Integrated Solid Waste Management of

PMC

PUNE CITY

Pune is the 8th largest city in India and

the 2nd largest in the state of

Maharashtra.

Population ; about 4 million

Households ; nearly 1 million

Area of city is 250 sq. kms.

4 Zones ; 15 Administrative Ward

Offices ; 76 Prabhags

Total Area 250.56 sq km

Geographical

Location:

Western Part of Deccan Plateau

Latitude: 18° 25' to 18° 37' North

Longitude: 73° 44' to 73° 57‘ East

Average Climate:

1. Summer: 22 ºC – 41 ºC

2. Winter: 8 ºC – 25 ºC

3. Rainfall: 650 – 700 mm

Altitude: 560 Meters above Sea Level

-3-

6% 9% 3%5%

31%1%

23%

22%

Paper

Plastic

S N Source of generation Quantity(MT)

% of total

1 Household 950 69.1

2 Street sweeping & drainage cleaning

140 10.2

3 Hotels &restaurants 150 10.9

4 Markets / commercial area

50 3.6

5 C and D Waste 75 5.5

6 Fruit, vegetable, fish meat market waste

7.5 0.5

7 Biomedical waste 4.5 0.4

Sources and Composition of MSW

Description Percentage

Organic Matter 45 to 50

Recyclables from Residential & Commercial

35 to 40

Inert Material 10 to 15

Other Parameters • Density • GCV • C/N

• 437 Kg/m3

• 937Kcal/Kg • 22.85

Pune working towards integrated approach “Swachh Pune Swasth Pune”

“Pune’s Integrated approach”

Waste generation

Storage and collection

Transfer and transportation

Treatment and disposal Reuse

Sources of waste

Appropriate technology

Environment regulatory compliance

Implementation and

monitoring systems

Active stakeholder

involvement, no social issues Financially

sustainable

Effective resource

utilization

Service delivery

Institutional framework

Integrated Solid Waste

Management

Objective of an Integrated Waste Management approach: Attaining better service delivery,

Enhancing infrastructure, financial sustainability

Cleanliness at Public places

Transportation of Waste

Considering the manpower gap there is a need to bring in mechanization along with manual road sweeping.

Street sweeping bits 6300

No of Sweepers required- 6300

No of sweepers 3344

Year Population Waste Generation (TPD)

2011 3,115,431 1374

2021 4,487,573 2871

2031 6,211,404 4112

2041 8,597,417 6071

Sr.

No

Type of Vehicles Present

vehicles

Additional

ly

Required

1 Trucks (for door to

door collection)

145 61

2 Hotel Trucks 25 4

3 Compactor 31 16

4 Dumper Placer 85 17

5 Tractors 14 0

6 Tipper trucks 4 11

7 Tata Ache 56 88

8 BRCs 65 20

Total vehicles 416 217

OVERVIEW OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

Pune generates 1600 -1700 tons of solid waste per day.

160 trucks collect waste door-to-door, collecting an average of 198 tons per day.

847containers and 116 compactor buckets dispersed around Pune.

Ward wise average- 350 to 750 gms per capita per day

Construction and demolition waste generation –150-180 TPD

Garden waste generation – 50-60 TPD

Biomedical waste – 5-6 TPD

Service Level Benchmarking

-7- Source: SWM Department Pune Municipal Corporation

• Door-to-door collection of waste is only 70% which needs to be targeted for 100% in future. • Extent of segregation of waste is 50%.

There is no Mechanism for disposal of

C&D processing waste. Construction

waste is Directly dumped in low

laying area or along the river.

Absence of scientific disposal and

Treatment of e-waste.

Present Per capita per day waste generation is 441 gram.

Future solid waste generation for Pune city is Projected on the basis of existing per capita generation with annually increase of 1.4 percent growth rate for metropolitan cities in India.

Sr.

No.

