integration of wind turbines with compressed air energy storage in remote area power supply system
DESCRIPTION
INTEGRATION OF WIND TURBINES WITH COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE IN REMOTE AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM. Hussein Ibrahim, Ph.D. 16-19 April 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark. EWEA 2012 Annual Event. Outline. General context Wind-Diesel-Systems Wind-Diesel-Compressed Air Energy Storage: Principles - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Hussein Ibrahim, Ph.D.
EWEA 2012 Annual Event
16-19 April 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark
INTEGRATION OF WIND TURBINES WITH COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE IN REMOTE
AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
INTEGRATION OF WIND TURBINES WITH COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE IN REMOTE
AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
2 www.eolien.qc.ca
OutlineOutline
General context
Wind-Diesel-Systems
Wind-Diesel-Compressed Air Energy Storage: Principles
Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village
Conclusions
References
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
3 www.eolien.qc.ca
General contextGeneral context
• Remote areas• For communities that are not or cannot be linked with the national grid
(Nordic villages, islands, ...)
• Towers and telecommunication relays, meteorological equipments, suppliers, chalets, agricultural and fish farming installations as well as for mines, scientific and military bases.
• Usually fuelled by diesel generators (associated problems)
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
4 www.eolien.qc.ca
General contextGeneral context
• Diesel Generators1. Optimization required : energetic, economic and environmental2. Minimal exploitation power limited to 30% of the nominal power
because of the diesel generators wear low utilization factors.
At Pload > 70% de Pnominal, 0,25 L/kWh = Cfuel at 100% of Pnominal
0,3 L/kWh0,5 L/kWh
1 L/kWh
1,5 L/kWh
2 L/kWh
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
5 www.eolien.qc.ca
General contextGeneral context
• Diesel Generators3. Requires frequent visits and maintenance services Highly depends on imported fuel and the transportation mode
Difficulty for on-time supply of fuel High cost of exploitation Annual deficit of 133M$ (Quebec
isolated grids) Source of continuous emission of Greenhouse gases (140,000
tons per year : Canadian isolated grids)
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
6 www.eolien.qc.ca
• During the past few years, wind energy is increasingly used to reduce diesel fuel consumption (specially at low load), providing economic, environmental, social, and security benefits.
• Wind-diesel (WD) are designed to use as much as possible wind power in order to lower diesel consumption. The challenge is to keep the power quality and stability of the system besides the variability of the wind power generation and diesel operational constraints.
• The diesel genset cannot be completely eliminated, because the wind turbine is not reliable power source and requires very large energy storage to assure the power at low wind conditions.
But the energy storage system : (1) must be adaptable to WD, efficient, inexpensive; (2) and must have a long lifetime and able to contribute in reducing fuel consumption
Wind-Diesel SystemsWind-Diesel Systems
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
Compressed air Energy Storage (CAES)
7 www.eolien.qc.ca
The success secret
The success secret
Wind-Diesel-Compressed Air System : PrinciplesWind-Diesel-Compressed Air System : Principles
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
8 www.eolien.qc.ca
Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk VillageCase Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village
Year study was conducted : 2007
Average wind speed: 5.5 m/s
Average electric load of village : 506 kW
Maximum electric load of village : 851 kW
Wind park with 4 Enercon turbines
Nominal power per turbine: 335 kW
Total wind power: 1340 kW
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Cor
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Ele
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Month of the 2007 year's
Electrical load of village Power of wind turbines
Power of storage system Power of compressor
Wind speed
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
9 www.eolien.qc.ca
Diesel engine off16% (1366 h)
1 operational diesel engine64% (5628 h)
2 operational diesel engines 20% (1766 h)
Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk VillageCase Study:Tuktoyaktuk VillageOperation autonomy of engines
v.s. number of engines
Diesel off16% (1366 h)
Diesel with CAES41% (3608 h)
Diesel without CAES
43% (3786 h)
Operation autonomy of diesel engines with respect to use
WDCAS
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
10 www.eolien.qc.ca
Case Study: Tuktoyaktu VillageCase Study: Tuktoyaktu Village
Operation autonomy of each diesel engine with respect to use WDCAS
14% (2nd Genset) 51%
(2nd Genset)
18% (1st Genset)
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
11 www.eolien.qc.ca
Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk VillageCase Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village
Diesel Only0 %
WDHS without CAES13 %
WDHS with CAES51 %
Cost reduction due to reduction in maintenance expenses
Cost reduction due to reduced fuel consumption
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
12 www.eolien.qc.ca
Substance name Emission Factor
(kg/m3) Total value of emissions
(tonnes)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 2800 848.8
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 13,954 4.23
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 0,083 0,025
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 52,532 15.925
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) 1,344 0,408
Total Suspended Particles (TSP) 1,018 0,309
Particles with diameters 10 µm (P10) 0,814 0,247
Particles with diameters 2,5 µm (P2,5) 0,786 0,238
This value is equivalent to the quantity of emitted Greenhouse gases by 167 light trucks or cars traveling 15000 km annually.
Case Study: Tuktoyaktuk VillageCase Study: Tuktoyaktuk Village
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
13 www.eolien.qc.ca
1. The WDCAS represents an interesting solution to economic and environmental issues related to the electrification of isolated sites.
2. The additional overcharge of diesel engine enables better response to the load requirement by making maximum use of available compressed air.
