international bank for r:econstruction and...
TRANSCRIPT
RESTRICTED
Report No. SA-9a
Thi reporwas;prepare'd'or use.wihin the Bank and its oft ated organizat Ionsv -1-.
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Theyd-o not occept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report maynor ue pubisieu niur riiuy it be quuued ua represrenting trieir views.
INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR R:ECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
INDIA - A REVIEW OF
T P1NDT TN 1MANT\TACTTTRTNGrT TNTTTTTTy
ANNEX TO VOLUME I
STATISTICAL TABLES
April i, 1970
South Asia Department
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1 Indian Rupee U.O. $0.13
1 U. S. Dollar Rs. 7.5
1 Lakh = 100 thousand
1 Crore = 10 million
The Indian financial year runs fromApril 1 through March 31.
LIST OF TABLES
.Table No.A. OUTPUT
- Grouith of National Product, by Sector inConstant Prices, 1961/62 to 1967/68 . . 1
- Contribution of Manufacturing to the NationalProduct, 1950/51 to 1968/69 . . . 2
- The Changing Structure of Indian Industry,1951 to 1967 . . . . . . 3
- Annual Index of Industrial Production,1951 to 1961 (1956 weights) . . . 4
- Annual Index of Industrial Production,1956 to 1968 (1960 weights) . 5 .
- Share of Public Sector in Industrial Output . 6- Per Capita -Value .Added-in Manufacturing by.
States 1960 and 1966 . . . . . 7- Percentage Shares of States in Manufacturing
Employment, Output & Value Added,1959 and 1966 . . . . . . . 8
- Distribution of Labor in Manufacturing Industriesby State and by Industry - 1963 . . . 9
- Share of Government Purchases, Exports andImports on Net Output of Industrial Branchesin India (1963) - % . . . . , 10
- 14umber of Industrial Licenses Issued1956 - 1966 . . . . . 11
B. IVEST1EMENT AMD CAPACITY(Note on Investment Estimates)
- Yearly Plan Outl ays; Q9q0/ql to 1968/69. 12- Estimates of Gross Investment in Public and
Private Mannfactfiiring Tndi,strvv195o/51 to 1967/68 . . . . . 13
- Annual Piulic. Seotor Tnvo.tmnnt inM,lanufacturing, Industry, Mining, andTransport 196n/61 tn 1967/6 .. 1L
- Cumulative Investment by Type of Asset inPublic Sector Enterprises, 1960/61 to 1968R .1
- Annual Investment by Type of Asset in PublicSector Enterprises, 1960/61 to 1967/68 . 16
- Cumula.tive Expenditure on Capital Stock ofPubl&.ic.A.. E ~ ~ ~ ~.'.960 to 196 . . . -
-2-
Table No.B. IFlVEESTMENT AND CAPACITY - cont;d
- Expenditure on Capital Stock of PublicSector Enterprises, 1960/61. to 1967/68 . 18
- Total Government Investment in Public SectorEnterprises (Cumulative - By Branch ofIndustry), 1961 to 1968 . . . . 19
- Total Investment in Public Sector Industryby Branch of Industry, 1961/62 to 1967/68 . 20
- Government Investment in Principal Concerns(Cumulative) 1961 to 1968 . . . . 21
- Government Investments in Pri.ncipal Concernseach Year, 1961/62 to 1967/68 . . . 22
-- Total Government Investment in Public SectorEnterprises (Cumulative) - by Type ofAsset, 1961 to 1968 . . . . . 23
-. Annual Government Investment in PublicSector Enterprises by Type of Asset,1961/62 to 1967/68 . . . .24
- Annual Investment by Operating GovernmentCompanies, 1960/61 to 1966/67 . . .25
- Indices of Underutilization of Capacity byIndustry Group (1955-64) . . . . . 26
-. Estimated Unutilized Canacit' in Broad Groupsof In.dustries During 1967-68 . . . 27
-. Distribution of Product-Factories Accordin-fto the Reasons for Unutilizec Ca;acity During1967-68 . . . . . 28
- Assessment of Impact of Import Liberalizationon Canacitv UT1izatJ,a.. 29
CL TN,TjqTqTAT. FTNAM71C
- Soirrcs and Uses of Fiinds - Medinm andLarge Public and Private Limited Companies . 30
- Suir--es of Vinranp.e nf' Pro-trn Gtf
Companies which Issued Capital throughProspectuses during 196667 . . . 31
-. Sources of Funds of Industrial FinanceGo.mY_nis duir.g+he T. DIrd an- and
1967/68 . .. 32=Assi+rc yD-lStFen qanc-e Co .................-. ais.3
- India: DFC Loans Sanctioned and Disbursed Chart IT- Indices of Secruity Prices Al-l Tndia
1957/58 to 1969 . . . . . . 34~ V t~4 %J1. 4J~J U D-L -- LJ L- J.-Consents R1ece-iveCd an-L C,apit '~. Raised. b Ly r.onI-
Government Companies . . . . .35
- Capital Issued through Prospectuses by n,on-Government, non-Financial, Public LimitedCor,-.panies. . . . . . . .
-3-
Table No.C. IxTATMTOTOTAT T\NAT A 'T- con4 A
- Share 0;,Lfe,-ing and Subscr,po,
1961/62 to 1967/68 . . . 37- Underwriting of Capital Issues . . . 38
Du PErODv>NC Ai-D EFFICIENCY SAT STICS
- Private Sector - Profitability Ratios . 39- Private Sector Profitability Ratios by Size
of Company - 1964/65 and 1965/66 . . 40- Net Profits and Losses of Major Public
Sector Enterprises 1964/65 to 1967/68 . 41- Public Sector Industry - Profitability Ratios . 42- Internation Price Comparisons . . . 43- Economic Situation of 73 Largest Manufacturing
Enterprises in India, Classified by MainBranches of Activity (1965/66) . . .44
- Business Behaviour of Largest Enterprises(compared to other Enterprises) . . 45
- Concentration Ratios and Related Efficiency Co-efficients of Indian Industry, 1965/66 . 46
- International Comparison Between LargestIndian and I3on-Indian IndustrialEnterprises (1966) . . . . . 47
- Economy of Scale in Indian Industry . . 48- Benefits from Using Capital Intensive
Techniques (1965/66) . . . . . 49- Gains or Losses due to Differential Capital
and Labor Costs in Indian and ForeignEnterprises, 1966 * . . . . . 50
-. Economic and Technical Profiles of IndianIndustrial Enterprises (various Sizes andBranches) Compared to Profiles of IndustrialEnterprises in Other Countries . . . 51
-- Basic Ratios of Indian Industry - Changeover Time . . . . . . . 52
Some Structural Relationshimcin IndianIndustry - 1959-65 . . . . . 53
E. IMPORTS AND IMPORT SUBSTITUTIONT
Classification of Indian Imports byMIain Grouns 54
-- Classification of Imports, byProduction Categories 55
Dependence of the Indian Market forI.nnufacturing Goods on i.m.orts of.Fini'shed Products (in value terms) . . 56
-h -
Table No.E. I:MPORTS AND IMPORT SUBSTITUTION - cont'd
Dependeince of the Indian Market forManuf'actured Goods on Imports ofFinished Products (in %) . . . . .57
-- Behaviour of Imports under the Recession(Change in %) . . . . . . .58
F. MISCELLANEOUS
Concentration of Ownership in Indian Industry .59-- Spread of Activity of Largest Indian
Multifirm Holdings (Houses) . . . 60-- Productwise Concentration of Industrial
Licenses - Selected States . . . . 61. Share of Various Licensee Categories of
Priva.te Corporate Sector in Paid-upCapit al (lQ58-l959) Pronosed Investmenton Machinery, and Value of Import ofCanital ,nnods (1 ) . 62
- Percentage Share of Various LicenseeGlategor;es of Private Coporate Sectorin IJumber of Licenses, Rejections andForei.gn Collaborations . . , . , 63
-- Targets and Achievements of Capacity andProduction in Selected Industries . . .6
-- Plan Output Targ_ts ancd Achievements inia jor Inustres. . . . . .
TABLE' 1
ANNUAL GROWTH OF N ATIONAL PROIUCT, BY SECTOR, IN CONSTANT PRICES
1961/62 to 1567/68 (percent)
1960/61 to1967/68 (%
1961/62 1962e/63 1963/614 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 I167/68 per annm)
Agriculture 1.1. -2..5 3.0 8.9 -14.9 0.1 :18.4 2.3
Large-scale Manufacturing 11.1 13.2 8.8 9.5 1.5 0.7 -1.1 6.1Small-scale Manufacturing 8.1 4.5 7.0 6.2 - 1,.8 1.4 4.6 4.3
Total 9 -5* 8XT 2 * 3
Mining 5.2 14.,9 10.8 *-4.9 13.3 5.0 1.3 6.3Construction 1.7 5.,9 9.9 3.1 2.1 -3.3 -4.2 2.1Transport, Communication & Commerce 6.6 6.10 i7.2 6.2 1.8 2.7 3.4 4.8Utilitieis and other servIces 5.3 6.3 7.0 5.1 3.8 2.8 3.8 4.9
TOTAL GDiP 4.0 2,.6 5.7 7.3 -5.1 1.1 8.5 3.4
Source: "Estima,tes of National Prociuct 1960/61 to 1967/68,"t c0..0.,, New DeLhi, March 1969.
TABLE 2
CONTRIBUTION OF MAINUFAC'[ RINI' TO THE NATICNAL ]RODUCT, 1950/' 1 to 1968/69
(Percentages of' GDP, Current Prices)
1550o/51 1955/56 1960/61 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1967/68 1968/69
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 53.0 51.0 49.7 418.5 146.5 47.1 49.0 46.1 47.7 51.6 50.2
Large-scale Manufacturing 6.0 7.2 8.4 8.8 9.4 9.5 9.1 9.6 9.2 8.0Cmall-sca2le Manufacturing 7.0 6.8 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.0 ._
Total Manufacturing 14 14.0 14. 7 W7 : Wv 5 -W7 Tv Ti
Mining 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1Construction 2.4 3.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.3Transport, Connunication & Commerce 16.0 15.0 14.4 1'4.7 :L5.1 14.8 14.8 15.5 15.5 1L4.9 15.0lltilities & Other Services 14.9 16.1 16.2 16.5 1L7.1 16.8 16.0 17.2 16.8 15.3 115.9
Total GDP 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1(0.0 100.0 lCO.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
S'ource: 1960/61 to 1967/68 data are taken from "Estimales of National. Prcduct, 1960/61 to 1967/68," CSO, March, 1969. 1968/69 are roughestimates. 1950/51 and 1955/56 are recalculated from the "conventional" and the "revised" series, respectivelr, using themethodology of the 1960/61 - 1967'/68 estimates.
T+^AIf 3
THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF INDIAN INDUSTRY
(% of value added each year) 1951 to 1967
I t a,Sufac I CtL L UL n g 7'7 1VU4 _ _U 196
Textiles 53.00 47.00 31.90 26.60 23.70Food, Beverages & Tobacco 1..70 I7.hO 16.90 12.90 12.00Wood, Paper & Leather Products 3.20 2.h0 h.10 6.40 8sC0Rubber Products 3.70 3.40 2.60 2.00 2.30JChemicals 4.60 4.O0 8.60 9.00 1010Non-metal:iic MVinerals 3.70 2.0U 4-.0 4.U° 5.2uPetroleum ProductS -4 h.30 1.70 1)30 1.9cBasic M,etal Industiries 0.9C) 10.40 8.70 13.00 13.0CMetal Products 2.80 1.10 2.90 3.10 2.90Machinery except electrical 0.70 1.20 4.00 6.10)Machinery - Electrical 1.60 2.70 3.60 4.20) 11.60Transport Equipment 3.20 3.20 9.20 9.80 77^(Others -- 0.10 1.30 1.50 2.00
Total Manufacturing 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 lOUC.-3Tc
111. All Industry
Mining and Quarrying 7.16 7.47 9.72 8.20 8.20Manufacturing 90.68 88.85 84.91 85.20 82.90Electricity Production 2.16 3.68 5.37 6.60 8.9CO
Total Industry 100.00 100.00 100. 00 M 1.00WCo
Source: Derived from the Annual Survey of Industries and preceeding sur-vevs. excent for 1967 which is ent-irnatd frn t the TIiptt'i l ProductionIndex. The estiaation of 1967 thus assumes that the relationship betweengross out.p_t and valn added is cntnt from. 196- to 1967*. The coverageis the same as for the weights in the Industrial Production Index, and thustends to underetm.ate tex+iles an.d other e',^all-scale iwndustries. "Petro-leum Products" and "Metal Products" do not seem to have been consistentlyAdfined.
TABsLE J
ANNUAL INTiEl OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION1956 %bights
1951 to 1961 BaE 15056-10)
lfeights 1953 1952 1 953 19554 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961
I. Mini.ng '& uArring 7.147 87.0 91.9 5?1.0 93.5 97.1 100.0 109.6 16.u 122.7 137.2 147.3II. Manufacturing 88.85 72.8 74.8 77.0 82.4 91.15 100.0 103.2' 106.0 1li1.9 127.9 L37.9Food 13.99 79.Cl 83.3 81.8 81.6 93.5 100.( 100.3 106.8 108.8 117. 128.3feverages & Tobacco 1.49 81.6 76.5 7'0.0 75.4 86.13 100.0 110.7 113.1. 122.9 10.6 150.0Nextilas 41.76 78.5 81.5 E87.2 90.3 93.14 100.0 99.9' 98.5 102.4 105.1 lo6.7Paper ,I Paper Proclucts 1.39 66.5 69.2 72.1 81.4 95.9 100.0 109.5 127.3 15.4 173.14 I18.9Rubber Products 3.01Q 75.4 68.1 71.3 83.9 92.0 100.0 104.1 108.1 118.1 14L.3 157.4CThericals & Chesical Products 3.58 72.8 78.4 E13.6 8 4.1 96.,2 100.0 100. 4 116.3 131.0 119.9 172.2
Petroleum Producte 3.79 6.64 6.o 6.3 16.5 77.7 100.0 LL4.31 122.7 132.4 14t.7 156.5Non-metallic Minerals 2.47 64. b 69.1 7'0.2 80.0 87.5 100.0) 14.6 128.7 l1b.o 168.1 If.OElasic 14ats 9.25 83.1 65.3 E0.5 98.5 96.1 100.0 99.0 106.2 a3.6 162.5 M9.9Metal Products 0.99 54 h. 54.3 5;8.2 86.6 96.5 100.0) 97.EI 102.5 98.3 105.9 152.3Machinery except electrical 1.1lD 45.2 35.7 317.7 57.5 83.13 100.() 129.5 148.3 185.8 236.? 26.7Machinery - Electrical 2.41 143.6 49.4 5;2.2 58.4 71.9 100.0 118.6 124.6 133.4 175.9 LBJ.tIransport Equipment 2.865 46.1. 39.7 b,l. 6 49.5 80.0D 100.0 105.h 95.5 10.4 191.4 130.M
III. Elec:tricity 3.68 60.9 63.7 69.0 77.4 88.:l 100.0 112.8 127.4 151.1 171.0 :us.&
General Iadex 73.b 75.6 77.7 83.0 91.9 100.0 104.1 107.5 116.8 130.2 1U1.0
Sources C.S.O. (Industrial, Stat:Latica Wing)
This table is included because 1956 weights are more appropriate for describing grolth in the 1.950's. Structiral changes are such that in fact an indexis reslible only for a few yeari aiounh the base rear. For exa,le, growth of marufactiring output from 1951-61 appea to be 89% isslng 1956 ln1ahtor 103% using 1960 weights.
TiBLE 5
ANNUAL INDEI 0F IOFlXISTRIAL PF)DUCTION9L9t1.60 ights
1956 to 196B Biwa 1960-100
Weihts 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 19tS1 1962 1963 196t4 1965 1966 1967 1
I. Mining and Quarrying 9.72 78.7 B5.0 86.6 90.1 100.0 105.4 115.2 1,23.2 uL9,,4 131.7 136.0 135.8 112.0
II. Manufactrting 84.91 79.6 B3.4 84.8 90.5 100.0 110.8 120.5 130.1 143.1 151.2 150.2 148,4 156.3
(a) Consnumer Goods 41.97 91.1 94.2 93.0 95.0 100.0 105.5 107.8 110.1 L7,,8 LL9.9 118.1 ULL, us5.2-od *27M9 797 'BE 3 W3 91 I 15 IW Tr" T" 5T I MI7 =7 10. 4
Beverages and Tobacco 2.22 71.1 75.1 80.7 8?.0 100.' 0 107.0 111.7 109.2 126,1 147.6 158.9 149.4 163.3Textiles 27.06 98.0 99.0 95.3 97.0 100.0 103.8 10
6.4 110.5 16,,1 115.4 109.3 107.6 112.5
Footwear and Others o.60 67.4 182.3 76.4 82.1 100.0 126.7 106 .4 107-9 148,0 169.4 3A4.2 194.8 n.a.
(b) Intermediate Goods 13.77 63.9 66.4 76.4 89.0 100.0 111.5 118.2 135.1 147.3 160.9 168.4 12 19.0
Paper and Paper Products 1.61 58.1 63.7 76.0 86.2 100.0 105.2 109.5 130.4 135,.8 146.8 1S0.0 167.1 185.0Leather and Leather Products 0.43 70.6 '71.2 80.0 91.3 100.0 100,.9 LLo.6 126.0 121,,7 122.7 120., 115,.9 n.a.Rubber Products 2.22 69.6 73.7 75.9 86.1 100.0 112.9 121.8 135.5 143.0 159.4 160.2 1T.IA 202.1Chaeicals & Cbmical Products 7.26 63.7 63.6 76.7 90.0 100.0 115.9 121.4 135.7 146.6 159.8 3S7.4 172.2 197.4Petroleum and Coal 1.45 69.6 '77.9 81.9 88.4 100.0 105.7 LL3.8 131.6 14667 154.6 191.2 234.2 260.1
(c) C ital Goods 29.17 70.7 '76.2 77.0 84.8 100.0 117.9 139.4 156.1 177.9 192.0 188.0 183.2 200.2lo-n-nmetraII Minerals -7FY MD7 '-7" E175 'Y: T55 TW7 LL6. TWXD TV.-h 1"T lTyS-I M.'5 lbl.OBasic Metals 7.38 56.4 58.8 63.0 77.7 100.0 118.7 143.1 171.7 174.4 180.0 186.5 178.2 (188.0)Metal Products 2.51 74.6 62.8 68.0 81.7 100.0 122.3 122.4 132.6 136.9 135.3 129.9 192.1 181.2Machinery except electrical 3.38 52.2 58.0 65.0 73.4 100.0 126.9 162.5 206.9 260.4 289.9 307-4 299.3 327.0Machinery - Electrical 3.05 56.5 67.2 72.4 77.9 100.0 114.5 133.3 156.2 179.4 215.8 233.5 243.4 277.5Transport Equipmant 7.77 102.8 Ll 1 4 99.2 98.6 100.0 120.5 148.1 14.2 182.8 197.2 1653.4 144.9 (152.0)Miscellaneous 1.23 58.9 69.6 71.0 82.2 100.0 105.6 121.4 126.8 140.7 150.1 151.5 138.7 n.a.
III. Electricity 5.37 58.5 655.9 74.5 88.6 100.0 116.3 130.7 150.9 173.6 190.9 207.8 230.7 266.6
ALL INDUSTRIES (Calendar Year) , 100.0 78.4 132.7 84.4 90.3 100.0 110.6 120,5 130.6 142.4 151.5 151.9 151.6 148ALL INIlUSTRIES (Financial Year)- 100.0 -- -- -_ -- 102.8 111.2 121.9 133.1 114.1 150.3 152.8 153.0 163.0
Svca. '.S.O. I.A-tr4l St-RtA1Ftji,'q WirW
Classification is from the Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey, 19157/6t.
FT 1960/61 is given under column for 1960.
TABLE 6
SilsE OF FUBLIC SECTOR IN IN0SrRIAL_OUTPUT
Data on Production of Industrial Dndertacings of the Central Qovernment Gross Value of Output Accurding to the Reserie Bank of India(rounded up to 10 ] ahs slncludisig Government owned enterprisesT
1960/61 19653/64 1L965/66 1967/68 1960/6:L - 19&6/66Sales Sales Sales Sales 1960/61 1963/64 196t4/65 1965/66 (index of t
A. Consumer Goods Industries 50 A. Consuter Goods Incantriegs
B. Ilterneidiate Goods Industries Food Manufacturing 32,253 40,283 45,364 51,800 160.6Tobacco 6,592 8,924 10,409 12,340 187.2
Petroleum Products 78 2,410 22,010 45,680 Textilea 100,200 130,558 144,582 155,074 174.8Antibiotics 1450 450 580 730 ~~~~~~~Private Listed Companies 29,779~ 40,671 44,058 48,646 163.4
ALntibiotics )4,-0 450 580 710Insecticides ) 160 160 210 Subtotal - Conoasr Industries 168,824 220,436 224,413 267,860 158.7Fertilizers 1,153 3,220 3,140 5,4590
B. Intermediate Goods IndustriesChini cals 1,603 .3,830 3,880 6,400
Paper and Paper Produsts 6,541 13,492 14,081 15,498 236.9Newsprint 287 320 320 330 Rubber Products 6,513. 9,41L 10,349 1L,884 1B2.5
Chemicals 15,957 28,166 31,171 35,623 Z23.2Subtotal - Intermediate Goods (without oil) 1,850 4,150 4,200 6,930 Petrolen Products (inclixting oil) 5,072 8,8905 17,151 28,751 956.8
(with oiL) 1,928 6, 560 26,210 52,610 Private Limited Coqanies 12,571 26,590 27,105 29,351 233.5
C. Capital Goods Induatries Subtotal - Intermediate Indutries 46,652 86,584 99,857 121,107 259.6
Basic Metals - Steel and Zinc 4,097 13,110 23,870 25,310 C. Capital Goods Industries
Non-Electric M[achinery (machine & tooLs) 437 L,1L0 1,180 3,530 Urn-Metallic Minerals 9,0259 12,892 13,844 15,418 170.8Basic Metals 23,06-2 46,631 52,420 58,144 252.1
glectrical Equipinent 380 740 1,560 Metal Products 8,352 17,623 20,490 22,341 267.5Comnuication Cables 157 370 490 960 Non-Electrical xachi,mry 13,926 30,720 34,79T 37,607 270.0Electronic Equipment 470 910 1,960 Electrical Machinery 9,890 24,000 29,855 34,569 349.5Telephone Equipnent 638 1 010 1,460 2 0310 Tranhport Equip_nt 18,8431 34,1145 43,604 46,920 249.0
Electrical Machinery 795 2,230 3,600 6,850 Private Limited Compesl 27,44 3 65,887 71,685 78,221 285.0
Aircraft 816 1,200 1,650 4,100 Subtotal - Capital Goods Indiustries 110,535 232,3198 266,696 293,220 265.2Ships 236 1,070 1,400 1,9310
Transpart Equipment 1,0;2 2,270 3,050 6,030 T01hL 326,015 539,48 61C,6 682,187 20S.2
Subtotal - Capital Goods 6,3131 2 3,720 31,700 41,720
TOTAL (without oil) 8,231 27,870 35,900 48,650(with oil) 8,309 30,280 57,910 943-3L
Nots: Value of sales of petroleum production was added on the assumption that it must contain a certain percentage of refined produicts. Otherwise if it consisted of crude oil only,the total value of petroleum products, xs repoirted by the Reserve BaLnk of Jndia, would be lees than thg value of supposed input of crude oil (as reported by the Indian Oil Corp.).
Sources: a) Bureau of Public Enterprises, Arusual Reports.b) Table 7, Volume II.
n.b. The coverage of this table differs from that of other tables referring to the Public Sector. cf. note to) Table 12.
TABLE 7
PER. CAPITA VAL-UI ADDED i iMTv7AJFACTURLriG BY STAi ITrIS1960 and 1966
(Rs, Current Prices)
% GrowthRanking (1959) 1960 1966 1960-1966
Maharashtra 61 104 70'-.est Bengal 57 87 53Gujarat 44 65 47Assam 22 24 9Tamil. Nadu 19 42 119Bihar 13 24 84Kerala 12 22 84Mysore 11 36 216Punjab 9 30 236Uttar Pradesh 8 14 72Madhya ]?radesh 7 16 125Andhra Pradesh 6 15 156Orissa 5 17 237Rajasthan 5 11 114Jammu & Kashmir 3 5 69
All India 23 36 58
Source: ASI - Census sector only.Adopted from "Commerce", May 3, 1969
TALBLE 8
PERCENTAGE SHARES OF STATES IN MUiA1UFACTUUNG EMiLOMEENT,OU'TPUT AND VALUE ADDED: 1959 & 1966
Gross ValueEmployment of _2tput Value Addect
Sta.,es 1959 1966 1959 1966 1959 l966
Maharashtra 21.1 19.0 24.9 24.4 26.6 26.0l. Bengal 23.1 21.9 22.2 20.2 23.2 19.5
Gujarat 10.3 8.3 8.8 8.1 9.8 8,6
Tamil Nadu 6.9 9.1 6.2 8.5 6.5 7.9Bihar 6.1 5.h 8.6 6.8 8.3 7.0Uttar Pradesh 8.o 7.2 7.8 6.9 5.7 6.3
Sub-l'otal 75.5 70.9 78.5 74.9 80.1 75.3
lysore 3.6 4.3 3.0 3.7 3.2 5.1Andhra Pradesh 4.8 5.7 3.5 4.1 2.4 3.3Madhya Pradesh 3.0 3.7 2.0 3.9 1.7 3.2
Kerala 4.4 3.8 2.6 2.2 2.8 2.4Punjab 2.h 2.1 1.0 1.8 1.0 1.8Orissa 0.7 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.0 1.8
Assam 2.4 1.9 3.3 1.9 4.1 1.8Harvana ... 1.5 ... 1.8 ... 1.7Rajasthan 1.5 1.8 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.h
Jammu and Kashmir 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0,1Union Territories 1) 21 2 1 271 I19 1_9
Sub-Total 2lh-5 29-3 21-5 2N 2 19=9 2h.8
General Total, 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source: ASI - Cetnsus Sector only.PRe-rodAued fr.om CoMMe-l TMad. -/ -O.