Performance Indicator 2015-16

1 Household level coverage of solid

waste management services

70

2 Efficiency of collection of municipal

solid waste

50

3 Extent of segregation of municipal

solid waste

50

4 Extent of municipal solid waste

recovered

85

5 Extent of scientific disposal of

municipal solid waste

60

6 Extent of cost recovery in solid waste

management services

80

7 Efficiency in collection of solid waste

management charges

81

8 Efficiency in redressal of customer

complaints

91

BEST PRACTICES TO GENERATE WEALTH OUT OF WASTE

Scientific processing and scientific land filling of waste Integrating Informal Sector in Municipal Solid Waste Management Pune’s Trash Solution: A Zero Garbage City Biomethanation cum power generation plants Waste to energy –Pyrolysis Gasification Mandatory onsite disposal in post 2000 residential and commercial

schemes SWACHH Sarvekshan SWACHH AWARDs CSR Initiatives Celebration of Ganesh Festival in an Eco friendly manner Sonia gram udyog Project for plastic recycling Shredding and composting of garden waste

Integrating Informal Sector – SWaCH Model

Pune city’s efforts to partner with waste pickers organizations to provide better service – 2300 wastepickers cover about 0.4 Million Households

PMC pays for management and equipment cost

Health insurance provided by PMC

Recent MOU – 7000 WPs will cater services to the entire city.

GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATION OF MODEL

© SWaCH Coop

SWaCH Model addresses -

Segregation by citizens Better conditions of work for waste pickers Cleaner waste for recycling industry Reduction in municipal expenses for waste management

Compliance of MSW 2000 rules and Mah Acts

Decentralized waste management and processing Climate change mitigation Poverty Alleviation PPP Better waste management

PMC - SWaCH Door To Door Collection

System 2016-2020

SWaCH-PMC Contract

5 years – 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020

SWaCH: DTDC in entire Pune, including Slums and commercial areas.

Integration of waste-pickers into waste management.

Promoting segregation at source and diversion to recycling

PMC Administration costs, equipment, push-cart maintenance, slums

subsidy

Infrastructure including offices and sorting sheds

Co-ordination with elected representatives and citizens

Enforcement against non-segregation by citizens

User fee based model – No wages are paid to waste-pickers by SWaCH / PMC. Waste-pickers’ earn from user fees and sale of recyclables only.

User Fees: to be paid by citizens to waste-pickers

Year of

Operation

Households Commercial

Establishments,

Shops etc.

Households in

Slums

I – 2016 Rs. 50 p.m. Rs. 100 p.m. Rs. 30 p.m.

II – 2017 Rs. 55 p.m. Rs. 110 p.m. Rs. 35 p.m.

III – 2018 Rs. 60 p.m. Rs. 120 p.m. Rs. 40 p.m.

IV – 2019 Rs. 65 p.m. Rs. 130 p.m. Rs. 45 p.m.

V - 2020 Rs. 70 p.m. Rs. 140 p.m. Rs. 50 p.m.

New Portable Sheds for SWaCH

• There are 45 sorting shed Including 6 Portable & Other •Sonia Gram Udyog Prakalp 1) Aundh 2) Katraj 3)Yerawada •200 – 250 Waste Picker Directly Attached Processer •4 TPD of waste is Processed

1. Segregation at Source

2. Doorstep collection of Segregated Waste

3. Further sorting and segregation of dry waste and linkage with scrap

dealers

4. Organic waste to biogas or other

processing plant 5. Systems for

handling specialized waste (C&D, E Waste,

Garden Waste)

Zero Garbage Model

Ground Level Awareness

Creation

Reliable Systems from

Collection to Disposal

Mechanisms for

Specialized Waste

Recognition of Role Models

Importance of Four Components

• Mass Media alone will not drive behaviour change

• Need to create champions of change in every ward

• Current PMC collection, transport

and disposal system does not operate consistently

• Need to overcome citizen skepticism about PMC’s capabilities on solid waste

• Need holistic solution to ensure

clean city objective is met • No systems for things like garden

and C&D waste currently • Can help convince citizens about

doability of proposed model • Can help build momentum and

civic pride

• 11,500

Properties

• 45,000 Residents

ELEMENT BEFORE (2011)

