INTEGRATED INTEGRATED

UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCESUTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCESSynergy examplesSynergy examples

based on based on Joint Slovak-Hungarian MonitoringJoint Slovak-Hungarian Monitoring

Prepared for

Plenipotentiary of the Slovak Republic

for Construction and Operation of

Gabcikovo-Nagymaros

Hydroelectric Power Project

Prof. Igor Mucha, Dr.Sc., RNDr. Dalibor Rodák, PhD.,

RNDr. Zoltán Hlavatý, PhD., RNDr. Ľubomír Banský, PhD.

GROUND WATER Consulting, Ltd.,

Slovak Governmental Plenipotentiary Expert Group

DANUBE REGION STRATEGYDANUBE REGION STRATEGY

The economic situation in the European Union The economic situation in the European Union is, at least, not in the pinkis, at least, not in the pink

We all need an economic success and We all need an economic success and visible progressvisible progress

We need fulfillment of objectives

of the Establishment of European Union

Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning

of the European Union Article 9 and 191,

PRUDENT AND RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Synergy Examples of prudent and rational Synergy Examples of prudent and rational utilization of natural resourcesutilization of natural resources

Based on Common Slovak - Hungarian Monitoring

&

Specific Danube Conditions

with the goal to support integrated projects with macro regional benefits

important for the success of the EU Strategy

There is no Danube stretch without human interventionThere is no Danube stretch without human intervention

The River Danube itself and its surrounding can play the most important role in The River Danube itself and its surrounding can play the most important role in the Danube Region Strategy, mainly: the Danube Region Strategy, mainly: Navigation improvement,Navigation improvement,

use of hydro-potentialuse of hydro-potential, drinking water, , drinking water, water for nature and agriculturewater for nature and agriculture, , landscape, landscape, flood protectionflood protection, , water forwater for sport, recreation, sport, recreation, industry,industry, etc.etc.

Bratislava – Budapest Danube Water Management

dams

Mikovini map (1733) and present state of the Danube

Since the era of theking Bela the IV, 1235 to 1270, the water management consists, step by step, from straighteningof riverbed, excavations, flood protection, navigation measures,riverbank fortification, closure of branches, etc.

Inundation had been decimated, river flow velocities doubled,

flow rate is the same. It is no more the natural Danube, but still the Danube with valuable nature close habitats.

Original floodplain

alluvial fan

Alps

Car

pathia

ns

Basic specific integration points:Basic specific integration points:Danube – water – alluvial fan – navigation – energy Danube – water – alluvial fan – navigation – energy

Highly permeable extensive aquiferHighly permeable extensive aquiferThe Danube flows on the top of its fan – The Danube flows on the top of its fan – flooding dangerflooding danger

The Danube water infiltrates into the alluvial aquiferThe Danube water infiltrates into the alluvial aquiferHuge groundwater recharge - excellent water qualityHuge groundwater recharge - excellent water quality

Specific inundation, nature close habitatsSpecific inundation, nature close habitats

Flood water level Original inundation

present

Aquifer; Gravel depth 10 - up to 400 m

Permeability 0.001 – 0.01 m/s

Main (imperative) objective Flood protection of large areas behind flood protective dikes and

reduction of peek flood discharges downstream

Flooded area

1965

in Slovakia

Protection measures?

10 km

Large infrastructure projectsLarge infrastructure projects with the with the perspective of all perspective of all mutual synergiesmutual synergies such as: such as:

protection against flood, water transport, protection against flood, water transport, use of hydropower, water supply, use of hydropower, water supply,

agriculture, silviculture, hygiene and water agriculture, silviculture, hygiene and water born diseases, recreation, reduction of born diseases, recreation, reduction of

greenhouse gas emissions, etc., according greenhouse gas emissions, etc., according to our experience, to our experience, evaluateevaluate in advance in advance environmental impactsenvironmental impacts and and determinedetermine, ,

effective and safeguard effective and safeguard measuresmeasures. Financial . Financial and social effect should not be neglected.and social effect should not be neglected.