51 197176, A7 :.,F LAB7O IN 1167UF7ACTURINGG IN0137078, BY ST76g AND8 By 08001T - 0967
Oo 3.....: 7. 77.777<, 000,r We ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 A0d.o.o & 1000- 8i.~lt W lt JLd.-& i.-Hi to
Icohore lo~~~~~~., 5-776 75b2 '31 49 767 17,773 1 3,505 36,050 12,561 - 9, 69. 9,07.0 769 .022 -3, 39 760,7(81
8 7.5 0.6 71.5 31 .1 I - 1.7 7.7. 273.8 7.6 - 6.2 6.7 0 .5 0.6 - .0 - - 0.0 700.0
10d1 N.. 60 55 7 W7,17.0 7,2031 26,170 217 92,3259 0l,,356 L.37577 56, 7? 225,7 39 6, ?52 9,87 3 L, 7!, 73, .77 51,761 3 ,. 008 93 1 .67 581,5827 .6 151.7 '. 2 6.6 0.0 3.6 7.5 17.0 6.4 1.2 7.7 0.9 1 2.6 7. 6 M 0. 0.0 0. 0 0.3 100.o
ooerage, ec. 7~~ ~ ~~~~~~ ~~157 01526 1777 160 667 61,7 1.710 7.I1 21 7) 28 276 1.997 1.709 -207 717 - - 9,4666.73 C.3 5:.7. 1 .9 7.7 9.71 6.5 16.5 6.3 0.2 8.0 2. 9 21.1 1 2.3 2 .7 7,6 - - 103.0
ToC.ooo 720~~~~~~~~W. 93,7764 7. 6,70 7,7&09 - 2,061 9,1777 2, 209 39,078 8,766 2,063 86 798 2, 617 317,.? --. - 56 175,935% 53.2 77.0 2.64 62. - .2 5.2 7.3 22.2 5.0 1. 2 0.5 0.5 1.5 7.0 --. 0.0 788.0
10007.0.. ~~~~ ~~~~N-. 23, 75L 955 9,277 207,51 5 7 ,94 26,11 2 67,323 1176,60. 3733,379 47,299 6,387 41,1 31 1 3,511 82, 731 299,688 20,207, 38 - I.1,01.9 0.1 17.7 16.0 0.3 2.0 3.7 9.71 26.1 3.7 0.5 3.I17 6. 3. 16D, - -18.
a..Ooo nd vullor 0. 262 I .7.91 313 - 509 4.07 1,5674 3.990 10 36 - I.1746 211 7 9,015 1,585 - 1.6( .. 12 35,397-o.6, oppore 7 .7 4 .8 0.9 - 1. 7 1 .7 10.0 11.3 3.5 - 3.2 o.6 53.2 ,..5 - .0 *. 0.0 1100.0
W-d0 .od Co-k Wo. 7,8B63 5,1,53 3,157 6,160 678 10,965 .6,853 1, 322 8. 265 4,687. 2,21 5 3.262 901 2,385 7,8595 1,596 697. .I 7 572 66,830
8 2.8 77.2 5:.5 6 .2 7.0 16.6, 10.3 2.0 12.6 7.0 3.3 4.9 1.3 3.6 11.8 2.1 1.0 .. .0 Q.l 70D.0
yolOr 6 lot-r N.. 3,302 42 638 336 31. 065 4.00 21,571 6,813 7.89 319 1,089 328 2,115 3, 387 60 18M - 217.10e8 74.2 72.2 2.1 1.8 0.2 6.1 7.9 7 2.2 22.8 2.3 I7.5 5.2 7.6 10.0 16.1 0.2 3.7 ..- 708.0
lPer- .o7 Pope Prodot. N.. 2,659 . 3,7,82 2,693 13 091 1,723 7,605 8,18&6 3,522 4,309 3.0039 100 2, 9h0 1 3,714 - 33 . - - 68I9788 5.0 .. 7.1 7.5 0.0 1 .8 3.5 3. 3 76.7 7.8 B.8 6.1 0.2 6.0 28.0 - 0.1 ..- 08.8
F13t07g &, 0bl6ihig 1.. 6,762 1.7709 6,602 6,825 89 6,212 1,372 75.887 31,356 2,681 2,013 3.701 2,255 70.098 66 5,672 - b.-60 175,506.1 72.9 7,.1 6.2 0.1 3.6 2.9 1 3.8 27.1 2.3 7.7 3.2 2.0 8.7 0.0 6. 9 - .- 0.0 108.0
0.72.t= .27 L..th 80 1.I38 3. :91 638 139 - 121 8,138 1,033 27.7 212 270 - 159 ,86-12 - 5,8P7o,6.o0. 8 6.6 *. 7.5 2.7 0.~ ~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~5 . 0.5 1.5 6.0 1.0 0.8 0. - 664.8 .1. 0. -A 11008.0
F . 0I R7.bb-r 2. 63 164 1,727 PR 3,768 200 2,859 70,532 193 - 2.371 5;1 7.306 26,292 - 710 - . 9.011pno20boo. 8 ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~ 2.1 2.3 2.3 7.1 6.6 0.6 5.8 21.5 0.6 - 6. 0.1 2.7 53.6 - 1.8 5 800.8
27.0.in60o 20~~~~~~~I. 3,176 1,.057 8,4,92 16,6932 42 5,932 72,268 23,639 55,891 6.89.2 398 3,555 901 8,559 25.69? 721. 2.266 160 - 15,8768 1.8 0.6 4.8 9.5 0.0 3.6 7.0 13.3 31.8 6, 0 0.2 2.0 0.5 6.9 1h.6 0.7 1.3 8.7 108.0
7700. .I oo 710. 721 181 3,2 07 766 - 685 167 993 4,588 112 - 727. 77 166 3,262 - 3? -- -7.6
% 6.2 172.6 171.-8 6.6 - 6.0 1.2 5.71 26.9 0. . . . 97 -31.8 IT08.
N-t.a.0.17 m10.-. N.. 10,918 :283 35,152 22,062 18 75,351 "18,879 9.780 33,875 13,067 6,657 5.110 6.276 22,1.26 22, 67 - ,830 2M898 86 5.0 0.1 76.0 70.0 0.7 7.0 6.3 4.7. 15.6 5.9 3.0 2.3 2.9 10.2 70.3 - .0 0.0 0.1. 08.81
80.00 71.1.1. 80~~~~~N. 1,063 :714 36,6,59 6,77 703 17,86 ?,M0 3.799 22.260 12,517 16,261 5,621 2,10.6 13,256 99.519 -2,566 - - 81,637% 7.5 70.1 I 15.9 7.8 0.0 2.8 3.7. 1.7 9.7 5.6 7.1 2.6 0'.9 5.8 43.3 -1.7 - 00.8
71.t.1 P,d..t. 710. 8,761 759 7.740 6,616 700 2,201 6.7.69 9.887 61,917 7,688 321 10,060 3,015 13,678 59,653 k 6971 I7 1 775,88 5.0 3.6 7.6 2.6 0.1 7.3 3.7 5.6 23.8 1.0 0.2 5.7 8,9g 7.7 313.9 -2.8 0.1 - 0.0 700.0,
1001-01rio 7-h1..y N.. 8,366 2,1127 22,7785 75,770 - 2.505 8,766 23.137. 57,011 13,7.0. 7,505 25.638 827 15,668 56,63 - ,713 063 -30 88.3)"
8 3.2 7.1 77If.9 6.1 . .0 3.6 9.0 19.7 5.2 0.6 9.9 0.3 7.2 21I.1 I 3.2 (7.2 - 0.0 1IW.
711.ete7o M1.66.L,7 No. 763 16 6,7790 2,4,62 32 687 9,352 8,232 28,029 22,915 13 7,137. 1,3:73 3,506 38,315 -3,77 60 -- 721.5ki7
% 7.6 72.0 7.1I 2.0 9.0 0.5 7.7 6.8 23.1 18.9 0.0 5.9 1.1 2.9 I73. 3 -3.7 87.0 - - 708.C7
T- Wtpo Sqoipoo 71.. 77,556 5,382 17,7020 76,036 III 5,608 17,907 56,365 72,8643 43,219 1,593 13,066 76, 261 60,961 79,007 7.72 9,26.7 161 229 69 403,961.,4.6 7.3 6.7. 3.5 0.0 7.3 2.9 76.0 10.0 0.7. 3.2 3.5 10.1 79.6 0.1 2.3 0.7 0.1 0.0 788.0
770.0011.o.o,o. 80~~~~I. 4.674 781 7,735 4,571 1 ,467 37.2 1,017 8,277 66,910 7,252 156 4.879 9671 32,325 223,577. - 0 ,9 7, 26 - 38,866189 3.6 7.1 77.8 3.2 7.7 0.3 0.8 5.9 32.6 6.9 0.1 3,5 0.8 73.3 '7.0 - 6.5 .1. -
206bt.1. 8.. 241,4,03 67 2796 209,7007 388,593 7, 965 776,267 180,835 356.260 893,248 223,060 51,397 751,666 62, 787 366,501 0361,751 2,252 75,37'1 2,796 630 1,829 6,306.0911
:8 :7.6 71.9 ,. 9 9.0 0.2 6.7 6.2 8.3 20.7 5.2 1.2 3,5 1.7 8.5 9.6 0.1 7.7 11.1 0.0 0.0 MA.7
!6o0007 Om .. 2,7,37 782 L6,794 7,780 - 2 38 6,376 2,999 7,396 767 6917 768 3,676 6,687 7,166 a 87 1625 87 - 1 37 68,367:8 7.0 ..6 I0. 1 7.6 . 0.5 9.0 6.2 15.3 7.6 1.0 7.6 7.6 13.8 76.0 0.2 37. 77.2 - 0.3
706.1 Nl,. 243,760 82,7763 277,7907 392, 373 1,965 776,685 785,209 359,259 90C0,666 223,875 51,097. 752,234. 66,o72 377 .180 863,095 2,336 76.996 2,779 630 .,960 4,35h,16.1
'7~.6 ..9 6.9 9.0 0.2 6.1 6.3 8.2 20.7 7,7 1.2 3.5 7.9 0.5 79.6 0.1 7.8 77.1 0.0 0.0 800.10
0 C 700. -p6oy.o,L 577.7 77,.7 62.7 Io. 96.6 35.6 56.5 60.6 62.3 42.7 60.6 95.7 50.7 MG. .9.0 70.0 37.2 5.8.8 76.0 76L.6 57.2
M-L..: P.ro-W-,. W. 07 odd W 00703. -le70 70070.
257 79~~~~~~~~~~~~~A,66w 7.7;11 I,k 700617 .776 170,766 105.,77 'tiZZ0,07 706,076 024,775 57,796 152,7.99 60,669 372.169 66,7,267 7,336 76,2d17 2,779 630 1,960 h.373.83880,0, ~~~~~~~~~~~3, 6 7,79 2) , 7. "I,3 7,730 62,369 17,~55 7,730 34,779 53,650 1?, 95 3,015 i30,001- 6
Fl.t.10 -7 72,7,60 635.101 7319 .227.9~5 - 773,266 . 153,;2.. 270 7 ,6979 - 3.722 1)5,66(L - 4.2 9,671 1259,196701209. A C-o].L70. 725.3X).) ;,,,,10 16, C230 775,730 . 05,000 72,706 2206, 67 520,o" 77-,500 225.10I) 76,6,) 46,0.X - 57.0,700 7,7Om7 766,00o 7,33 ,10 , 2.795.0OD
7o.2. 7.772 75,6,757 5:6,7L06 S 57, 7173 7,77 5,77767L?,31 1~,074 70.t)5 1 7,60,1777 503,671 777,655 276.70I 7 I 7.7I:-6 376,776b 1.72, I6 7,733 1746,4.12 7,27 2,630 73,631 8,509,8107
S,,o.e SLo0OoO7Co7 AlIrac~ f the27 !nOo-,'in-, seIn 00,-tOO 1r707, bb. 7 0
T.BLE 10
SRARE OF OMVWWRTNIYMIET PURCHASES. EXPORTS ARD IMPORTS ON
i_E_T OUTPUT _--' -.-=VS7f.U B',l.BCHES IWI:iDIt A 9l63777,
Sha.re of Rnatio of Ratio ofGovt. Share of Imports to Imports to
odAe ra n,c nSrd 7-+c ri+,+. V- AAdjri
0J F oou 2.7 I °%.L 3.0L4
C_L Beverages C.4 8.6-
LL mOU5CUO 1.2 U.L 0.0J
23 Textiles 3.9 7.8 ltO 1.2
24 Apparel 2.'3 177 0.4 0.4
25 ,Tood Products 2.8 0.1 0.3 0.4
26 Furniture 2.4 8.7 6.3 0.3
27 Paper n.a. 1.8 15r5 40.3
28 Printing 27,0 0.5 6.2 6.3
29 Leather 8.2 5.2 0.3 0.4
30 Rubber 61.7 204 2.5 9.7
31 Chemicals 8.9 .3.1 15.6 23.4
32 Petroleum 43.6 11.2 304 148.8
33 N,1onmetallic Minerals 24.7 6.6 54 12.7
34 Iron and Steel 22.4 1,2 10.9 19.0
35 Metal Products 2.1 1.4 6.6 8.5
36 Nonelectric 1-1achinery 23.6 09 4h1 4.5
37 Electric Machinery 22.6 0.5 31.5 32.8
38 Transport Equipment 34.5 0.2 30.3 32.7
39 Miscellaneous 505 2.6 11.2 11.5
31101 Fertilizers n,a. 0.0 24.6 107.2
334 Cement 60.1 n.a. 0.1 7.5
34101 Basic Ironi & Steel 9,5 0.6 1l.7 38.8
342 Nionferrous Metals na,r. L.1 36.2 199.0
Source: Calculated from input-output tables for 1963 made a-7ailableby t.,. (.'.I- I I In t of co r.s a PoC1 -
I
TABLE 11
.Number of indu7striaL1 Tice:nses Issued 195(-1966
Yeex NU SE NA COB Shifting T3taJ.
1956. . . . . . . . 189 216 76 95 9 5851957. . . . . . 138 280 74 107 13 611958 . . . . . . . . 112 243 105 208 ' 67'j
1959 . . . . . . . 317 322 267 295 21 1L,222196o . . . . . . . . 708 477 386 283 36 :1,89:1961 . . . . . . . . 516 428 318 E87 39 :1,388
1962 . . . . 455 378 177 65 37 :,11:21963 . . . . . . . . 290 342 225 93 214 9714196W4. . . . . . . . 143 456 128 146 13 786
1965 . . . . . . . . 121 281 68 145 15 530'196 . . . . . . . . 13 178 80 142 10 42.3
GRFND OTA . . . . . . 3,102 3,601 1,904 1,366 226 10,199
Note: Data on the vaLue of tlhe investment licensed, or the average size of the unit,, are notavailale but .-e believed to have risen since 1956. Si-nce 1963, a limi.ted relaxation oflicensing requirements means t]hat the issue of new licenses tends to lag blehirLd investmenttrends.
Source: Report of the :Industrial Licensing Policy Enquiry ComnLittee, 1969
NUJ New Undertaking NA : New ArticleSE Substantia:L Expansion COB : Carrying on Business
Explan abory Nate orn Inlvesti-1nen11t n"juir111des
There are no official investment estimates in India, butTables 12-25 -Lhich follo7- are our attempt to assemble some rele-vant data, especially on the public sector. Table 12 consistsof Plan outlays. These are not synonymous uith capital formationsince they include a certain amount of current expenditure, buton the w.hole these data are a reasonable guide to overall trends.Table 13 is, in a sense, the master table and attempts -to bringtogethaer the best available public and private manufacturingsector investment estimates and to deflate them into constantpriGes. Thae private sector estimates are derived from thosecalculated in Volume II, and the public sector from the succeed-ing tables. Tables 14-18 are taken from the consolidatedbalance sheets of all undertakings covered by the Bureau ofPublic Enterprises, excluding promotional and developmentalundertakings. These data thus include investment financed byall souirces, including the enterprises' owm depreciation fundsand reserves. The investment estimates given in these tablesare as comprehensive as we can make them, and are thus slightlyhigher than those given in Tables 19-224. The latter classifica-tions of governmental investment cover the same DuoliC sectorenterprises, but include ondlyr those funds *which pass through thecentral government budzet. These data are oenerally reliahlebut it cannot alwrays be assumed that funds disbursed to anarticriJar enternrise -vill become hsical ast in the snmeyear. All these BPE data exclude investment in the largedepartnentall~r-.i factoriesj such as thiose operated by theRailway Board. Lastly, Table 25 is taken from the Reserve Bankcf India source . For reasons exolaied in the text it is notconsistent -Ti h the preceding tables.
TABLE 12
YEA;RIY P[AN OUTLAYS 1950/51 to 1968/69
(Rs. Crores)
196'6- 1966- 1967- 1i967- 1968-1967 1967 1968 19?68 1969appro- antici- appro- anitici- appro-.
1951- 1952- 1953- 1954- 1955- 1956- 1957- 1958- 1959- 1960- 1961- 1962- 1963- 1964- 1965- ved pated ved paled vedSectors 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 195'9 1960 1961 1962 1963 1966 19c65 1966 outlay expm- outLa e n outhy
Agriculture & Commrk-unity Development. 29.33 29.913 46.00 75.79 108.79 69.01 B5.82 109.16 124.87 ILO.14 11i8.08 173.51 207.71 252.09 307.43 349.91 330.92 374.24 :362.99 327.58
Irrigation andPower. 83.37 97.79 111.52 13L.4l 158.79 162.52 160.96 164.71 176.37 200.90 245.48 295.9'; 381.93 453.15 537.5;2 501.64 546.48 52L.28 542.00 494.57
Industry andMining. 10.62 9.39 18.36 2'L.51 36.95 81.52 227.28 279.34 268.85 218.56 232.51 293.69 386.17 I426.20 544.L46 528.08 558.32 562.43 '563.97 580.148
TransEport & Comm-unication. 68.75 63.79 85.68 133.76 165.83 216.93 286.72 283.89 234.14 278.07 296.50 374.55 459.73 5;06.20 474.73 430.93 423.12 416.65 419.04 428.12
Social Services. 64.57 63.97 68.33 91..13 123.91 87.93 106.69 143.64 185.51 206.47 191.72 230.4'1 257.82 324.79 4014.99 305.39 267.35)
Miscellaneous. 2.96 2.61 13.15 22.32 19.64 L4.92 16.72 20.70 20.57 26.89 :L3.48 14.36 20.18 17.39 24 .334 29.37 15.30)
TOTAL 259.60 267.53 343.04 547'.92 613.91 632.83 884.19 lO0OL.44 1010.51 1071.03 1127.77 1385.55 1713.54 1981.82 2293.17 2145.32 2141.49 2235.50 2230.13 2346.97
Source: Derived from Planning Commission Data
TAELE 13
&ST¶'UThS OF GROSS !WSW11-J1N -UBLIC AMD PE3VATI sz-.0ri tHdFACTUR&ING LDSTRL (Co r 3'eo Only)-
1950/51 to 1967/68(Ra. Crores)
1950/51- 1952/53- ]954/55- 1966/67 1967/681951/52 1953/54 ]955/56 195/S/57 ]957/58 1958/59 1559/60 1960/61 1561/62 1962,/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/6 __-t ) (.t-)
1. Total Private Sector Corporate Investment 200 160 80 330 350 250 450 680 6,67 709 719 861 1078 (1150) (1100)
2. % 2/anufacturingY (80) (80) (80) (80)) (80) (80) (80) 80 82 82 83 84 86 88 90
3. Private :[nvestmient in Manufacturing (lx2) 160 130 145 265 280 200 360 540 5.47 581 597 72.3 927 3l12 99CIof whiLch: a. Fixed Assets 125 105 100 1140 200 210 270 370 l358 390 454 485 566 600 60C0
b. Inventories 35 25 45 125 80 - 10 90 170 189 191 143 2313 361 hl2 390
4. Public Sletor Investment (from Table 14) 12 25 30 70) 200 220 195 158 08 231 316 322 390 3461 569of which: a.. Fixed Assets 10 20 25 60 170 180 160 125 201 190 260 28,4 347 318 370
b,. Inventories 2 5 5 10 30 40 35 33 37 41 56 31 43 143 195
5. Total Inrrestmernt (3+4) 172 155 175 335 480 420 555 698 755 812 913 1045 1317 1473 1555'a. Fixed Issets 135 125 125 200 370 390 1430 495 559 580 7T14 769 913 918 970b. Inventories 37 30 50 135 110 30 125 203 226 232 199 2765 404 555 585S
6. Investmeit Cost Deflator for Indusitry 74.t) 82.8 85.4 90.8 94.2 96.8 98.0 100.0 103.8 107.0 112.0 115.7 131.5 l146.7 153.3
7. Total FiLxed Investment at 1960/61 Prices 182 151 146 220 393 403 1439 495 539 542 638 659 694 626 633Private (3a x 6) T7I TY WII I3;7 7I 7 17i TM 1; D 1 w yi391Public: (4a x 6) 12 21 29 66 181 186 163 125 ]94 178 233 243 264 217 232
1/Investment in the non-corporate sector is large, but unknown. The MCAER estimated thal; in 1955/56 to 1955/60 investment by the non-corporate soector averaged Re. 1L5O Crores a year inmachinery aund equipment alone, (NCOAE "Savings in India," New DSLhi, 1965.)
_/i.o., exclu.ding mining and plcatation cmpanies. 1961/62 to 1965/66 data are actuals i'rom Rti data, remaLinder are estimates,
N.B. These data are not sufficiently reliable to justify firm conclusions on year-to-year changes.
Sources: (a.) Rows 1, 2, and 3 are based essentiaLLy on RBI survey data. 1961/62 - 19i5/66 are froa Tables 5 in Volume II. Subsequent data are estimiates based on produiction, import, andstocks data for capital goode. 1950/51 - 1959/60 datai are based onr the RBI s publication "Financial Statisticsi of Jcint Stock Comapanies in India, 1950/51 to 1962/63, withcross-ref,rences to ASI and CMf data as published by the CSO. Unfortunat,ely, none of these data are fully reli;able, for reasons dliscusied in the text.
(b.) Row 4 is based on Bureau of Public Enterprises data for 1960/61 to 1967/68, which is believed to be reasonably accurate. Non-manuifactuxing companies are excluded. Datafor previous years is from the NCQER publication citedl above. For 1960/61 to 1967/68 see TELble 11.
(c.) Row 6 was supplied by the Planning Commission.
TABLE 14
ANNUAL PUB3LIC SECTOR INVESTMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY, MINING, AND TRANSPORT
Rs Crores 1]960/61 to 1967/68
1960/61 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1967/68
1L. Total Investment from Table18 12/ 189 233 253 317 353 398 502 5722. Plus, Oil and N2atura/ Gai/Comission- (est.) 12 18 24 31 45 1 1L6 31
Railways Factories- -- 3 4 19 12 17 17 (15)S,tate Government Enterprises- 12 16 19 24 30 35 145 47
3. Grand Total- 213 280 300 391 44o 451 580 665
of which, Inventories-/ 64 L5 49 60 71 53 50 198 231Fixed and Other Assets-- 168 231 240 320 387 401 382 434
4. Mining En4e,rprises-7/ 46 63 64 65 98 49 77 70j. Transport-- 9 9 5 10 20 12 42 26
6. Manufactur ing Enterprises-/ (3-4-5) 158 208 231 316 322 390 461 569213 25 300 391 75 ;:5
l/i. e. all concerns included by the Bureau of Public Enterprises except promotiona:L and. developmental undiertakings.'- Hitherto classified as a "developTentELl" undertaking, although in fact it has become an oil and gas producer.-3/Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Varanasi Diesel Works, & Perambur Coach Factory. (Data supplied by the Railway Ministry, includesI a large item entitled1 "suspense" believed to include work in progress ancd inventories.)_V Very rough estimates based on RBI sample surver and "Comnerce" magazine, June 22, 1968.:'/Not really very grand1. There are over 350 central, state m7td statutory corporations, etc. in the public sector, and doubtless
several have slipped through the net. No comprehensive stat'istics exist on the public manufacturing sector as a whole, adlthoughthe! Bureau of Public Enterprises does a sound 3tatistical job in its anmnal repor-t.
(6 /Using the percentages from Table 16.,INeyveli Lignite, National Mineral Development Corporation, National Coal Development Corporation, O.N.G.C.,7,Indian Airlines Corporation, Air India, Shipping Corporation of India, Mogul Line.
-i The residual. Includes large numbers of small non-manufacturing enterprises such as Ashoka Hotels Ltd., whose inclusion maycomrpensate J'or other omissions (note 5). Includes oil compLnies except (.N.G.C.
TABLE 15
CUMULUTIVE INVESTM94T IN OPERATINC AND NON-OPERATING PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES 1160-1968
Years Ending Marcia 31
(Rs. Crores)
CumuLative Investnent in: 1960 1961 196:2 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
A. Cperating Concerns 691 831 10L14 1,]69 1,3 62 1,671 ',185 2,892 3,432
1. Fixed Assets !510 653 818 9115 1,002 1,150 1,461 1,847' 2,2862. Work in Progress and Unallocated 3cpenditure 95 56 37 55 115 245 393 537 4343. Inventories 86 122 159 199 245 276 331 508 712
B. Undertakings under Construction 61 11.0 160 258 _382 426 310 105 137
4. Fixed Assets, Work in Progress, etc. 58 103 147 237 349 382 278 9L4 1305. Inventories 3 7 13 21 33 44 32 11 7
C. Total Investment in Fixed Assets, etc. (1+2+4) 663 812 1,002 1,207 1,466 1,777 2,132 2,478 2,850D. Total Investment in Inventories (:3+5) 89 129 172 220 278 320 363 5159 71.9E. TOTAL (C+D or A+B) W 17,7 1 77M T7 ,7I IT '2 T 7 .299r 7
Ratios (% of Total Inrestmesnt)
Inventories (D t E) 12 114 15 15 16 15 15 117 20Investment in Operating Concerns (A + E) 92 88 86 82 78 80 88 96 96Produictivie Investment_7 (1+3) as % of E 79 82 83 78 72 68 72 79 84
-/i.e., exclading all work in progress
Source: TabLe 17
TABLE 16
ANNUAL IMNESTMENT ]N OPERAThIkG AND NO)N-OPErAT2ENG PUBLIC SECTOR ENTEEPRISES
Rs Crores 1960/61 to 1967/68
Aninual. Investment i:n: 1960/61 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/6$ 1.965/1i6 19616/67 1967/68
A. Operating Concerns - 1L40 183 155 193 309 514 707 540
1. Fixed Assets -L43 165 97 87 148 311 386 4392. Work in Progzess and Unallocated Expend:iture *-39 -159 18 60 130 148 1442 -1033. Invefntories 36 37 40 46 31 55 177-/ 2O41,/
B. Undertakings under Construlction 49 5C$ 98 1.24 44 -116f -205 32
4. Fixed Assets, Work in Progress., etc. 45 4) 90 112 33 -1042 -1843/ +365. Inveintories 4 6 8 12 11 - 12 - 21 - 4
C. Total Investment in Fixed Assets, etc. (1+2F4) 149 190 205 259 311 355 346 372D. Total Investment in Inventories (3+5) 4o 43 48 58 42 43 156 20()E. TOTAkL (C+D or A+B) 23 2 -37 5 T77 7 77
Ratios
Inventories as % of Total Annalal Investment (D ii E) 21 18 1.9 18 12 11 31 35Operating Ccncernas/ as % of Total (A 1 E) 74 79 61 61 88 129 141 94
1/;t' Only this part of total capital formation is captured in the ASI siurvey.21 small part of this increase (about Rs 20 Crores) is accounted for by the increased holdings of trading corporatiorns such as the S.T.C..When undertakings undier construction become operating concerns, the corresponding assets are transferred from line B4 to line Al;
this accounts for the negative figLres in B4.
Source: Table ]L8
TABLE 17
CUMULATT IV EETND1 YPIHflTTTUV REN rXYED A'C-SVE A-n T ETORTvES nOF PTTUT Tr ETEP!)RTSECS
Years Ending March 31(Rs Crores)
1960u 1961. 1962c 1963 196U4 1965) 1966 L967 1°6
A. Hindustan Steel Ltd.Fixed Assets at Cost 350 468 572 635 6614 725 775 865 997+ Work in Progress 90 52 24 31 67 108 154 134 81
SUb-Total LUUU oeU :yo 666 731- 3 3) 929 999 -L UI
+ Inven tory 31 46 63 84 103 110 91 148 175TOTAL T; 5T -M -700 1=;11I 7 I=3
B. Other Running ConcernsFixed AsSetS at Cost 160 185 246 280 338 425 686 982 1,289+ Work in PrOEress ?
Unallocated Expendit1lre 5 4 13 24 48 137 239 403 353Sub-Total 17 Tw 259 r 37 36 562 95 7T+ Inventory 55 76 96 115 142 166 240 360 537
TOTAL 7 n 52; 72 1-,16 r ,77 2 ,179
C. Undertakings Under ConstructionFixed Assets at Cost 19 42 103 114 169 20lJ 105 42 30+ Work in Progress &
Unallocated -e rl; +11-e 6A 41l 123 180 178 173 52 100Sub-Total 7 I .-7 -47 3 94 -13+ Inventory 3 7 13 21 33 44 32 11 7
TOTAL -zi IIm loO -7 f 426 310 1 137
IP-AIND TOT 'PTIAL 7r:o ni., - e,71. -1 1'47 -I 71.1. ' oo7 2 L,o9 ) QQ7 E4 C-)
Coverage: Includes all industrial and commercial concerns submitting reports to Parliament, except promotionaland developmental undertakings, and financial institutions. Included therefore are IA(, Air India,etc., but the Oil ancd Natural Gas Commission, ICICI etc., are excluded, as are State Governmententeorprises And Tan tmentannl ,,nAcr±nina such, as C1ta+ranAn, Locomotive Wo-rk- Nmew enterpri-es
are added each year, and others are changed to higher categories.
Source: Balance sheets of industrial concerns, as published in "Annual Reports on the Workings of Indus-trial and Commercial Undertakings of the Central Government," Ministry of Finance - Bureau ofPublic Enterprisses, 1960/61 to 1067/68.
