Integration and Assessment of Ethics In

the CurriculumPenelope DeJong, Ph.D.Associate Dean of the School of Business, Park University @ACBSPAccredited

#ACBSP2016

About Park University

• Established in 1875• A private, not for profit institution• Locations• Main Campus is located in Parkville, MO• Distance Learning Centers (40) located• Across the US• Primarily on military bases• Online delivery available for all Business programs

@ACBSPAccredited #ACBSP2016

School of Business AY 14-15

Parkville Daytime; 414; 5%Kansas City Extended; 340; 4%

Distance; 979; 12%

Campus Centers, 5764, 70%

MBA; 553; 7%MHA; 166; 2%

School of Business Students AY 14-15

All Other Locations Average Age: 32-36Enhancing Their Careers

Parkville Daytime 5%Average Age: 26Starting Their Careers

The Story of Change

• August 2010 – I came to Park as a Chair

• January 2011 – Brad Kleindl came to Park as Dean

• The Dean was charged with successfully taking our school through the ACBSP accreditation process

• Things began to change

The History of our Ethics Delivery

• Fall 2004 – PH308 Business Ethics added to the Business Core on Parkville Campus only, taught by the Philosophy department

• Spring 2011 - Discussion amongst the faculty • Recognition that students were not being provided with equal

opportunities to learn ethics• Conclusion

• each field has unique ethical situations• best addressed through core classes within each program• PH 308 dropped from core (2012 Catalog)

• Challenged to Integrate Social Responsibility Across the Curriculum

Mission/Vision

• Vision Statement: “ The School of Business at Park University’s vision is to prepare learners for the 21st century global economy as entrepreneurial thinkers who can influence the world as socially responsible business leaders.”• Mission Statement: “The School of Business at Park

University’s mission is to provide quality, innovative, application based learning to prepare a diversity of learners who can support free enterprise in a socially responsible manner in a global community.”

Programs reflect ethical emphasis

• Program Goals were written • To support the Mission/Vision of the School• To distinguish areas of knowledge and skill sets identified by the

faculty as essential to the Marketing Major• 4th Program Goal of the Marketing Program:“Synthesize and analyze business/Marketing concepts, applying critical thinking skills, knowledge of the global and domestic environment and an understanding and concern for the tenants of ethics and social responsibility.”

Analysis of Where We Were

• Matrix developed to determine time spent on various topics within core classes.• Ethics was found in 60% of the classes in the core• 16 hours per term spent on ethics in core classes alone

    Functional Areas              

 

Park School of Business

      Management The Business Environment Technical SkillsIntegrative

Areas  Core Courses

Marketing

Finance

Accountin

g

Production and

Operations

Management

Organization

al Behavi

or

Human

Resource Manage

ment

Legal Environme

nt of Business

Economics

Business Ethics

Global Dimension

s of Business

Information Systems

Quantitative Techniques/

Statistics

Business Policies

AC 201 Principles of Accounting I   3 32       2   1       2AC 202 Principles of Accounting II   4 26       3   2     2 3MG 260 Business Law I         3 2 22   3        MG 495 Business Policy 1 1   1 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 24EC 141 Principles of Economics I (Macro) 1 2   2       30   2   2 2EC 142 Principles of Economics II (Micro)     1 1       32   2   2 2FI 360 Financial Management 1 26 3   2   2     2     4

IB 315 International Business Perspectives (not included in Management/degrees) 3 2   3 4 4 3 2 2 12     1

MG 352 Principles of Management (replaced in catalog by MG 371 for fall 12)     1 3 17 3 3   3 3 2   5

MG 371 Management and Organizational Behavior (starting fall 12) 4     2 18 4 1 2 1 2     6

MK 351 Principles of Marketing 26 1     4   1   1 3 1 1 2EC 315 Intermediate Statistical Analysis   2 2               1 32 3MA 120 Stat I   2 1           1     36  MA 120 Basic Concepts of Statistics   1 1                 38  CS 140 Intro to Computer Science                     40    

