Movement Monitoring of Goods TransportationBased on Electronic Seal System

Emir HusniSchool of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Institut Teknologi BandungBandung, Indonesia

ehusni@lskk.ee.itb.ac.id

Surya Michrandi NasutionSchool of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Institut Teknologi BandungBandung, Indonesia

michrandi@telkomuniversity.ac.id

Abstract—Movements of raw materials will made productionof goods easier. Sometimes, there are frauds when moving thosematerials. Based on customs rules, there must be implementationof a security sign in order to secure the movement of goods.This security sign could be an electronic seal. Electronic sealcould secure the movement of goods, but it could not givesinformation in real time situation. This paper discusses a web-based monitoring system of electronic seal in order to track themovement of goods. The proposed system in this paper had 94.6(A) average page speed score, 87 (B) YSlow score, and on averageall pages will be loaded in less than one minute.

Index Terms—movement monitoring, goods transportation,electronic seal, tracking, web-based monitoring.

I. INTRODUCTION

Needs of transporting raw materials is an important thingin the process of making items. Raw materials need to becollected into a fabrication’s place. For goods that will beexported abroad, it must be monitored by customs.

Customs implement a security system for goods by anissued regulation of Director General of Customs and ExciseNo. PER-01 / BC / 2016. In article 20, paragraph 4 explainedthat in order to move goods from customs area to bondedzones must be implemented a security sign. By implementingan electronic seal, the goods inside a container will be secureduntil it reached the bonded zones. This seal could only beopened by authorized officers from customs or bonded zonesofficers.

Electronic seal is the main solution to avoid modificationof goods inside the container by anyone when transportingthis goods. But these electronic seal can not gives real timeinformation such as container conditions, route, position, etc.At the first time, there will be an information given to thedrivers to start their journey by using telegram’s bot feature.

Movement monitoring has been done in [1] which mon-itored movement of a bus with a hardware that connectedinto internet and sent information periodically to a designatedserver. Meanwhile in [2] discusses a real time web-basedmonitoring in order to count the number of persons in aroom. Xinyuan, et al [5] discusses transportation of dangerousgoods and categorizing dangerous level when transportingthose movement. Common monitoring system that has beendone is a web-based monitoring system.

In this paper, a web-based monitoring system has beenproposed in order to monitor movement of containers fromcustoms area to bonded zones and those movement could beviewed by customs officers, owner of goods, etc. This paperwill be divided into several discussion, such as background,

related works, designed system and implementation, and con-cludes with conclusion.

II. RELATED WORKS

Some researches that studied movement monitoring dividedtheir system into tracking and monitoring. In tracking system,they often implement hardware in order to capture every eventin roads, such as Arduino, mobile phone or another controllers.Those events that happened in roads, will be reported to adesignated server. Every information that reported, will bemonitored using applications, such web-based or mobile-basedsystem.

Some research in vehicle movement monitoring implementtheir system in public or emergency vehicle. In [1], [5]–[7],they tried to monitored moving bus or bus that stopped ina station. They implements a hardware into the vehicle thatcan report any information that occurs in roads to a server.Communication between tracker and server are using GPRS[1], [5], [7] or WiFi [6] and basic information that sent toserver are coordinates and time stamp.

Monitoring of goods movement has been done in [8] byusing GPRS communication and resolving location from GPSand any other sensors. They proposed a monitoring systembetween pick-up and delivery location using GIS. Vehiclemonitoring system also implemented in [9] which using OBD-II. Status of a vehicle sent periodically to driver by usingtelegram application.

In this research, we proposed a container monitoring systemthat could assign task of transportation of goods, unlockingelectronic seal, vehicle monitoring system and integration oftelegram system in order to monitoring a driver.

III. SYSTEM CONCEPT AND DESIGN

A. System Concept

Monitoring system that proposed in this research will mon-itored movement of goods from pick-up to delivery locationsthat illustrate customs area and bonded zone. Goods will bemoved from cargo at port to container. At the same time,authorized officer should generates an assignment for thosegoods which include informations such as pick-up and deliverylocation, assignment start time, etc. Shortly after a task hasbeen assigned, driver will received a telegram message. Drivermust make sure all of goods that will be transfered alreadystored in container. Before time limit of assignment must bestarted, driver must attached an electronic seal to the container.Process in whole system could be seen in Fig. 1.

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2019 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICEECS)

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Fig. 1. Flow of Whole System

Electronic seal will be attached as seen in Fig. 2. Whenofficer already assign a task for this container, electronic sealwill periodically update every information that occurs in theroads between designated locations and it will be stoppeduntil officer unlocked electronic seal at the destination point.Server will received informations from all assignment and willmonitored all vehicle that has been assigned.