EXPENEITUIRE ON FIYED ASSETS AND INVENTORIES OF PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRIISES
Years Ending March 31
1960/'61 1961/62 1962/6' 19563/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1967/68
A. Hindustan Steel Ltd.Fixed Assets at Cost 118 lOh 63 29 6] ',0 90 132+ Work in Progress -38 -2,8 7 36 41 46 -20 -53
Sub-Total Wo 70 102 9 7C7+ Inventory 15 17 21 19 7 -19 57 27
TOTAL 93 9 7 10
B. Other Running ConcernsFixed Assets at Cost 25, 61 34 58 87 261 296 307+ Work in Progress &UnalLocated Expenditure -1. 9 11 24 89 10)2 L6h -50
Sub-T'otal -7 I 7Z T7; _77 7 5 * Inventory 21. 20 19 27 21 7L 120 177
TOTAL -7" T75 77 157 MU 777 TK
C. Undertakings Under ConstructionFixed Assets at Cost, 23 61 11 55 35 -99 *-63 -12+ Work in Progress &Unallocated Expenditure 22 -1.7 79 57 -2 15 -L21 +h8
Sub-Total -9T" TTE 7L5 I1: 33 -(1 0-1U 77+ Inventory 4 6 8 12 l -L2 *-21 -4
TOTAL 49h ' 127 '
GRAND TOTAL 189 2 33 253 317 353 398 !5Q2 572
Goverage and Source: See preceeding tabl.e.
TA]3LE :19
GOVErdIA4ENT INVvSTKENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR INDUSTRY(CU4MmATIVE -LBY aR.ANCH OF INDUSThtY
Years Ending March 31
(Rs. COrores)
1961 19652 :L963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968
Steel 6113 675 7214 804 890 981 1,067 1,179
Engineering -.- 198 l269 35.5 490 622 833
Chemicals 1315 172 198 220 282 350
Petroleum 110 :170 2141 295 337 378
M.ining and Minerals - - 1045 130 158 181 234 273
AviatiLon amd Shipping 47 75 81 92 101 120 139 143
Building and Repairing Ships -9 9 10 11 13 18
Trading _. ) ) ) 15 25 71) 1414 ) 1314 ) 814
Others (Iniclu(iing Financial Institutions) _- _____ ) 102 122 88
TOTAL 973 1,:133 l,1407 1,780 2,037 2,415 2,841 3,333
Note: This breakdown of investment in industr-y consists of teuity participations, plus loans disbursed from cr throughthe Centra:l and State GoernPnment-q- nn Mar-th 3L; 1966 the Cent:ral G3overnment accounted. for over 95% of suchtotal investment. Excluded from the totals are workin;g capital (generally financed by the State Blank of Indiai)and investTrient financed by the enterprises out of thei:r cwrn net ea:rnings (generally negligible). The figuresare thus s:Ligh tly :Lower than thne comprehensive investment figures in Table 17.
Source: Annual Reports on1 the Workings of Industrial and Coimnercial Undertakings of the Cent.ral Government, 1960)/61tlo 1967/68, ]3ureau of Public Enterpr:ises, Ministry of Finance.
TABLE 20
ANNUAL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR I _STRY. BY BRAI'CH OF INDU'STRY
(Rs. Crores)
1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 15965/66 1966/67 19 67/68
Steel 57 49 80 86 91 86 112
Eng:ineering -- - 71 86 135 1:32 211
Chemicals -- -- 37 26 22 62 68
Petrolelum -- __ 60 7-1 54 42 4i
Mining and Mine:rals -- -- 24 28 23 53 39
Aviatiori and Shipping 28 6 11 9 19 1L9 4
Bui:Ldi ng and Repairing Ships -- -- 0 1 1 2 5
Trading and others (incl. financial inst.) (75) (219) 90 -co 33 30 12
TOTAL 160 274 373 257 378 426 492
Notes and Source: See Table 19.
I-B,. 21.
GOVERNMENT lNVEi DMENT IN PRINCIPAL CONCERNS (CUMULATIVE) 1961 - 1968
Years Ending March 31(Rs. Cores)
1961 1962 1963 1961, 1965 15066 1]967 1968
Hindustan S'teel Ltd. (HSL) 618 675 721, 80t4 885 960 1,028 1,083Heavy Engineering Corp. (HEC) 7 24 62 10)l 1140 142 186 211Neyveli Liignite Corp7. 49L, 762 / 951/ 1131/ ]29 145 159 175Indian Oil Corp. 1 - 2- 76- 71- 99 143 156 154National Coal Development Corp. 49 59 70 88 1.05 128 154 167Oil and Natural Gas Commission 20 36 58 86 130 133 147 168Fertilizer CorporatiLon of Inclia (FCI) 52 64 72 82 91 104 125 137Bhiarat Heavy Electricals 40 63 105 143Heavy Electricals (India) Ltcl. 26 ) 37 7 2/ )2 66 84 98 1045,HiLndustan Aeronautics 19- 22-: 2:- 25 28 441 55 160-~Air India 19 32 32 32 36 36 49 (49)National Mineral De-velopment Ccrp. 2 4 9 14 18 24 46 (540)Indian Drugs and Pharamaceuticals -- 1 14 ;L3 22 35 46 58Indian3 ;kines Corp. 17 25 26 29 29 31 43 45Other9- - 59 7 4 126 31 122 201 5696/
Sub-Total 948 1,088 1,320 1,65'7 1,d849 2,191 2,598 3,273
Promotional and Developmental Undertakings (20) (40) 81 1:L7 1]82 217 236 53F:inancial Institutions (equity only) 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7
TOTAL 973 1,133 1,407 1,780 2,037 2,,415 2, 841 3,333
-/ Indian Refineries Ltd.2 "lHindustai Aircraft Ltd.I/- ,46 others in March, 1967; 22 others in March, 1961.,,,Fluctuations in this residuLal indicate that some of these data are unreliable.2/Some hitherto unrecorded foreign loans are included for the first time; the actual increase in loans ancd equity wtas6 ,Rs 58 crores (p. 177, 1967/'68 B.P.E. Annual Report).!Partly due to increasing stocks, partly to reclassification of accoluts, and partly just inexpLicable.
Note: This brecakdow of investment in trv nonsists of equity participations and loans disbursed from theCentral and State Governnents and from private parties both local and foreign. (On March :31, 1966 the CentraiGovernment accounted for over 95% of total investment. Excluded from the totals are wurk:ing capital(generally financed by the State Bankl of' India) and investment financed by the enterprises out of their ownnet earnings (generall]y negligible).
Source: Arnual Reports on the Workings of Industrial and Commercial lUndertakinigs of the Central Government, 1960/61to 1967/68, Bureau of PTiblic Enterprises, Ministry of Finance.
TABLE 22
GOVRNMENT INVE3TMENT IN PRINCIPAL CONCERNS EACH YEAR
1961/62 to 1967/68(Rs. Crores)
1961/62 1962/63 196 3/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1967/68
Hindustai Steael Ltd. (HSL) 57 49 80 81 75 68 55Hieavy Engineering Corp. (HEC) 17 38 39 39 2 44 25Neyveli Lignite Corp. 27 19. 1 16 16 14 16[ndian Oil Corp. 15- 20- 26 - 27 4 13 -2liational Coal Development Corp. 10 11 18 17 23 26 13Oil and Natural Gas Commission 16 22 28 44 3 14 21Fertilizer Corporation of India (FCI) 12 8 10 9 13 21, 12]3harat Heavy Electricals ) 11 ) 15 ) 20 34 23 42 38Heavy Electricals (India) Ltd. ) 2/ ) 2/ ) ) 18 14. 6Hindustan Aeronautics 3 - 1- 2 3 13 1l4 105Air India 13 0 0 4 0 13, 0National Mineral Development Corp. 2 5 5 4 6 22 4Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals 1 3 9 9 13 11 12Indian Airlines Corp. 8 1 3 0 2 12 2
'3ub-Tota:L 4 192 192 258 287 251 328 307Others (1967)3/ j -52 40 79 -95 91 751 368
Sub-Total 140 232 337 192 342 407 675
Promotional and :Developmental Undertakings 20 41 36 65 35 19 -183Financial Institutions (equity only) 0 1 0 0 I C) 0
TOTAL 160 274 373 257 3178 426) 492
Notes & Source. See preceeding table.
TABLE 23
TOTAL GOVEFŽMENT INVESTMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES(GU MEL TI7E) -- BYTY`E-==79E---'
Years Ending March 31
(Rs. Crores)
19,61 1962 1963 1964 1965 15966 1967 1968
Land 16 17 22 25 26 35 38 4L
Buildings, Power (Utilities) and WaterSupply, etc. (75) (102) 131 204 223 284 382 473
Plant and Machinery 642 700 760 852 959 1,094 1,367 1,,665
Roads, Bridges, Railways etc. ) ) ) ) 103 112 62 70) 90 ) 109 ) 134 ) 170
Miscellaneous ) ) ) ) 8)4 169 121 249
Work in Progress and Unallocable (50) 76 181 300 45'2 551 662 544
Financial Assets, etc. (100) 129 179 229 150 170 209 291
r/I 1,133 1,40n7 1,780 2,017 2,)L5 2,81 3,333
Note: This breakdiown of investment in industry consists of equity participations, plus loans from all sources dLs-buzrsed from or through the Central and State Governments. On March 31, 15966 the Central Government accoulntedfor ovier 915% of such total investment. Excluded from the totals are working capital (generally financed bythe State Bank of India) and investment financed by the enterprises out of their own rket earniLngs (generallynegligible). Possible year-to-year changes make the classification of doubtful reliability.
Source: Annual Reports on the Workings oL Industrial and Commercial Undertakings of the Central Government, 1960/61to 1967/68, Bureau of PRblic Enterprises, Ministry of Finance.
TABLE 214
INDIA
ANNUAL GOVERNM:ENT INVEOSTMENT IN PUIBLIC' SECTOR ENTERPRISES BY TYPE OF ASSE'T
(Rs. Crores)
19611/62' 1962/63 196 3/64 1]964/165 l965/6& :L966/67 1967/68
Land 1 3 1 9 3 3
Buildings, Power (Utilities) and WaterSupply, etc. 27 29 73 19 61 913 91
Plant and Machinery 58 60 92 107 L35 273 '298
Roads, Bridges, Railways, etc. ) ) ) 17 9 -50) 8) 19 )25; )36
Miscellaneous ) ) ) 814 85 -48 '128
Work in Progress and Unallocable 26 lo0 1]19 192 59 1ll -118
Financial Assets, etc. 29 5() 50 -79 20 39 82
TDTAL ]160 2714 373 257 :378 426 492
Note and Source: See preceeding tabl.e.
TABLE 25
ANNUAL INVESThENT BY OPERATING GOVEIUN{ENT C(W?ANIES-1960/61 to 1966/67
Rs. Crores-
1960/61 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 'L966/67
Investment in:GroEss Fixed Assets 25 25 137 219 2i4 2 2114
Land 2 2 5 9 9 1:3Building 5 5 22Plant St Hachinery 16 15 141 95 172 177 155Other 2 3 3 1 1.5 19 20
Inventories 22 16 .18 :38 27 71 133Otheir Assets, Receivables, Etc. 8 4 8 60 c52 62 69
TOTAL 55 45 83 2:35 2 98 374 41.5
FinancedLz b:Depreciation 7 9 17 51 68 51 95Surplus, Etc. 3 5 6 -2 -'5 23 -31Development Rebate 3 2 4 6 5 6 '7Paid-Up Capital 27 10 12 10( 1C9 50 26Borrowing 7 14 28 145 7p1 183 194OthLer 8 5 16 '35 5c 61 1214TO'AL '2 2505 3 77
Number of Companies 45 45 ,48 147 47 68 73
Ooverage (%) (Byr value) 50 50 69 97 97 95 99
Sour-ce: Reserve Bank Df India, Department of Statistics; "Finances of Government Companies" published inBBI Bulletin, var:Lous issujes.
Coveage.: Aims to cover ope:rating, non-financial., non-promotiona'l companies wholly or mainly owneid by theCentral or State Governments. Newly registered companies aire usually included vtL1 4 afiter so-Mdelay. Coverage of companiies is measured by paid-up capitaLl. Major omissions are HSL before1963-64, Neyveli :Lign:Lte Corp. Ltd. betfore 1966-67 and Fertiliser 0orp. of India before! 1962-63.
1/ Not consistent with Tables 13 - :24. See Volsue II, Chapter VII.
PABLJ 26
INDICES OF UNDERUTILIZATION OF CAkPACI[TY B3Y IIDUSTRY GROUP (1955-64)
Number of Index of :Per Cent UnderutilizationIndustry Grroup Industries -…-
Covere(d 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1961.
Food products 5 9.83 9e8 8*5 8 .4 10.9 7.3 7.5 6.5 21.6 15.2Tobacco products 1 5.8 +8.2 9.6 6.6 27.3 16.5 o.0.6 4I.4 5.2 12.7Textile produ;cts 4 7.3 4.4 3.2 10.3 10.6 8.9 6.3 7.3 8.2 5.8Wood and cork products 1 24L.0 15.5 16.3 18.4 36.4 35.0 +17'.8 +32.2 1,49.6 +51.1Leather and leather products 5 51*'1 48.4 41.4 45.2 45.3 29.4 27.6 24..2 17.59 2155Rubber and rubber products 19 13.9 13.7 14.1 12.6 9.4 6.6 5.7 7.1 11.2 10.6C'hemicals and chemical products 24 35.9 33.9 33.4 31.8 30.6 29.4 259.0 23.9 21.2 30.0Non-metallic mineral products 14 19.7 20.6 20.2 21.6 22.0 21.1 22.1 20.,7 19.( 21.4Basic met,als 18 14.1 13.4 12.2 17.8 3.3 4.5 13.3 4.5 5.3 7.9
(a) Iron cnd steel 6 11.1 9.1 9.0 16.3 0.3 0.3 11.3 0.01 3.'3 5.6(b) Non-ferrous metals 12 31.8 39.4 31.4 26.3 21.3 29.5 25.4 31,.0 16.9 21.9
Metal products 15 36.0 34.7 38.5 38.9 40.8 41.7 23.0 22.,2 17.4 :L7.3Machinery, except electrical
machines 12 18.9 25.6 20.6 28.3 25.8 20.2 12.7 114,4 7.3 21.1Electrical machirnery and
appliances 16 18.1 15.4 11.2 14.0 11.5 7.0 8l .3 11.,7 1li7 :10.6Tra- isport eqidpment 5 30.3 12.5 22.6 33.2 32.4 27.4 22.5 18,2 16,3 :10.7
All-India Total 140 13.3 11.0 10.8 15.2 13.6 11.8 10.9 9i.4 11.0 :Lo.5
Note: (+) shows production exceelding the capacity estimated for a particular "working period" (nuwber ofdays and number of shifts).
Source: NCAER, "Underutilization of industrial capacityll 1966. Based on a very, small sampLe. Thisestimate, which tends to ovearstate utilization, is not comparable with Table 27.
TABLE 27
ESTIMATED UNUTILI2ED CAPACITY IN BROADGROUPS OF ITDUSTRIES DURING 1967-65-
Value GrowthAdded in Index,1963 in 1963 to UnutilizyPs Grores 1967/68 aranacitT
Miining, Tnrdustrien 1 1.1 i l n01 9.89Food Industries 110.9 1.083 50-54Beverage :ndustries 3 7 1.343 18.06Tobacco Industries 26.2 1.357 35.10T-vtjl Tndus+ries 3O.2 1.007 35.57
Footwear etc. Industries 2.9 1.240 0.00T .T +,, T - 0 T7 I Lnc oQP 70
.'WJv.u 1±. I ±*J. v w L *S'AI.J U O 7 * f 57*VV CU I7
Paper Industries -I 1.4I7 35.°
Printing &c PublishingIndustries 28.8 1.363 28.30
Tanneries & Leather-L ri Uj U J.'-L t:1 Ib 4f~~~~~~ i 4 .) If 00.0-.
Rubber Industries 32.7 1.298 25.0Fertilizer Industries 10.7 1.637 76.12Heavwr Chemical Industries 12.9 1.53L 40.79Other Cheraiical Industries 113.1 1.340 53.85
Refractories, Glass,Cenent, etc. 45.3 1.459 46.76
Basic Metal Industries 146.° 0.967 44.28Metal Products Industries 32.6 1. h98 62.49Non-Electrical Machinery
and Equipment 56.8 1.320 69.01ELectrical Machinery and
Equipment 54.1 1.571 45.21Transport Equipment
Indust:ries 120.7 1.120 42.46Miscellaneous Industries 93.5 1.601 44.80
TOTAL (excl. mining) 1288.6 1.205 45.90
- Shows the percent unutilized capacity based on value addeddata.
Source: "Utilization of Industrial Canacitv in Tndia,1967-68," by Raghunath K. Koti, Gokhale Institute Mimeo-granh Series No. 9. Not consistent writh Table 26.
TABL: 28
nT.C fTPTT 1TnM nF PRnnTTrT-'ArTnRTW_ arrnRnTNG TOTEE REASONS FOR UNUTILIZED CAPACITY DURING 1967-68
No4. of
Reasons for Unutilized Product-Capacity ract, 4U A L
Inadequate Demand 262 32.6
Inadequate Demand as One Among'Other' Reasons 63 7.8
Shiortage of QpA]" i39 17.3
Shortage of Raw Materials asOne Among 'Other' Reasons 39 4.9
Inadequate Demand and Shortageof Rax! Materials 31 3.9
1/'Other' Reasons-' 117 14.6
No Reasons Given 152 18.9
TOTAL 803 100.0
- Important among 'other' reasons are labour trouble (23),technical difficulties (23), inadequate finance (13).power shortage (11) and development stage (11).
Source: "Utilization of Industrial Capacity in India,1967-68." by Raghunath 'K. Koti; rnkhnlp TnsQt.itute Mim'-graph Series No. 9.
TAnLE 29
ASSESSME'P T OF IMPACT OF
IMPORT LIBERALIZATION ON CAPACITY UTILIZATION
No. Industry 1 2 3 14 5
1. Mining Industries 8 - - 7 152. Food :nriustries 11 2 6 6 253. Beverage Industries 1 - - 1 2
14, Tobacco Manufacturers - - - 2 2r, .,+A1 a T Inries - 3 1 1 5
6. Footwear Industries 1 - - 1 2
7 . 1,Tood and Furniture 1 1 1 7 1080 Fd4aper Industry 1 1 r9. Printing and Publishing
10, Tanneries and Leather L4 - 1 1 611<," iiUbber Induulstris 1.) 9 -L0
12. Fertilizer Industries - 1 4 - 5
13. Heavy Chemical Industries 3 23 5 4 35114.. Other Chemical industries 12 34 27 lo 9115. Refractory, Glass, Cement etc. 7 8 7 16 38
16. Basic Metal Industries 6 114 5 11 3617. Metal Products Industries 5 18 20 3 4618. Non-Electrical Machinery and
Equipment Industries 8 31 22 21 82
19e. ElectrIcal Machinery andEquipment Industries 3 18 8 1 30
20. Transport Equipment Industry 3 8 7 2 2021. Miscellaneous 2 9 11 - 22
TOTAL 78 185 135 119 517
% 15 36 26 23 100
Note: 1 = Not Mentioned2 = Helpful3 = Not Helpful14 = Not Applicable5 = Total
Source: "Ultilization of Industrial Capacity in India,1967-68," by RFaghunath K. Koti, Gokhale Institute Mimeo-graph Series No. 9. Based on survey results.
TABLE 30
SOURCES AND USES OF FUNDS7T-PMU "TMIr^ 0 fn PTUAV &W I TITrWDT r=M .fA WT
FJdithlJlU IUI.L ".LaLU1D rUD"L%J~ (X Kf"WhL VA±1 LL.Z. LEAJJ %JV1rn4wAtJ.AJ
(Rs. Crores)
1961 /,36 1962/63 //2 I)41963,) -1061, /65 96/
SOURCES OF FUNDS
Paid-up Capital 116 88 150 61 108Reserves and surplus 132 104 217 170 148Capital reserves 22 15 15 19 9Development reserves 36 45 56 53 62Other reserve & surplus 74 44 137 106 73
Provisions 86 73 150 96 124Depreciation 183 179 296 250 7vBorrowings 157 188 273 262 347
From Banks 113 130 125 175 241From Stat. Finl. Corporations 4 .6 12 7 10Other debentures 9 7 8 16 21Other mortgages 18 11 54 20 39Others 16 37 52 59 39
Tr-ade Dues & Oth'Le2r- 'z -a b l L zl 106 125 18 15518
Miscellaneous 1 _ .2 1
TOTAL 782 756 1,269 995 1,197
USES OF FUNDS
Gross Fixed Investment 410 377 642 455 545Land 12 12 15 8 13Buildings 69 72 113 99 99Plant & Machinery 282 253 467 301 373Others 47 41 46 48 59
Inventories 201 157 251 211 339Raw materials 61 59 127 45 116Finished goods & work in process 91 53 50 138 159Others 48 44 74 29 64
ALoar & ad.J v a-nces 116JJ Pr'6J LQ1
Investments on Securities 1 20 25 21 17Cash banb balan.ces 21 I 7 16 -24Other assets 31 39 90 108 140
TOTAL 782 756 1,269 995 1,197
Nf)t.p' t Th; ic t.nqhl P_ J c, 'hs n a.-n PlRT cm?mP-arc AT% rmesnYR%!r% fr + 1nncrw4--_5 L. t'>l I
suggested blow-up factors. Data have not been adjusted to conform with themethodology of Chanter VT of Volume II, so are not conRistent. for arampAle. withother tables.
TABLE 31
SOURCES OF FINANCE OF PROJECT COSTOF COMPANIES WHICH ISSUED
CAPITAL THROUGH PROSPECTUSES DURING 1966-67(amount in Rs. lakhs)
New OldCompanies Companies Total
1. Share capitala. Domestic sources 896.4 2,719.2 3,615.6b. Foreign sources 56.8 89.3 146.1
2. Debentures -- 766.7 766.7
3. Loansa. IDBI 8.7 1,697.5 1,706.2b. IFC 467.7 746.1 1,213.8c. ICICI 192.9 250.0 442.9d. SFCs 90.8 393.0 483.8e. LIC -- 217.0 217.0f. Other financial institutions -- 94.0 94.0g. Joint stock banks 213.9 469.9 683.Oh. Other sources -- 434.4 434.4i. Foreign loans -- 224.4 224.4
1X. Term loans 56.o 4427.8 5.4
. RLeserves 3- 1)5.4 1L,4v6.4n nnn~~~~~~~~~~ , r L i ') C
U. Defe.-redu paym,.ents 3L.5 9 4 1,1,3_.9__
2,) 221 10, °o8O.1 ,v2> o') 1.
7. Amountsn c for .v, 1 wihbreak=upn wras not
given in the prospectuses 3.0 1,641.9 1,644.9
2,224.3 12,624.0 14,848.3
Source: Department of Company Affairs,Companv News and Notes. Annual Number, October 1967.
TABLE 32
'SOURCES OF FU1ND6 OF INDUSTRIAL FINANCE COMPANIES_RIJNG THE THIRD PLAN AND 1977
Third Plan Period 1967/68(Rs CroresT- Pe r eUnt) (Rs-rTres -;7Perct)
PaLid-uLp CaLpital anid Re3serres 23.22 5.5 16.44 5?d5
Borrowings; in India (gross)Government 139.93 33.4 30.51 17.7Reserve Bank of India 23.98 5.7 10.93 6.3Banklcs and Others 14.66 3.4 2.71 1.6
Borrowings by Way of Bonds/Debentures 42.58 10.2 17.76 10.3
Borrowings; in Foreign Currency 43.10 10.2 14.21 8.3
Deposits Accepted 30.61 7.2 3.02 1.8
Sale of Investment Securities 5.55 1.3 2.80 1.6
Repayment of Loans3 by Borrowers 67.41 1.6.0 39.29 22.8
Other<s 29.79 7.1 34,52 20.1
TOTAI. 420.83 1CO.0 172.19 100.0
Source: ID1BI Annual Reports
Note: Inter-institutional flows are netted out. Institutions included are IlDBI, IFCI, :CIC], & SFC's.
TABr5 3 3
ASS:ISTANCE BYDlEVE:LD]PIF iPt@CCaANIES
(in Rs. crores)
Thirdi Plan Period 1966/67 1967/68
Underwriting & Underwriting & UnderwritinQ &Loans direct TotaL direct Total direct Total
Sanc- Dis- subscription assistance Loans subscription assistance Loans subscription assistancetioned 'bursed Sanct. Disb. SanLct. IDLsb. Sanct. Disb., Sanct. Disb. Sanct. Disb. Sanct. Disb. Szmet. Dissb. Sanct. Disb.
D'BI L1.5 76.4 1,3.5 3.0 125.0 79.4 5,5.2 43.14 2.7 6.4 57.9 49.8 26.7 39.1 1.2 2.6 27.9 41.7IFC: 131.2 78.0 1'3.8 12.4 151.0 90.4 19.3 27.8 2.3 3.4 21.6 31.2 19.7 22.1 1.1 1.8 20.8 23.9ICICI 83.0 54.1 2'3.1 1.4 1O6.l 65.5 it.0 18.:L 6.2 4.4 18.2 22.5 9.7 15.8 5.5 4.5 1,5.2 20.3SFCs 90.5 60.2 8.7 6.8 99.2 67.0 20.0 17.3 1.5 o.6 21.5 17.9 18.8 15.3 1.0 0.7 19.8 16.0SIDCs 1.3 0.6 10.8 5.o 12. 5.6 1.3 1.3 ].3 1.2 2.6 2.5 o.8 0,.5 1.5 1.,5 2.3 2.1
Sub tctal E175 2.3 7T5 36.6 9-iW 307.9 10 77 107.9 4.0 T]Z 12 123.9 75.7 923 L0.3 L. -7 'LOUT l' i - :1.1 9.5 11.1 9.5 _,_ _ _ 5.2 3.0 5.2 3.0 _ _ 8.5 5.,7 8.5 5.7
IMC' 16.7 1.8 52.2 44.7 68.9 46.5 1,3.4 4.'3 LL.4 8.6 24.8 13.5 NA NA NA NIL NA NAGrrand total OT .2 271.1 139.2 92.o 77 33 =9 T 77 -131 707 177 C 27.7 92; W87 ; 7 S i-T-7
Sources RBIs Report oni Currency and `inance, 15967-68
INDIA: AMOUNT OF LOANS SANCTIONED AND DISBURSEDBY DEVELOPMENT FINIANICE COMPANIES
(RUPEES CRORES)1 20 I 1 -- 2-r - -= 120
Sanctioned U,
100 -I °°
Disbursed II
80 __ / so__ _80
60 _e - 60
SANCTIONED , 1
/ -- ~~~~~~~~~Sanctioned '40 4 __- _ / _ 40
/0 ' "Disbursed I
2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 0'-ec---->z_ 1 DISBURSED
1955 1956 19,57 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 '66/67 '67/68
NCOTE: Strict comparabilit-y is lost because until 19f.5 the data are on an annual basis but thereafter are on a fiscalyear basis. Series I comprises IFCI, ICICI and SFCs 3. Eeries 11 includes IDBI and is on a fiscal year basis.
SOURCES: L.C. Gupta, The Changing Structuref Industrial Financ- in India, 1Q`90, andR5I, Report or. Currency and Fi-ance, I9S7- -.
