intelligence meets buildings
TRANSCRIPT
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali YoussefKing Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Presentation 1
Table of Contents
1. Human Intelligence
• Definitions
• Theories
• Measuring Human Intelligence
2. Intelligence in Relation to Architecture
• Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
• Perspectives to IBs
• Evolution of IBs
• Features and performance indicators of IBs
• Intelligent buildings and green buildings
3. Structure of IBs
4. Examples of IBs
• Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
• The EDGE, Amsterdam
• Bright Green Buildings: Examples
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
• Definitions
• Theories
• Measuring Human Intelligence
Definitions of ‘Human Intelligence’
Is there a unified/standard definition of …
‘Human Intelligence’?
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of ‘Human Intelligence’
In their research titled “A Collection of Definitionsof Intelligence”, Shane Legg & Marcus Hutter
(2006) collected 71 definitions of ‘Human
Intelligence’, including:
“The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge.”
(The American Heritage Dictionary, fourth edition, 2000)
“The ability to use memory, knowledge, experience, understanding, reasoning,
imagination and judgement in order to solve problems and adapt to new situations.”
(All Words Dictionary, 2006)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of ‘Human Intelligence’
“. . . ability to adapt effectively to the environment, either by making a change in
oneself or by changing the environment or finding a new one . . .
…. intelligence is not a single mental process, but rather a combination of many mental processes.”
(Encyclopedia Britannica, 2006)
“An intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create products, that are valued within one or
more cultural settings.”
(H. Gardner, 1993)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of ‘Human Intelligence’
Summing up with a new definition of ‘intelligence’by the authors themselves:
“Intelligence measures an agent’s ability to achieve goals in a wide range of environments.”
(S. Legg and M. Hutter, 2006)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
72 definitions of ‘Human Intelligence’
Theories of ‘Human Intelligence’
Theory of Multiple IntelligencesHoward Gardner (1983)
• Linguistic intelligence
• Logical-mathematics intelligence
• Spatial intelligence
• Musical intelligence
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Theories of ‘Human Intelligence’
Theory of Multiple IntelligencesHoward Gardner (1983)
• Linguistic intelligence
• Logical-mathematics intelligence
• Spatial intelligence
• Musical intelligence
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence
• Naturalistic intelligence
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Theories of ‘Human Intelligence’
Theory of Multiple IntelligencesHoward Gardner (1983)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Theories of ‘Human Intelligence’
Theory of Successful IntelligenceRobert Sternberg (1985)
• Analytic intelligence
• Creative intelligence (when a person isconfronted with a challenge)
• Practical intelligence (adaptation to, selectionof, and shaping of the environment)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Theories of ‘Human Intelligence’
PASS Theory of IntelligenceAlexander Luria (1966)
• Planning (selection/construction strategies)
• Attention (maintaining alertness)
• Simultaneous processing (integrating items intowhole units of information)
• Successive processing (organizing separateitems in a sequence)
These four processes are functions of four areasof the brain
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Measuring ‘Human Intelligence’
IQ (Intelligent Qutient)Test
• The ‘g’ (general intelligence factor) is the core of humanintelligence.
• Broad abilities include:o Short-term memory (Gsm)
o Long-term storage and retrieval (Glr)
o Decision/reaction time/speed (Gt)
o Visual processing (Gv)
o Quantitative reasoning (Gq): quantitative concepts andnumerical symbols
o Fluid intelligence (Gf): solve problems using novel procedures
o Crystallized intelligence (Gc): previously learned experiences
o Reading & writing ability (Grw)
o Auditory processing (Ga)
o Processing speed (Gs)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Measuring ‘Human Intelligence’
IQ Test
• Intelligence tests are widely used ineducational, business, and military to predictbehavior.
• IQ (intelligence quotient) and g (generalintelligence factor) are correlated to withimportant social outcomes (divorce, welfare,and education).
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
INTELLIGENCE IN RELATION TO ARCHITECTURE
• Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
• Keywords to identify Intelligent Buildings
• Evolution of Intelligent Buildings
• Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of Intelligent Buildings
• Intelligent Buildings and Green Buildings (Bright Green Buildings)
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
Is there a unified/standard definition of‘Intelligent Buildings’?
The term ‘Intelligent Buildings’ was invented in1981 by the United Technology Building SystemsCorporation, USA, to become a reality in 1983 inthe City Palace Building in Hartford, USA.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
The definition in USA (Intelligent Building Institute):
An IB is the building that provides a productive andcost—effective environment through theoptimization of:
• Structure
• Systems
• Services
• Management
IBs features are: maximizing comfort,convenience, safety, long-term flexibility andmarketability, and minimizing initial and runningcost.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
The definition of IBs in Europe:
The European Intelligent Building Group, based inthe UK, defines an IB in terms of maximizingeffectiveness of occupants, efficient managementof resources, and minimum life-time cost ofhardware and facilities.
