Internal Citations:

“But I changed a few of the words…”

Plagiarism, plagiarism, go away.

My paper will be better without your say.

I cite my sources everyday

So I won’t be a plagiarizer anyway!

Strategies for Avoiding Plagiarism 1. Put in quotations everything that comes directly

from the text especially when taking notes. 2. Paraphrase, but be sure you are not just

rearranging or replacing a few words. Instead, read over what you want to paraphrase

carefully; cover up the text with your hand, or close the text so you can't see any of it (and so aren't tempted to use the text as a "guide"). Write out the idea in your own words without peeking.

3. Check your paraphrase against the original text to be sure you have not accidentally used the same phrases or words, and that the information is accurate.

Quotation:Definition: using someone's words. When

you quote, place the passage you are using in quotation marks, and document the source according to a standard documentation style.

The following example uses the MLA style: Example: According to Peter S. Pritchard in

USA Today, "Public schools need reform but they're irreplaceable in teaching all the nation's young" (14).

ParaphrasingDefinition: using someone's ideas, but

putting them in your own words. You will use this the most when incorporating

sources into your writing. Although you use your own words to

paraphrase, you must still acknowledge the source of the information.

Steps for Paraphrasing1: Make sure you are not just

rearranging

or replacing a few words. 2: Instead, read over what you want to

paraphrase carefully; cover up the text with your hand, or close the text so you can't see any of it (and so aren't tempted to use the text as a "guide"). Write out the idea in your own words without peeking

Steps for Paraphrasing Cont.

3: Check your paraphrase against the original text to be sure you have not accidentally used the same phrases or words, and that the information is accurate.

Paraphrasing Example: ORIGINAL text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden: A Case Book of

Family and Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams et al.:

The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade.

What makes this Plagiarism??

The increase of industry, the growth of cities, and the explosion of the population were three large factors of nineteenth century America. As steam-driven companies became more visible in the eastern part of the country, they changed farm hands into factory workers and provided jobs for the large wave of immigrants. With industry came the growth of large cities like Fall River where the Bordens lived which turned into centers of commerce and trade as well as production.

The passage is considered plagiarism for two reasons: The writer has only changed around a few

words and phrases, or changed the order of the original's sentences.

The writer has failed to cite a source for any of the ideas or facts.

If you do either or both

of these things, you

are PLAGIARIZING

Plagiarism=FAIL

CORRECTLY Paraphrased passage:

Fall River, where the Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing, and as immigrants arrived in the US, they found work in these new factories. As a result, populations grew, and large urban areas arose. Fall River was one of these manufacturing and commercial centers

(Williams 1).

Using both…

Fall River, where the Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the nineteenth century. As steam-powered production shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing, the demand for workers "transformed farm hands into factory workers," and created jobs for immigrants. In turn, growing populations increased the size of urban areas. Fall River was one of these manufacturing hubs that were also "centers of commerce and trade" (Williams 1)

SUMMARIZING DEFINITION: a comprehensive and usually

brief abstract, or compendium of previously stated facts or statements.

Should be just a couple lines in your own words.

SUMMARIZING VS PARAPHRASING

Paraphrasing and summarizing are very similar. Both involve taking ideas, words or phrases from a source and crafting them into new sentences within your writing. In addition, summarizing includes condensing the source material into just a few lines. Whether paraphrasing or summarizing, credit is always given to the author.

DO IT RIGHT!

Mona Lindsey: By Ms. Berry

How do I know what to cite??

Common knowledge: facts that can be found in numerous places and are likely to be known by a lot of people.

Example: John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States in 1960.

This is generally known information. You do not need to document this fact.

Common Knowledge:

Use this rule: If you knew a piece of information before you started doing research, generally you do not need to credit it. You also do not need to cite well-known facts, such as dates, which can be found in many encyclopedias. All other information such as quotations, statistics, and ideas should always be cited in your papers.

Introducing Quotes

First time you use that source you must introduce the source: According to Professor Smith from Harvard Law,

“The famous Chicago lawyer Clarence Darrow defended Scopes brilliantly at the trial” (283).

Second time + introduction is not necessary: “Darrow is a professional when it comes to

reading the jury” (Smith 283).

Tags or Phrases to Introduce Quotes:

According to Professor Smith from Harvard Law, “The famous Chicago lawyer Clarence Darrow defended Scopes brilliantly at the trial” (283).

Professor Smith acknowledges, “The……. The well know Professor from

Harvard Law, Professor Timothy

Smith insists, “The……

Long Quotations

For quotations that extend to more than four lines

omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote

indented one inch from the left margin; maintain double-spacing.

Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. You should maintain double-spacing throughout your essay.

ExampleNelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:

They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity

was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

When in doubt of MLA format:

Check the MLA guide

Owl at Purdue

Works Cited: http://btwlibrarybuzz.wikispaces.com/file/view/plagiarism.jpg/100829007/plagiarism.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.keble.ox.ac.uk/students/student-support/

study-skills-and-assistance/plagiarism/plagiarism.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.keble.ox.ac.uk/students/student-support/study-skills-and-assistance/plagiarism/&usg=__EXVqi4WTw_mhIs8qa5fcrn8E54k=&h=234&w=420&sz=19&hl=en&start=58&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=KvR1xZQSJNDu8M:&tbnh=70&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplagiarism%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40%26um%3D1

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://library.austincc.edu/gen-info/plagiarism_theft.jpg&imgrefurl=http://library.austincc.edu/gen-info/facplagiarism.htm&usg=__7X9SgEgCsBbngRM_VwOmetAA0Wg=&h=205&w=450&sz=37&hl=en&start=37&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=d1QmVZiuUN-YcM:&tbnh=58&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplagiarism%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20%26um%3D1

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.englishlit.pitt.edu/images/botero_monalisa.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.englishlit.pitt.edu/lit_plagiarism.html&usg=__4RUR8LJGjz39Lxcj6vy6vJ7MVvk=&h=400&w=355&sz=31&hl=en&start=32&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=4GaHhP3hwHtbeM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplagiarism%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20%26um%3D1

http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/paraphrasing.php http://www.ling.rochester.edu/~feldman/philosophy105/09-analogies.html