Some examples:Some examples:

GabčíkovoGabčíkovo stretch stretch

Cross sectionCross section

Protected IProtected Inundnundationation

Main SynergiesMain Synergies::

Flood protectionFlood protectionNavigationNavigationWater supplyWater supplyEnergyEnergyNature protectionNature protection- Care of biotops- Care of biotopsAgricultureAgricultureForestry . . . . . . .Forestry . . . . . . .

Waterworks Samorin

Flood protection dikes

The Danube The Danube Floodplain Floodplain

supplied with supplied with flowing flowing water water

is is protected areaprotected area

Flowing water Flowing water means better self means better self

purification purification processesprocesses

NATURA 2000 sites (NATURA 2000 sites (Birds, Birds, HabitatsHabitats) on the Slovak area) on the Slovak area

Lesson:

Most of heavy modified and artificial water bodies

and attached areas are protected

Excellent wintering and breading conditions for

waterfowl

Joint Monitoring – Ground Water RegimeJoint Monitoring – Ground Water Regime long-term ground water level decreaselong-term ground water level decrease

KomarnoKomarnoSapSap

BratislavaBratislava

result

Example of previous long term Ground Water Level DecreaseExample of previous long term Ground Water Level Decrease

Cunovo reservoirCunovo reservoir

BratislavaBratislava

SapSap

KomarnoKomarno

Increase of ground water level after filling Increase of ground water level after filling the through-flowing reservoir with water the through-flowing reservoir with water

Cunovo reservoirCunovo reservoir

BratislavaBratislava

SapSap

KomarnoKomarno

Ground Water Level Contour Lines (2000 mGround Water Level Contour Lines (2000 m33/s)/s) change of flow directionchange of flow direction

Cunovo reservoirCunovo reservoir

SapSap

19921992 19931993

KomarnoKomarno

RusovceRusovce

Joint Monitoring – Ground Water QualityJoint Monitoring – Ground Water Quality result result ——>> change of chemical composition change of chemical composition

RusovceRusovce

18 mg/l18 mg/l

30 mg/l30 mg/l

Example of Culmination of water levels and flow rates during the flood event in AUGUST 2002

 Station, River km

Time of Culmination (day, hour)

Max. Water level

Hmax (cm)

Max.Flow Qmax

(m3s-1)

Difference from previous station

(m3s-1)

Bratislava-Devín, 1879, 78

16.8., 1-2 948 10390 -

Bratislava, 1868,75 16.8., 2-4 991 10310 80

Medveďov, 1806,30 17.8., 3-6 852 9240 Gabčíkovo 1070

Komárno, 1767,80 17.-18.8., 22-1

842 8940 300

Budapest 20.8. 8250 690 + X

Difference Devín - Budapest

      2140 + X

X – flow rate of the Danube confluents between Devin and Budapest, approximately 300 – 400 m3/s. Peak flow in Budapest was lower by app. 2500 m3/s than the peak flow in Bratislava

Peek Flood Water Storage inside of aquifer was Peek Flood Water Storage inside of aquifer was estimated to estimated to 580 m580 m33/s/s in this area in this area

Increase of GW level 48 hours after flood culmination in

August 2002

Legend

GWL difference in m

Example of present navigation obstaclesExample of present navigation obstacles between Bratislava and Budapestbetween Bratislava and BudapestNo obstacles between Bratislava and Sap

Navigation on the Danube in 2003 examples of bottleneck duration in days (Danube Commission)

Name of the stretch, rkm, Depth (dm), Duration (days, %)Venek* N 1799 11 - 25 162 44,4Nyerges* SK-HU N 1735 13 - 25 175 47,9Ebed* N 1730 17 - 25 124 34,0Dorog* N 1722 16 - 22 141 38,6Helemba* N 1711 15 - 25 149 40,8Domos N 1699 14 - 25 166 45,5Vac N 1680 13 - 25 174 47,7God HU N 1667 13 - 25 173 47,4Budapest N 1652 13 - 25 173 47,4Ercsi 1616 14 - 25 166 45,5Solt 1558 14 - 25 172 47,1

*Joint Slovak-Hungarian stretch; N – Nagymaros hydropower stretch

New water stream new eupotamal

Interconnection of main arms, conditions for preservation various water formations

(river arms of all types, lakes, inundation pools, water holes etc).