• Occupants
• Resources
• Cost
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
The definition of IBs in Singapore:
The Public Works Department of Singaporegovernment stated that as an IB should has:
• Automatic control systems to monitor cariousfacilities
• Good network infrastructure that to enable dataflow
• Telecommunication facilities
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
The definition of IBs in China:
The Shanghai, an IB should have ‘5As’:
• Communication Automation (CA)
• Office Automation (OA)
• Building management Automation (BA)
• Fire Automations systems (FA), and
• Maintenance Automation systems (MA)
So an IB is about automation in its broader sense.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
The definition of IBs in Japan:
Unlike other perspectives, an IB in Japan should bedesigned to suite the Japanese ‘culture’ and‘climate’. So an IB should:
• Serve management efficiency
• Ensure the satisfaction of occupants
• More administration with lower cost, and
• Be fast, flexible and economic.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
The definition of IBs for Asia:
According to the Asian Institute of IntelligentBuildings (AIIB), ‘an IB is designed and constructedbased on an appropriate selection of qualityenvironmental modules to meet the user’srequirements by mapping to the appropriatebuilding facilities to achieve a long-term buildingvalue’.
• Green (M1)
• Space (M2)
• Comfort (M3)
• Working efficiency (M4)
• Culture (M5)
• High-tech image (M6)
• Safety and structure (M7)
• Management practice & security (M8)
• Life cycle cost (M9)
• Health and sanitation (M10)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
• Each element is an‘assessment criteriaquestion’ given a certainweight.
• Element 1.24 (thermalcomfort) under M1 (Green)is given a weight of 5,whereas Element 3.18 underM3 (Comfort) weights 9.
• The score to each elementranges from 1 (lowest score)to 100 (highest score)
• The weight of each moduleis dependent on the buildingtype
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
M7 Safety & Structure (31 elements)
• Earthquake monitoring devices
• Wind load monitoring devices
• Structural monitoring devices
• Structural control
• Terrorist attack consideration
• Average width of corridor
• Means of escape
• Fire detection and fire fighting
• Etc.
M5 Culture (13 elements)
• Entertainment facilities within buildings
• Food and beverage supply
• Privacy
• Religious facilitation
• Etc.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
Weight of Modules according to the building type
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
Priorities of ‘Quality Environmental Modules’ in IBs
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Ranking of IB according to the IBI (AIIB)
Definitions of Intelligent Buildings (IBs)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Keywords to identify Intelligent Buildings
• End-user orientation/satisfaction
• Integration
• Environmental friendliness
• Best utilization of spaces
• Movable space elements and equipment
• Life cycle cost
• Comfort
• Convenience
• Safety and security
• Working efficiency
• Image of high technology
• Culture
• Construction process
• Long term flexibility
• Marketability
• Information intensity
• Interaction
• Service—orientation
• Promoting health
• Adaptability
• Reliability
• Productivity
• Profitability
• Technical solutions.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Ghaffarianhoseini et al. (2016) “What is an Intelligent
Building? Analysis of recent interpretations from an
international perspective”. Architectural ScienceReview, 59(5), 338-357
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9Evolution of Intelligent Buildings
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of Intelligent Buildings
Ghaffarianhoseini et al. (2016) “What is an Intelligent
Building? Analysis of recent interpretations from an
international perspective”. Architectural ScienceReview, 59(5), 338-357
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Intelligent Buildings and Green Buildings (Bright Green Buildings)
Green
Buildings
Intelligent
Buildings
Continental Automated Buildings
Association
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Intelligent Buildings and Green Buildings (Bright Green Buildings)
Potential benefits
Energy savings• Energy costs about 30% of the running cost
• The aim is to reduce energy consumption by up to 35%- 50% - 70%
Green house gas emission• Socially and environmentally responsible buildings
Operation and maintenance• Operating costs represent 50 - 80% of a building’s total
life cycle costs
• 20 to 30% Return On Investment
Water conservation
Comfort and productivity
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
STRUCTURE OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
• Human and Building: Analogy
• Transformation of Human Intelligence into Building Intelligence
• Intelligent Building Systems
Human and Building: Analogy
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Human and Building: Analogy
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Transformation of Human Intelligence into Building Intelligence
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Intelligent Building Systems
Concept
Self-know Self-decide Self-respond
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
1- Intelligent Building Systems (IBS)
Air conditioning – Ventilation –Lighting – Hydraulics - Accesscontrol – CCTV - Fire detection -Fire fighting – Lifts - Etc.
