intellectual property
DESCRIPTION
Intellectual Property. Boston College Law School March 26, 2008 Software – Patent. Gottschalk v. Benson. Binary Coded Decimal 53 = “5” “3” 0101 0011. Pure Binary Number 53 = 110101. 0101 0011. 110101. The method of converting signals from binary coded decimal form into - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Intellectual Property
Boston College Law School
March 26, 2008
Software – Patent
Gottschalk v. BensonBinary Coded Decimal
53 = “5” “3”0101 0011
Pure Binary Number
53 = 1101010101 0011 110101
The method of converting signals from binary coded decimal form intobinary which comprises the steps of (1) storing the binary coded decimal signals in a re-entrant shift register, (2) shifting the signals to the right by at least three places, until there is a binary 1 in the second position of said register, (3) masking out said binary 1 in said second position of said register, (4) adding a binary 1 to the first position of said register, (5) shifting the signals to the left by two positions, ….
Cases After Benson
• Parker v. Flook (1978)– Method for updating alarm limits on computer to monitor pressure
– Held unpatentable: nothing more than an algorithm
• Diamond v. Diehr (1981)– Method for curing rubber w/ steps calculated by computer
– Held patentable: part of larger process, even if algorithm is the only new feature
• Freeman-Walter-Abele Test– (1) Does patent claim recite algorithm directly or indirectly?
– (2) If so, is invention as a whole nothing more than algorithm?
State Street Bank v. Signature
PooledMutualFund
A data processing system …comprising: (a) a computer processor means for processing data; (b) storage means for storing data …; (c) first means for initializing the storage medium; (d) second means for processing data regarding assets in the portfolio and each of the funds from a previous day and data regarding increases or decreases in each of the funds’ assets and allocating the percentage share that each fund holds in the portfolio; ….
Software Patentability
• Requirements for Patentability– Subject Matter– Utility– Novelty– Nonobviousness– Enablement
Software Patents Issued by PTO
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 1999
Patents Issued
Nonobviousness
• Software difficulties– Lack of experienced patent examiners– No good classification system– No good body of documented prior art
• PTO efforts to address– Hiring experienced patent examiners– Cooperating w/ industry to document prior art– More involvement of industry in examination
Amazon v. Barnesandnoble
• Prior art references– Compuserve Trend
(stock chart purchase)
– Web Basket (shopping cart using cookies)
– Yesil Book (ref. to “Instant Buy Option”)
– Oliver’s Market (shopping cart)
– ‘780 Patent (web page delivery)
Hypothetical
• Facts– You have a programmer friend w/ software– Wants to market a program over the internet
• Questions– Does he need to worry about other patents?– Can he secure a patent himself?
Evaluation
• Arguments against– Increases costs of creating new programs
• Search costs• Licensing costs• Attorneys fees
– Advantages large players over small players– Not necessary– PTO ill-equipped to issue
• Arguments for– No different from other industries– Becoming increasingly capital intensive (e.g. Windows)– PTO issues are transitional issues
Sui Generis Proposals• Menell
– Based on patent system: same requirements– Faster approval– Shorter duration– Privilege for reverse engineering– Compulsory licensing of standards
• Samuelson, et al.– Sui generis framework– Short period of anti-cloning protection– Registration and licensing system
Administrative
• Next Class– Start Trademark
• Read through VI.B – Subject Matter