Fig. 2. Implementation of Electronic Seal

The system that has been proposed had several featuresas seen in Fig. 3, vehicle position, warning alert from somevehicles, capability of adding, removing or modifying drivers,trucks, containers, electronic seals. Placing an assignmentonly can be done when electronic seals, drivers, trucks, andcontainers already registered in the system. Algorithm 1,shows how assignment could be set by authorized officer.Adding, removing, and modifying locations also could be doneby officer. Whole activities in these system will recorded inlog system.

As told before, officer need several entities in order tocreate an assignment. They need name of designated driver,truck, container, electronic seal, locations to be inserted in

Fig. 3. Monitoring System Capability

assignment list. All of this information not only registered inthe system, but also sent to designated driver in order to startan assignment in time. Algorithm 2 shows if an electronicseal is used, but there is no assignment for it and it will beset to be unlocked immediately. If there is an assignment foran electronic seal, monitoring system for started to track itand send a telegram notification sent to driver shortly afterassignment is successfully created.

Algorithm 1 Assignment Rulesdriver ← driverstruck ← truckscontainer ← containerslock ← lockslocation← (source, destination)if (driver 6= null) & (truck 6= null)& (container 6= null) & (lock 6= null) thenassignment set← driver, truck, container, lockassignment time← current timeassignment location← locationtelegram notification(driver.id, assignment set)

elseassignment set← null

end if

Algorithm 2 Assignment Checklock status← lockedif assignment set = null then

lock status← unlockedelse

lock status← lockedif currenttime + limit time >= assignment timethentelegram alert()

end ifend if

B. Design of System

This section discusses relationship between entity and workflow that conceptualized in monitoring system. Electronic sealgives information periodically to Tracker data which con-tains time stamp, longitude, latitude, battery, and signal

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to the server and it will also stored a warning information inalert which contains time stamp and message if there anyavailable warning status. In order to receives information in theserver, driver, vehicles, locks, container, and location inassignment must be set. Attributes in Driver contain name,telegram id, and status. V ehicle had licenseno, type, andstatus as attributes. Container also had same attributes asV ehicle, but it do not have license no. Locks had IMEIas a unique attribute and also had status.

Fig. 4. Data Flow Diagram Level 0

As seen in Fig. 4, monitoring system connects electronicseal as a tracker device and officer as a user. In Fig. 5,described the big process of main design of monitoring sys-tem. Information from electronic seal will be processed andseparated into two kind informations, tracker data and alert.Both of them will be shown in web system and displayed foruser.

Fig. 5. Data Flow Diagram Level 1

In the process of monitoring system, it will need datafrom tracker and alert which based on assignment and it willdisplayed to user every movement and event that occurred.User can create an assignment, modify basic input informationdrivers, vehicles, locks, containers using control panel, andmodify location from its settings. In order to create assign-ment, user need all of those basic input information and alsosource-destination locations.

Simultaneous data will be sent to the server because thisproposed system used real time web-based monitoring. Some-times, it makes the stopped vehicle looks like it is movingaround. Multiple data handling, will be designed in orderto hide some similar location of a vehicle. In algorithm 3,explained how to handle multiple similar informations.

Algorithm 3 Multiple Data Handlingt← 1threshold dist← 100position(t) ← information setwhile position(t) 6= null do

draw(position(t))dist(1) ← count dist(position(t), position(t−1))dist(2) ← count dist(position(t), position(t−2))if dist(1) > threshold distand dist(2) < threshold dist thenhide position(t−1)

end ifif dist(1) + dist(2) > 0.5× threshold dist thenhide position(t−1)

end ift← t+ 1

end while

IV. IMPLEMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

This section discusses implementation of web-based moni-toring system for electronic seal. We are considering severalpages that must be explained as main feature of this system,such as vehicle monitoring and warning system in homepage, modification of drivers, trucks, containers, and locks incontrol panel, creating assignment for some goods that mustbe transported.

A. Vehicle Monitoring System

At home page, all vehicle’s positions is shown and it isspread into several places based on their last position. Seen atFig. 6, there are several vehicles that has been assigned shownabove digital map from Open Street Map. Right beside thosemaps, there is a list of alert that sent by electronic seal. This listis arranged based on newest event from every vehicles. Otherinformations that shown in this page are time stamps, vehicle’slicense and lock’s serial number, detailed warning messages,and action button for observing chosen vehicle. There areseveral warning messages that has been set by electronic seal,such as low battery and signal and if there was more than 30minutes late from scheduled start time.

Fig. 6. Vehicle Tracker Position and Alert

Officer can make an observation for specific vehicle bychoosing an assignment that shown in the list or a vehiclein main page of the monitoring system. This page will be

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showing all movement from specified vehicle and gives acheckpoint every 15 minutes.