PH 308 Business Ethics (Only for PDCC programs. Course removed from core starting fall 12.)   1 1   6 4     22 6      

  Quant across the curriculum (starting fall 12)                       Program wide initiative  

  Social Responsibility across the curriculum (starting fall 12)                 Program wide

initiative        

  Total: 36 45 68 12 56 20 38 67 38 34 45 114 54

    Functional Areas              

 

Park School of Business

      Management The Business Environment Technical SkillsIntegrative

Areas  Core Courses

Marketing

Finance

Accountin

g

Production and

Operations

Management

Organization

al Behavi

or

Human

Resource Manage

ment

Legal Environme

nt of Business

Economics

Business Ethics

Global Dimension

s of Business

Information Systems

Quantitative Techniques/

Statistics

Business Policies

AC 201 Principles of Accounting I   3 32       2   1       2AC 202 Principles of Accounting II   4 26       3   2     2 3MG 260 Business Law I         3 2 22   3        MG 495 Business Policy 1 1   1 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 24EC 141 Principles of Economics I (Macro) 1 2   2       30   2   2 2EC 142 Principles of Economics II (Micro)     1 1       32   2   2 2FI 360 Financial Management 1 26 3   2   2     2     4

IB 315 International Business Perspectives (not included in Management/degrees) 3 2   3 4 4 3 2 2 12     1

MG 352 Principles of Management (replaced in catalog by MG 371 for fall 12)     1 3 17 3 3   3 3 2   5

MG 371 Management and Organizational Behavior (starting fall 12) 4     2 18 4 1 2 1 2     6

MK 351 Principles of Marketing 26 1     4   1   1 3 1 1 2EC 315 Intermediate Statistical Analysis   2 2               1 32 3MA 120 Stat I   2 1           1     36  MA 120 Basic Concepts of Statistics   1 1                 38  CS 140 Intro to Computer Science                     40    

PH 308 Business Ethics (Only for PDCC programs. Course removed from core starting fall 12.)   1 1   6 4     22 6      

  Quant across the curriculum (starting fall 12)                       Program wide initiative  

  Social Responsibility across the curriculum (starting fall 12)                 Program wide

initiative        

  Total: 36 45 68 12 56 20 38 67 38 34 45 114 54

Determining Where We Wanted To Be

• Areas where ethical issues were known to exist were identified• Trade Practices• Anti-Competitive Behavior• Corporate Governance• Employment and Industrial relations• Product Stewardship• Business Relationships• Health and Safety• Environment Protection/Sustainability• Good Corporate Citizenship• Other

Classes Designated to Cover Subtopics

• Business RelationshipsA. Ethical purchasing

LG424, LG426, IB315, MK351B. Non-collusive tendering

MG260C. Avoidance of price fixing

MG260, EC300D. Supplier responsibility

LG424, LG426, IB314, MK315

International Business

• The Primary Vehicle for Introduction of Ethics – Cases• Blood Diamonds• Curse of Oil• Child Labor• Impact of large multinationals in small countries• Stakeholder values• FCPA Foreign Corrupt Practices Act• The Human Rights Compact

MG371 Management & Organizational BehaviorColumn 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4

Core Learning Outcome (CLO) University Literacy

Addressed

Program CompetencyAddressed

Course Assessment

 1. Ability to critique an organization's efficiency and effectiveness in planning, leading, organizing, and controlling.

1.1, 1.4, 2.1, 3.4, 4.3, 5.5, 6.1

1, 2, 5 Case analysis, discussions, quizzes, examinations, and homework.

2. Ability to use critical and creative thinking for effective decision making and planning within an organization. 

1.3,1.4, 2.2, 4.2, 6.4

1, 2, 4 Case analysis, discussions, quizzes, examinations, and homework.