AFTER (2012)

Community Waste Containers

24 4

Segregation at Source < 10% ~ 70%

Door to Door Collection Coverage

30% ~90%

No of Waste Pickers 20 45

Wet Waste Processing None 5 Tons/Day

Biogas

Waste Sent to Landfill 10 Tons/Day 2 Tons/Day

Zero Garbage Pilot – Katraj Ward

Original Zero Garbage Wards ( 20)

New Zero Garbage Wards (10)

Subsequent Expansion (46)

Note: JM Road and FC Road targeted by APCCM included in Launch (ward 24)

2/13/2017

19

Zero Garbage Project Phase

49%

62% 66%

74% 80%

85%

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Feb

-13

Mar

-13

Ap

r-1

3

May

-13

Jun

-13

Jul-

13

Au

g-1

3

Sep

-13

Oct

-13

No

v-1

3

Dec

-13

Jan

-14

Feb

-14

Mar

-14

Ap

r-1

4

May

-14

Jun

-14

Jul-

14

Au

g-1

4

Sep

-14

Oct

-14

No

v-1

4

Dec

-14

No

. of

ho

use

ho

lds ----

---->

Month --------------------->

Increase in Door Step Collection/Coverage

Door Step…

29%

42% 51%

55% 64%

70%

Overall Seg. in 20Prabhags

Expansion of Zero Garbage Model in 20 Prabhags

-20-

Segregation- Approach

PPP- with help of NGOs and waste picker’s Organization (like SWaCH).

Pune Trash Solution – Zero Garbage Ward project Awareness- Through IEC. Incentives- Distribution of dry and wet waste bins to

households and tax rebate for practicing ecofriendly methods Bell ringing vehicles – 160 nos for separate collection of waste Establishment of Separate system for Garden Cutting and 8

Shredder Machines fixed at various location for garden waste processing

Separate system for hotel waste collection through 23 trucks Post 2000 constructions have compulsion of insitu wet waste

management

GHANTAGADI ROUTE MAP

INTERMEDIATE TRANSFER STATION

CURRENT PROCESSING OF WASTE

Since June 2010; scientific processing and scientific landfilling.

Decentralized waste processing plants operational at institutional and society level.

• 300 TPD; Bio CNG • Location: Baner and Talegaon Noble Exchange Evt Sol.

• 200 TPD; Vermi- compost and compost • Hadapsar Ramp Ajinkya Biofert

• 50-100 TPD; Vermi- compost and compost • 13 decentralized plants

Mechanical compost, Thermal compost & Microorganism

• 120 TPD; Electricity and Compost • 25 Decentralized Plants Biomethanation

• 300-350 TPD; RDF • Ram Tekdi, Hadapsar Rochem Separation Systems

2/13/2017 Enprotech

25

Waste Generation and Processing details

Type of waste

Waste generation in TPD

Processing in January 2015 in TPD

15th Oct 2015 –processing status in TPDs

by Dec 2016 in TPD

By June 2017 in TPD

Wet waste

660 265 660 (Biogas 100+composting210+society 50 +farmer 300)

750 (Noble 300 +mobile OWC 50 composting)

Dry waste 450 300 400 (Rochem 200+ recycle 150+mechnical conveyor 50)

670 (Rochem350+recycle 170+150conveyor belt)

Non recyclable

550 0 0 380 (scientific landfilling)