All between the Water supply from by-pass protective canal and/or from the Old dikes. Danube. Crossing the old river bed by the new water stream at several places. Various hydrological conditions. Revival of the arm mouths, interconnection of arms, etc.

Proposal example

Objectives – Benefits – Impacts

Community – Nature resources

? Integration Synergy ?

Integration of the Community Integration of the Community environmental policy with environmental policy with

the sustainable development the sustainable development and prudent and rational and prudent and rational

utilization of natural utilization of natural resources, using available resources, using available

scientific and technical data, scientific and technical data, monitoring, regional monitoring, regional

conditions, and proper conditions, and proper transposition of WFD in transposition of WFD in

conformity with the conformity with the European Community PolicyEuropean Community Policy

TTT Project

Slovak Republic is offering, as an input into the Danube Region

the TTT Project, which will contribute to

following objectives of the European Union

The TTT project:

Creates conditions for all kinds of connectivity, lies in the middle of the Danube Region, and almost in the middle of the EU

Creates conditions for exploration and construction of waterworks sites for piping and use of high quality potable groundwater in the extremely large quantities over large EU territory

Expects to improve navigation in the Danube in the section Hainburg - Bratislava, hydraulically connecting the Danube Navigation Project East of Vienna with the Hydropower plant Gabcikovo

Allows the use of the Danube hydro-potential, approximately 600 GWh per year.

Allows protection of the groundwater quality issues at Bratislava.

The TTT project:

Solves definitively the flood protection at Devin (from Hainburg to Bratislava) and at the mouth of the River Morava.

Allows navigability connection between the Danube and the Morava River, and improves the navigation security in this section

Preserves the Morava River in present state, and into the bargain, allows navigation from the Danube to the TTT project via navigation channel.

Ensures the flood protection downstream the river Morava from the TTT project area, down to the River Danube, using water management of the River Moravia and the shipping channel.

Offers hydraulic possibility to solve environmental problems in the protected areas in the lowland of Záhorská nizina, negatively affected after the World War II.

Supports protection and care of the ecosystems of the protected areas, or minimize the previous and present adverse impacts.

The TTT project:

Strongly supports the economy, trade, and jobs

Strongly supports the infrastructure of the territory and small SME projects, including housing

Strongly supports the knowledge society, knowledge-based organizations, educations, etc.

Supports multi cultural development

Creates opportunities to construct reverse pumping storage power station to support storage of wind and solar energy

In many aspects, supports measures to combat climate change (use of hydro-potential, transfer of road transport to rail and water, reducing traffic in light of the TTT project position in the middle of Region and the EU), and by various environmental protection measures.

Results of Joint Slovak – Hungarian Environmental Monitoring, are described in this anniversary publication.

Monitoring is dealing with environmental conditions and processes already influenced by hydraulic structures and water management.

Scientific research and interpretation of relations among water management and responds of the surrounding environment will help to prepare quantitative and qualitative prognoses based on previous long term development (causal relations) and further comprehensive modeling of various processes.

Thank you for attention

Publications:Publications:

WWW . GABCIKOVO . GOV . SK / DOC /WWW . GABCIKOVO . GOV . SK / DOC /

For more information, publications, documents see:For more information, publications, documents see:

1995 1999 1999 2003 2004 2006

We are looking for close cooperation on the prudent rational utilization of natural resources

in the Danube region

GROUND WATER Consulting, Ltd., Kolískova 1, Bratislava 4, SLOVAKIA