3. Ability to analyze a company's global strategic business plan and to develop a SWOT analysis.

1.1, 1.3, 2.4, 3.3, 4.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2

1,2,3,5 Case analysis, discussions, quizzes, examinations, and homework.

4. Ability to assess an organization's practices and how those practices impact motivation.

1.3, 1.5, 2.5, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2

1,2,4 Case analysis, discussions, quizzes, examinations, and homework.

5. Ability to assess managerial strategies that employ social responsibility and ethical principles.

2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 3.3, 4.1, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1, 6.4

1, 2, 3, 5 Case Analysis, discussions, quizzes, examinations, and homework.

Case Analysis (Core Assessment) The core assessment is a case analysis project that will assess students' mastery of core learning outcomes through a detailed analysis of managerial decisions and actions that help determine the performance of an organization. It includes the comprehension, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of a practical situation that includes concepts from each of the core learning outcomes. The case analysis is to be administered in all sections of MG371.  This analysis is valued at 20 percent of the student's final grade and will test students' mastery of the Core Learning Outcomes through a detailed analysis of managerial decisions and actions that help determine the performance of an organization.  

Accounting • Accounting students are required the Ethical Leadership

Certification created by the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy. They must complete with 80% accuracy to earn designated points. • It covers the following areas:

*Overview of ethical leadership *Ethical decision making*Organizational support of ethical leadership*Role of management and preventing conflicts and ethical risks*Role of communication in ethical leadership *Implementing ethical leadership

Accounting

• AC430 Auditing• Entire chapter on ethical principles and enforceable rules of conduct

for CPAs.• Entire chapter on legal liability issues for CPAs with SOX (Sarbanes

Oxley) heavily emphasized• Incorporated cases and tested on course exams.

• AC435 Accounting Ethics• Elective class (required for sitting for the CPA in Texas)• Case based course

Marketing• MK351 Principles of Marketing

• Ethical norms established by AMA discussed• Case including ethical situation

• MK380 Advertising, MK386 Retailing Administration, MK389 Professional Selling• Discussion of ethical standards and ethical behaviors pertaining to each field

• MK395 International Behavior • Discussion of ethical policies and procedures given diverse Cultural, Legal

and business practice environments. • MK435 Marketing Research

• Requires passing IRB Principal Investigator Training• Marketing Research Code of Ethics discussed• An ethical case is discussed.

Measurement of Results

• Peregrine exit exam• Administered in Business Core capstone course• Courses to require the exam chosen using purposeful sampling• Tests the CPC, Common Professional Component• Covers 12 topics of which ethics is 1• Each CPC has 10 questions included on the exam, choses randomly

from a pool of 300-500 questions

Components of Ethical Exam

• Conflict of Interest• Corporate Ethics and Climate• Discrimination• Ethical Climate• Ethical Decision Making• Ethical Issues• Ethical Standards

Trend Results from Peregrine

N Course Timeline

Park Under-gradScore as a percent correct

ACBSP (All) - Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs.

Blended/Hybrid Delivery Mode

Online Delivery Mode

Traditional/Campus-based Delivery Mode

Assessment Period: 1/1/2012 - 6/1/2012 16 Business Ethics Outbound 58.8 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6Assessment Period: 7/1/2012 - 12/31/2012 417 Business Ethics Outbound 57.8 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6Assessment Period: 1/1/2013 - 6/30/2013 477 Business Ethics Outbound 56.8 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6Assessment Period: 7/1/2013 - 12/31/2013 427 Business Ethics Outbound 57.7 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6Assessment Period: 1/1/2014 - 6/30/2014 461 Business Ethics Outbound 50.3 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6Assessment Period: 7/1/2014 - 12/31/2014 172 Business Ethics Outbound 51.3 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6Assessment Period: 1/1/2015 - 6/30/2015 208 Business Ethics Outbound 56.2 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6Assessment Period: 7/1/2015 - 12/31/2015 321 Business Ethics Outbound 58.5 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6Assessment Period: 1/1/2016 - 5/1/2016 237 Business Ethics Outbound 59.5 53.5 53.6 57.3 49.6