IBRD -4565
TABLE 34
INDICES OF SECURITY PRICES
All India
Variable Dividend PreferenceIndustrial Securities Shares Debentures
Last Week of: (1952-53=100)
1957/58 126.6 85.4 98.91958/59 1h6.8 89.7 101.519 9/60 161.7 90.7 1 41.41960/61 182.6 85.7 100.719.61/62 192.7 82. 6 100.91962/63 160.3 80.2' 98.21963/64 167.6 81.5. 97.9196l,/65 157.8 80.9 97.3
Average of Weeks: (1961/62=100)
1964/65 86.1 101.5 95.71 965/6 76.7 9),i 93.91966/67 80.2 90.0 91.81 9A7/8 76.7 87.1 91.51968/69 81.7 86.1 92.6May 1969 94.9 87.8 93,5
SoA1r cv ReservA Bank nf Tniai BRilltin
TABLE 35
CONSENTS RECEIVED AND CAPITAL RAISED BY NON-GOVERNMENT COMPANIES
(in Rs Crores)
1 956-60 1961-65average 1961 1.962 1963 1964 1965 average 1966 1967
Consents Received:OrdinEary Shares 72.5 102.8 113.8 ll14.3 lC)1.7 53,4 97.2 8 0Preference Shares 9.5 8.7 6.0 11.7 ]1.8 11.9 10.0Debentures 15.3 21.2 43.3 15.4 25.4 21..0 295.3 18.1 0.1TOTAL 97-3 132.7 163.1 14L.,4 138.9 86,3 1:32.5 67.0 11 o.6
Capital Faised:Ordinary Shares 55.43 83.02 75.92 67.,44 78.19 67,76 74.47 55.9 55.6Preference Shares 6.37 5.88 2.47 3n71 4.81 9.85 5 314 7.4 7.5Debentures 1-0.52' 12.44 29.9() 23.,00 11.07 21.12 1L9.50 15.3 ,21.6TOTAL I72.32 101.34 108.2'3 94,15 94.07 98,,73 99.31 78.6 84.8
Capital FRaised/Consents (%):Ordinary 'Shares 76.4 80.8 66.7 59.0 '76.9 126.8 '76.6 __Preference Shares 67.0 67.6 14'1.2 31.7 4o0.8 82.8 53 --4Debentiures 68.8 58,7 69.1 149,3 43.5 100.6 77.1 _ __TOTAL 74.3 76.,3 66.3 66.6 67.7 114.4 '75.0 117.3 56.3
(Bonis Shares) -- - -- (11 . 7) (24.4:) (62.3) -- (91.1) (84.1)
Source: Reserve Bank of India, Bul1tetin,, June 1967, and "Cu-trrency and Finance, :L967/68."
Note: Capital raised in a particular year relates to conisents received in tlhat year as well as in previous years.Bonus shares are excluded.
The data on capital raised reflect only those companies which so reported to the Registrars of Companies,hence it is not fuiLly comprehensive. Private limited co-mpanies, lbanks, insurance companies and providentsocieties were exempted from capital issues controDl in November 1966. Data for 1966 and 1967 is thusnot fully comp)arable.
TABLI, 36
CAPITAL ISSUED IROUGH PROSPESCTUSES BY NON-GOVERNMENT,NON-FINANCIAL, PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANIES
(in Rs 1Lkhs'
Actual Issues Amount of which,, Amount Amount AmountNew dOld- 2/ Private 1/ Offered 3/ Amount 4/ Subscribed Taken up by Left
C,orNpanies Corpanies TotaL- Subs riptioncr- to Pablic- Underwritrte-r by Public Underwriter Unsubscribed-T ) -r27' 773) -(4)~~ --~(6) -'f 7,17 -775: (-79)
(1+2 or4+'1)
1961-62 933 1706 2639 1031 1508 :1360 NA NA Ni
1962-63 16244 4267' 591L 3406 2.505 2976 NA NA NA
196 3-64 31.37 2345' 5486 2579 21907 2503 NA NA IL
1964-65 2355 4170 652 6 1949 4,577 4301 2873 1619 85
1965-66 2561 + 19559 = 4519 873 36246 3373 1256 2372 113
Sub-Total 106,30 1L395i. 25081 9838 15243 14513 NA NA N1(3rd Plan)
1966-67 717 2920 3638 429 3209 3084 11W0 2081 20
1967-68 9551 5063 601l4 1907 4107 4056 1735 2366 6
Source: Department of Company Affairs, Ministry of Industry & Company kffairs.
Note: These datA exclude rigrhts and bonus issues, and amoumts subscribed by private limited and finanicial companies.
7/T.able 37, Items 1 - 83/,Table 37, Item 10/ 'able 37, ItEm 9
- Eor underwriters see Table 38
TABLE 37
SHARE OFFERI] AND SUBSCRIPTION
(in Rs Lakhs)
Total ToDtal1961/62 1962/6'3 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1961/62 to 65/66 1966/67 1967/68 1966/67 to 67/68
'L. Promoters, Directors,&t Friends 517 5;25 993 752 381 3168 ( 12.6) 272 ]18 390 ( 44.0)
2. Financial Institutions 88 1057 203 43 41 1L432 ( 5.7) :21 1007 1028 ( 10.7)
:3. Foreign Collaborators 216 503 800 913 392 2824 ( 11.3) 8o 347 427 ( 4,.4)
14. Existing Share Holders 46 -- 101 90 -- 237 ( 0.9) 5 4 9 ( 0.1)
5. Central-State Governments 45 1257 407 53 -- 1762 ( 7.0) 31 230 261 ( 2.7)
6. tlnderwriters 119 64 75 -- -- 2158 ( 1.) -- 7 7 ( 0.1)
7. Holding Companies -- -- -- 66 19 85 ( 0.3) 19 ]L58 177 ( 1.8)
8. Managing Agents - -- -- 32 40 '72 ( 0.3) -- 35 35 ( 0.4)
93. General Public 1608 2505 2907 ,4577 3646 152143 ( 60.8B) 3209 4L07 7316 ( 75.8)
1(. l'OTAIl 2639 5911 51486 6526 45159 25081 (1L00.0) 3638 60)L4 9652 (100.0)
Note: Fiwures in parentheises are percentagesFor Source -and Notes seek Table 36.
TABLE 38
UNDERWRITING OF CAPITAL ISSUES
(in Re Lakhs)
To tal1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 196)4-65 1965-66 1961/62-1965/66 1966-6'7 1967-68
(a) ( b -a) (7 7 (b Ta)-73 ( a__b) (a) va) (b)T TU- Ta- 7b7 TT - 6 -7:
1. Life Insurance Corporation 150 150 1L9 850 167 313 360 625 390 175 186 2113 320 343 4462 505 (66.9)
2. Industrial Finance Corporation 36 -- 150 350 238 -- 300 135 285 95 909 580 164 75 276 65 (63.7)
3. Industrial Credit & InveistmentCorporation cf India 60 -- 32 250 157 130 280 235 218 140 747 755 211 234 266 268 (66.3)
4. IrLdustrial Deivelopment Bankof' India __ __ __ 106 -- 577 40 683 40 409 5o 62 -- (90-7)
5. Unit Trust of' India -- -- -- -- -- *-- 30 525 45 105 75 630 86 175 2:L2 434 (86.9)
6. State Finance Corporations -- -- _22 2 89 LO 294 _ 289 -- 694 10 192 15 163 11 (83.5)
Sub-Total 246 150 223 1450 651 453 1370 1520 1804 555 4294 4128 1382 892 12441 1283 (73.4)
OthersL/ 873 91 598 705 1162 2:37 1023 388 760 254 4416 1675 L40 370 91)4 548 (33.5)
Total 1119 241 821 2155 1813 690 2393 1908 2564 809 8710 5803 1822 1262 2225 1831 (58.3)
(IRAND TOTAL 1360 2976 2503 4301 3373 1451]3 3084 4056
Sourcel: Department of Company Affair., Compjay News and Notes, October 1966, October 1967, August 1968For further notes see Table 36.
(a) = Shares(b) = Deben tures
21/Banks, brokers, insurance compainies, etc.(c) shows amount subscribed as % of amount underwrittoen, for 1967/68 only.
TABLE 39
PRIVATE SECTOR - PROFITABILITY RATIOS l9150/61 TO 1967 (%)
1960/61 1961/62 1962>/63 1963/64 1964/65 1965/66 1966/67 1967/68 1968
1. Gross Profit: Total Saleis 10.3 10.1 10.1 10.2 5vi;? 9h)' 8.7 7.6 ?7.
2. Gross Profit: Gross Fixeid Assets 1L. 8 14.5 14.5 15.0 14. 6 13.9 12.6 10.9 11.5
3. Gross Profit: Capital Erployed 10C.2 10.1 10.2 10.7 10.14 9.9 8.8 7.8 8.2
4. Net Profit: Net Worth 11.0 10.0 8.,7 9.5 9.3 8.7 8.8 7.3 7.6
5. Tax Provision: Profit Before Tax 38.6 43.7 52.3 51.0 50.5 51.0 _ _ _
6. Interest Payments: Gross Profits 13.8 15.1 15.5 16.3 18. 9 22.8 -- -- --
Sources: 1960/61 to 1965/66 from RBI survey of 1,333 companies. S;ubsequent years' data are linked to the B3I series, usingtrends deduced from three other surveys:
a) 813 companies, by the Financial Etpress, February 19, 1968.b) 25L companies, by the Econormic Times, July 2:2, 1968c) 167 companies, by the Financial Express, July 13, 1969.
The absolute values given by these siurveys differ from the REII results - usually the smaller the samnple, the higherthe ratios - presumably because the larger and more profitable companies aLre easier to sample first. Trends are,however, generaLlly consistenat.
Definitions: 'Gross Profit' is after depreciation but before tax, interest and managing agents' remunerations.'Net Profit' is after depreciation and after taxj, interest and mainaging agents' remunerations.'Profit Bef'ore Tax' is gross prcfit minus interest.'Capital Employed' is net fixed assets Dlus inventories and other mise11hneo,q it
'Neat Worth' is paid-up capital plus reserves + surpltus.
TA RL ' V
PRIVATE SECTOR PROFITA3ILITY RATIOS BY SIZE OF COMPANY;
Gross Profits Gross Profits Profits After Profits RetainedNumber as Percentage as Pe:rcentage Tax as Percen- as Percentage of
Size-Group of of Sales of Total Capi- tage of Net Profits Before(Paid-t) CAipita1) Companies tal E:mployed Worth T'ax
-- MI~ EXiT~ 1964- 1965- 196h- 1965- 1564_- l.965;'6•7 66 65 66 65 66 65 66
Rs. 5 lakhs - Rs. 10 lakhs 272 7.3 6.2 8.6 7.7 6.2 3.5 ]4.4 -.0.6
Rs. 10 lakhs - Rs. 25 lakhs 1h37 7.1 6.1 8.8 7.6 6.7 3.2 1)4.5 -.6.5
Rs. 25 lakhs - Rs. 50 ]Lakhs 262 7.7 6.7 9.0 7.8 7.4 5.3 16.2 7.9
Rs. 50 lalhs - Rs. 1 crore 1L85 8.7 8.1 9.7 8.9 8.8 8.0 18.0 I6.5
Above Rs. 1. crore 1L77 11.7 11.4 11.2 11.1 10.3 10.3 20e3 21.h
Total 1,333 9g. 9.!4 104 9.9 9.3 8.7 19.0 17.6
Source: Reserve Bank of India Bul:Letin, December 1967.
TABLE 41!
MET PROFIrS AND LOSSES OF MAJOR PU[BLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES 1964/5 to 1967/8
(Rs crores)
Cumul.ative Government19614/5 1965/6 1966/7 1967/8 Investment as of MKarch 31, 1968
Hindustan Steel Ltd. +3 + 2 -20 -38 1083Heavy Engineering Corp. * - 6 - 6 -13 211Neyreli Lignite Corlp. * - 8 - 6 175Oil & Natural Gas Commission -4 1 11 13 168Nat:Lonal Coal Development Corp. 2 1 - 1 - 1 167Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. 1 1 1 1 160Indian Oil Corp. 1 1 8 11 154Bharat Heavy Eliectricals * - 1 - 6 - 5 143Fertilizer Corporation of India 2 - - 1 2 137Heavy Electricals (India) Ltd. -7 - 6 - 5 - 6 104India D:rugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd. * - 1 - 1 - 2 59Min:ing & Allied Mac:hinery Corp. * * * - 5 49National Mineral Development Corp. * - 1 - - 1 46Shipping Corporation of India 2 2 5 145Indian Airlines (IAC) 1 _ - 1 _ 45Air Ind:ia (AI) 3 1 4 345Hindustan MachinerTools 2 1 + 1 - 1 28All Others in Operation +3 +18 + 2 + 8 273Undertakings under Construction, etc. - - - 241
3333Net Profit +9 +12 -17 -35+ Interest Payments 32 3-T 76+ Tax P.-ovisions 7 8 14 18
Gross Profit 45 52 51 559
Source: Bureau of ]Public Enterprises - Annual Reports. Includes profits of trading and other non-manufacturiangenterprises, and is thus not consistent with Table 42 .
* = not in operation- neg:Ligible
TABLE 42
UBLIC ;SECTOR INDUSTRY - PROFITABILITY RkTIOS )
1960/61 L961/62 1962/63 _ 1963/64 L964/65 1965/66 1966/67 L967/c8ai c i- c a b c a b e c -(et
(1) Gross Profit: Total Sales 9.5 7.9 1.9 8. 4 5.2 7.8, 7.5 7,7 6.2 8.4 6.5 6.1 8.3 6.8 2.2 9.6 4.8 4.0
(2) Gross; Profit: Capital Employed 5.2 4.1 0.4 7.7 1.7 1.8 6.7 2.5 1.3 6.2 2.3 1.8 5.2 2.4 0.7 6.2 1.9 1.5
(3) Net Profit: Net Worth 5.8 3.9 -3.8 8.0 -1.7 -0.1 7. 6 1.1 -0.8 6.4 0.0 0.5 4.6 1.0 -2.9 6.6 -0.1 -0.5
(4) Interest Payments: Gross Profits 114 19 110 62 69 66 98 72
Number of Companiies 45 48 5 + L2 = 47 5 +42 47 6 62 =68 8 + 65 73 I + 65; 73 --
a = Giant companies with paid-up capital of over Rs. 20 crores.b = Other companiesc = A11 companiesIn 1966/67 Giant companies accounted for 80% of total assets of companies surveyed.
Source: EReserve Bankc of India surveys of government companies. The RBI does ncot include companies until they are faiLrly iwell established - for exampleIEL does not appear here until 1962/63 - so these data give a generally favarable picture of the returns from public sector enterprises. The RBIsource has been uLsed instead of Bureau of Public Enterprises data far these ratios also because ncn-manufacturing concerns are excluded fromi'BI data. :L967/68 is an estimate using BPE data to project the series.
Definition: 'Gross Profit' is after depreciation but befare tax, interest and managing agents' remuneration.'Net Profit' is after depreciation and aLfter tax, interest and managing agents' remuneration.'CapitaL Employed' is net fixed assets plus inventories and other miscellaneous assets.'Net Worth' is paid-up capital plus resErves and surplus.
_ rlfl I _ITDJAU, 43
INTERNATIONAL FRICE COMPARISONS
In US $
C cmnodit Unit India U.S. Japa
Rice Metric ton 127.21 191.40 201.6o0W4heat Metric ton 111.01 6i.40a 77.64Sugar Metric ton 206.86 286.00 79.04L6
Coal coking Metric ton 4.84 26.75 32.96noncoking Metric ton 4.97 11.86 12.01
Pig iron Metric ton 48.69 66.13 9S.07Aluminum sheets Metric ton N.Q. 704.00 715,57Aluminum circles Metric ton 947.37 814.00/1 8L4.16Zinc ingots Metric ton 427.63 415.80 276.95
Cotton sheeting (unbleached) Meter 0.18 0.37 0.28Longcloth (unbleached) " 0.17 0.35/2 0.28All wool heavy weight worsted " 7.04 4.46 1.73
Mild steel plates Metric ton 128.82 135.74L7 86.89Bars and rods - 14 mm and below Metric ton 106.58 150.7077 95.65Structurals, bearing plates
and sleeper bars Metric ton 111.71 150.o04 125.15
Caustic soda Metric ton 134.87 62.72 31.28Sodium carbonate Metric ton 73.03 38.08 40.58Sulphuric acid Metric ton 43.05 64.76 66.75Nitric acid Metric ton 315.79 n.a. 114.51
Loom - plain cotton Each 306.58 n.a. 897.17Ring spinning frame Each 8,059.7h 10,206.23 8,134.50Agricultural tractor - 35 BHP Each 2,781.58 2,294.93 n.a.
Tires - average price fortruck tire Each 41.64 50.18 n.a4
Rubber shoes Pair 0.89 - 1.50/3
Note: i. Indian domestic prices, are quoted on ex-factory basis, exceptingthose of agricultural commodities, where a wPigihted average was cal-culated for main producing regions. US and Japanese prices areexDort quotations, f.o.b. ports of departure, excent when statedotherwise.
ii. All prices apply to i9o8; they were converted into the uS dollarsat the official exchange rate.
iii. N.Q. = Ncot quotedn.a. = Not available
Table 43: international Price Compaisons (Page 2)
Footnotes:
/1 Bars and rods
2 Cotton drill, twM. and sateen
/3 Korean (rubber hunting boots)
/4 Thailand price
a Canadian price $66.70
/6 World price $44/MT
/7 Domestic prices, ex-factory
Source: Index NumriDer of Whnolesale Prices in India (Revised Series)for weeks ended December 14 & 21, 1968, Office of the Economic
X,UV 5 tt:._ '_1 -4 Us1U '_- '. - A. _2 V1 TX---II B l -- U n _ _ I A-r-PA4uv1ser, VUJ_jL.L~U.U-Y U±L .11ULWUbL-.dLL LP_V",.LVjAILWAiLU aIU VU1LP.Ujd. A.LJLaLAi4-0
Government of India, New Delhi; US Exports, Schedule B Comaodity andCountry, US Departwent of Ca-rmnerce, DLW-eau of the CenSus, rT 4h/January 1969; Japan Export & Imports, Cammodity by Country, JapanTrade Association, October 1968.
Fsosoto Sitoatiso of aa1 sr.t~ k4mate1 'hs~ iWe io Indi,Clasafif .d -s ae .s of datW My 16 196
(oil data, except aqployxent, in lakhss of ruopeea)
Sales ~19646 Sales 1965/66 Net assets Net worth Gross profit Net profit h4upicyens ij,65
s ~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~11965 13,80 3,03 1,73 31 14 i
-inr/ /a-npoti 5,22 7,08 1,71 1,28 20 ID ,ili
looUgobhodro Ordostries 6,43 6,72 1,32 45 1-1 4637
lugzr 25,94 24,73 10,83 7,06 2,08 o57,-L
,d0 rigor /1 10,91 1-1,32 2,64 1;65 Bo 329,40 7,63 3,33 2,19 86 33
iis.ngar)Io-er,o,e) 5,63 5,76 L,86 3,22 40 22~ :
T.b-.os 95,82 11d,76 36,17 34,45 6,07 3,13 2,7
In.poriol Tuning /55,43 69,04 27,23 27,23 4,87 2,06 6 9Taerl sb-n 15,86 21,37 4,19 2,91 82 33 2
IornSult-n Tobaooo /2 17,57 20,06 3,19 3,19 1,75 521iou y F7tum±olp, es 6,96 8,27 Ii56 1112 63 22
lute: sestile: ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~97,97? 115,12 85,oo 38,13 5,10 9,6 q'o
-,.h.UJ, 0658 052,7 36,8 G 60) 1,2L, I
Ao,oladbod Ma-ofaotnrtg & C0511:5 Priontog 15,66 21,61 17,61 6,79 2,22 1,46 11,27)
!nuouIdustries & Cottos Mills 15,89 18,96 15,46 8,74 1,59 97ldu te llo /.I 19,64 21,75 15,12 8,00 5 5Lb 11
(96,141) (69,54)JIte! so-iles 33,39 45,45 27,18 13,39 2,49 1,55 14. 7 3.
lintl dote Monulan-soriog 11,6 18,76 12,94 8,07 2,06 1,20-~~.i Comparv 7,09~~~~Se a525 4.63 1iC 16 I0
Anl-n iaJte Mills 7,83 9,41 3,916 2,17 la 10 lOd.ukonharal Jute Mills 6,63 9,00 5,65 1,57 9 93-
(17,69) (8,59)rayon os~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~61 3oat n s50 i Cu 11 ,2 leG
bautior bayou 1~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~~6,22 37,98 i5,91 11,50 5,29 2,49~:-t-09 Spinning o 'Anuf-otmniig 25,50 29,78 13,79 9,98 4,06 1,56 12 ,w
Ceen.iealu & fiber of 1ndia 2,71 6,32 2,77 35 353(81,34) (41,55)
Trots & steel ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~387,87 463,71 11)03,96 624,59 28,92 17,10
liculuntas Steel )Soeor,nsens ) ~~~~~~~~186,52 238,82 914,22 468,62 1,67 i,6y7,9LaaIron & Steel 113,23 129,60 130,44 90,07 16,74 9p664 n
[ndian Iran & SteeL 76,04 81,95 83,95 63,66 9,86 5,55anoints 0OMpaa9 of (.dia 12,08a 13,34 2,37 2,24 65 24 .0
N.-fer-- let~~~~~~~~~~~~h; ~~(381,76) (1047,03)lts..ferroun no tale ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~33,69 36,80 57,86 32,12 8,56 6,36
ultuentas elu,uinbos ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~12,10 10,08 28,16 1 9, 1 255
ianAls,,lno 16,35 17,99 22,38 i5,88 5,03 3,17Tha/ow Inustie 6,22 8,13 7,32 3,12 72 36
ra:einnr, SOfl9005t ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~108,17 173,02 1.2,9 82_49 11,52 6,52
ate 2sgoneeri,w 6 tinonotlne ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~51,51 79,38 61,47 2 4,0C4 4,77 2,61(irosota Motors/2 32,56 39,76 23,17 15,16 4,31 3,200L-
:-elo,er -,e-m,b,,.,o 24,_10 37,4 23,331 12,07 1,22 1 120illodootan Aaroxnut:Loo)Ooeerrooaut) ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~16,46 34,93 33,22 1,22 1,22
(156,56) (107,97)12er-ul soi-y 40,45 52,L1 37,46 1.6,53 4,60 1,76
IalOonTot 1-1,39 13,54 8,61 4,,97 2,27 71L.2-:iboe..o Iota 13,94 15,39 8,51 1,40 26 10`6
Cayauinoeriuag Works 10,42 14,33 8,28 3,4 63 2d 60--2eCtroniooiIoner,oeeot) ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~4,70 9,15 i2,66 6,72 1,- 69 0
Xaollne,y ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~36,88 49,39 62,86 29,00 5,27 3,03 SC 17,1
.±eoIcsar lIo0ogione 6,47 10,87 6,26 2,23) 941 eo<'ulsan ansie rIool Gsner-ent 9,83 12,51 34,C06 16,82132,0
aruoo I fasbro /1 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~8,59 12,02 10,77 4,.09 1,27 61 ,5eutilo Munbnory Corpnrti-s 11,99 13,99 11,77 5,16 1,74 87
Ftu &n -sgi .... ng 58,27 63,25 39,21 25,94 8,00 3,44 lb /77
os/baa Thbe ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~~20,79 22,66 15,37 9,20 2,94 1,335 a..:pary o'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1,29 !1,29 5,31 5,02 1,49 5
-2-9 Ks -loo,ar 16,71 17,85 10,12 6,49 2,29 96- Ouen1- t-ots 7:48- 8,45 8,41 5,23 1,28 614
(48,96) (33,90)
TabJle 41, Corthirlu: conoeec Situation of 73 Largeat nafaCturina fttcofrie. In IDnMi. Clsairied by h hean Draw of Activity (1965/66)
Sales 1964/65 Sale. 1965-66 Net &Basta Net worth 0roea profit Net rofit Employees 1965
rerousand nc-f'errous metal produoto 57,02 71,13 43,90 32,19 9,27 3,75 27,
____ t Yeen Xilliam.26,92 28,4 2012 13135 3,57 1,43Metal Rae. /1 13,88 20,11 9,50 7,11 2,54 87I.ndian Cable 11,98 13,58 8,84 6,72 1,61 79 L G2.I.adian Steel & 'dire Products 4,24 8,98 5,24 5,01 1,55 66
Ba.lc men.utrial chermicals 109,65 123,70 159,73 84,05 9,22 4,41 2 2
.-irfiutan Lever 61,87 71,48 19,25 15,53 4,51 1,85:'erii czerSCorporarion of India (loot.) 26,89 25,i9 120,26 61,75 2 42IThall & Chemical Cor-orrtion 8,79 12,94 10,45 67 2,52 1,41 1,0,1Indl aen uvOge 12,10 14,09 9,77 6,10 1,77 73
Ivoiccees .1 parmaceuticals 12,16 29,97 53,27 16,83 6,23 2,ar
?i.zen 10,94 5,45 3,91 3,00 1,03.i-A of India /1 6,13 6,99 6,11 4,78 1,04 62 1,512Hinfas-ta -otihlnciceiouernoentj 5,72 7,24 7,24 1,54 62-lenhic Znemical 6,03 6 32 4,50 2,90 65 34
(13,31) (1o,61).Then chemical craducteC 42,32 51,83 42,22 23,50 7,23 3,52
'Unite Conc-de 15,95 18,77 1D,81 9,50 3,09 1,43 559-a; Ii PtMlls 11, 99 16,55 8,46 2,60 61 33
fats CI:eeicalc 7,56 8,49 8,63 5,29 1,55 89 n.767rhe isr. laosives ...... /1 6,82 8,02 6,32 6,i 1,96 67
.lecern Inlia Tltcoh 19,52 21,36 5,78 5,78 1,15 46 2c-
Ln-ral nils 121,68 150,00 177,78 94,96 9,37 5,5o 5,
I iar il Comsny Liaited('Jot. ) 52,43 77,82 115,87 45,18 76 76so Stanland Raefning 42,19 46,72 23,73 18,65 2,34 1,58
S-h 3srt1hell iefine.eie 13,36 12,93 34,79 27,94 5,95 3,J1TMlo - br,aOa retnc1r ................. nr 13,90 1253 3 ,39 3,1 9 32 'n n
(137,47) (174,39).ess:ncint 70,52 80,62 79,16 44,27 8,18 4,92
'.ssocia ed Z ........... en ~~~~~~~50,12 52,32 53 33 29,37 t ,57 25 -; > .oments 6,Oa 10,20 51,69 5,71 1,21 1,o c
Sneen ig,vij-v Cement 7,75 11,09 8,11 4,95 1,33 78lnia 'ement (Rhanat) /1 6,57 7,01 6,03 4,2h 1,07 52
Ha.ner paper producte 35,89 42,05 52,10 24.66 1,58 1,42 -C
neonie- piPer 11,32 15,48 25,87 8,95 39 69T'c--3g. uPape; wa 11,74 ii,72 9,35 6,25 22 22
inree Top;.l PaPt' 8,84 8,83 9,37 6,50 1,32 66Osiicnnslr Toner 3,99 6,02 7,51 2,96 - R5 - 35
(27,20) (35,22)
: n:.-:: .nvc Ivanl cv:, Aic-el Publications: "Tep 200 C,-enies' by Ecnorc and Scientific fiesemh Foundation, New D.1hi
/1 ialac eclaic eracie duty
Slve eSclose xcaine and other duties
-.0 =ci:ernen 01t unadertAloie
_.r --- i-, -r,- a:erl t t-lec nnd e oatei indicate the sun totali tor enterpr-see fur which data on employment woe -ij.lable.
