INTELLIGENT TRAIN ENGINE WITH RAILWAY

GATES

B.NAGASUBRAHMANYAM(11U41A0454)G.SIVARAMA KRISHNA(11U41A0475)K.SUSHMA(11U41A0478)V.RAJU(11U41A04A1)K.DHIRAJ(12U45A0419)

GUIDED.L.MYTHRI(M.TECH)

CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM(FIRE and OBSTACLE)

BLOCK DIAGRAM (RAIL WAY GATE CONTROL)

ATMEL 89S52 CONTROLLER HARDWARE MODULES ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION CONCLUSION

ABSTRACT• In the current railway systems, it is becoming more

necessary to have safety elements in order to avoid accidents. One of the causes that can provoke serious accidents is fire accident.

• The other application of this project is to automize the unmanned railway gate i.e. the gate is closed automatically whenever the train comes and is opened after the train leaves the railway-road crossing. Using this project, the arrival of the train can be identified in either direction. For this purpose, two IR transmitter and receiver pairs are used in this project.

• And the last one is obstacle detection , In this we use a ultrasonic sensor which is placed in the bottom of the train. when there is a object or human beings or another train is coming means then the ultrasonic sensor senses the object and it display the distance meter of the obstacle in LCD and also the train will be stopped automatically.

INTRODUCTION:• The main idea of this project is to connect different

modules like fire, obstacle, vehicles and human beings so as to make it into a real time application.

• Each module has its own importance in context to a railway system to help.

• There are different ways to execute the project but here a working prototype model can be shown with the help of a Microcontroller with sensors and some electronic components.

ATMEL 89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

• The AT89S52 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of Flash programmable memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set.

• By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcomputer, which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

AT89S52

MODERN TRAIN ENGINE WITH OBSTACLE SENSOR

Block diagram MODERN TRAIN ENGINE WITH OBSTACLE SENSOR

MODERN RAILWAY SYSTEM WITH FIRE SENSOR AND OBSTACLE

FIRE SENSOR

• The Fire sensor 1 and Fire sensor 2 placed in coach 1 and 2.

• When there is a fire in the coach 1, then the Fire sensor will sense the smoke and it converts in to electrical signal.

• These electrical signal is in the form of voltages and it is given to the transistor.

• The transistor acts as a switch and its output is given to the microcontroller.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

• Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers when they both send and receive) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively.

• Operating frequency: 40KHz, Readable range: 3-12 meter• Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and

evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor.

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

• The 8051 operates based on an external crystal. This is an electrical device which, when energy is applied, emits pulses at a fixed frequency. One can find crystals of virtually any frequency depending on the application requirements.

• When using an 8051, the most common crystal frequencies are 12 megahertz and 11.0592 Megahertz--with being much more common.

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

• The alphanumeric 16character X 2line LCD requires 8data lines and also 3 control signals and they are interfaced to 3664.By using 2 ports, port 0&3 data pins are connected to LCD as data bus.

• Port0 can be basically used as I/O port i.e. it can be programmed as an input or as an output port

BATTERIES• An electrical battery is one or more

electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. The invention of the first battery (or "voltaic pile") was in 1800 by Alessandro Volta. Nowadays, batteries have become a common power source for many household and industrial applications.

• Alkaline batteries and alkaline cells (a battery being a collection of multiple cells) are a type of disposable battery or rechargeable battery dependent upon the reaction between zinc and manganese (IV) oxide (Zn/MnO2). • The alkaline battery gets its name because it has an alkaline electrolyte of potassium hydroxide(KOH)

•Higher Energy density •Longer Shelf Life • Prone to leaking

AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONROL SYSTEM

AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM

 AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM

• One IR TX-RX pair is placed at one end of the railway gate. The second pair is placed at another end of the gate.

• Whenever any train is coming on the track, the IR signal will be disturbed due to the interruption of the train. Thus the microcontroller identifies the arrival of the t rain.

• Before closing the gate, the microcontroller activates the siren to alert the people who are on the track. After 30 sec, the controller closes the gate by rotating the stepper motor.

IR SENSOR• A square wave of approximately 27uS

(microseconds) injected at the base of a transistor, can drive an infrared LED to transmit this pulsating light wave.  Upon its presence, the commercial receiver will switch its output to high level (+5V).

• If you can turn on and off this frequency at the transmitter, your receiver's output will indicate when the transmitter is on or off.

• Operating frequency: 30-60 KHz, mostly usable frequency 36 KHz

DC MOTOR• When you apply energy to a motor it spins as

fast and hard as its design allows for that energy level and output load. If you increase the energy supply it spins faster and harder.

• If you attach a load the motor will slow down. If you continue increasing the load it slows ever more until the motors capability to work is exceeded.

L293D MOTOR DRIVER ICFeatures•Wide Supply-Voltage Range:4.5V to 36 V•Separate Input-Logic Supply•Internal ESD Protection•Thermal Shutdown•High-Noise-Immunity Inputs•Output Current 1A Per Channel(600mA for L293D)•Peak Output Current 2 A Per Channel (1.2 A for L293D)•Output Clamp Diodes for Inductive Transient Suppression (L293D)

ADVANTAGES• Ruggedness and flexibility.• Save human life and government property.• Quick emergency response .

DISADVANTAGES• Range of transceiver.• Placement of nodes.• Variation of channel model as train moves.

DESIGNING OF PROJECT

• KEIL MICRO VISION SOFTWARE

• PROGRAM CODE CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN THIS SOFTWARE

• CIRCUIT DESIGN

• CIRCUITS ARE DESIGNED IN PROTEUS SOFTWARE

PICTORIAL DISCRIPTION

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

FIRE SENSOR

MICRO CONTROLLER

LCD

MOTORS

MOTORS POWER SUPPLY BOARD

TRAFFIC LIGHTS

IR SENSORS

RAILWAY GATES

BUZZER

CONCLUSION• The system has been designed and

implemented after optimizing it on a number of factors.

• By introducing the concept of sensor technology in the field of railways we can make our railways safest.

• The operation of these sensors is much easier to loco pilot. The main aim of this project is to create a belief in people that the train journey is the safest journey among all.

 

THANKYOU

?

Any

THANKS TO ECE DEPARTMENT