Trend Results from Peregrine

1/1/20

12 - 6

/1/201

2

7/1/20

12 - 1

2/31/2

012

1/1/20

13 - 6

/30/20

13

7/1/20

13 - 1

2/31/2

013

1/1/20

14 - 6

/30/20

14

7/1/20

14 - 1

2/31/2

014

1/1/20

15 - 6

/30/20

15

7/1/20

15 - 1

2/31/2

015

1/1/20

16 - 5

/1/201

644464850525456586062

Score for Park StudentsACBSP (All) - Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs.Blended/Hybrid Delivery ModeOnline Delivery ModeTraditional/Campus-based Delivery Mode

Trend Results by Subtopic

Confli

ct of In

terest

Corpo

rate E

thics

and Clim

ate

Discrim

inatio

n

Ethica

l Clim

ate

Ethica

l Deci

sion-M

aking

Ethica

l Issue

s

Ethica

l Stan

dards

0102030405060708090

20122013201420152016

Paired Data

• Limited paired data was available from students who took the test both when entering and exiting the program• N=12• Pretest: Min=10% Max=100• Posttest: Min=30 Max=90• Pretest Avg.: 45• Posttest Avg.: 60• 1.33% improvement

Ethics Survey Measure

• Online survey sent to ALL Park business students• Measure developed by Zey- Ferrell & Ferrell (1982)• 18 question Likert Scale• Previously used for global studies• Included demographics• 1 was most ethical response, 5 least ethical• Questions 12 and 27 were reverse scored• THE LOWER THE SCORE THE MORE ETHICAL THE BEHAVIORAL

INTENT

QuestionsVery VeryUnlikely Likely1 2 3 4 5

11. Claim credit for someone else’s work? 12. You accidentally erased a very important computer file at work. How likely are you to tell your boss about its disappearance? 13. Call in sick to take a day off?  14. Falsify time/quality/quantity reports?  15. Pad an expense account more than 10%?  16. Accept gifts/favors in exchange for preferential treatment?  17. Manipulate a situation to make a superior look bad?  18. Use company materials, services, or supplies for personal reasons?  19. Report others’ violations of company policies and rules?

Questions Very Very

Unlikely Likely1 2 3 4 5

20. Take extra personal time (lunch hour, breaks, early departure, etc.)? 21. Manipulate a situation to make a subordinate look bad? 22. Give gifts/favors in exchange for preferential treatment? 23. Pad an expense account up to 10%? 24. Do personal business on company time? 25. Divulge confidential information? 26. Take longer than necessary to do a job? 27. Satisfied with my own ethics and character. 28. Do you leave work early?

Global Mean Behavior

AustraliaUS

PhilippinesMacau

Park 2011Park 2016

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Age and Behavior by Location

Campus Centers Parkville Campus KC Area Online0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Mean Behavior 2011Mean Age 2011Mean Behavior 2016Mean Age 2016

Program by Behavior

BS Acco

unting

BS MG/Ac

counti

ng

AS MG/Ac

counti

ng

BS Ec

onom

ics

BSBA M

anage

ment

BS MG/Man

agemen

t

AS MG/Man

agemen

t

BSBA H

R

BS MG/HR

BSBA M

arketi

ng

BS MG/Mark

eting

BSBA F

inance

BSBA M

G/Financ

e

BSBA I

nterna

tiona

l B.

BS MG/Lo

gistic

s

AS MG/Lo

gistic

s

BS MG/HC

BS MG CI

S

BS MG/En

g Adm

in0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

20112016

Conclusions and Proposed Actions

• Park Students rank high on the ethical intentions scale compared to others• Park students ethical intentions have improved over the

past 5 years• Integration of ethics into the curriculum was successful• Further examination, program by program, by location, and

by delivery method is warranted• Results to be shared with all School of Business Faculty and

Adjuncts

Q u e s t i o n s?