VALBE 45
Buliness Behaviour Of Larges Snterprises Toonpared to uUhes Enterprises)
Growth oi' Sales (in current prices p1 PrftMri (Gross_profiti II Rtt fRtr {iIt Porfth) 16/6 l-:e fEtiyie nlzl926L/65 - 1965/66 salMrgint pa fis Rate uf Retur wo rhp ) 1hS5/66 .Nuer of Enterprises nlYsed
Largest nie AlI anies Largest companies Al co mis Llt panie All 2 ies Largest conpanies ALL coplies
No of units Mo of undLtsA. Consumer Goeds Induastrles
Edibleo oils L8.4 13.8 2.2 3.13 8.1 9.2 2 16Sugar - 4.7 10.7 8.14 9. 12.0 9.6 3 82Tobacco 23.9 18.6 6.8 7.0 9.1 8.13 4 5Cottorn textiles 17.5 5.7 4..4 4.l 9.3 1.2 13 4 256Jute textiles 36.1 21.0 5.5 4.4 11.5 5.4 4 54Silk 6 rayon textiles 44.8 23.1 4,.0 16.5 16.6 17.'3 4 Lt
B. Intermediate Goods Incustries
Paper 6 paper prod¢cts 17.2 10.4 3.7 11.,) 5.7 9.14 4 20Basic industrial chemicals :12.8 18.4 7.4 17.7 5.2 Lt.t 4 36Medicines and pharmaceuticals 9.4 16.8 20.8 16.5 14.5 15.2 4 32Other chemical products 22.5 4.1 11.9 11.2 15.0 12.2 4 23Hatches 9.4 9.3 i.14 6.4 8.3 9.1 1 2Mineral oils 23.1 7.3 6.2 14.4 5.8 7.0 4 3 t2
C. Caital Goods Industries
Cment ]L4.3 12.9 10l.1 12.3 11.1 11.4 14 16Iron sxd steel 19.5 4.0 6.2 t4..6 2.7 8.9 4 2/2Non-ferrous metals 9.2 12.2 23.3 12.7 19.8 16.3 3 6Ferrous and non-ferrous metal products 2'4.7 11.0 13.0 12.7 11.6 11.65 4 29Machinery (general) .33.9 10.4 10.7 12.14 1o.4 12.6 14 53Founiries and engineering 8.5 5.4 12.6 10.1 13.3 8. 4 4 27ELectrical machinery ;9.6 14.1 El.8 12.7 lo.8 114.14 14 47Transport ecpiipment 144.7 5.6 6.6 10.3 10.3 12.11 4
73 ~~751
/1 Includes Govermaent enterprisies
/2 Excludes Govermment enterprises
,'1 7.7 in 1964/65
Source Coefficients for largest companies calculated from Table144;coefficients for "all companies" calculated from the Reserve Bank of IndiaFinancial and Economic Review, November 1967. "All Companies" include only public limited companies, while "Largest Comrpanies"include often Government-owned industrial enterprises.
TAILA 46
Concentration Ratios and Related lti'iciency Coefficients ,xf Irdiion Industjy (1965/66)
Share of 4 Ls.rgest Cotnies in Total Irnittry in, /1 _ Eificiezry CoeffiLcients (in Rs pe Loy I Lbor or catital)Productivity of labor 'Level of Tecsnolo3" otivlty of Capital
Sales Net fixed assets lEPlo,noent (Outpt in Rs per oeled) LNet assets in Rs per on_ loyed) J Output per 1,()00 Rs Of Cap.)Largest 13 n argesat LrgestAJEnterprises Compariies EnterprLsee Cpanie hterprisee Companies
A. Constmer Good:s Industries
1. Su,gar 8.1 13.9 5.5 33,c62 22,795 1L4,750 5,779 2,283 3,S432. To'bacco 96.2 n.a. 25.1 51,015 13,3059 15,537 670 3,283 19,8393. Tart.les 9.2 18.2 5.6 17,855 12,258 11,B16 3,660 1,511 3, 348
B. Internediate Goods Irdustries
1. Paper & paper products 49.d 41.0 17.2 410,510 25,6411 50,192 21,011 807 1,2202. Chimcals 37.0 50.6 20.5' 39,189 22,528 50,856 22,122 770 1,OlB3. Petroleum products 52.2 63.5 89.C 235,272 186,694 304,261 181,720 843 1,027
C. CapitaL Goods Industries
2. Cenent 60.0 n.a. n.a. 20,500 19,046 20,129 lo,836 1,,01 1,7572. Basic meta.ls 80.5 91.3 44.8 25,576 17,448 70,1o6 38,029 364 1,593. Metal and engineering products 11.9 21.o 6.5 28,920 16,8681 25,512 8,420 1,133 2,005
/1 Including Government-owned enterprises
Source: This table was calculated from data, containied in Table 44 and 45,andin the Reserve Bank of India Monthly Bulletins.
The following Table 47 ie derived to shoe, that the largast companies are more efficient users of production factors than are all companies taken together.
OTIk1E 47
l.t-roati.mtl Comparison Uoeoe- Large-t I dian & liN-Indian Snaustrial Fotensrise (1966:
Net Profit as6ofPlajo Actifty Coomlm Sa.Les/-P1l3 2 ......e..Aos-to!oowiyee___et, profit/employee 4ssts/n.le. Sales Assets _Sales' quo~tient 1/ E.qmeo2tiquotient 1/someto ootient 1/
il,lnoasl Sboot Steel India 3,106 13,130 -270 4. -ogtle-* . 1.0 1.0OS Steel 'U.S. 21,100 27,970 1,1i.3 5.7 4.3 114.1 2.1 4.5
PremIer Aut-billes Auto-bhllos Indj_a 3,815 3,167 719 0.5 1.9 2.3 1.0 1.0 1.0General Motors U 1.S. 27,110 17.320 2,UOo 7.6 6.5 13.9 476.0) 67.0 367.0
fnies Carbide Cheedoels India 5,322 6,054 678 ].l 12.9 11.3 1.0 1.0 1.0Solon Carbide U.S. 34,020 36,990 3,530 7.1 lo.14 9.5 74.6 1-1.7 31.3
Goodyear Robbe r India 23,631 11,176 1,254 C.5 5.3 11.2 1.0 1.0 1.0Goodyear fyre 6 Robber "1 U.S. 22,75o 17,570 i,ofo '. 8 4.8 6.2 103.6 106. 7 167. 0
Phllipo India Redio., elec. eqole. Iodia 4,960 3,424 316 C'. ? 6.14 9.3 1.3 1.0 1.0Philipo 01oo1eelpe 5 ehrad ,3 2,204 393 1.3 4.3 3,2 88.13 46.3 172.0
Hindustan Iere Cbemioais ChesioAie Inddb 16,916 4,460 464 C.3 2.8 10.4 1.03 1.0 1.0nisOlo.er UK/bieth. 0,436 5,406 290 Co.6 3.3 5.3 23.4 45.0 514. 2
lndia.n Alosmisn Alumi snu lodie a4,665 6,129 626 1.3 13.3 10.11 1.0 1.0 1.0doesn Aluoi- a, Caneda 15,325 29,154 1,017 1.9 6.6 3.4 37.9 11.5 56.3
s.aior Rayson Spith. fibers India 6,659 2,956 519 7'.4 7.6 17.8 1.3 1.0 1.0ToY. &tyOO Japan 16,210O 19,050 660 3.0 3.7 3.6 9.9 3.7 23.9
G'uest .eon William Metal products India 3,057 2,975 106 1.0 3.6 3.,7 1.3 1.0 1.0Goost Kee..s1 U.K. 9,100O 9, 303 370 1. 0 1.1 4.1 26.8 6.9 27.9
Si.-e,e Ind-ia loe,- arie IndIa 5,932 4,o64 219 0. 6 o). 0 .6 1.3 1.0 1.06imoo- G ermany 7,616 6,143 159 0'.6 2.1 2.6 90.6 70.6 106. 7
hOrient Paper PprIndia 7,361 10,916 426 1.5 5.6 3-.9 1.3 1.0 1.0hood Peper Group PrU.K. 12,509 15,537 371 1.2 3.0 2.4 25.4 14.9 21. 3
Gulid Cloth & (loersl1 SIlls Tee. Textiles India 2,836 1,763 52 71. 6 1.8 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0C;ools Pa.ton S U.K. 7,497 7,110 435 0).9 5.8 6.1l 6.2 2.3 9.4
Associated Cement Cmenet !ndia 3,13.. 2,656 175 C1.6a 5.6 6.6 1.3 1.1 auAssoiotod Portland Cmeset Mfg. ' U.K. 24,367 31,543 2.222 3.3 9.1 7,0 3.7 055.7
Soorco: Competed fro5 CoMpamp resorts and from tie Fortune rageolso list of tie largest US enid international corporations.
1/ A11 quotients are the ratio of tbe fig.re or. the Indias company (salon. ass0t0 or profits) and the fore.ign company.
TABLE L8
o:usonr of Scale to. India" Snuoty
DESIRABLE AND ACi'AL SCALE CF PfUJCTION COST' BrHAVIOUR AS PINCTION OF SCALE OF PRCDDJCTIONTo,tal Actual Ulili,.atiocn Number of- Tectage fall
Minisom prudoctiurc -capacities units of Capacity in omit costs Cost rouge Year ofProduct aLit Flant Si2! (967/6S) i productio P'roduct Unit r .sge over the ra:g.. in '000 $ ref-erece
Ch-oic.al: E-eodslool:
Arr tvylne Thousand tons 90 154 /1 53 34 Acelyl-ne Thousand tonsFro"ia1ehiyde 30 7 50 5 from Ethone 9-90 48.1N- tris Acid " 90 45 67 23 Natural Gas Wulff proceos 11-90 41.5 2,000-10,740 1962O-ygen 525 1,051 62 50 Natural Gas Sachse process 45-90 14.6Methanol 135Byoro-hlurlc Acid 39 29 84 33 Ethylene: Thcusand tonsC-rboon tio-ide 90 12 o2 27 from Sthane 4-9° 5.9 830-11,520r
" Refioery Gao 23-90 24.1
SyctheLtic Robber " 100 20 66 n.a. Nitric Acid 18-90 34.2 820- 2,197
Ne.sprint 60 31 100 1 Urea 18-90 26.9 370- 6,o60
D.u.3be Cfossurer Goose: Butadiene Thcusand tUs, 24-65 11.4 1558
Refriger-tors Th-osusds 700 3d 100 5 Transport Equip.eot:fvc:ewrltsru i SO 43 65 4
Autornobiles ThcusanI uoits 50-500 36.o 15'57
Truas,or t 3to.prest:Basic Metale:
CEr I " 1,000 38 43 3Jeps 1.000 7 0.a. I Pig iron Thocuand tonu 1L50-450 27.0 191$Cosmiercial Vehicle:; 1,000 29 n.a. 6 Opeo hearth iegoto :50-15 48.0 1948Tr-ctors g 10 39 5 Finished steel products 150-1,000 54.o
Basic Metals: Rayon Theooand tour 27-60 45.6 5,600-14,000 1':58
Al,uiuiuvi Thosuand toos 200 .00 100 4 Newopriot Thousand toes 7-70 .. a. 4,675-24,000 1962
Rason Acetate " 25 2 100 1 Aluminiom Th71cmoad tour 20-200 n.a. 18,000-110,000 1962
Note: This tLblo has bies -porutec from v-rious sources. Gi..o their dier-sity, the above aomporisce con reflect only the order of magritudesand ohosold lead to brood and tentativ- conoiusiono only.
Source: .r. F. H. Potil: 'Ecosomce of Scale.: an engineering approach", mimeo, Unisverity of Bombay; V. GOpta: "ECot Functions Conceniration ani barriers of entry insa,sfacturiog industiles of Indiia, Journal of Induotrial Eco-omics, 196d; YeTog-Her Y.h: :Eossosles of Scale for IC mian Mia af-turing Tdiustries", The Scoo-ometricArnul of the ]ondian oosoeni .Joorol, lol. XIV No. 2:H. C. oss-san: `Pundamstals of Coet Ein .seering in tUe Cheeica1 Irdus'try", Chapoan & Ball, Lo.los 196.;C. H. Chilten: "Si. Te:eth Factor, appliea to complete plant coot eignceortug So poc-ss indu:itr_e"' .cOr= Hill Book Co., Nea York, 1960; F. T. Moors: Economies of Scale:Sose statistic:1 evide:ce" QJE, May 1959; IDerd N., Schooler E.W., Vietoreisc T: "Indo-trial Complex Anlysis and Regional Develonent: MIT Pess an John Wil.ey & Soss,Nea YTok 1959; Born D. "The Structure ot British Indostry" Vol. I & E], C-b,r:1ce Unielorsity Press, Londsn 1958: Bain J. S. Barriers to NeB CEepetition' Harvard U.wersity Press,125d; FK. K. . .ti: "Utol:isti-o of IG:duotsdl CaPacity in IDdio, 19b7-6d8 cokhle DI-sb tote of Politics and cwomd-s. Poona, 1:6:; Monthly Statistics of the Froduct:,o of SelectedI,dustries of India for Serterber and October 1967, Centrol Statitica,l Or.anilation, Calcutta, 196d: Report 1967-68 by the Minlsost of Industrial Oeelopemot and Co.opay AIffirs,005, NeB UEcho 196d.
2 /1 Annoal prodaction was nii tl:r:. . As so doa- conc-rnle temperatu:r .s pr.srurs -r giove, the Miosioon assoud cornal ccnditions (ic tuan) of 25 kg/cs cod 27 c, at hi-h the
converton fact.or bcoores 5 m-' = .'S.'; it.;.
/2 Annual roducti.o -J3,c:) thoas- . Is co-:-tli-_c .: in ootnote /I the cos-orcian factor is ! - I 201 kg.
TABLE 49
BENIEFITS FRM USING CAPITAL INTilSIVB TiCHNiQUis (i165/6c)
ocuct'Lv.-Lty of Labor "Level of Technology' Cost benefit result from using(output in Rs per cam employed) (Net akssets in Rs per oeE! employed) capital-intensive Leahniquez
Value added Net gain inLargest All in outlut radditional v.a. Largest All Annual
DEterprises Companies Difference (%).±.' per employee iEterprises ConsTnies Difference Flow811) (2) (3)-(-2) (4) (5)-(4.3) (6) (7) (8)-(6-7) (9)=%-) (io)=(5-59)
A. Consume r Goods Indim tries
1 . Sugar 33,662 22,795 10,887 46.6 5,073 14,750 5,779 8,971 897 4,176
2. Tobacco 51,015 13,309 37,706 67.9 25,602 15,537 670 14,867 1,487 24,115
_. Textiles 17,855 12,258 5,597 56.8 3,179 11,816 3,660 8,156 815 2,364
B. Intermediate (Goods Indurtries
1. Paper and Paper F'roducts 40,510 25,644 14,866 76.9 11,431 50,192 211,011 29.181 2,918 8,513
2. Chemicals 39,189 22,528 16,661 62.0 10,330 50,856 22,122 28,734 2,873 7,457
3. Petroleum Products 235,272 186,694 48,578 68.8 33,421 3C4,261 18'1,720 122,541 12,254 21,167
C. Capital Goods Industries
1. Cement 20,500 19,046 1,454 84.0 1,221 20,129 1i,836 9,293 929 292
2. Basic MetaLs 25,576 17,448 8,182 68.6 5,612 70,126 38,029 32,117 3,212 2,400
M. Metals and Engineering Products 28,920 16,881 12,039 45.1 5,429 25,512 8,420 17,092 1,709 3,720
Source: Table 46
1/ Share of the value added in output is higher if calculated from the RBI sources than when calcuLated from the ASI statistics. As data, for tris table are Mainl;y derivred from theRBI sources, we thought that it will be more appropriate to use also this source for the calculation of the value aLdded. This value ELdded is calcuilated by subtracting frozm thevalue of output the value of rawr materials and components, consumed in the production and is therefore particularJ.y appropriate for the calculation of ret gains from, higherproductivity. Results for tobacco, and to arn extert basic metals, are not as meaningful as the rest because the 'largest enterprises' comprise most of the industry.
.ABLE 50
G~ain, or 100s300 due to Differential. Capi-tal and Labor Gusto in Indian and Foreig. n ltorprises, 1966.
Animal Coo i nnua- Cost Factor Shore Cost Differences (in US$) per $3,300o: Eat .4sceco ot Net, Assets Annual iA-l Cos,t of labor Distribistion between fines in other nsrtries and(L,feti.eo per $1330X dage per Wage per $1,330 (in per Indian Fines
ProductLion Soc Assets 13~ years) prochaction Emsployee Bill Procuc ti on $1,030 Find) _______________
930S$U$ w U55 Eq_- iomen; t, 1U$ 115O U$) ('us$) Conital Labor Capital. Labor~ Net anrls
fPm Col S, from Cal 8I. Large-Siec Indus,trial Enterprises
Indian O:L1 380,103 195,978 19,598 Si 12,103 637 7,768 210 72 28Maruzen Oil (Japan) 277,007 333,763 33,376 120 1,206 1,922 ia),oc6 36 77 23 '69 '16 8
Hindustan Steel 259,573 1,069,o65 1o5,966 5,12 96,622 397 3d,5jb 158d 75 26do dendeL (France) 331,635 326,016 32,802 99 22,500 1,7o6 36, 3c5 116 36 64 -313 -32 -3455
Tato Ironi anid Steel 142,562 166,536 16,845 Lld 63,000 397 25,01.1 175 60 SoThe-i (Austria) 259,377 230,793 23,079 93 21,090 1,871 39,155 15 9 37 63 - 25 -16 - LiStandard Proesed Steel (U) 153,253 105,696 10,590 75- 9,100 6,163 59,696 5i17 15 85 -L 5 242 '198
Tata Eng~Lneering: & Locomsotive 101,854 80,162 8,056 79 23,416 355 8, 219 81 49 513cania vobis (Sweden )218,932 210,523 21,012 di 10,251 3,720 38, 135 147 36 65 2 o 66 - 68
Hindustan Leveyr 95,135 80,315 8,032 65 6,675 527 2,850o 30 75 26Mead Johnson (US) 131,092 93,321 9,332 71 5,116 5,960 25,770 139 27 73 -13 '159 '146
Aosociated Omnent 76,124 58,787 5,879 77 28,809 232 6,685 688 7Associated Portland Cement (BrItain) 313,972 575,059 57,450 .151 13,330 3,025 50,23~2 1a 28 5 46 7+ 40 .111.Ideal Cemnent (US( 136,f10 215,227 21,523 158 3,589 5, MaO 19,125 143 52 58 al 8i 55 -136
elohi Cloth and Genriaal Mfills 71,697 55,607 5,561 62 30,000 297 8,910o 1:25 33 67Toyoho (Japan) 551,259 497,449 59,745 110 37,550 915 34, 350 76 59 L1 458 - 5 0Siegel Textile (US) 152,558 95,066 9.507 67 7,.500 3,920 29,50o 206 21 75 5 o82 a 87
Oiunlop Ruibber 65,559 24,438 2,445 37 8,075 577 3,8d51 59 39 61Continental Ousmi-Werke (Germnyr)' 277,007 205,958 20,495 74 28,138 2,817 79,265 2836 21 79 + 0 '227 -5American Biltrite Ruabber (UrS) 133,138 85,325 8,532 63 1,000 5,323 26,600 200 25 76 +26 .151 '167
Fertilizer Corporation of India 35,955 118,258 15,825 44o 11,090 527 5,735 132 77 23Sumitomo Chemicals (Japan) 306,365 515,711 51,571 168 15,532 1,651 23,9(01 763 70 30 -.272 - 55 -326Relohhold Chemicals (US) 136,717 99,365 9,937 73 2,589 6,5oo 16,829 123 37 63 -.367 - 9 -376
Guest Keesn Willi ams, (Metal products) 31,371 30,551 3,u51 97 12,166 315 3,832 122 55 56Sheller ~- Globe (US) 132,871 75,336 7,L34 56 7,000 6,328 15,296 333 15 86 - 1 *211 -170Sumsitomo Elec Iridustries (Japan) 256,~909 232,662 23,266 91 10,921 1,315 15,350 56 62 38 -6 - 66 - 72
Orient Paper 22,358 33,135 3 ~14 158 3,600 321 ,156 5 4 5Wiggins reape (Biritain) 25,8 1,5 1,65 127 20,000 3,317 66,3A0 2853 0- 1d+9Doatar (Canada 1 397,805 46d8,423 46,052 11d 1o,345 5,374 9d, 5db 240 32 68 30 '196 .166
Gwa7AIor Rayon 47,899 20,616 2,0)62 43 8,201 297 2,559 11 57 53Sale Viscose (Iltaly) 312,160 512,000 51,200 165 28,000 1,550 53, 130 130 54 46 '121 ' 87 '208
Tndian Alumincum 20,112 26,5,61 2,656 132 5,123 397 2,0C)35 101 57 53AtuesUieSe (Swft2erl4nd 326,553 104 ,c09 11,551 32 20,800 2,798 58,198 170 15 85 -100o 077 -23
Trefimetaux (France) 3020753 225,311 22,531 75 13,325 2,2095 27,903 93 55 55 5 7 -8 -65
Phil-lips India 21,135 14,o37 1,561 69 5,-352 309 1,654 88 55 56Sanyo Electric (Japan) 255871 221,465 22,157 9o 11,4s6 1,2154 13,930? 57 61 49 '21 -31 -10
KiCrloskar oil Enon,, id, 6 2 13,573 1,057 57 5,210 315 1,6.4), 99 5 63Alr 1- be 151.,,1 211A 2173.81,1I 701.31 Ao 1$ ; I 1,1n 11 7U 41 1 70 1* 00.08 A
P'remier Automohiles 35,,732 011, 650~ 2,965 63 11,112 I) L, mie 117 53 37
Honda Motor (Japan) 36D -71 332,192 -33,059 92 7,15 I6 tileb 15,91 so~q 6o 31 *9 -70 - 61
CABLE 50, Gains or Losses duie to Differential Canital and Labor Costs in Indian ann Foreig _Enterprises, !66.
Annual Cost Factor Share Cost Differences (in US$) per $1,000of Net Assets Annual Annual Cost of Labor Distribution between firms in otheir countries andper $1,000 Wage per Wage per $l,00C (in % Fer Indian Firms
Production Net Assets production Employee Bill Production $1,000 Prod.)ooo US$ 000 uS$ (uS$) 1/ Emloyment (Us$) (0oo us$) 2/ (us$) 3/ Ca ital Labor 4/ !]Wlf or 'a MZo e
(1)- ( '7_ '3T (4) 'Y -67T 6 ) 79 - ( -( STTT E9T ( ' .
B. Medium-Size Industrial Enterprises
Madras Rubber 14,281 7,C56 k9 1,597 1,77 760 53 48 52Continental Gumsi-Werke (Gernary) 277,007 204,948 74 28,138 2,817 79,265 286 21 79 + 25 +2'33 .2 58Michelin (France) 632,360 104,325 16 38,000 2,232 84,816 134 11 89 - 33 a 81 * 48
l'itaghur Pjaper 14,247 11,371 80 6,780 321 2,176 153 34 66Diclkinson Nlobbi son Group (Britain) 283,615 244,726 86 26,000 3,317 86,242 309 22 78 + 6 +lSl +157Feldmuhle-Dynamrit Nobel (GermaRny) 431,000 308,531 72 28,460 2,978 86L,694 197 27 73 _ 8 + 44 + 36
Textile Machinery Corporation 14,202 14,235 100 8,450 354 2,991 210 32 68Kubota Irona & Machinery Works (Japan) 266,o26 315,276 119 14.981 1,490 22,322 85 58 42 + 19 -125 -:106Broiwn-Boveri (Switzerland) 728,790 662,703 91 76,000 1,086 82,536 113 45 55 - 9 - 97 -:Lo6
Bunna Shell Refineries 18,360 35,124 191 1,435 637 914 50 21 79Manrzen OiL (Japan) 277,162 333,763 120 5,206 1,943 ic,115 36 77 23 - 71 - 14 - 85
Shree Digvijay Cement 13,494 10,562 78 1,627 232 376 28 74 26Associated Portlajnd Cemnet (Britain) 313,972 479,C49 151 13,300 3,025 4C,232 128 54 46 + 73 +100 *73Ideail Cement (US) 136,110 215,227 158 3,589 5,440 159,526 143 52 48 + 80 +L15 +L95
Heavy Electricals Bhopal 12,584 75,865 603 14,605 369 5,,387 428 58 42Nippon Electrics (Japan) 357,424 470,014 131 41,462 1,214 SCh,337 141 48 52 -472 -287 -759Thomrpson Houston-Hotchkiss Brandt (France) 504,805 455,683 90 12,609 2,380 77',609 154 37 63 -513 -2.74 -787
Birla Cotton Spinning & 'deaving 12,337 5, C67 41 6,638 297 1,971 160 20 80Toyobo (Japan) 451,249 497,449 110 37,550 915 34 358 76 59 46 + 69 - 84 - 15Fie:Ldcrest Hills (US) 171,413 116,053 68 10,855 6,270 46,351 270 20 80 + 27 .1:10 +137
Mukaind Ironi and Steel 11,742 11,589 102 3,840 397 3,524 130 66 56S I D E L O R (France) 278,728 34, 971 124 19,433 2,086 40,537 145 46 54 . 22 - 15 + 37Pittsburgh Steel (US) 179,174 180,541 101 7,200 6,56o 47,232 264 28 72 - 1 +134 +133
Tata Chemicals 10,697 9,674 90 2,733 427 1,167 109 45 55Urbe Industrial (Jiapan) 288,841 468,246 162 19,926 1,645 32,778 113 59 41 + 72 * 4 + 76Pemisalt Chemicals (US) 222,497 212,185 595 8,500 6,500 55,250 248 28 72 + 5 +.39 +144
IndLan Steel & Wire Prodcits 10,539 6,o44 57 1,339 315 421 40 59 41A M P (US) 161,817 103,642 73 8,735 6,276 Si4,821 386 16 84 + 16 .346 +362
1/ Based on ten-years, purchase, i.e., column (2) divided by colnumn (1) and multiplied by 100.2/ (4) x (5) divIded by 1000.3/ (6) divided by (1) anid multiplied by 1000.7/ Percentage shaire of columns (3) and (7) is this sum.
Souu-ce: Iridian Companies' reports (Top 200 companies), US Company reports (Fortune magazine - top 500 enterprises), Industrial Companies outs>de the US(Fortune Magazinie - Top 200 eniterprises); Ainual publications of the International Labor Organization, 1965 Annua.l Survey of Industriesby the C'iO, Calc utta.
Note¢: The top entry in each cluister of comparisons is always an Indian company.
marhiveryanJ equipmentto Ltota hook Talon of 'San1 o Share of A.-I0 Share ofvia of b Share of Shore of o Loe of ornoctin moohio-e -ato isloe wage per Share of idi ,eot
capital an.tet first ohl.-1 Is.anageme-t pr'odoc- pe pe-on,: per aeraoo oddcd is odded uployce deprpct-- Lectricity tfaxe- in Gros-(before dc- o t.otal in total ain per ,directly Pi'ed cpital diectly total -ner in direct tion in value co--rded total valoe profit
nreciauojn. nsol?ebenlt emoloyrnev t e34yee ner e__ _ si oynd oroodction nplyon proBuction oc.p P pee n :tpout rate
d. GoTfJMGiE:R OAJDI IS2JITR2STE
I. rood lmuetny - vegetable & .an.aI oiL: & lats
a. Ihsia: lrdepeident enterpr:Lecvpocity 25,000t of hydrogenated cegetableoil un three shifts. ota.l .s.et. areP.. 20 l ihuni enploys 33'1 - Founded19O /1 50.6, /7 /17 60.7 5.1 16,645 31,976 d00 /13 37z2 5.6 (11.2) 1,179 283 7.7 16,054 5B3
b. Yugoslavia: Singin e-tnrprlas oapaclity1,50O torn refined oil on three shLftserplnys 117- Foanmled 1946 /2 45. ! / 50.4 L4.5 /4 9,053 10,592 . 3,312 1,750 15.3 1,382 533 3,393 ' 9/3 7-9/10
2. Textile Industr - spinning, weaning & finishilg
a. nLdca: New bronch of 2 est,blishn.a.ot erte,prise, ainn1alcapacity 3,400 tone of ootnon onlot no 3shifts - t.tal assets Rn. 1.0 mil-Lon,9,260 enployees. Frunded 1960 /1 84.1. 43.9 2.5 1,721 1,843 852 773 33.2 566 356 6.2 2,959 . 4.4
b. France: Branch nf 3-nstablIshrent enterprise;capacity 1,.00 tons uf seeLng thread & 1,3(10tuna of ratton yarn on one shift; capitalcLunk FrP. 56 oillino & 7,700 employees.Thin bratch) has 2,1i6 esiloyees ani wasfounded in 1830 /I 64.(o /11 100.0 2.8 4,391 5,738 5',975 5,OO1 37.2 (47.9) 1,636 1,112 /9 7.3 64o 16.9 4.6
c. Iugonlayia: single enterprLse; capaflity 3,000tone yarn & thread an three shifts., TotalnAuloy.ent 1,085. /2 61.1. /3 34.7 9.6 /4 3,532 3,909 2,602 1,759 31.4 1,106 467 3.1 8,448 17.7 /8 17.7 /10
B. INrB MEDIAfrE GOODS INDUSTRIES
3. Xand aod Wood Product.
a. Iia: Independent enterprise; capacity, 25,000sq. a. of plywood :6 veneer product:s en 3shifts; totaL assets of R.. S million;1235 essployees - Founded 1940 /1 4h.9 /7 43.5 1.3 7d9 949 132 71 4d.9 (52.2) 390 150 2.0 1,215 6.5 22.6
b. Japao: Irdepende,kt enterprLse; annua.l capacity
is 7.5 rillian as of plywood & 70,000 n2
of veneer on partial 2 shift.;aesets 607 dillion; 181 epnpleona -F-oMned 1955 /12 54.6' a6.7 3.9 io,h56 11,913 .,55o 2,486 31.2 3,261 902 8.6 n.a. o.h 9.1
c. Yu.goslavia: SingL establish..ent p,uduoingop to 6,003 r2 of plyw-od and vees-e onpO&ttal 3 hnifte. msopleyn )58; foornnddin 1958. /2 49.2 /3 43.2 15.1 Ah 1,760 2,072 2,460 1,425 Lb.3 78O 282 i..4 2,474 0.5 /8 20.0 /10
L. Leather arnd Leather Products
a. India: Branch of a 4 establishment enter-priLe; nnual crapacity in 2 nUll-eupairs of leather shoes plus cannonother leather goods on partiol 3 silfteplsn tanning copacLty of 6(3,ooo ihLdenon 3 call shdfto.
