interim report on the development of road safety infrastructure … · 2020. 1. 14. · singapore...
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Julian THG KWONG Road Safety Consultant
Interim Report on the Development of Road Safety Infrastructure Facility Design Standard
for the Asian Highway Network
Development of Road Infrastructure Safety Facility Standards Expert Group Meeting on Asian Highway
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
3-4 October 2016
Contents
• Background and Objectives
• Basis of the Work
• Scope of the Design Standard
• Development of Contents
Overview
• Formulation of a design standard with both mandatory requirements and recommendations
• Asian Highway Network member countries shall make every effort to comply with the design standard within reasonable timeframe
Applications
• Online highway improvement or upgrading projects
• New bypass projects
• New addition of roads to the Asian Highway Network
• Dedicated road safety improvement projects
• Routine maintenance activities
Vision Zero – Zero Death or Serious Injuries
Three-Star Rating
Best performing countries
Objectives of the Design Standard
Current Situation
Long Term
Diversity of Asian Highway Routes
Google Street View
Google Street View
Google Satellite
Diversity of Asian Highway Routes
Current Status of the Network
• Class I roads have the highest fatality rate by km
• Class II/III roads have the highest fatality rate by veh-km
• Development towards more Primary, Class I and Class II roads
• Class III roads and below will continue to exist for some time
Contents
• Background and Objectives
• Basis of the Work
• Scope of the Design Standard
• Development of Contents
Work Flow
International References - UNECE-TERN - Europe/Australia etc - International organizations
Key References - AASHTO/FHWA - Korean Standard
Information from AH Participating Countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Korea, Thailand)
Output by Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC)
Design Standard
Integration by Consultant in collaboration with KEC
Intergovernmental Agreement on The Asian Highway Network
RIFs Output from iRAP
International References
Selection Criteria
• Well-performing countries
• Pioneering design concepts and practices
• Design standards accessible
Asian Highway Network member countries
International reference countries
US
Canada Australia France Germany Norway Netherlands Switzerland United Kingdom Sweden
36
Singapore
Japan
Fatalities per 100,000 Population
< 5 mainly 10 - 25
International References
Netherlands - Sustainable Safety - Self-explaining Roads - Traffic calming - Bicycle infrastructures
Germany - New Rural Road Design Standard
United Kingdom - Aggressive research - Elaborate design standard - Innovations
United States - AASHTO Standards - Forgiving Roadside - MUTCD
Sweden - Vision Zero - 2+1 Roads
Norway - Vision Zero - Mountain roads
France - Expressways - Mountain roads - Intersections/Roundabouts
Australia - Vigorous developments - Abundant research
Trans European Road Network (TERN) Trans-European Motorway (TEM)
International E-Roads
• Contiguity/Overlap with Asian Highways
• Road design standards for TERN, TEM and tunnels
UNECE Design Standards
Contents
• Background and Objectives
• Basis of the Work
• Scope of the Design Standard
• Development of Contents
APPENDIX 1 RIF DESIGN GUIDELINE
Proposed Design Standard
Mandatory
Annex IV ASIAN HIGHWAY ROAD SAFETY INFRASTRUCTURE STANDARDS
Recommendations
Annex III IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNAGE OF THE ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK
Annex II ASIAN HIGHWAY CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGN STANDARDS
Annex I ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK
INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENT ON THE ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK
Considerations
• Long term vision Vs Short term issues
• Feasible across different countries
• Compatibility with national standards/practices
• Harmonization of practices
• Flexibility with alternative solutions
• Amenable to updating
• Subtle use of wordings
• “shall” (mandatory)
• “should” (highly recommended)
• “It is advisable to” (recommended)
• “may” (optional depending on circumstances)
Road Infrastructure Facilities (RIFs) selected by iRAP
A-1 Line marking