3. It enables fuel saving of around 30%.4. Allows a maintenance reduction cost of
approximately 50%.5. Allows the setting up and validation of a
control strategy.6. A global test bed is required to validate
the results obtained in this study Future test bed at SNEEC (Nordic Experimental Site on Wind Energy-CORUS) of TechnoCentre éolien
ConclusionsConclusions
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
Ligne Aérienne
COMMENTAIRES:
TITRE: DIAGRAMME UNIFILAIRE DU MICRO-RÉSEAU (DOCUMENT DE TRAVAIL)PROJET: 21-12-09-17 MICRO RÉSEAU - COUPLAGE ÉOLIEN AUTRES SOURCESFICHIER: 21-12-09-17_DIAGRAMME_UNIFILAIRE_MICRO_RESEAU_REC_V005_1DATE: 09 NOVEMBRE 2011
AUTEUR: PAUL SAINT-GERMAINDESSINÉ PAR: ANTOINE AMOSSÉVÉRIFIÉ PAR: ERIC ADAMS
NOMENCLATURESYM. NOM SYM. NOM
A B C D E F G H I J K L
12
34
56
78
910
11
M N O P Q R
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34
56
78
910
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BUS AC
347V / 600V
Centrale éolienne
50 kW
Convertisseur AC-DC
Convertisseur DC-AC
M Compresseur
Diesel + air comprimé
M D
ConvertisseurAC-DC-AC
Génératrice diesel
Centrale thermique
Charge résistive 200kW
Y – Y30 kVA
120V / 208V
Centrale photovoltaïque 5kW
M
D
MCompresseurCharge résistive
Centrale thermique / génératrice diesel Transformateur
COMMENTAIRES:
TITRE: DIAGRAMME UNIFILAIRE DU MICRO-RÉSEAU (DOCUMENT DE TRAVAIL)PROJET: 21-12-09-17 MICRO RÉSEAU - COUPLAGE ÉOLIEN AUTRES SOURCESFICHIER: 21-12-09-17_DIAGRAMME_UNIFILAIRE_MICRO_RESEAU_REC_V005_2DATE: 09 NOVEMBRE 2011
AUTEUR: PAUL SAINT-GERMAINDESSINÉ PAR: ANTOINE AMOSSÉVÉRIFIÉ PAR: ERIC ADAMS
NOMENCLATURESYM. NOM SYM. NOM
12
34
56
78
910
11
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
12
34
56
78
910
11
Moteur
CONTRÔLEUR DES SOUS-ENSEMBLES
SCADA
C1 C2 C3 C4
RÉSEAU ÉTHERNET
ARCHITECTURE DE CONTRÔLE DU MICRO-RÉSEAU
SCADA
CX Contrôleur
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
BUS DC
48V
BANC DE BATTERIES
ÉOLIENNECONTRÔLEUR
CHARGES D’APPOINT DANS LES BÂTIMENTS- CHAUFFAGE- ÉCLAIRAGE- PRISE 120V UPS
PVMPPT
Drive / variateur
Accouplement
Génératrice
Disjoncteur
MPPT
14 www.eolien.qc.ca
Questions?
Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention
www.eolien.qc.ca1-888-EOLIENS
Merci!Merci!Hussein IBRAHIM, Ph.D.
70 Rue BolducG4X 1G2, Gaspé, QC, CANADA
Tél: +1-418-368-6162#[email protected]
Hussein IBRAHIM, Ph.D.70 Rue Bolduc
G4X 1G2, Gaspé, QC, CANADATél: +1-418-368-6162#238
16 www.eolien.qc.ca
ANNEXESANNEXES
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1. Storage capacity2. Available power3. Depth of discharge or power
transmission rate4. Efficiency5. Discharge time6. Lifetime (cycling capacity)7. Costs8. Autonomy9. Self-discharge10. Feasability and adaptation to the
generating source11. Mass and volume densities of energy12. Operational constraints13. Reliability14. Monitoring and control equipment15. Environmental aspect16. Other characteristics
Energy Storage TechnologiesEnergy Storage Technologies• The analysis of this criteria
allows evaluating a «performance index» and developing a yields diagram of different storage technologies.
• The performance index is the measure of the applicability of a storage technique to a specified application taking into account the different characteristics of energy storage technologies.
18 www.eolien.qc.ca
Energy Storage TechnologiesEnergy Storage Technologies
• For another application than the power supply of a remote area, the values of the performance index can be different.
• Wind-diesel + CAES Wind-diesel-Compressed air energy storage (WDCAS).
Best performance index (82%)
19 www.eolien.qc.ca
Potential of the additional turbocharging of diesel engine by the stored compressed air :Increase and stability of the optimal efficiency for the entire operation range of diesel engine
(> 50% for Air/fuel ratio = 53)
Maximal load increased (600 N.m to 1200 N.m) thanks to the supercharging by
turbocharger or by stored compressed air
πc = 1
πc = 1.1πc = 1.2 πc = 1.3
πc = 1.4πc = 1.5
πc = 1.8
πc = 2.2πc = 2.7
πc = 3
πc = 3.2πc = 3.5
πc = 3.5Maximal efficiency (42%) obtained for
weak loads when the diesel engine is not
supercharged by stored compressed air
Advantages of an additional turbocharging by stored compressed air
Advantages of an additional turbocharging by stored compressed air
Hussein IBRAHIM CanWEA 2010– Montreal, Quebec, November 1-3, 2010
20 www.eolien.qc.ca
Case Study: Tuktoyaktuk VillageCase Study: Tuktoyaktuk Village
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Month of the 2007 year's
Diesel only WDHS without CAES WDHS with CAES
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012
21 www.eolien.qc.ca
Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk VillageCase Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village
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Diesel only WDHS without CAES WDHS with CAES
Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012