500 (waste to energy- mixed waste

Total 1660 565 1060 1500 2000

Decentralized Biomethanation Plants

Sr. No

Location of Biomethanatio

n Plants

Capacity of Plant

Sr. No

Location of Biomethanation

Plants

Capacity of Plant

1 Aundh Ward Office

5 TPD 14 Taljai Pathar 1 5 TPD

2 Katraj Railway Musiam

5 TPD 15 Taljai Pathar 2 5 TPD

3 Bavdhan 5 TPD 16 Phule Nagar 3 TPD

4 Hadpsar 1 5 TPD 17 K K Market 5 TPD

5 Model Colony 5 TPD 18 Katraj 1 5 TPD

6 Peshawe Park 1 5 TPD 19 Katraj 2 5 TPD

7 Peshawe Park 2 5 TPD 20 Katraj 3 5 TPD

8 Dhanori 5 TPD 21 Katraj 4 5 TPD

9 Baner 5 TPD 22 Vadgaon Sheri 5 TPD

10 Vadgaon Khurd 5 TPD 23 Yerwada 5 TPD

11 Vadgaon Khurd 5 TPD 24 Wanawori 5 TPD

12

Hadpsar 2 5 TPD

25 Yerwada jail 5 TPD

13

Ghole raoad 3 TPD

Decentralized Biomethanation-cum-Power Generation Plants

Noble Exchange Bio CNG plant Input -300 TPD Organic Wastes :

Mode of Implementation - Strategic Approach

Large Scale (Centralized System) – DBOO B)Noble exchange

300 TPD Biomethanation plant with Bio-CNG is commissioned on DBOO basis 1/11/2015.

At present,operational with capacity of 100 TPD.

2000 Sqm land alloted at Baner with in PMC Limit.

Rs.360/ton tipping fee with 8 % escalation per year is borne by PMC.

Processing and Bio-CNG Unit located at Ambi Talegaon 35 km away from the city on five acre Land owned by Plant operator.

Bio-CNG will utilised to PMPML Buses

PESSO permission is awaited .

At Present 12000Cum gas is generated

Total Bio CNG will be 34000Cum per day.

2/13/2017

Nobleexchange Bio-CNG

ROCHEM SEPARATION SYSTEM (Pyrolysis Gasification )

Pune is the pioneering city in the country to set up such plant for MSW treatment and electricity generation

Mode of Implementation - Strategic Approach

• Large Scale (Centralized System) - DBOOT / BOO

A)Rochem separation systems Pvt.Ltd.

700TPD pyrolysis /gasification waste to energy plant presently processing

300TPD producing RDF(Refuse derived fuel)

DBOOT Proposal on Mixed Waste.

10000 Sqm land alloted at Ramtekdi Industrial estate Hadpsar.

Rs.300/ton tipping fee given by PMC.

2/13/2017

33

POTENTIAL USING DIFFERENT TECHNOGIES

Combined treatment for sewage and organic waste

Vehicle fuel generation from biogas

Compression of Biogas.

Research on ethanol production from biomass / garden waste.

Zone No

Vermicomposting Pits

Bio-Sanitisers

Bio-Methanisation

Organic Waste Converter

Total

Nos Kgs Nos Kgs Nos Kgs Nos Kgs Nos

Kgs

Zone-1 775 12754 223 2522 14 5636 21 4490 1033 22880

Zone-2 12 330 100 2878 1 185 7 3120 121 6568

Zone-3 63 934.5 396 3273 4 111 10 2430 473 6748.5

Zone-4 139 1878 86 726 6 4200 4 1300 235 7378.3

Total 989 15896.5 803 9334 25 10132 42 11340 1862 43574

Decentralised Wet Waste Processing Units

PPP Approach Tax rebate given by PMC for eco-friendly

measures practiced by citizen.

DETAILS No. of Properties

Solar 4075

Vermiculture 10429

Solar & Vermiculture 7254

Vermiculture & Rain Harvesting 1024

TOTAL 22782

Eco-friendly Ganesh Utasav

Biomedical Waste Management

Sanitary Napkin Disposer

Collection System

Prabhag No. 37

Prabhag No. 21

Prabhag No. 51

E Waste Management

1. PMC , GIZ and SWaCH has developed a model for collection and recycling 2. Establishment of Informal Sector Capacity building Training of trainers on Business Management Practices Basic training of Scrap Dealers

3. Policy dialogues and Dissemination activities •Poster Competitions for school students •Posters and Flyers •Collection bins

4. E collect drives 5. E-Waste Collection Center

Construction & Demolition Waste

Categorization of generators

Fixing the responsibilities of generators, specific generators & urban local body.

