Intelligence, Surveillance, and ReconnaissanceAnalyzing and Reacting to Threats

2nd annual C4ISR, CyberSecurity, Robots Platforms & Sensors Conference

10/6/2009

ISR – A Working Definition

• Technologies, Information, and Systems Solutions that provide intelligence data, and the rationale for taking offensive action or countering force directed against National and/or Military assets

10/6/2009

Current Strategic Challenges

• Traditional challenges - force on force conventional war (PRC, DPRK)

– Must be prepared, but will likely be the exception

• Irregular challenges - “unconventional” methods to counter traditional advantages of stronger opponents

– Will likely be preferred method to target US interests

• Catastrophic challenges – WMD or WMD-like effects

• Disruptive challenges – breakthrough technologies to negate current US advantages in key operational domains

Confront challenges earlier and more comprehensively, before they are allowed to mature

10/6/2009

Targeting Cycle Improvements

• Detection-Identification-tracking-engagement-assessment cycle

• New Technologies– Digital Film, Internet, Email

• New Tactics– Persistent Bombing– “Swiss Army Knife” weapons loads– Predictive Battlespace Awareness– Coherent Change Detection– Real Time Integration of

crypto/language experts• Compression of Kill Chain W

WII/K

orea

Desert

Stor

m OIF0

50100150200250300350400

Targeting Cycle (days)

Targeting Cycle

*NATO reviewed air targets

10/6/2009

Current ISR Operations

• Planning, Analysis and Targeting– Predictive of emerging, future enemy actions and

threats– Accurate, precise information

• Information Gathering– Builds a “pattern of life”– Characterize enemy behaviors

• Local Support– Convoy Overwatch, Route Surveys– Humanitarian mission support

10/6/20096

Increasing Multi-Mission Capability

Precision Strike

Buddy Lase

CAS

CSAR SupportTAC-A

Convoy Overwatch

Raid OverwatchTarget Development

10/6/2009

ISR Fusion Requirements

• Asymmetrical Warfare– Broader areas for surveillance– Less time to locate– Requires more accuracy

• Dominant SA– Rapid, expert analysis and

information fusing– Synthesis with existing

contextual knowledge• Multi-Sensor

– Layered sensing requires robust processing

– Sophisticated analytical tools to integrate data

10/6/2009

Evolving ISR Capabilities

Existing Today TomorrowObjective

• Stove-piped Platforms– Sensors– Processing– Ground Stations– U2, JSTARS

• Integrated SensorSystems– Integrated

Sensors & Processing

– Integrated Ground Stations

– Unmanned Platforms

• Multi-Mission Systems– E-10A/MC2A– Space Based Radar– USAF C2C– Multi-INT– Information Fusion– Multi-Mission

aircraft (MMA)– DD(X)

• Network Centric Warfare– Fully Interoperable

Global Grid– Real-Time, Interactive

Multi-INT– Achieve Rapid Global

Engagement of strategic targets

AEHF

Goal – Integrated Air, Space, and Ground C2ISR

10/6/2009

Operational Challenges to ISR

• Insufficient ISR capacity and capability– All ISR is Low Density/High Demand

• Balancing rapid acquisition with sustainment (“boutique” systems)

• Developing a fully interoperable, interdependent ISR structure (including NTISR and NTM)

– Eliminating multiple stove-piped architectures and complicated C2 infrastructures that slow information dissemination

• Developing capabilities to provide adequate predictive awareness of adversary intentions and reactions

• Developing capabilities to identify, monitor, track, and engage specific individuals, small groups, and mobile, concealed, and buried targets

10/6/2009

Obstacles for Global ISR

• Permissive vs Non-permissive environment• Air Space for UAS• Sensors optimized for varied terrain• Breakaway from FMV = persistence paradigm• No silver bullet sensors/platform coming down

the pipe• Global ISR capability visibility

OEF/OIF May Not Be The Template