Total au-ntn of all
b ir-nch it,. 135. This brhnch has3,'526 employees. Founded in 1d81 ':i 71.] /7 /13 96.6 3.1 1,117 1,202 L1O 87 30.0 (31.h) 336 251 10.2 659 2'.0 3. /5
b. France: One, etabl_sLohent octerprine.neisslize bAx s} t ,st ann i
0,2Y.0 toC roe hiMdes -noolly. fopitalstck Fr-. 6.05 .uillorn; ,Lr -uplnyo .FPeniel lc21. 6.0 l'\i' ;, 12,371 1,9nt 1ha,,l:: 7,.'51 2J.2 (37.3) l,lov t,Loe 1 3,596 12.7 &.6 /l
c. -- p; slOhi, V : SIngle crtepri so afici ann-r,o:ce 2.5,0(0 s
2o- toaclo lesther.
Unlnoc 122 ecplovye- c on o- - i'tFo.naIod in 101:7. '. o -. 1 ". 21.. '2 , i ,,L 2,112 l,e6l: Ii.] 0'' i7 i 1 .i 2,572 ] d /8 d.3 /10
TABLE 51: Enoe4c and lThmabril Pro-iles of lIonei Iiaiorial Sntorpitso
Share of1m achi neryand eqoirreenttn total book VaLue of 7a:se of Share of JLna-L Share of
oalu of Share of Share of alue of prd-ction enchiee value- Value wage per Share of in.di-t
capital. ssets first shifts n-aag-.ne podac- per peroon Per person addec in added ployee doprecia- Electricity taxes in Gros
(before do- in total in total iLon per directly Fimed oapital di:ectLy total * per in dirent tLon valulte esnawd total value profit
DrecialtiOn eo,pioysuent eployment apppyp eo,ioyecl p5trowloyee emioynd orodooctino eaio'p pyi4ono ooutpu,t e.rh ff!en i ratefl T~~~~~~~~~ V~~~~~ -~~~~~ T 1 U ;fl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U ~EEVLl ULj21 Ket, If-t
'. Ihabber orad babber Products
a. tdia: Or, e rsstablehnt enterprise;-emual c.pacity of 400,000 pie.ee
of tyres & tbke an three ehLfts.Total assets of ELs. 30 tsilLin and1,118 epinpees. Founded 1952 /1 77.4 52..h 12.7 7,484 15,96d 3,215 2,4a9 24.9 (39.9) 1,861 333 4.2 /i6 9,218 L,8 12.7
b. ]..rael: Independent establiehkent;napanity 7,000 tone of tyre andS,oo ten of takes on 3 shifts. Totalassets IL 21 hifLion & 566 eploy-et.1'unded 1.952 /1 74.5 /13 55.h 4.1 8,626 12,206 8,496 6,331 35.3 3,0.48 2,212 4.3 /16 Ll,9i1 - 1.2
c. Tugusla.a: EgSing] enterprise, aemtlcapacity is 6,0X0 tans of various rubberprodnets on 3 shifts 903 tpily.es.t'o-nded 1.925. /2 56.1 /3 5.3.8 18.2 A 4,600 5,621 2,630 1,804 28.8 1,325 583 1.6 10,350 21,5 /8 19.b 0
6. CheulooeL Indstlry - paints, -arsishs,
a. i .raLa - Major pradote no rpwtingu-it , paints a, varnishes ikestatlLdn:apacity: 1,700-2 ,boo tans with nonohift - pomnaded 1940 /1 42.9 10().0 4.6 2,516 3,537 347 209 19.0 477 1631 o.8 773 -
b. !sagoelaeia - XJaor preduote of re-
Porting sunittenasrls, lI-cqurs andnl-rs; i,ntallws capacity 22,000mans with three shifts. Fouttdd1L920 /2 61.5 Zi 43.7 27.7 /A 10,312 16,269 3,239 2,758 26.2 2,698 592 1.1 k,f - 16.8
7. Match Industs
a. India , A"'l onpacity of reporting-tait 6,200,000 gross boxes (50 atiton
sanh) on tre shifts . It is une of 8branches of large establishment;f,ounded ]L930 /1 39.6 59.2 4.] 1,511 1,785 288 135 57.2 (60.5) d64 4(1o 2.7 1,09S 7.7 27.1 L£
h. Israe.l I:ntaledl capaCitJ of reportinguidt is 1.6,000 packs (7,200 pci. *aoh)of bus -stohee pl.U 230 pa*ts (10,000;pt. each) of boob: atnhss On one shift
Tjjs is err irdepenidest estAbLiohmsat /1 93.7 /6 10(.0 1. 1 4,425 5,008 2,500 2,66o 62.5 2,758 1,950 3.2 1,625 - 8.8
C. CAPITAL MODS IKVSTRIIRS
8. Man-astallic iaerale
8i., Cement
a. India, An,..l oapocity of reportingunit is 600,000 tosn of Tydr-slic
-:nt on three shifts, This is atranch of' lasrger hbilding naterinl.enterprise fsunded in 1923 /1 53.8 /7 41. . 2.5 5,334 6,077 3,402 2,0d7 45.0 (65.9) 2,400 341. 8.8 37,383 38.0 21.4
b. Franc,: Adnual ospacity of reporting,oit is (00,000 taos of cenent anpartial, three shift operation. This is anew brooch of a 13-establ±sh.ent enter-prise fondeod in 1962 /1 61.7 dl.9 9.c bCa,23 72,LJ2 179,61d dd,322 44..4 (55.7) 17,d99 3,720 32.9 271,752 2C.3 0.3
c. Israel, is,oal installed capacity is 85o,-100t -ons of hldr2uliccstent cncontina-us threeshift operation. An indepeodest enterpriseSith ten plants, one founded in 1725, the
other in 1953 /1 od.l 751.9 1.5 12,271 22,5d3 .,1l31 59,790 44.9 (75.6) 5,516 2,4u.S 7.9 129,712 55.7 11.5
T_rLg 5L Ecsotic asd 7eohno-al Pr-ofile of Indian Icd-lotrial E3t-rori-c
Share ofmachineryand eqdipeentin total sock VaLue of Valuc of Share a: Anual Share of
value of Share of Sbare of 'Value of prodactios machines -aLue Va.ue .age per Share of indir sot
capital assets first shifts saagesent produc- per person per person added in added ieployeo depreoia- SiLetriotty taxes, to, .rons
(before de- in total ic to-tal tio. per directly Fined capital directly totaL per i.n direct tioo tulsa co-ss d total nalue profit
8 reciatlos) !-dt naprpnt p zLa yd 52- pljv:e e d nroduottLoo M e -rodoticon of oPp_ p.,er n e, p i w ratt
dii. Bri.k$i.liea. glaes & gaoes products
a. IndkLa: Older of 2 branch enterprioecapacity 6,:00 tcae of fire bricke
bl.ocks pius 5,000 tons of ortars& refined oi.y. S'loys 277. kamats(both br=nobe4 Re. 5.5 illon -FPoued 194:13 AS 41.5 /7 /13 100.0 5.8 1,075 1,4d9 d86 50o9 57.0 (57.8) 611 171 6.9 615i 2.0 17.3
b. Tag slavia: Single ostarprise,capanity 135,000 tonm of raw re-fractory olay 35,000 taon of bakedclay and 67,000 tom, of fire-oWybrio ke on 3 shifts; loeys 1,885,fo,nded 1950 /2 48.3 /3 48.5 12.3 /4 1,979 2,257 2,3196 1,321 44.7 (47.6) 883 368 3.7 3,756 5.1 i' 22.5 /Ac
8iii. Co,rrete aebestl:, o-am
a. Inda., Branch of 2-oetablisosntentierprise oapeoity 2.6 sidias m2asbaetoos-oTent skeet & beods,600000 * of' pipes 8: 3,500 tSns offit.ing for pipe on 3 mtsthitinploys 1,000; fonidad 1938 /1 56.9 21 n... 3.2 3,86D 4,138 )66 222 38.5 1,495 542 1.0 1,118 _ 18.6
b. eIa, L Idependent establimtshnt,capacity 75,,000 omiant & 10,000 tof asbestos tick isi prooseiad intosheets pipe,& Aidtd fana. Assets. L 35 illion, aoo mpls;fteded 1953 /A 76.6 78.7 2.1 6,856 9,794 7,344 8,037 42.4 (4i.9) 2,906 1,105 3.2 6,250 3 4.6
e. Yugiielasia. Single enterprism tickprn,hed s up to 58,600 tone af aebthee-cmn,nt Slabe & pipes on 3 abifts;inpioye 590, foitedl 1919 /2 74.9 /3 48.3 9.0 /4 4,816 5,292 3,326 2,739 27.6 (3i.
6) 1,331 546 3.S5 4,969 9.7 '/8 13.8 as
9. Basic metal
9i. Iron foundries
a. India: Rposrting nti is irfink steelf-sur with additiolen .nta&l orkieg& aesably ietni.s for praduelng ccrusrhers & aleetrie mtors (4.400 ad400 r-pti-ly) sith two shift.. Anindepndnt iestablielaent ftirntd 1866 /L 38.3 88.2 4.0 965 1,210 -di 374 27.9 (29.3) 270 270 3.1 0.0. 1.4 10.9
b. Israel, Anmas capacity of reportingWill is I 14-1S titan of rarioascast iron preducts (ca l0,oCO tons) anpartial thr,a shift spratico.. Inde-pendent establi.heknet fonded in 1935. 66.7 95.2 6.5 5,352 6,645 6,358 5,065 56.6 3,028 2,857 4.3 54,393 - 3.9
9ii. Iron castings
a. India: Repartirg undt speciali..e ir ironcooling for acbhins and pets; annuacapacity is Re. S illien or- partial twoshif't operotioc; one e-tablishent enter-priae;founded in 1946 /1 07.0 ,.6. 2.3 2,42_ ^,8C, -,4 ''1 '." r 5 a (am O( I , . 566 2.0 14.2
b. Japan: Major product of reporting fir- iscas.ing of inohine Soda (a-raal capacitycbhet 2,00D tmo) vith one shift. I-oe-psncdet one enterprise esoahliohest,
fouded in 194 1A L).7 11.0 3.1 4,d97 5,595 2,026 91.. 47.8 2,344 1,iid 3.2 2,159 4.8 7.6
TABLE 51: Ecooroic ard 1cchbico) Pr, iles -f IoioLn T-nt-trial Onteror.
oa.c hionery
in total book laloe ci 1olos of Share of Anooo Sh.. or
value of Snare of Sha-re of alo o ,roP--tion -ahn- vaLus 7aLu .ge p., Sh- of Il-reo
cpital asoets flirt shifts etanageot prodon- per p-r.o" per person added to added employee deprenia- SLectrtiity taes ito Genes
(before de- in total in total tion per directly Fi-od capitaL directly total * per to direct tion role conai tod tt.1 l prfit
a_eoiotioo) M4MEnt 2jyee employd per employe_ Ee d production -we p_od-tiol of ( pEr -ploree RL2Jt l^at-
10. Metal Products
1li. Rolling wa .n. tastine of
a n. Ida: Majo- pr-i-t.s of reporting-nt ore rolld prooldut of aw¶per,loIrdnr aid t.eir alley.. Anrud
nwpaoity is .bat 4,000 team an thre.chi ute. Or.. eet.blilhw-t .ot-rpriesfemaleS tar 191.8 /1 91.7 /7 55.5 2.5 11.400 14,284 3,1.11 823 17.8 (19.4) 2,024 14. 1.2 7,L20 2.0 10.3
b. Fr--ne, MaJor proda-ts: &aduopurpLiLLg 1 dtraning produota cpacityetput i 100,000 team itth 3 lofUt.
Breo.h of l.rger eon .rpete. vita 9esLoblieheo*ufo.adod 1964 e'l 81.0 56.8 2.3 43.6b5 57,604 8,930 9,55f2 15.5 (19.7) 4,571 3,447 1.7 66,928 9.7 1.4
o. Yugwslaetet Reporting uwit aogagedit rflLing d-inig ad di. p;re.ieng ofalpwei & alloas; eaP-ity 5,500 trolled prer.tse, 10,000 t d-an pr-
dSot. wad dLe press-d prodoa:tt or3 snifte. /2 71.9 /3 39.5 15.8 /1. 6,942 8,250 3,950 3,375 32.8 (33.3) 2,275 758 3.2 21,082 0.8 /a 18.2
10ii. Strocturtle
a. India, Reprting unLts anna'tl aeocityis 1,800 t of fabritoated etowtar.ifor building.s ad & ret ted.- Ltowm- ero 3 ehift.. Brerto of 9-etablieluant entsaerpise f.uadd to
; P 67.3 57.3 6.6 1,852 2,406 1,029 899 49.4 (50.0) 910 473 1.6 736 1.2 8.5
b. Jepa, Reporting unLt a.onal C41a-city i. 26,000 t of st_i trootwes
-or buildinge & bridga oar two eifle.8r.ab of a 7--stablkt.boet -ww,efr to 1951. A 53.5 73.. 12.4 LL,7.S 18, 0a 5,01 4,121. 25.1 2,947 1,877 3.5 7,3ff *.9
10ii. Ste ad bite
a. Id!.. Gee est blishent snteoprisswith oapaIty of 1,500 toam of bolts, mote
ad. ror,s asoeto Ra. 1.5 ai11lien &226 pioye.;f-rndod 194.8 11 75. 3 6b.1 1.4 2,45 2,d82 638 512 27.8 (30.0) 691 321 0.6 38,553 3.0 7.4
b. Frao-e, Irdopeadent onterprIse;n-panity 2,200 towa of bolts sto,s-ree & m4abrs oa one rhift. Copitwist'ek PF. 10 dlioUtn & 225 wlysa.;feonded 1965 /12 77.0 113 100.0 1.3 7,0d4 7,775 359 3d0 25.3 (57.3) 1,792 1,179 1.4 1.6. i.1 1.3
n. Jopeer IM.ependeot stbliwb1 ..t.Anrol c-pwcity it 3,000 toe ofnato & bolts oar ae shift. issets1320 odllian wnd 248 .ply.es;fo..odd 1921. /1 60.3 /7 79.-' 2.1 6,921 9,539 1,621 1,347 36.4 2,514 869 8a.4 3,197 13.4
TABLE 51: Economic aid Technical Profiles or itoitac louotrtl_*t.3risO
lhitre ofmac:hineryanti eqduipmntin total b-ok Itne ot o'- ur ro!' Ab-1 Shlare of-aiue of share ol Shace o' fale o' prtdcct lion - -achie ao Valon cage per Sbare of iod-reot
capital assets fir-t hift- oangetcooi protr- ne- cacao-r- per pnrco - ddod in atddid oployee doprecia- -lecor,ibty taxes in Goons
(hefno- de- in total so total Li0:- ncr - cL-LUy Fixor capita! di r.cl ty otal a ?er n 0arect tion -aLue nnsn-d tatal oalan pofit
p r = -m-ng5ni erpLcW3ct 9! e atoellyad per 066Ac re ECEjClotn rpoa produoCLnn f ruput pereroloyra ofoupt -r
11. Non-cloetrioal Mohhins
lli. AgricLicrai Lmw:hine-y
a. India: Reporting uirt psoduoss 30,1)0-35,003 (1,)(lOt) nf cuLtiratore, disoharrows, dasters threshens, plscgho,on two shifts. Iedepssdent ent-rprinesfoarded 194'; total a..et Rs 1.4.rIll.ion; 232 4loynss. /1 48.3 76.0 1.3 661t 1,236 316 151 43.5 378 277 1.9 .63 1.9 11.2
b. Is'roel: Capcity of r-portirg c.It isIL 2 llli-ort worth of hay bailer-,goaio drills, Proit grlading .chiossetc. on oPe ohift.Eodape.dest establish-meni fo-ideci 1946; assets IL 1.5 hilLion,la employe-e /1 60.2 100.0 31.7 1 f,64ho 1.7,053 2,530 2,232 22.2 2,587 1,642 6.2 2,439 - 5.2
J. Japrm: Capacity of reporting cit 100,000pieces powr- tillers, sprayers, bush ocuterson one shift. Isdependent establihrsent with190 emplysee and assets i2,210 ilLion /L 52.4 100.0 7.3 13,89'7 .11,7d6 2,567 2,983 23.0 3,190 1,4;16 1.8 2,1o49 0.4 7.0
ll. Irrigatio Eui sent (CPcSp)
a. India: Reporting chit pradwoes anrsally opto 1,500 oSrifug1L pasps wcrth about ft.1.2 Million on partial two shifts. Ideepe-dent eatblishseot; total assets Re. 1.39rhillon; esployee; 152; founded 1946 /1 45.3 88.1 12.5 7313 958 432 255 43.5 321 180 3.7 J58 _ 1..8
b. Jap-n: Repasting upitu capaoity is abcut12,00io pesMps of canasta types wrth 12,000rdllion on one shift. lzicepeedent enter-prIse established 1950 total assets i2,300eillion & 479 sqs1scsss. 30.2 100.0 5.6 9,362 18,6.647 4,r23 2,898 43.1 4,042 1,561 4.7 1,261 - 16.0
lliii. Kaahioa TootL
a. fedoac alWqa .aitq^s, ass1capanity lb0 lathes on ons shift -Tatal aesat, lb. 0.1. dm..., 14mepluy-es - Fouesdd 1957 /1 76.5 100.0 9.1 1,512 1,796 2,230 20320 55s.4 836 281 7. 5 1,214 - 27.5
b. Frames: Brhlach of 6 establinhteontsntsrpstesemnnoal napanity 2,300lats & 3b.0 crlts of anfesele.Cap:tal eto1hk Fr. 16 iLLes and 2,500espiLoyseo ( thin bh--ch has 688 employees& was fo-sdoid in 191.3)/i 69.5 84.3 2.0 11.533 18,116 5,332 6,178 36.6 (47.8) 4,224 2,578 4..3 3,205 17.7 3.1
Lin. Consomers Durablas (Sewing lachdnes)
a. IsoLa. Inaep>eieont -enserpstes o-pocity50,000 sewing -ohine bodien & 35,00"maclalin stantds (named at KLi. 3.5mil.ion) on one shift, eployo 150;fon-ded 1953. /15 41.3 113 100.0 b.c 2.io<u' 2,311 352 16i 26.6 (28.1) 533 175 /i 2.9 2,867 2.0 14.0
b. Yugolola-i -IndTpetaleot enl-rpri-nca.paity 90,000 sc Lng anhi nec on
par-tial . noift-, etployc ,27oo -founded 191. /2 59.6 /3 47.2 17.1 /L 2,hdc 2,999 1i'i3 1,317 55.7 1,261 617 3.h 2,735 0.0 /O 26.5 /lui
ljj. Prime t-er- (2tes! Si )
a. rc.iia. Indo-dn-ont -olblisiceint,capacity in Rs. 1.1 rullion ofil-f:l-n-s,oa-r loIns, arotu]torat
napiLoynontc. coops 3. ocecioJiocinocltine oo:L cactiofg. Asst c Rr 2-IrilLion, 2_,31 -1,l,eys fo-'iez IL '15 6J.2 'II 71' 1.' t : l.a- '.' .1 22.2 5 2h h. 1,7$3 5.0 10.0
,TABLE 51: 4ooo,c are 0ocbstcal )rofila oi :'i.s vvas,r)a) rt _
b>are ofeachicero
Is total book tllesc:f Jalue cI Share of be.na Shore ofvolue oif S-,Ce a. Share of Ju1e of productfor- achbirot value 'a.We clage er Shore o' indireccapital ossets fi,-st ehif vs -nngeee-t proaco- per per-on p50 person aided) cc aiFec employer Uspracia- t1rctrisi ty ases Is Oroo-(before do- ib total in total tion per iirertly Fixed capital directly totol * pen !o airot. tire val-o ce -sed total voice profitereototlac)_ ol3D Omet - aev..la.ceet amloee ~~em p per orpLlcyee e_ep!ye proucotioc p,cs o>rosostiocS of rutpeut per employee sLof uipst ralts
a. Prance: lndependontl entahlichneot,oapasity 63,j)5r die.,f eiei-nc on o-1shiv. Capital etook Fre. 14 million
6 5) esplypees orgo-od ls 1 961 -sbads of old f-otog'. /2 53.7 100.0 11.9 3v,d66 d6,407 3,640 4,930 22.7 (38.h) 7,1370 ;5,015 /77 2.9 419 20.5 J,.6
Tcgo-slaia.: igle enterprise,;capacity11,001) deie]. engines 7,30 tractors& 20,700 t f' epare pIarts, or two hifts,S,5C6 employe,es; foaseled °58. /2 68.2 /3 59.6 27.9 /4 6,673 6,477 2,L432 2,348 32.7 1,';28 669 7.9 2,579 0.9 /8 15.6 /10
12, Ei-stric M-Hacihey
12i . oILetric Motors
a. India: Idepsmdest eetabliesnhent capacity13,800 elsot,io meters on partial twonhifL. Assets Re. 2 rULion- 160 employeesfoceaed 1959 /1 60.9 dd.7 5.0 1,571 2,286 6132 604 31.5 (31.6) .95 217 3.0 384 0.5 l0.4
b. Fram-.: Major branh of toe establishaente-te-prise -copa-ity 350,000 electric motors
on s hilftaesets FPr. 4.5 rillicn and1,00) asplepees - frecded 191.2 /1S 45.3 100.0 2.4 6,116 7,637 2,830 1,60C 59.2 (64.h ) 3,633 1.,347 :.1 .*. 13.5 5.7
.:. agesl-eai: Single enterprise;- capoity250,(000 eletr,ri otor, en 'shifts-l,256employees; fEn.ded 1923 /2 62.9 /3 56.4 33.6 /4 2,331 3,511 2,a26 2,29d L4.i 1,025 431 6.2 1,663 0.9 / 1 i3.6 /10
12ii. blectrir Lap.
a. Indi-:: IJdpe-n3ea eniterprise c-pacity13 dU1ion electric lamps en 3 shifte;
,a,setsRe.]. enlan; 1,000 employee;founLed 1933 /1 63.1 76.9 5.6 1,232 1,569 872 701 55.3 (55.3) 581 271 3.6 1,343 0.1 20.6
b. Israel: -ndeendent establteh-nt eape-ity3.2 odhllieina-deSCenent bellb 0.5 alllino flcore-oced. blbe o,n one shdft - assets 3. 3.5milli.on ard 120 employees, fna-ed 1955 /1 51.0 100.0 2.5 5,396 7,315 6,546 3,159 36.7 1,981 :,604 10.0 /18 3,333 - 5.8
:. Yugnslala: Siingle *terpries capacity16,00X0,000 hbLbs & fl --reeoeote en 3nhbftn; 665 :mployeee;f-undd 1931 /2 74.0 6 15.3 22.6 /4 2,980 3,660 1,3i6 1,300 11.2 (L7.6) 1,217 601 2!.4 1,.70 6.4 /8 25.0 /10
.12ii. Cables
a. ICllo: Idspernde-t erterprise cap city36,000 em of eCbl.s 00 3 nhlfto, aesetsRo. i' eslli-,;31s1 eployees ;fo-adie1962 /15 t4.1 72.1 2.6 3,236 3,526 4,37' 3,656 18.3 (20.0) 593 166 2.2 3,539 2.0 6.4
b. YTgoclolai: Single eo,terprise acoysalo-p.eity is 15,000 t of cables & wireson 3 shifts) 820 orployee - fo-nded1927 /2 70.4 L3 ;4.9 2d.d /6 o,d76 l2,1.63 2,1.6 2,090 25.C (32.6) 1,992 171 L.0 6,682 10.6 /8 16.0 /10
13. Trp otorj E i .nt
13i. Motor Vehdcles (canufaotures cno assembly)
o. Tooil: Reporting unit1
onnsal capa-ity to15,X0 -rucks .car aed bases. MaJor ventof larger teterprioe oth total -so-tsRIs 075 dillion; enplyees 9,102 (d,6i)in thi colt), faunded 1931 /1 11.2 ?.t §.o 6.229 , /. 5,C?9 . Iv`1.d (9'.2) 2,178 '89 :,c ,812 2.'5 36.9
b. 5
o.--e: Reporting unit prcds-c op t.o2 --v roaches a-d bases so coo shift;braoch of 5 ootahlent ee:ber;sn.. ewith Fr. 6olIllloa setn t 7,d0. eclovassfounded 1921 .1 /lI, a . 1.02 I50On,'/)v 1,17 21, !:7, ,- (3' 2," 17*, ' 1
TABLE 51, Eonodic tnd Technical Profiles of Iin Industrlil tctcnror-e
Share ofs:achinetyand noipx,e,tin total book Value of Value of Share of Anspal Share of
value of Share of Share of Value of production s,achineo value Value esge per Share of ildirent
capital ass.ets first shifts mamngesft produc- per person per person added in added mnpioyee depreoia- zEletricity tauxe in Gross
(befone de- in total in tottal tion per directly inTed capital c[ir-ctly total * per in direct tion valve coo,umsed total naive profit
precietion) pfyn..t S!ywiest 2 fed pLer e i2y- l production S2 ffls rirodction of output R2Lrig'. aZ_a _ £
c. .sr.e.: Reporting vlt's installednapaaity is satsbling about 2,500trunks Pa buhes on 3 shirts (antiallyoperate on onoly 1 shift), indiepndenterterpriee with T1 20 million *nd 330aptoyeis. Fouxded 1963 /2. 100.0 1,8 22,298 33,48 .'y,53 703 S.2 1,822 1,25;0 8.8 833 o.8
d. Ygos-ile: lnterprise Var capecity is4,200 bonyaz & lcrlc (17,000 t) & 4,400interrel orbuostion enginse & prts theiseofon partial 3 ehifte. 4,556 employes fonnzed19o? /2 t,l.9 /3 66.o 21,2 /4 6,113 7,756 2.973 i,82g 34.2 (34.8) 2,092 81? 2.2 5,049 0.9/8 /ia Sa (o
1:311. ElJscyl.ee
a. Itds: Reporting ult sanual cepaoityoutput is 20,0C0 biycles pl Re., 400,000in parts an am, shint. Idependent enterprisewith tostal assets of R-. 750,000 atd 88asuploynee. Foutded 1956 /1 51.2 /4 100.0 3.5 3,449 3, 993 388 211 14.8 (16.5) 505 169 /9 0.9 1,348 2.0 7.1
b. J-PaD: Reporting unite rnnul aeseadlingcapacity is 230,000 bicyclss. Indepetstestablihlehnt ith aseta 91,416 slLm
ad 54f0 exployses. Fionded in 1919 /1 ;21.54 00.0 3.7 /A 14,105 30,5176 1,58 734 30.6 4,322 1,841 0.8 2,759 0.2 15.3
Y. Tugosml,ie- On, establlishent enterpriseproducing op to, 120,000 bisycleo (2,900to,n) c'n prtial 3 shifts; 579 _1oyie.F?ondli 1949 /2 61.0 a 53.4 16.7 / 3,591 4,:113 1,333 977 39.4 1,bl2' 50i LS5 2,93 1.5 20.2 I
131Lii. Mbt2rcyc]
a. 1tdi-,IrePetet cuteszritse cavacityry0 rcles 3 wbsel auto
rickshaws on 2 shifts. fLeet. Bs.28million; 1,533 employees. Fendtd 1962 /15 58.9 85.5 9.8 2,246 4,;!24 1,000 1,106 28.8 61L 2'44 3.7 n.8 5.6
b. Tugoslavia: Enterpries whose capacity is
38,000 ntoursosotire sod more than 8,502otore and parts as 2 ehift,. 1,952ployea. Fpounded 0955 /2 ' ;.5 13 48.5 26.7 /4 3,950 5,388 3,140 2,388 43.3 (46.o) 1,70)3 i'37 U.6 3,657 4.9 /8 19.7/10
Soutrce: COsputed frim Vol. I and T ofP-profile_ oa Mi aoranturing establishmsentso UN Indvtrial Planning and Prograding Series No. 4 and 5, Ne- York 1967 atl 1968. Data in national currescies hate been corrted
ir't US dol-ars at squilibriu exchange raLe, cal:ulated by the Mission. FPr India the ethod is -Vleimnd in the Chapter On India's dependenc on indaetrtl ieport.. For Israel the squilibrim, rats
Vi.pe.ted Is 5 u per doliar Forer. tPer m l the present exchange rate was defleted backyards by usinig the wh0lse.e prioe item. Por rne at .Jwas offlil. exhang rates d-rt,g th analysed period-wer actcspied as ecuiibhrionmtrase.
ia DIate - af' 1964 _/1 Ones acrnrlatiln / greias pshactiao - groes acemletien includae latesi.a pdl
/2 Deta as of 1963 /11 Shtre nf machinery & equp..ent. tonle A& instroeots, vehile., and office furniture & flatores.