2- Intelligent Building ManagementSystems (IBMS)
3- Protocols standards:
ASHRAE – BACnet – DALI – KNX –LonTalk – Midac – OPC - ZigBee
Intelligent Building Systems
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
EXAMPLES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
• Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
• The EDGE, Amsterdam
• Bright Green Buildings: Examples
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
Development:
• One of the top 20 tallest buildings in the world.
• It had been the world’s 3rd highest buildingwhen completed.
• 186,000 m2 development area
• 88 floors
• 420m height
• Gross floor area of over 180,000m2
• The project has won an array of awards for itsinnovative and outstanding design, technologyand construction.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
Structure:
• Central concrete core with external megacolumns.
• Minimal structure maximizes the view from thetower.
• On the primary faces, there is a clear 24m spanbetween supporting columns, creatingmaximum opportunities for unobstructed views.
• The tower was designed to withstand strongtyphoons (230km/h wind speed), a majorconsideration for tall buildings in Hong Kong.
• Innovative technologies saved several monthsfrom construction time.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
Fire:
• 4 horizontal fire separation floors (7th, 32nd, 52nd
and 64th ) with 20 escape staircase.
• 2 fully fire-protected “firemen lifts” serving allfloors.
Lifts:
• 8 double deck lifts (8 m/s)
• 3 service lifts
• 2 executive express lifts
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
Smart systems:
• Highly efficient security systems
• Full smart card access control
• Face recognition access control
• X-ray checking machines
• Anti-territories attack provision
• Car park patrol security
• Car parking spaces of visitors are far away fromstructural elements.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
IBI audit results
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
The EDGE, Amsterdam
Development:
• 40,000 m2 office building in Amsterdam
• Highest BREEAM rating score(98.36%)_Outstanding
• The building consolidated Deloitte’s employeesfrom multiple buildings throughout the city intoa single working environment.
• Collaborative working environment, socializationopportunities, comfort and productivity.
• Radical working environment enabled bysustainable technologies.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
The EDGE, Amsterdam
Sustainability and technology:
• 70% less electricity than comparable officebuildings.
• The roof incorporates the largest array ofphotovoltaic panels in any European officebuildings
• Contiguously measured occupancy, movement,lighting levels, humidity and temperature with30,000 sensors.
• Every employee is connected to the building viaan app on the smartphone.
• The building knows every employee; helpinghim/her find a parking space, free desk,colleagues, reports, etc. (customized services).
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
The EDGE, Amsterdam
Sustainability and technology:
• Façade shading systems to reduce the heat gain
• Transparent allows external views
• Rain water is collected and used to flush toiletsand irrigate gardens
• Light over Ethernet (LoE) LED system developedby Philips made the system computercontrollable with sensors, reduced the energyrequirement by 50%.
• Every employee can customize the temperatureand light levels.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
The EDGE, Amsterdam
Awards
• 2016 Your BREEAM Award
• 2016 British Expertise International Awards:Outstanding International Architecture Project
• 2016 Urban Land Institute Global Awards forExcellence 2015 AIA Continental EuropeAwards Environmental Design Award
• 2015 Blueprint Awards Best Sustainable DesignCategory (Shortlisted)
• 2015 WAN Sustainable BuildingAwards (Shortlisted)
• 2015 MIPIM Awards, Best InnovativeGreen Building (Finalist)
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
Bright Green Buildings: Examples
Ave Maria University, Florida (Converged Networks)
• 908-acre campus in Ave Maria, Florida.
• 500,000 square feet of facilities, serving nearly500 students and 200 faculty and staff.
• Shifting integrating systems management into asingle network and avoiding unnecessary andredundant cabling characteristic
• The University saved over $1M in building costs
• $350K savings annually in human resource costs
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
Bright Green Buildings: Examples
Rogers Center, Toronto (Integrated Control Systems)
• A world class sports and entertainment complex(50,000 to 60,000 spectators)
• Approximately 7,000 light fixtures over 1.4-million square feet.
• By networking technology and advanced controlhardware and software, the electricity costsavings reached $325K annually (from $3Mannually) after stage 2 of the development.
• When fully completed, the project is expected togenerate a 76% savings in energy expenses fromlighting.
• Annual energy reductions are equivalent to theconsumption of 400 homes in Toronto.
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Examples of Intelligent Buildings
Bright Green Buildings: Examples
The King Abdul Aziz Endowment (structured cablingInfrastructure)
• 1.4 million square meter built area supporting75,000 tenants.
• The use of common IP backbone enabled easycommunication, operational excellence,minimized upfront costs, increased lifespan,durability, and minimal maintenance costs.
• The project is estimated to generate 33%reduction in cost (avoiding redundant cablingand containment space, labor, scheduling, andcommissioning).
Intelligence meets Buildings
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Arab League Center, Crowne Plaza Dubai Deira
Dubai - 2016
Thanks for attention
Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef
Department of Architecture,
Faculty of Environmental Design, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: 00966 53 7896 144