INTER VEHICLE COMMUNICATION

R.S.M.N.PRASAD.

RAJESWARI.

OUTLOOK Introduction Motivation Overview of Smart Vehicle Architecture Types of Communication Classes of Information and Information Parameters Types of IVC Challenges ,Real Time Applications and Attacks Security Architecture Advantages Disadvantages Real Time Examples Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

What is Inter Vehicle Communication?

Communication among drivers and vehicles in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Communication conducted between onboard information equipment

IVC enables the service of exchange and distribution of data

MOTIVATION

Study shows - “About 60% roadway collisions could be avoided if the operator of the vehicle was provided warning at least one-half second prior to a collision”

Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year on the European Union’s roads, with around 1.7 million people incurring critical injuries.

The annual costs associated with traffic accidents total nearly 3 percent of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP), or roughly US$1 trillion.

Number of vehicles is increasing faster than the number of roads, leading to frequent traffic jams.

Constraints of human drivers’ perception Line-of-sight limitation of brake light Large processing/forwarding delay for emergency events.

STATISTICS

CarsCars TrucksTrucks(class 7, 8)(class 7, 8)

On-road populationOn-road population 231 million231 million 3.5 million3.5 million

Annual New Vehicle SalesAnnual New Vehicle Sales 16 million16 million 260, 000260, 000

Annual VMTAnnual VMT 8,4008,400 63,00063,000

Total FatalitiesTotal Fatalities 37,44637,446 4,3904,390

Total InjuriesTotal Injuries 2,672,0002,672,000 116,000116,000

Estimated Total cost of Estimated Total cost of crashescrashes

$188 billion$188 billion $30 billion$30 billion

OVERVIEW OF SMART VEHICLE

F o r w a r d r a d a r

C o m p u t i n g p l a t f o r m

E v e n t d a t a r e c o r d e r ( E D R )P o s i t i o n i n g s y s t e m

R e a r r a d a r

C o m m u n i c a t i o n f a c i l i t y

D i s p l a y

TERMS

EDR – • used in vehicles to register all important parameters such as velocity, acceleration, etc.

especially during abnormal situations, such as accidents• This data is used for reconstruction.

Forward radar-• Used to detect any forward obstacles as far as 200 meters

Positioning System-• Used to locate vehicles• Accuracy can be improved by knowledge of road topology

Computing platform-• Inputs from various components is used to generate useful information

PICTORIAL VIEW

FLOWCHART OF IVC

ARCHITECTURE

KEY COMPONENTS

On-board Equipment (OBE): human machine interface vehicle interfaces, (to on-board networks) Applications, memory and processing positioning, (GPS and dead-reckoning system) communications functions (radio, antenna, etc)

Roadside Equipment (RSE): access “nodes” positioned along highways, at traffic intersections and other locations includes a DSRC radio, GPS, processor, and router to send messages back through the IVC Network

Network: The IVC Network interconnects the road-side RSEs, network services, and the

network end-users

GENERAL VIEW

Center for Information ProcessingCenter for Information ProcessingVehicle to Vehicle Communication

Vehicle to Infrastructure to Vehicle Communication

The VehicleThe Vehicleas a part ofas a part ofthe Networkthe Network

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

Vehicle to Vehicle Communication – It demonstrates properties of both peer-to-peer network and mobile ad-hoc

network. In Peer-to-peer systems participants rely on another for service rather than

solely relying on a dedicated and centralized infrastructure A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile hosts with wireless

communication capabilities forming temporary network.

Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication – Information is available from roadside sources uses 63 GHz band Ex- Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) allows for electronic payment of highway tolls communication is traditionally via microwave or infrared techniques, more

recently through GPS technology an electronic monetary transaction occurs between a vehicle passing through

a toll station and the toll agency

TECHNOLOGIES

Broadcasting Technologies: I2V: RDS/TMC, DAB, DVB, DVB-H, S-DMB, T-DMB

Short Range: I2V: DSRC V2V: DSRC, UWB/SRR

Long Range: V2I/I2V: GSM, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, Wi-Fi, WiMAX V2V: GSM, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, Wi-Fi

In-Vehicle Systems: Bluetooth, ZigBee

ACTIVE COLLISION WARNING /AVOIDANCE SYSTEM By continuing with the passive safety technologies, it will be difficult to

reduce crash costs

Thus people have started developing active safety features in order to reduce costs

The introduction of automotive collision warning/ avoidance systems represents the next significant leap in vehicle safety technology

Automotive collision warning systems try to warn drivers of an impending collision event. Allowing driver little bit extra time to react

If the collision warning systems are built in conjunction with drive by wire technology, then the system could try to automatically maneuver the vehicle in order to avoid an impending collision

VEHICLES PARAMETER

There are two types of parameters: Static and Dynamic

Static Parameters: The static parameter indicates the size of the vehicle and the location

of its GPS receiver within itself.