13 Rqlpicemseit clveu as of 1963 /12 DIto as of 1)66
/A Share of ronfantory worherl in total eeploqeot. /13 Share of achinery and equipent and tools & instrosmpts.
/5 Before adroating or oVerhead /14 Profit rote in 1963 .as 5.0o. In 1965 productioo denlined, market price of leather went d8rw, while
the cost of bide., increae,d./6 Lsd atd buildings are rented /15 DIto as of 1965
/7 After depreciation /L6 Includes roycltios
'0 turnover tao /27 foopacy sOny vest, boo off the plnot o prenises calved at ho. I stAllion. So thIs As included~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IzCWV~l..,i,1,n i tepl.t pemse Ie tR I tiic floeS onset,s the char', f Gocldoery is 16i od the fined a..e.t per employse iv Re. 19181.
/9 A-erage osges & salaries per smplyes /ld i,preciction'l uclonos -ctals.
T he fig'rt - h-- - --orsugots tic chore /ro v in t l pes Fer erplyoee, inctl-dig "otner nccendltvr-c o- coinyco'.
of valve t:: 1"-r - tsoocs to nCe Ivialvalve of output piuc iAdrvc - tec, it cGsecvhere taxes were cot obher-ie ittcldevd.
TABLE 52
BS0IC RATIOS OF INDIAht INDiSTRY - CHANGE OVtR f4IE
Part I
P H Y S I C A L Q R O W T H O U T P U r V A L U E A D D E D E M P L O INB E N.T c A P I T A L
(Index Numbers). (crores) (grorea) (thnouands) (crorea)
1959 1965 19655 Weights 1959 1965 Change Index 1959 1965 Chan4:e 1959 1965 Change 1959 .1965 Change(1959-100) ( 1960
_ 1. 2 ; 4 5 6 7o0 9 10 H 12 13 14 - I 16 17
A. Consumer Oox!ds 95.0 119.9 126.2 41.97 1,442 2,727 1,2135 189.1 364 574 210 .1,756 i,836 Bo 6h1 1,090 n 49
Food manufacturlng 90.5 123.9 13tS.9 12.09 570 1,062 493 186.3 103 137 34 395; 436 .61 238 390 152Bsverap and tobacco 87.0 147.6 160.7 2.22 80 169 39 211 .2 18 b1 23 11;2 101 -11 27 53 26Catton t0xtiles ) 97.0 115.4 119.0 27.06 781 1,460 679 186.9 :239 386 147 1,22S' 1,265 36 370 627 257Woollen textiles
Yontbetic textilea)Footwear and otber 132.1 169.4 20a.3 .60 3 15 12 500 1 3 2 6 15 9 1.2 6 4.8FNurniture 8 21 13 262 3 7 4 itL 19 5 5 14 9
B. Int7miedisat. Goods 139.0 160.9 180.8 13.77 423 1,183 760 279.7 10 292 152 283l I2t 138 320 915 595
P,er & paper producta 86.2 146.8 170.3 1.61 55 111 i6 201.8 17 29 12 35' 60 21 47 127 80Thabber prcodixto 86.1 159.4 185.1 2.22 55 128 73 232.7 18 35 17 36i 46 16 21 59 32Chemnicals 90.0 159.8 177.5 7.26 187 698 511 373.3 62 163 101 10;5 166 61 133 490 357Petroleum producta 188.4 154.6 1764.9 1.45 55 104 169 189.1 19 20 1 7 15 8 69 157 88Leathter 4 fnr prodcta 91.3 122.7 134.4 .h3 15 25 10 166.7 2 3 1 iCI 10 - 5 6 1Wood & cork(excepting 96.3 235.2 249.4 .80 10 25 IS 250.0 3 6 3 18l 26 8 6 14 8
fur0tuwe)Printing & publisiing 46 92 46 200.0 19 36 17 7l4 98 24 33 62 29
C. Canilal Goods tl4.8 192.0 226.4 29.17 670 2,168 1,498 3123.6 224 633 409 695' 1,296 597 614 2,313 1,699
Nmon-mitalflic minerals 89.2 150.2 168.4 3.85 96 22.4 128 233.3 33 69 36 140 189 49 S0 185 95Brasic metals 77.7 180.0 231.7 7.38 252 725 476 2e8.9 65 197 132 171 333 162 278 1,231 953Meital products 8l .7 135.3 165.6 2.51 47 155 108 329.8 14 34 20 43 85 42 21 90 69Nmn-electrical machinery 73-4 289.9 394.5 3.38 56 278 222 L96.b 22 95 73 80 205 125 4L
6246 200ELectrical machier7 77.9 215.A 277P.0 3,05 81 281 200 3146.9 26 20 S4 6r; 140 75 55 234 179
ransport equipment 98.6 197.2 300.0 7.77 138 502 364 3263.8 64 158 94 200 364 164 126 327 203(excepting repair)
D,, Others (includLng electric:Lt) 15.94
Total - Manufacturiag Indmxtry 50.3 151.5 167.8 100 2,535 6,0713 3,543 239.8 728 1,499 771 2,731 3,553 315 1,575 4,318 2,743
TA3iz 52 (Co-t.)
Ba.ic Ratio, of Idit Indeutry - (hange o,er Ti-
Part li
Capltal. labwr ratioShre cf Wagee Value added per p.rom (&a. per parson. eplyd)
Ixplioit Share cf valu Share of val. & -a1-i.ee in Capit.l-vlue added ratio exploy.d(Ole./p.er.on)IPrie. In r.a.et added l~ cutp.tj/ dded ir output2/ (grose) value added ntegral margin l Current prices Catsat urret pricS C ratet 1955
1, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 9S9 p ric43/_ Pr 1
1959 - 1965 P... 1959 1965 1959 1959 1959 1965 1959-1965 1959 1965 1965 1959 1965 1965(1959-100)A oe G2od--e. 970 3 1 .2 _1.
A. C *rOoodr 149.5 7.0 25.:! 21.0 1.76 1.90 2.14 2,073 3,126 2,087 3,650 5,936 ;,221
Food a-ufa-tulnmg 136.1 5.3 18. 12.9 39.5 11.9 2.31 2.8 4.47 2,601 3,142 2,309 6,025 8,944 i 901Bever-g! & tobrcoo 124.5 3.7 20.:1 22.3 1.47 1.18 0.94 1,607 4,059 3,260 2,411 5,2b7 4,564Textile, 157.0 7.8 30.6 26.4 38.2 48.0 1.55 1.62 1.75 1,944 3,051 1,933 3,010 4,956 11,357Footeea (leathir) 242.4 16.0 30.1) 16.7Bevera.e. 50.1 38.1 1.67 1.75 1.80 6,0On 8,888' 7,139* 10,000* 15,555- 1-3,710*Clothing 35.0 22.2 1.43 1.50 1.54 1,400 2,222 917 2,000 3,333 2,928Furi tul,. 37.5 33.3 1.67 2.00 2.25 2,142 3,6864 -. 3,571 7,368 6,419
B. Ioe.reediat. Goode 151.7 7.6 33. 24.7 2.28 3.13 3.91 4,947 6,936 4,483 11,307 :21,733 18,985
Paper & paper p-odu-t 118.5 2.9 30.9 26.1 46.8 :11.8 2.76 4.38 6.67 4,358 6,833 4,078 12,051 :21,166 18,556Robber products 125.7 4.0 32.1 27.3 47.3 14.6 1.50 1.68 1.88 6,000 7,608 6,053 9 000 12,826 11,353Cbaaioa.e 210.3 13.2 33.1 23.3 62.8 ;>1.9 2.14 3.00 3.53 5,905 9,819 4,669 12,666 29,518 25,613Petroleot produote 108.1 1.3 34.5 19.2 31.2 3.63 7.85 88.00 27,11, 13,333 12,334 96,571 112,666 961,250Leather h fur prodoo..t 124.0 3.7 13-. 12.C 2.50 2.90 1.00 2,000 3,000 2,419 5,000 6,000 5,361Wood & -ork(exco.pti.g f,rLit.)e( 100.2 .05 30.1 24.C 2.00 2.33 2.67 1,6t6 2,307 2,302 3,333 5,384 16,737Printing & publiabeg 41.3 39,1 1.73 1.72 1.70 4,459 6,326 !,603
Capital G. nds 142.9 6.1 33.1 29.2 2.76 3.65 4.15 3,206 4,884 3,418 8,784 17,847 15,558
Bon-atJLJic 1 -orale 138.5 5.6 3h.1 30.B 54.1 8.1 2.73 2.68 2.64 2,357 3,651 2,636 6,428 9,788 8,636Basic e,t.al. 124.7 3.7 25.8 27.1 39.6 1,2.5 4.28 6.25 7.22 3,801 5,916 4,744 16,257 36,967 3N2103Metal products 199.7 12.2 20.0 21.9 1.50 2.65 3.45 3,256 6.000 2,009 4,88 10,588 00 1209
N -eetia .aochier7 125.8 3.9 39.3- 31.2 63.7 33.0 2.09 2.59 2.76 2,750 4,634 3,686 5,rA 12,00 11O,51KlectrIc .1 sachtery 125.2 3.8 32.1) 28.5 38.3 1,1.5 2.11 2.92 3.31 6,000 5,716 46,52 8,461 16,714 14,u586Transport *quip-l5ot (excluding
car repair) 181.9 10.5 46.h 31.1 66.5 52.9 1.9h 2.07 2.16 3,200 4,593 2,525 6,200 9,506 18,384
To:al - M1 afactuodng Induatry 142.9 6.1 28., 26.7 2.16 2.88 3.55 2,658 4,219 2,952 5,752 12,153 10,580
2/ Acxcrd.ing t.0 the Census (i.e. vele added eclulve of deprociatbox oUtpUt at o-facutory enUE ). Snn-e, Annu-l S&-vey cf InduetrLae 1959 nd 1965 (Cexes Seotor)2/ Ac:ording t input-cutput table. (i.e. vaue added Lnoluealv of dep-eoiatioo and ot.-eret output at producer e pric-). Sa-e, 19591 Arth. Vijnaxa, Sept.-Dec. 1967 p. 309 tInput-mttput tbIle c the Idial e-or fwr 1956), 1963
Deflated by iapliit price it-creae. *eparotely fc each brauchDeflated bjy lUplixit price Increase, cf capital goo,
* Statitica. dat ard coeffiieota relating to beveragee her, integrated into rae Be erge. A Tobacc
Table 52 (cont.)
Baic Ratioe of Ins InduatrY - Chan& over Tim
Part II - Cont.
Orcth Growtbin value added in capial per Oross profits asper person eployed person ployed percentage of sales 1/
1959-100 1959-100
(1959 - 1965) (1959 - 1965) 1959 - 1960 1955 - 1966
( Ln constant pr- ces)
33 34 35
A. Consumer Goods 100.6 150.0
Food manufacturing 88.5 131.1 8.9 2/ 9-I
Beverares t tobacco 202.8 189.2 7.9 7.0
Textiles 99.4 144.7 6.2 3/ 4.8
Footwear & others
B. Intermediate Goods 90.6 167.9
Paper & paper products 93.5 153.9 ihL.6 11.5
Rubber products 100.8 126.1 8.4
Chemicals 79.0 202.2 13.9 17.7 7/
Petroleum products 45.4 95.6Leather & fur producta 120.9 107.2Wood & cork (excepting furniture) 138.1 142.1Frinting & publishing 125.6
C. Caoital GoodE 106.6 177.1
Non-metallic minerals 111.8 134.3 11.5 6/ 12.8 6/
Basic meLtals 12i4.8 197.IL 15.6 L/ 14h.6 4~/
Metal products 61.7 188.5Non-electrical machinery 133.9 181.7 ) 12.L
Electric m-abhin-ery 1113.5 172.3 10.1. 5/2.7
Transport equipment (excluding repairs) 78.9 135.2 ) 10.3
Total - Manufacturing Industry 111.0 183.9
1/ Source: Financial Statistics of Joint Stock Compariee in IndiA, Reserve Bank of India, 1967 p 149
2/ Sugar3/ Cotton textiles
! Iron and Steel5/ Engineering
;/ Cement7! BAsi, in.t,i1 heAi-1
TAILE 53
SO[E ST'RUCT'URAL. RELATIONSHIP IN INDIAN INIWJSTRY - 1959--65
Index of Change
1959 19?60 'L961 lq%J 1965 (1959-100)
1. Productive capital per f'actory (Rs thousand) 2,112 2,298 2,,405 hlL, I4 4,1680 221.62. Number of workers peir factory 353 :334 313 318 :294 83.33. Salaries, wages, etc. peir wcorker (Rs) 1,512 1,660 1,636 2,183 2,259 149.4L4. Ex-factory value of output per factory (Rs thousand) 3,272 3,619 3,718 14,602 14,770 145.85. Share of' latbor payments in value addled (%) 57.7 55.8 52.2 55.1 52.9 91.76. Salaries & arages as percentage of ex-factory
v aluei of output (%) 16.3 15.3 13.8 L4.8 13.9 85.37. Valu,e ad[ded as percentage of' output (%) 28.2 27.14 265.4 :26.7 26.2 92.98. Ratios Of:
(i) Productive capital to value added 2.29 2.31 ;2.45 3.51 3.73 162.9(ii) Productive c:apital to vaLue of output 0.65 0.63 0.65 0.914 0.98 15i.8
9. Productive capital per worker (Its) 5, 996 6,1387 7,679 13,888 15,937 265.8
Sources: Fifteein Years of Deocratic Planning, Vol. II SectoraL Developments, by S. Kesava Iyengar, Asia PublishingHouse, 1965, pc. 6593; Annual Survey of Industr-ies, 1965, CSO Calcutta, 1967, p. V.
Note: Coefficients of this table differ slightly from those calcULated in the tab'le on Growth and Structure ofIndiaLn industry, the latter relating exclusively to well-defined branches of manufacturing excludes non-classified manufacturing, gas and electr:icity, which were not eliminated from structural relationships ofthe present table.
TABLE r '
Class:ification of Lndian Impors by Main Groups
(:in lakhs)(pre-devaluation_ rupeesL
Q9;6 0/77/ T5973767 iZ7q7 95 197;7
A. Consumer Goods ImportsFoodl manufacturing 488 861 6,84 16i.t 1 96 1996Beverages 514 28 36 35 17 24Textiles 1?69 1J438 .5,96 992 §24 461Clothing 3 3 3'Furniture 11 8 114 11 10 16
Subtotal 22 1 '7 7
B. Intermediate Croods importsPaper & paper products 1;74 1; 5 1L309 1 38 1.373 1117Rubber products 3,2 8 L,8 139 1;L1 79 ,1i.Chemica]Ls 42,5'9 loQp8 9554 L367 13:76 ].89pS'Petroleum products 4927 5q22 433 39229 7112 9,56Leather products 3 3 5 7 6 4 7Wood & cork 149 53 50 52 26 18
Subtotal .L0_717 T0 16) 760) 3 0 of which fertilizers rit 3 ) )Imports of inter-
mediates wit:houtfertilizers (97,03) (13488) (L2;96) (12413) (ICf86) (L17,02)
C. Capital Goods Im cirtsNon.-metallic m_inGerals 42 '3 6,87 ,31 8,33Bas:Lc metals 1L6714() 15iA4 163,44 16640 11637 123459Metal products 26,46 'il81 :1499 l8l.0 16,93 8 1INon-electrical mLachinery 2013:L 281;L2 3:13,04 332)44 25857 24C90Electrical machinery 5614 8480 9422Transport equiprLent 69.214 H72 .4j 39241 4816351
Subtotal 213) _0__ ?;_Tota.l imports of' finished produc-ts
of mfg. origin 65v,77 804,44 814927 8593j4 68,4,2 67428UncLassiLfied 152 3 3L29 ;2 5 18,27 14E3 17Total imports of' manufactures 667,0() 537139 55@5 2 771 i9tImports of agricultural goods 1L599:3 19502 30,42 328 283 ,4 26Q,0:L
Imparts of industrial inputs 224323 l 189,85 33 2 2.97,6 8Total imports 5;09 3 131; _
Note: Values conf'orm to c.i.f. Source: Various issues of' the Monthly Stat;istJLcs of Foreign Trade of Id1iat publishedI1, 1Dy the Govt. of India, Dept. of C(nmercial. Intelligenqe and Statis' ics.
TABLE 55
Classification of iport , by Production CtalAgories
(in laldis Re)
0CI IL S ASI I 1 P O R T S I N D E I
I 'I EM ___I_T C 8! iFrwIxp~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~alue>Md Pr-qpees- I ! rp eea ---
022 Milk & cream mfg. 202 DairY produacts 46,! 853 666 647 2,185 1,330055 Vegetable preserved 203 Fruits & vegetables 2 1 3 3 2 1099 Food prepaations 209 Miacell. foods 24 7 15 14 i6 4£
112 Alcobolic beverages 211 Spirita (211-214:all beverages) sL! 28 __ 35 a 37
Food and Bevera&ea 5142 889 720 699 2,230 1,768 1,1413 1,120 100 80.9 78.6 158.9 125.9
313 Petroletin product 329 Miscell. products of potrelsom 4,927 5,822 4,133 3,329 2,702 1,509 1,i712 956 1tlO 70.9 57.1 29.4 16.4
412 Vegetable oils 312 Vegetable & animal oils 365' 420 480 883 1,126 1,557
3 8911 9r88 I.~ ~~~~~~~~'7 10 t 13,176 :18,009 100 95.41 113.5 131.6 179.9S Cheinials 311-319 Ohesicaels .91 5! 904 1.8 19 666 26.862
in bhich Fertilizer,s (1,067) (3,452) (2,896) (3,89) (8,970) (13,439) (5,5184) L8,516) (100) (83.9) (112.6) (164.6) (246.7)
61 Leather mfg. 291 (Tanneries)293 (leather p rod.) 31 5 7 6 7 11 4 7 100 110.0 120.0 80.0 140.062 Rubber afg. 300 Rubber products 32cl 198 139 ill 125 176 79 111 100 70.2 56.0 39.8 56.o63 Wood & cork mfg. 259 Cork and wood 49 53 50 52 62 28 26 18 10O 94.3 98.1 49.0 33.964 Paper' & mfg. 271 Paper & paper pratoots 1,1711 1,254 1,309 1,388 2,167 1,763 1,373 1,117 100 1014.3 lo06.6 109.7 89.065 Textiles (yarn, fab- 231 (Sping, vesving)232(krnitting) 1,769 1,338 1,596 922 985 727 6224 461 100 1V.2 74.1 46.6 34.4
ric, articlea) 233(cordags) 239 (textiles)66 Non-metallic minerals 331 (cl&)332(gl&sa)333(Pott4er) 625 543 687 631 1,315 1,764 1333 1,117 100 126.5 116.2 153.4 205.7
334 (emnit) 339 (othezra)681 Trcn & stel 341 Iraor & fteel 12,030 5',314 10,496 9,776 9,793 10,616 6,205 6,727 100 112.6 101l.9 66.6 72.2
B2-689 Non-ferrow mtalm 342 Non-forams metals 4.1710 'A 5 846 6 8-64 673 8,872 5,1J3 5 2 100 100.3 117.7 93.1 96..- Basic metals ISTIi5 !; h 3ei3 1Bin ic ', l3537 ' i 10 107.9 10598 76.8 5149
699 Nanufacturo of aetals 350 D. Metal products 2,Cr46 1,481 1,699 1,810 1,725 1i,4n 1,D93 894 100 114.7 12;.2 73.9 60.371 MachLnery eceept ele. 360 Macbinery except alec. 20,13:1 28,112 31,3C41 33,244 40,802 33,596 25,1357 21,290 100 ll.3 118.2 n1.9 75.772 Electricl macbinary 370 Electrical machinery 5,611 8,480 9,122 8,712 10,589 8,394 6,710 5,319 100 107.5 1012.7 79.1 62.773 Tranapolt eqoip.ut 381-389 Tracmport equipmot 6,9211 7,106 7,346 6,989 6,220 7,631 3,941 4,835 10O 103.3 96l.3 55.4 66.082 Fduiture & fixtures 260 FurmiLtue k fixtucres 1L 8 14 11 16 26 10 16 100. 175.0 137.5 125.0 2CO.084 Clothing 243 Wearing apparel 5 3 3 3 6 14 4 9 100 100.0 100.0 133.3 300.086 Profeasso al, acion- 391-3944 1,07:1 1,282 1,534 1,391 1,718 2,111 1,088 1,337 100 11.6 108.5 8].8 1C4.2
tific & controllinginstruments
89 Miscella mfg. articles 395-399 452? 2,013 701 436 576 597 365 378 l100 34.8 21.6 18.1 18.7
Tota1i lpor' X factrs *_.70!' 811.739 86.262 87.761 11a.83 _09.4_33 6
9. &5 !69.34 100 103.0 1011.8 83.5 82.8
Total Imorts 107.01t 122.285 134.9 139.404 207.835 197.427 131.707 125.112 100 110.3 113.9 107.7 1C02.3
difference, Imports of crud, inputs and comaodities 40,316 3f,546 48,641 51,643 97,452 87,991 61,762 55,769 100 126.1 133.9 160.2 11,4.6
imports of cereals (D4) 14,486 17',960 28,213 30,911 42,303 37,847
imports of fresh fruits & nute (051) 1 507 ].54_2 1922 1747 2 1108 8
15,502 3.1 2 ! 5 17 41,,030 28,334 26,00l- pure industrial inputs 24,323 1i1,014 18,45,9 28,985 52,741 46,964 33,428 29,768 100 97.1 9'R.6 175.5 156.3
TABLE 5'i
Eependence of the Indian Market fcr Manufactured Goods on Imports of Finished Products (Jn value terms)
O U T P U T _U T P U T I I P O R T S
960/61 15F63/64 19ti4/65 196g79; ~~~~~1960-/61 1-96C3/ci4 196U6 1-965/66 15 TOM/61 -19 i36 47 -- -19 67V 1-965~r7ZR.B.I. (including Govt.oweed enterprises) A.S.I.
ir, million dollaLrs in million dollars in m iaa dollars
A. Consumer Goocis Induitries
Fooc mnuf&cturir g 677 846 952 1,087 1,568 2,4517 2,896 2,816 10 18 14 14
Tobacco 138 187 218 259 249 309 338 417
Beverages 19 32 46 54 1 * , *
Textiles 2,104 2,742 3,036 3,256 2,121 2,895 3,265 3,365 37 28 33 21
Clotbing & footwear 22 484 47 50 A* *
FIurLiture 26 39 45 57 M , a a
PrivAte li ited companies 625 854 925 1,021
E;ubtota:L 3,544 4,529 5,131 5,623 4,405 5,776 6,637 6,759 48 46 47 35
B. Intw,mdiate Goods Industries
Paper & paper products 90 1T6 176 180 92 132 137 138 24 26 27 28
Rubber product. 90 123 129 138 105 1465 147 163 7 4 3 2
Chemicals 220 368 390 415 3177 592 658 766 219 z2 200 238Cbemicala ,iithcut fertilizers 73 1A 14s0 157Petroleum 4& petroleum producta 70 1]16 215 335 69 120 122 123 103 122 87 70
Leather producdets 63 45 60 68 * 4 i
Woocl & corl 41 53 64 67 1 1 1 1
Priniting & publislung 104 13b 131 137
?rivate limited cpaies 174 348 339 342
SubtotaL 644 1,131 1,249 lo10 1351 1,221 1,315 1,462 224 363 318 - 339
C. CapitLl Goodds Industries
Non-metalUc minerals 190 271 291 324 271 405 44i 526 13 11 14 13
Basic metals 456 917 1,026 1,130 1546 1,251 1,442 1,533 351 318 343 349
MetaL produJcts 175 366 430 469 218 390 401 485 43 31 35 38
Noo--electric macnrLnery 192 402 435 438 165 292 34ei 4L1 422 590 657 698
Electrical mchinary 136 314 374 403 151 248 288 349 1L7 178 191 183
Traunspart equipment 260 456 545 547 386 525 595 796 145 149 154 116
Privrate lisited coDmpanies 379 862 897 911
SubtotaL 1,788 3,588 3,998 4,222 1,337 3,111 3,526 4,100 1,091 1,277 1,394 1,427
T 0 T A L 5,976 9,348 1C,378 11,255 7,093 10,108 11,482 12,321 1,363 1,686 1,759 1,801
:Imports of indastriaL inputs 511 400 - ,20
1,874 2,1147 ~~~~2,200
-Equilibrium-'exchange rates: Fired exchange rate (1960-1965)
(1967/1968 9.56)1965 8.58 Rs. 4.762:US $1.001964 7.991963 7.641960 7.24
(*) below one riillion dclLars
TAE'L 57
Depence of uke Indian Market for Manufactured Goods on ci,orts of Finished Products (in %)
On the basis of RBI figures On the baai, af o SI fgfe
1 96O/y TT6 7 15T63 1 16W65 1965/66 1 960/61 1 997Z;1F T19M7FW51 965/c6
A. Consumr Goods Industries
Food manufacturing 1.,45 2.08 1.44 1.27 0.50 0.72 0.48 0.49Textiles 1.,72 1.33 1.07 0.614 1.71 0.95 1 .,00 0.62
Subtotal-consumer goods industries /1 1.33 0.98 0.90 0.61 1.07 0.60 0.,52 0.51
B. Internediate Goods Industrijes
Paper and paper products 21.,05 12.87 13.30 13.46 20.69 16.45 16.66 16.87Rubber prochicts 7.21 3.15 2.27 1.42 0.62 2.68 2.00 1.21Che1iealB 28,,80 36.33 33.90 36.45 19.10 26.18 23.31 23.70Cbiemials (without fertilizers) 24.91 27.27 26.41 27.44 16.22 18.90 17.54 17.00Petroleum and petroleum products 59.53 48.73 25.81 17.28 40.11 50.41 41.62 .36.27Wood and cork 2.38 1.85 1.54 1.47
Subtotal-intermediate goods industries /I 25.80 24.30 20.29 19.38 20.83 22.91 19.12 18.82
C. Capital G oods Industries
hon-netallie -ian l 6.,40 3.90 4.59 3.86 4.57 2.64 3.03 2.41Basic etatla 43.49 25.75 25.05 23.60 35.20 20.27 19.21 18.54oetel products 19,,72 7.80 7.52 7.49 16.47 7.36 8.0S 7.26
Non-electric machinery 68.73 59.47 60.16 61.44 71.73 59.47 60.16 61.4h3eactric machinery 46.24 36.18 33.80 31.23 43.65 41.78 39.87 34.40
Transport equipint 35.80 24.62 22.03 21.06 27.30 22.10 20.45 15.50
Subtotal-capital goods industries /1 37.,89 26.24 25.85 25.26 37.26 29.10 28.33 25.81
Total dependence - excludir4 industrial inputs 18.57 15.28 14.49 13.79 16.11 14.29 13.28 12.75
Total dependenre - includir4g industrial inputs 23.87 18.24 17.14 16.35 20.90 17.10 15.75 15
Dependecse of dcmeetic production on industriAlinputs 8.55 4.28 3.74 3.54 7.20 3.96 3.38 3.24
/1 Including itess not depending on imports
TABL.E 58
Behavior of Lmports under the Recession
(changes in %)
19654/65 over 1963/64 1966/67 over i965/66 1967/68 ovrer 1966/c67Domestic Domestic Domestic
Production 7[mpolts Production Imot Production Imports
A. ConranEir GoodsFood manufacturing + 3.76 - 2.93 + 4.35 + 110.24 - 1L3.15 - 21.49Beverages (& tobacco) +17.04 - 2,,78 + 7.65 - 51.43 - 6.2l4 + 41.17tTextiles - 0.99 -37.,85 -- 5.29 - 37.10 - 2.02 - 26.13Clothing +14.46 neirl. 4 8.73 negl. + 5.75 ilea
Subtotal + 1.02 ;---To-2. -- OT) -=t
B. Intermeidiate GoodsPaper & paper products + 8.10 + 2,21 + 8.99 + 2.61 + 3.68 - 18.65Rubber products +11.46 -20.15 + 0.50 - 28.83 + 6.86 + 40.50Cheicals + 9.00 +18,,97 4 4.75 + 15.91 + 3.28 + 36.613Petro1leum products + 5.38 -19,46 +2I&67 + 48.58 +22.48 - 144.16Leaater products + 0.82 negl. - 1.47 negl. - 14.14 niegl.Wood & cork +15.0' + 4,.00 -14.25 - 50.00 + 8.52 - 30.77
Subtotal + 9.73 _ _ * 1.03 +_15.41 + :5of which fertilizers n.a. +343 n.a. + W.11na.a, 79T25Subtotal without
fertilizers n.a. + 0.13 n.a. - 13.22 n.a. + 9.50
C. Capital Goodsto-n-mJIe c minerals + 8.36 - 8.16 - 0.74 + 32.01 + 4.29 + .34.09Basic metals + 3.21 + 1.81 + 3.61 - 30.07 - ,5.31 + 6.1.Metal products - 2.60 + 6.53 - 4.cio - 39.62 +46,88 - L8.21Non-electrical machinery +11.32 + 6.19 6.C03 - 22.23 - ,5.96 - L7.67Electrical Machinery +20.28 - 4.50 + 8.20 - 22.98 + 3.51 - 20.714fransport equi.pment + 7.87 - 4.86 17.14 43.62 - 8.45 + 22.68
Subtotal + 7.92 + 2 .05 _ 2 .1 7-
Total marnufacturing (finished goods) 27i +- - 20.30 - 1.20 - 7Indus,trial inputs 'TT * "7rb-Total impiorts of industrial goods
and inputs + 2.,33 - o.60 - 4.44
Source: Production change from the Index of Inclustrial Prodiuction. Imports from D.G.C.I.S.