A-2 Chevron mark
A-3 Raised pavement marker
A-4 Flexible delineation posts
B-1 Roadside barrier
B-2 Median barrier
B-4 Central Hatching
B-5 Crash cushion with channelization
B-6 Safety barrier end treatment
B-7 Clear Zones
C-2 Centreline/Edge line Rumble Strip
D-1 Pedestrian crossings
D-2 Sidewalk (footpath)
D-3 Pedestrian Fences
D-4 Pedestrian Refuge Island
E-1 Protected turn lane
E-2 Intersection Channelization
E-3 Roundabout
F-1 Speed hump
F-2 Visual Traffic Calming
F-3 Automatic Regulation Cameras
G-1 Bicycle Lane
G-2 Exclusive Motorcycle Lanes
H-2 Lighting
H-7 Sight distance
Anti-glare Facilities
Potential Road Safety Topics for Inclusion
Road Network Development
Road Infrastructures
• Overtaking Strategy
• Parking Areas, Service Areas, Rest Areas
• Long steep grades
• Climbing lanes
• Service roads
• Wrong-way driving
• Wildlife facilities
• Noise abatement Facilities
Tunnels
Intersections
• Grade-separated Interchanges
• U-turn facilities
• At grade railway crossings
Road Signage
• Traffic Signs
• Directional signing
• Asian Highway signing
Speed Limits
• Integration into the design standard is recommended
Multi-lane roads onto existing alignment
Road Network Development Interface Issues
Class 1
Class 2
Online improvements Class 1
Class 2 Class 2
Online geometry onto existing alignment
Class 2
Class 3 Class 3
Temporary termination via interchange
X X X X
Temporary termination onto existing roads
Contents
• Background and Objectives
• Basis of the Work
• Scope of Design Standard
• Development of Contents
Proposed Annex IV Road Safety Infrastructure Standard
Google Street View
Rock Slope (aggressive) Guarded by Safety Barrier
Clear Zone
Passively Safe Sign
Median Safety Barrier
Shoulder
Safety Zone comprising Shoulder and Clear Zone
Roadside Safety and RIFs
Sample
Sample Texts of Annex IV
Traffic Calming for Towns and Villages
Major village Market town
Small villages Isolated houses
80
Enhancement of safety level
Traffic Calming with Speed Management
50
(70)
Gateway Sign
60
(40) (70)
RIF Design Manual
• Definition and Functions WHAT & WHY
• Provision Criteria WHERE & WHEN
• Locations
• Conditions for application
• Technical Requirements HOW
• Layout, Dimensions
• Capacity, Performance, testing standard
• Construction, operation, maintenance
• Precautions
• Targeting at critical issues and common concerns
RIFs are interdependent of each other • Priority intersections on Class I roads Involve median barriers,
protected turn lane, side road channelization island, visibility, end treatments, signing/markings, speed limit etc
Google Satellite
V =< 8km/h
8km/h <V =< 16km/h
16km/h <V =< 40km/h
V > 40km/h
If poor visibility around bend
Enhance measures exceptionally according to circumstances
RIF : Chevron Marks • Within the context of a bend signing system
Source: CEREMA, France
Provision Criteria
• Sharp bends which – requires approach traffic to reduce speed substantially
– are not conspicuous due to an open background
– are not clear due to presence of intersections or tangential features
– have poor visibility
Technical Requirements
• Sign height between 600mm and 900mm
• Facing drivers at right angle
• Mounting height ~ 1m-1.5m, higher for crests
• Installation intervals
• Passive safety
RIF : Chevron Marks
RIF : Protected Turn Lanes (Hatched Markings)
• Reduces risk of rear-front collisions
• Encourages more cautious maneuvers
Google Street View
Provision Criteria
• Crossroad and T-intersections with turning traffic >300 vpd
Technical Requirements
• Symmetrical or asymmetrical layout
• Turning lane between 3.0m and 5.0m
• Through lane between 3.0m and 3.5m
• Hard shoulder >1.75m (1.5m min) if used by pedestrians and slow traffic
• Geometry based on approach taper, diverge taper, deceleration length and queuing length
• Possible enhanced delineations
RIF : Protected Turn Lanes (Hatched Markings)
Priority Intersections
• Need to regulate types of intersections permitted
• Strict requirements for Class I roads
Source: CEREMA, France
Sample Texts under Development
Julian THG KWONG Road Safety Consultant
Interim Report on the Development of Road Safety Infrastructure Facility Design Standard
for the Asian Highway Network
Development of Road Infrastructure Safety Facility Standards Expert Group Meeting on Asian Highway
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
3-4 October 2016