Dynamic Parameters: The dynamic parameters are vehicle’s position (Xn,Yn), speed

acceleration, direction and the status of the brakes, steering

wheel, gas paddle, turn signal etc.

CLASSES OF INFORMATION

Movement Related – speed, velocity, acceleration, etc

Traffic Related – number of vehicles, traffic volume, density, congestion

Passenger Related – weather related information,

MOVEMENT RELATED WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Technologies Used:-

Magnetic Nails Magnetic Tape Live wires Radar for imaging Car to car communication Infrastructure to car communication

TRAFFIC RELATED WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Infrastructure Based:-

Adjusting traffic flow Operation on individual vehicle

Vehicle Based:-

Automated Collection Providing Warnings

PASSENGER RELATED WIRELESS TECHNOLOGYProviding Information to passengers

WeatherTrafficGeneral News

Interaction with passengersWeb accessRouting, food/hotel/fuel inquiriesAccess to special services.

OPEN PROBLEMS

Data Verification:- can be achieved by data correlation mechanism but such mechanisms are in design stage

Secure Routing:- In vehicular networking messages need to be delivered to specific areas for example:- in the case of traffic jam queue, this can be achieved by position based routing protocols but none of the solution is secure

DoS Resillience:- DoS and jamming problems can not be completely solve by frequency hopping

CHALLENGES IN IVC

Liability Vs Privacy:- Accountability and liability of the vehicles is required and context specific information such as coordinates, time intervals should be possible to extract but such requirements raise privacy concerns

Real Time Communication:- Driver assistance applications are time sensitive therefore security protocols should impose low processing overhead

Vehicular Network Scale:- With roughly billion vehicles,

the design of a facility that provides cryptographic keys is big challenge

PRIVACY:-WITH VEHICULAR NETWORKS DEPLOYED, THE COLLECTION OF VEHICLE SPECIFIC INFORMATION FROM OVERHEAD VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS WILL BECOME PARTICULARLY EASY

REAL TIME APPLICATIONS

FleetNet:- The Internet on the road project was set up by six companies and three universities in order to promote the development of inter vehicular communication

CarTALK:- Focused on developing new driver assistance systems which are based on inter vehicle communication for safe and comfortable driving

Network On Wheels (NOW):- The main objectives of NOW are to solve technical key questions on the communication protocols and data security for car to car communication

Advance Driver Assistant System In Europe (ADASE):- ADASE project has a mission to increase the road and traffic safety in Europe by avoiding collisions before they occur

APPLICATION OF IVC

Information and Warning Functions:-

Dissemination of road information to vehicles distant from the subjected site

Communication based longitudinal control:-

Exploiting the look through capacity to avoid accidents, platooning vehicles etc.

Co-operative Assistant Systems:-

Coordinating vehicles at critical points

Added Value Applications:-

Internet Access, Location based services, Multiplayer games

PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURE

A

B

PKI

Security servicesPositioning

ConfidentialityPrivacy

...

CA

PA PB

Shared session key

SECURITY ARCHITECTURE OF IVC

ADVANTAGES:-

• Stop And Go Adaptive Cruise Control

• Co-operative Driving

• Hazard Warning

• Merging and Lane Changing Warning

• Inter/Intra Platoon Communication

STOP AND GO ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL

Taking over automatic braking and driving when vehicles are in traffic jam

CO-OPERATIVE DRIVING

Co-operative driving exchanges respective data such as position velocity etc

HAZARD WARNING

includes obstacle warning, stopped vehicle warning and slowing down warning

MERGING AND LANE CHANGING WARNING

Safe and smooth lane change and merging with communication

INTER/INTRA PLATOON COMMUNICATION

Ad-hoc communication between vehicles

DISADVANTAGES:-

Bogus Traffic Information Disruption of Network Operation Cheating with Identity, Position or Speed Jamming Forgery

BOGUS TRAFFIC INFORMATION

Traffic jam

ahead

DISRUPTION OF NETWORK OPERATION

SLOW DOWN

The way is clear

CHEATING WITH IDENTITY, POSITION OR SPEED

I was not there!

JAMMING:- THE JAMMER DELIBERATELY GENERATES INTERFERING TRANSMISSIONS THAT PREVENTS COMMUNICATION

FORGERY:- FAST CONTAMINATION OF LARGE PORTIONS OF THE VEHICULAR NETWORK COVERAGE AREA WITH FALSE INFORMATION

CONCLUSION

Design of communication protocols in IVC is extremely challenging

Protocols have potential to support many new innovative applications

These technologies can greatly enhance the infotainment, safety, comfort, communication and convenience value of new vehicles.

As vehicles become “smarter”, security and privacy gain importance

THANK YOU