TBLE 59 C I -, ,
'- ______1960 ;__965/66 196 6/67NP D7 orosCT - d . rctss fixed
Net fi:ed :-o ts As-sets Assets TotaL Assets Assets Total AsseLs 'Gross fiAed Assets Total Assets
A. Medium and Large Puablic Limiten rompanies
Group I (foodstuffs, textiles, leather) 366,3, 179,23 1,111,36 1,260,42 1,6d2,65Group II (metals, chericals) 634,91 652,12 955,60 1,631,05 2,101,02Group III (not elsewhere classified) 197,79 310,22 _3946, 533,01 664,34
Total ],D19,21 1 7,41, 7 2,617,78 ,22L,51 L,448,oi
S. Medium *_d Lar?e Private Limited Companies
Group IA. (foodstuffs, textiles, leather) 66,51 102,86 175,51 167,2C 291,02Group III (metals, chemnicals) 58,32 85,12 199,19 278,30 715,46G.roup IV (nst elsewhere classified) _ 308 54,21 _ 95,60 169, 241,52
Total 133.71 242.19 -170. 30 594,91 1.218.00
C. Government Owned Enterprises 516,72 571,55 728,J9 ],69,o1 2686,9619 1L997,X
Rsblic and 'rivate Industry (ABeB-C) - GRAND TOTAL 1,316,90 1,669,67 2,555,31 3,660,12 5,513,46 6,182,97 5,866,42 8,257,17
D. Large, Roltifins Holdings
i. Tata (non-financial, non-managing agencies) 162,64 463,58(only manufacturing industry) 2/ 135,31 10.27 399,0° (6.80)
ii. Birla (non-financial, norn-managing agencies) 46,98 666,88(only manufacturing industry) 2/ 46,05 3.50 421,10 (7.18)
iii. Martin Burn (non-financial, non-managing agencies) 47,92 153,71(onl,y manufacturing industry) .0,99 3.11 139,2'? (2.37)
is'. Mafatlal Group (non-financial, non-managing agencies) 6,15 lC6,51(only mamnfacturing industries) 6,15 0.47 105,7c1 (1,80)
r. Associated Cement Co. (non-financial, non-managing Co.) 24,36 91,31.(duily msnsfacturing industries) 24,36 1.85 90,51 (1.51.)
vi. Bangur Group (non-financial, non-managing Co.) 12,63 87,91.(only manufaicturing industries) 12,63 0.96 83,6? (1.b3)
i-ni Total (non-financial, non-manacing Co.) 300,68 1,3b9.96(only manufacturirng industries) 265,b9 (20.16) 1,239,33 (21.12)
E. Ahare of six largest houses in fixed assets of themanufacturing industry (in %) 20.16 21,12
1/ Estimatc.2/ Excluding power generation, shipping, trading, construction, mining, and other non-industrial activities.
Sources: i. Data on net and gross fixed assets and total assets of public and private limited com-anies were computed from finincial statements published in The Reserve Bank of Indiamonthly bulletins andx blown-up by the mission.
ii. Data on fixed assets of public enterprises were comnouted from Annual Reports on the working of Industrial and Coccissrcial undertakings of the Central Government publishedby the Bureau of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Finance.
iii. Dtta on assets of large multifirm holdinps(or "looses" in the lndian namenclatore)were computed from financial statements published in the Economic Times (January 3 and 8,1968), and from data, contained in rK. Hazari "The Gorcerate Private Sector - 'ocn-enLrAtion, Ownership and Control" Planning Commission, Government of India, 1966, and inL.A. Joshi nThe Control of Industry in India" Bombay 1765. The 1956 data relate to the "inner" circle only, leaving outside such assets, in which large houses holcd lessthan 50%.
Notes, i. While it is clear thaLt 1958 data or large houses relate to net fixed nsets (i.e. book raloe of fi-xed ass, excl-dinc deprecia':isn), 1966/67 data refer to "assets" in"eneral. The mission compared some components of these ca-a (such as assets in largest industrial plants in she hblding) with cr,pany reports and found that "assets"exceed considerably ' net fised assets" of olanoe sbeeets, in soom. ac.es hy mor' than thrice. tie -issinn assumed, usin; the opproyimation rule, toat "assets" correspondprobably to "gross assets" of these houses, with wrich thcy ar. crc-r,ed.
ii. Neither total net fixed assets for the whole iiost ry in 195b, ohr total -ssets f.r b7;.6667 are available. 2o estimate 1i-S total assets the mission has worked from1-63 backwards. According to the AhI daoa, srncrrti:e raot t. i industry grcr yf 12.65 in 1960 (compared ts 1959). The risolan accested the saoe rate of growth for1)53-1559, To calculate assets in 1966/67 an-tber sethls W- v sed. Secordin tot) he Flanning, Cromission, public investment ir i3rdostry amounted to 516 crones in1966/j7. In miet terms, hoverer, assets in Gorsmsst-ssrd ind,ustry haoe increased hi onnly ,03 crores. Ar-unt of nnun l in-estlent in private industry was, in recent
:rs, rogihls equal to that in the sorern-"nt scotor, i-ct private industrr assets were still 2.2 times larger. Tic riosts-n nas assumec therefore, thun withdrawals ofcapital in sri-rate industry were p.--orti inate tc the sotal casistl stock. It has s':h-tracter these withdrt,oals tram tie total es-timaed aroant of rivotae inrestren-t(the l;ater escAl to rpblic isneotrent) and ias added ttie residiua2 to 1965/66 assets.
TABLig 60: SPFEAD OF ACTI=TY OF LARGEST INDIAII MIULTIFLIY HOLDIlNGS (HOUSES)
Conceyntr3tiorl by fL z (1966/t;7) ~ Comce-tr. ----- Ltlion byc b,du3try e (1958t ries-et11 . thde5i,67 Total __T_t_l_ Bs.1 Metl l1oRaloeri. _ Papr M Ieooal hLneralo _ X Indt
lackhs rn. in all lakhe rin 7ekd r,75 1.81 re7g 13kh re. 1,81. rs. lakhe re. 2 lald r 1.h ,i Z
Tnt. - .21 -s-ot, 519,04 100.0 Tata - all aNeete 163,oOin --I.n - enumfoctorl3 lndu3trr 395',00 76.8 100.00 in A,ich:In vhich Tat. ron & Steel Co. 180,57 725 rnact-rtng
rat. Engineering & Locw.otO'-e 71,93 18.03 lnduntry 135,31 82.6 7,97 5.8 105,03 77.6 17,33 12.8 2,85 2.1 1,21 0.9 0.8Volta. Ltd. 31,04 7.78
Borl. - all ane...t 46tl,32 100.0 - all aecet. 63,75nc which - -nafact-rlog lniu3try 121,10 91.5 100.00 tn ehi6h:
in which, Hind-otan Alhn.inc 49,30 11.71 marn oactorLc,gHind-eta Motor. 0,.23 11.69 i,d.stry 146,o5 72.2 16,8b 36.6 0,1:7 1.0 7,97 17.3 11,18 24.3 o,74 1.6 0,12 0.3 4,38 0.9 18.0Orient Paper Mill 3. ,51 7.72
3.2
.rtiLn 8urn - .11 aeseta 16;,60 100.0 Martin Born - a11in ohich -oua.ttring indnetry 139,27 81..1 100.00 aeeete 48,29in ohIol. Indian Iron & Steel 118,13 i in .81ih,
Indian Standard Wago. 5,55 3.98 3amn.facturiAgWN;lRi inde.try 10,99 8.4o 38,42 93.7 2,54 6.2 0.1
Maf.tinl - a11 .... t. 11:1,13 100.0 matlal - a11 assete 6,19in which - nanuoct-t-ig induetrr 105,78 93.5 100.00 in Isich,in whchh Natlonal Organ.l Chrail Ind, 3l,95 .!oaenuf.tring
St.ndard K111. Co. 11,34 10.72 ind.stry 6,15 99.3 5,74 93.3 0,38 6.2 0.5Indian Dys.tff Indust1ry 11,09 10.
Ahccsiated C-ent Co,pa,Ies - all -asete 91,80 100.0 Associated CImnt -in hicch - -,anufactming induetrr 90,51 98.6 100.00 a11 aooet. o.a.in which, Aeee,clated C-,ent Co. 72,19 M. 7 in which,
ACC-Vi.k.re-Baboock 17,50 19.33 .na.,fturLYrgBabcock-Wllcor 0,82 0.91 Lndw try 2b,36 n. 241,36 100.0 0.0
Bang-r Group - a11 asset. 10-,45 100.0 Bangur Orr.p - a11Ln vhloh - -afn-act-rilnd uohotrr 8B ,67 80.9 100.00 .nets 14,47in which, Fort Oloater Indostrti. 11,97 -17i in hichi
Sh.ree Ligjar Cenent 10ic,8 12.95 ma,.otaourln,Bengal Pap.- Mile El. 5 10.20 ind-otry 12,63 87.1 5,99 47.b 0,21 1.6 3,41 27.2 0,12 0.9 2,60 20.6 0,15 1.2 1.1
Sourne. See Table 7.
TABLE 61.
Product,wdise Concentration of Industrial Licenses - Selected States.
(Percentages)
Mlahara- Gujarat lWest Madras Puijab+
shtra Bengal. Haryana
Machine Tools , . . . . . 33.72 6.3c 20.43 8.,51 lo,64
Industrial iachinery . . . . . . . 37.07 1.0.12 22.44 9.85 5.20
MIetallurgical Industries . . . . . 23.52 4.79 '25.66 7.53 10.09
Non-"ietallurgical Industries . . . . . 32.33 3.0:L 1L5.79 8.27 14.28
Road Transport . . . . . . . . 37.04 3.34 12.22 19.63 1.8.11
Bicycles & Miscellaneous transport equipment . . 17.42 3.79 16.67 9.85 1.8.11
Rubber & Leather Product ,. . . . . 21.38 3.45 28.28 151.31 3.45
Fruit Products and Vegetable Oils . . , . 19.59 11.46 3.82 7.00 4.62
TABLE 62
Share of Various License9e Categories of Private Corporate Sector in Paid-up Capital. (1958-1959).,Proposed ][nvestment on Machinery, and Value of Import of Capital Goodcs. (%)
Licensee Category No. of Cumulative Value of,comrpanies 7U.C. -Pops…
(1966) as in Invest- Irrnport of Capi.tal Goocds1958-59 ment ApTrnd Approved=ppronred ToI
on for clearly otherwise approvedmachinery
.1. 73 Large Houses . . . . . 7.38 44.15 54.47 59.24 61.95 57.09 59.,492. Their Second Tier Concerns . . . 0.57 0.83 1.00 0.908 0.68 1.14 0.923. Total of 1 ancl 2 . . . . . 7.95 44.98 55.47 60.22 62.63 58.23 60.,41
01 which
4. 20 Larger Housies . . . . . 3.74 30.37 39.97 40.23 47.38 31.94 39.565. Their Second ITer Concerns I . . . 0.45 0.67 0.74 0.E18 0.55 0.14 0.806. Total of 4 am 5 .. . . . . 4.19 31.04 40.71 41.11 47.93 32.98 40.367. Large Indiepencdent Cospanies . . . 0.22 8.49 6.97 6.82 5.98 5.27 5.628. Total of 3 and 7
(Large Iidusalria]L Sector) . . . 8.17 53.47 62.44 67.C4 68.61 63.50 66.039. Other Foreign Cozmpanies . . . . 0.51 1.17 1.81 1.40 1.43 1.t64 1.53
10. Other Comp>anies I. . . . . 91.32 45.36 35.75 31.56 259.96 34.8)6 32.44
U1. Total of 8,9 and 1O(Private Corporate Sector) . . . 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 LOO.00 100.00
Source - as Table 11
TABLE 63
Percentage Share of Various Licensee Categori,es of Private Corporate Sector zin 114umber of Licenses,Re.jections and Foreign Collaborations;.
Licensee Category No. of Number ofcompan.ies
(1966) Licences Rejections Collaboratiors
1. 73 Large Houses . . . . . . 7.38 30. 39 28.4o 39.102. Their Second Tie:r Concerns . . . 0.57 1.77 2.17 2.203. Tc-tal of 1 and 2 . . . . . 7.95 32. 06 30.57 4130
Of which
l. 20 Larger Houses . . . . . . 3.74 18()4 L7.9)4 23el45. The3ir Second Tier Concerns . . . . O.5 1.4l1 1.84 1.826 .roa.a:L of 4 and 5 4 . . . . . h.19 19.h 5 1L9.78 21h.967. Large Independent Co0npanies . . . . 0.22 5.60 2.20 5.838. T'1ota:L of 3 and 7
(Large Irndustrial Sector) . . . . 8.17 37.66 32.77 h7.13
9. Othier Foreign Com3panies . . . . 0.51 3-55 1.39 3q681C). Other Companies . . . . . 91.32 58.79 32.77 47.13
1]. TctaL of 8,9 and 10 . . . 100.00 100.00 1oCY00 00.0O(Private Corporate Sector )
Source - as Table 11
TA U-36
Zxrput and Acha,ewnent of Capacity and Production in Selected Indusrties
196r-611656Sr. Product ____of
No. Accounting Targets Licensed Achievements COt. 4 Tairgets Licensed Achievern4ents. Col- io 'Remarks.- -- capacity -- as a%- capac ity---- as a
as on Ins- Pro- of Capa- Pro- ais on Installed Produc- % ofCapa- Produc- 1-7-61 talled duction Col. I city ductionl 1-4-66capacity ~iorl 'Col- city tioni capaciry
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12
I. Cement Machinery . . .RS. Crores ... Ili o-6 . 4'5 4'5 23 65 2C100 4-9 44-4 @llhuiing
2. Diesel Engitnes (StaitiotAiLry) .ooo' Nos. .. .. 56E 47 7 43t 2 .. 72 2 .6-, 100 lo 93' I 138 s~cr a
3. Tractors . .. . Do. .. *. roo .. .. . 12 T0 33 15 5,6 r2l 0 Certain alread y
4. Power-drivers Pumips . . . Do. I48.. 1423 128 105 I. 584 550 189 8!5(b) 300 244 1o0869 isiviedlicences
5. Sugar Machinery .. Rs .CrDres .. .. 1x-6 4- 2 *.15 14 IT 71 16 7- 7 o6- 666. Alumtinium . - . .ooD'Tons 30 2,5 87- 5 is-i i8- 2 6o-313 87'5 80 278- 5(c) 87-6 64- 3Too.cs (b) ProvilionsJ
7. Machine Tools (Organised Sector) Rs . Croies .. 3 . 724 .30 30 66&-43 (b) 30 29 4 100- (0
8. D.D.T. . .. oooTonAs 2-8 2-B8 2- 8 Z. 2.8 x10000 2 8 2,8 4 2 2 7 2 7 96.42 (e; Indmio
9. Penk6in .. .. M. M.U. 40 410 .55 39. 7 137'5 120 120 265 115 103 95- 83 in publiciectr
10. Soap (Orgaxsised Sector) . .ooo'Tons, 357 300 25V -28 2 50 140 70- 02 25 50438 22 168 96. 95
xi. Dyeatuffs . . Million 27 22 28- 48 17- 05 ii-99 63-14 25 21'2 30-18** i22 IS- 7 89-00 'As onl 5-4-65.lbs.
12. Electric Laimps (G.L.S. & others) Mlfion Nos. So 50 . 47- 6 41- 8 957 2 76 68 125- 84 6!;-4 4518- 86-0~5
13. Sewing Machiines . , ooo'Nos. 8 5 3030 306. 7 267-4 347 3 314- 58 700 700* 564~ 6,o 600 85-71: MAditioriil v 5lakh to be
14. Paper Machinery. . Rs. Crores . 4 3.7 . -s . 8- 5 6- 5 9- 1:C 7 V 7 82-35 prodUCed inL ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Snmal Scale
15. Bicycles (Organised Sector) AZ11ion 09g P25 P3 1-12 v06 124- 44 2 2 2-0 T. 68. :18 r6 gr- Sx Sector.Nos.
x6. Paper and Paperboard oo,o'Tons 450 350 128.5- 43 450l '43 91-II Baa 700 1258-:;4 659-3 55i 8r-62317. Anti-dysentery DrWups - Tons -. -- -- 73.7 24'7 -. 75 75 76-6 *5'73 68-7 7'S.4
I&. Sulpihuric Acid .,.ooco,1,ons 50) 47D 1359.95 526 354 [~0572 I7,5O 150:0 2130-2 t3z2 7.5-5459. Stwoes Bl raie - . ooo' Nlos. 350 350 . 379. 3 5211 2 1o8-37 900 800 924-6 673 7085 74-77
ac., Steel Castings - . . oO0Tofls - 171-85 39 34 200 200 421- 4 2(d) 146 501 73 (i) EIdudm
ex. Dry Ba eien Million 2215 2 25 224-5 214-2 99- 77 4F 350 5%6 5 190 283 72 5Nos. q
a.Electric Hotae-servkie Metega Do. .. . 1- 78 0- 38 0-.51 .. 2-5 2- 1 2-I8 i's C6 72-0
TABLE 64 -. ConLt.Targets and Achiev~rentens of Capacity and Prdouction in 'Selected indwst tis
i1&30-61 1965-66
Si. Product Unit of Targets Acduevements 'Targts Achievenwits (N~. roNo. AccoDunt- -- -- -Liiwised------- Col. 4 --- -Lias --- ---- a or Rema r
ing. Capa.- Pro- aLpacity rnstal- Pro- as a Ospa- Prod- capacity fnsta 1ro-% ofcity duiction as on, tailed diuctioni % of city ducticat as on- led duction (;oL 7
1-7-61 capacity Col. I i-4-66 caipcity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12
2.Electric Tmansformiers (Below 33 Million I.9 1-36 2-846,i 1-4 139 93 33 4.0 3 5; 7"39 8 3-09 7p-o
24. LesS . . 0oio-ron .. . 9 6-o 3.7 .. 85 8-o I110 519 4-9 6? 41s.AxibtimobiIe Tyres . Million 1V46 1'46 32 4 I61 2-49 110-27 3'7 3- 0 V4 5 2'4 7-56
a6. cutiic: Soda . Tos 50 1:35 380-32- I4 97 82- 66 S00 340 695-16 264t 214 0mik"mi tTubms .miDon .. * *7 *. 7 6 17'99 4'5 4. 3 6428
Ai . Nimh66Tn 253 230 476 268~ TO 105 92z 530 450 705'52 319 Xi5 iB
~~ Fans Mi~~~~~~~~~1on o~~~-6 0-65 s-68 174 vo6 290- c0 2 8 2-5 1. 7 I-64 1-36 585719*aiyetic Deeget. . O'ois . . .. 7 - . 00 2- 27 12 ~
3i.,Steel Foriflgnp . . .ooorrons 4. . 7 43 35 .. 200 200 300-3 '05 68 W475
3& N pg~ao2e3tiia (In tems Do. 382 290) 1047-05 158- 3 97'2 41'43 1000 8oo 2059-_8a 491 223-4 41W7
39. ~4W1 Rukgsi, 'rianiaed Sector) cio'Nos. 213 300 .. 79 ala 130.98 9@0 Boo 699 413 35O 415-?V6.1 Pbil .tfc FertiLizerr (In terms of 9Wc'Tons 120 130 3618-05 57'3 53 1052: 500 400, 335 35 229-7 1,12 4V44-
35.- -COPer . . . De. . .. I5-6(a) 9- 8 8-8 .. 22 20) 70-36 g-8 gr6 46'sw (do asollernad
36. BikwcleTym,. . buiin-e I-B IIS 291 3 15-17a u'I' 1 1S-13 31-6 30- 9 39e53 x65 i8-1 45-7&
37. SulPha Drugs o oo'Ton. o- 44 0-441 . 0117 ID, 1 84-09) P:0 IL,0 P.2 0.37 0 213 370
338. Newaoprinl . . Do. 60 60D 120 30 212- 9 50-0 ID 50 120 26x-Sz8 (f) 30 30 20. 0 (1) Imtid=City 0r
Sources: I. Progmrmana r4 Indwria1-& elopmmmt x936--6s, v Y6-66.2. Fourtlh Five Year Plan, Draft Outline. 03. FcOrth Five Year Plan, Draft, 1969-2,,4. Holndbook of lindusuta Data D)G I,1966.
6. Mont Satstc ai~r I tic of SeImcaed limisari in WIe Now--Dec. z067 (C. S..- 0.7. LmU drcapscy Spiem have been tmhmn bfis ASmA& Ph.mr bri 1th and uibt is rp,;of 8mal Advbm ComI of I=m**w~
T'ak.a frcs Reiport of the Incmutria2l Liceimsing Po'licy Inbquiry Coumtittee, Qoverrme.t oif Intdia., Jul.y 15969.
TABLE 65
PLAN CUrPUT TAROFTS AND ACHIEITNTS HN MAJOR INDUSTRIFS
First Five Tear Plan Secoed Five Tear PFi Third Five Tear Plan Arnal Plane
Base Tear Target Achleveasnt Target Achievesent Targe t Achievesat Target Achies et Target Achiavemet TargotIndustry ud &&in raresentaLtie rDuost Unit 1950/51 1955/56 196G/61 1965/66 1966/67 1967/68 1968/1i9
A. Consumer Goode
Food ssufactwringl Sugar Million tons 1.14 1.52 1.89 2.3 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.9
Cotton textiles, Cloth (s1i1 sada) Million eters 3,727 5j200 4,852 4,892 4,701 5,30h 4,587 h,800 4,202 4,200 h,200 41,310
B. Intersediate GoaLs
rape 2, Papr producte Papr AI paperboard Thoeaand tons 116 203 19° 35ei 359 700 561 580 585 650 620 635
Chedcilae Sulphutric cid * 101 203 167 47f 360 1,500 654 1,X 7C02 850 775 1,120Aucmnius ulapb te * 9 91 8C 29; 98 800 233 400 310 521 350 6DDSuplr phoaphatea s 9 30 12 122 54 400 122 200 1i14 266 200 300Cawtic ends* 11 34 3S 135 100 340 218 300 226 312 260 320
Petroleum products YdltOm to - n.a. 3.1 1.1, 5.8 9.9 9.5 11.9 15.2 13.6 15.2
C. Capital (Goda
Non-metallic ainaralsa Cemet 41lli tone 2.7 4.9 4.7 13.2 7.9 13.2 10.8 12.5 11.1 13.2 11.5 12.5Mlass Thousand tons 94.0 170.0 127.1' 203.0 229.0 44 7.0 296.0 m 31a) 3 330
Boasic nets t Finished steel MIllIon tons 1.0 1.7 1.71 4.3 2.2 6.8 4.5 5.2 b.4 5.7 4.1 5.5A1oinIL Tboasaru tons 4.0 12.2 7.51 25.14 18.3 80.0 61.4 100.0 75.2 113.0 SS.5 110.0Copper * 6.7 7.6 8.8 20.0 9.4 9.6 9.3 10.10 9.5 9.5
Non-.lectricaLeachinery: Mbckina tools Ra. lakis 34 7S 30t) 550 3,000 2,930 3,500 2,9i0 2,S00 2,400 2,500Powar driven !
pumps Thousand No. 35 82 37 86 105 150 261 300 309 3tS 350 400Diesel egineas 5.5 50.0 i0.1 22.0 43.2 66.o 93.1 100 112 12 1$5 .10
Transport equipment, ntatobles 3/ 16.5 30.0 25.2 68.0 53.5 100.0 70.6 75.5 74.5 8t.0 65*.2 78.0Rail,sy 7leanotives Nuobers 7 90 175' 400 272 2h10 137Ship
1oaIlding Thousand Mri - 10.0' 18.0 9.5 10
Electrical machian, Transformers 1/ Million Ivs 0.18 0.45 0.63 1.:6 1.39 3.50 1.2 4.0 2.6 3.I0 4.2 6.0Motors 2/V Million H.P. 0.10 0.32 0.27 0. 60 0.70 2.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.4
Sourcms The First flve-Tear Plan p 44k4-45D. Seconi Fin-Tsr Plan pp 388, 411-412, 417-428. Thtrd Five-Tsar Plwie pp 35, 4ij54. Fourth Five-Tear Plan p 289Annusi Plit Progreae Report 1966-67 p 53, 126, 140-143. Annual Plan 1967-68 p.
8 6. Annual Plan 15'68-69 p 134
j 33 KY sod above2/ 200 H.P. and below3/ Cmaercial, passerger, Jeepa & station r.gona
Ncte: Plan target for Industrial p:oduotiu a-re set in physical units. T, illustrate anticIpatIons and actual evolution ~f mio Indh-trio., the Miosio ha. choon £ afew of the noat representative itens in each brandh.