B. Modifying Component of Assignment

Officer able to add, modify, and remove drivers, trucks,containers, and electronic seal in this page. Before driver,trucks, containers, and electronic seals could be assignedin a task, it must registered to the system which insertedby authorized officer. There are several basic informationsthat needed by system, such as name and telegram id fordriver’s data, license number and variant of vehicle for truck’sdata. Officer could inserted type of container to determine itscontainer’s number. Electronic seal also must be registeredfirst before used to record vehicle positions, there is uniquenumber for each electronic seals. Every time officer registersnew data, he also must inserts current position of driver, truck,container, and electronic seal. To modify a new locations thatcan be used as pick-up and delivery location, officer could uselocation’s page.

Fig. 7. Control Panel

Fig. 8. Assignment

C. Process of Creating Assignment

Right after all those components that explained before reg-istered in the system, officer able to create an assignment fortransporting goods between pick-up and delivery locations. Inassignment’s page will be shown the list of on-going task. Thislist as in Fig. 8, shows detail for each tasks, so officer knowswho is the driver of a vehicle that carry a container, battery andsignal status, pick-up and delivery location, time of assignmentbeing created and started, assignment’s status. There are also

action buttons that can be operated by authorized officer, totrack selected vehicle, unlock an electronic seal, and completean assignment. These buttons can only be operated if vehiclehas arrived in delivery location. The process of creating anassignment is finished when its already shown in the list,and telegram notification received by a driver that has beendesignated as seen in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9. Assignment Information via Telegram

D. Multiple Data Handling

In experiment, electronic seal could sent informations morethan three times in a minutes to the server. Coordinates thatresolved from GPS could missed from the real position. Inexample, an electronic seal that attached to a stopped vehiclesent 3 times a pair of coordinates, (x, y), (x + 1, y + 1)and (x, y) respectively. Each information still received by theserver as it is, but when it will be drawn in digital map,the vehicle looked like still moving to some place and returnto previous position. This is different from the real situationwhich it is idle in its position ((x, y)).

Fig. 10. Movement with Noise Informations

Fig. 10 shows a vehicle’s movement between buildings,butits had noise informations. Its looked like moved to otherplaces before reach its destination. In fact, these vehicle wentdirectly into its destination. In order to handle this condition,algorithm 3 that has been discussed will be implemented.Fig. 11 shows real movement of the vehicle.

E. Performance Testing

There are several testing to measure website monitoringperformance. In our experiment, we are using page speedand YSlow testing in https://gtmetrix.com/ to measure its

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Fig. 11. Movement with Noise-Filtered Informations

TABLE IPAGE SCORE INDEX

Web Page Speed YSlowPage Score (%) Score (%)

trackmap6.php B (87) C (71)control panel.php A (99) A (98)

assign.php A (99) A (96)location.php B (89) C (76)

logs.php A (99) A (94)

performance. YSlow is a tools that created by Yahoo to testand measure loading speed of a website.

Table I explained the result of performance testing.Trackmap6.php and location.php had lowest performancesscore among others. This is caused by digital map thatcalled from OpenStreetMaps in every load of the page.Beside those two lowest pages, others already got outstandingperformance (3 out 5 had A as a result). Results of this testingare 94.6 (A) for average speed score and 87 (B) for YSlowscore. Fig. 12 shows all pages speed score in our monitoringsystem.

Fig. 12. Page Score Index

Table II shows the measurement of responses time.Trackmap6.php needs 26.2 s to shows its page until all of4.83 MB loaded with total demand of 227 requests. Minimumrequests appear in assign.php which only need 48 to load4.04 MB and it will fully loaded in 24.1 s. Logs.php needthe longest time to loaded its page. It will take more thanone minute to load all logs database. The biggest page size

tm6 c panel asgn loc logs20

30

40

50

60

Web Pages

Fully

Loa

ded

Tim

e(s

)

Fig. 13. Response Time

appeared in trackmap6.php and location.php which showeddigital map from OpenStreetMap. In overall, average timethat needed to load all pages is less than one minute.

TABLE IIPAGE RESPONSE TIME

Web Fully Total PagePage Loaded Time (s) Size (MB) Requests

trackmap6.php 26.2 4.83 227control panel.php 23.5 4.09 109

assign.php 24.1 4.04 48location.php 23.2 4.68 142

logs.php 61.9 4.14 110

V. CONCLUSION

Based on implementation and evaluation in performance,these monitoring system works fine in order to track anelectronic seal that attached in a container. New assignmentnotification gave enough informations for designated drivers.Movements of goods can be real time monitored by authorizedofficers.

The experiments show the performance of the system isgood in page speed and responses time. It had 94.6 (A) foraverage speed score, 87 (B) for YSlow score, and on averageall pages will be displayed in less than one minute.

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