Process flow for collection & disposal by an authorized agency or generator

C & D waste management plan

Scientific processing & recycling

Application of 4R’s Principle

Plastic Waste Free Pune City Campaign

Recycling of plastic through SWaCH Waste collectors - 150 -200 tons per day

Sonia Gram Udyog plants at 3 locations – About 15 Tons per day

Plastic Waste Management

Monitoring & Enforcement • GB has passed resolution for complete ban on plastics- which

was challenged by plastic manufacturer’s association through WP

• Fixing Prices for Carry Bags-Rs 5 to 15/- • Penalties & Prosecution on Defaulters. • Issuing notices • Actions through sanitary inspectors & Nuisance Detection

Squad. • Health & Sanitation by-laws.

Behavioral Change Communication

Central level

Making short films for theater.

Arches & Standees.

Puppet shows

Informative CD’s for Societies.

Mohalla Committee meetings.

Local level

Meetings with hotel owners, citizens

Training of scrap shop owners for E-Waste.

School Training Programme.

Mohalla committee meetings in Ward Office on every last Thursday.

Student Rally

Cleanliness Drives by School & College Students.

SWACHH SURVEKSHAN

Monitoring mechanism

Third party auditing Indicators defined for auditing

Based on these an independent body ensure procedures are followed

Mohalla Committee

Swachhta mitra

Local residents become involved with the project

Ensures sustainability of the project

Reporting System Weekly report format.

SI & N.D.Squard fine collection report.

Notices to Societies for non segregation.

Notices & fine to plastic bag sellers.(<50 microns)

Legal action.

Publication of Ghata trucks route maps

MSWM: FUTURE SCENARIO AND CHALLENGES

The land available for treatment & disposal shrinks everyday

Lack of awareness among citizens and less political support resulted in limited community participation

The limitations of the existing treatment processes will dictate implementation of more efficient treatment like plasma gasification & reduction in residues for landfill.

Local waste management will form the centre-piece of MSWM strategy. This practice must continue zone-wise.

Movement of waste will become problematic & costly.

E Waste management will pose major challenge as the city is a major IT / ITES hub & the e-waste generation could reach over 4,000 to 5,000 MT per year.

C & D waste would be over 35000 to 50000 TPY and shall need new locations for disposal.

Areas of Interventions

Augmentation of existing

waste processing

Augmentation of existing

waste processing

plants from 65 to 80 percent

Animal waste

Upgrade Carcass

Utilization Plant

Separate incinerator for pet carcasses

(or Burial site)

Biomedical waste

Identification and allocation of site for

CBMWTF

Autoclaving or Recycling Facility

for Sanitary Waste - Napkins, Diapers

Extended Producers

Ewaste

Processing, Dismantling &

Recycling facility

EPR – manufactures in PMC jurisdiction for the cost of collection

C and D

Processing of Construction and Demolition waste

Sanitary Landfill Facility

Construction of SLF for residual

waste from processing plants and other inert

waste

SLF Management

Issues of Collection &Segregation- Lack of professionalism among WPs, No proper market value chain, Irregular payments and inconsistency in segregation by citizens, Lack of

proper sorting shades

Areas of Interventions

Selection of Technologies

Assessment and Selection of new technology/processing

options for collections, storage, transport, processing

Development of contracts

Development of contracts with

appropriate terms and conditions

Establishment of Markets for

Waste Products

Establishment of Market Links for

RDF

Carbon inventory of Pune city Emissions from Solid waste

Translates to 0.07 tCO2e per capita in 2010-11 from Solid waste

Variable Value

Total MSW generated 496,400 MT/year

% of MSW treated at SWD sites 100%

Methane correction factor* 0.6

Degradable organic carbon 65%

Fraction DOC dissimilated* 0.5

Fraction of CH4 in landfill gas* 0.5

Recovered CH4 0%

Oxidation factor 0

Calculated CH4 emission 10,131 MT/year

Total CO2 equivalent emissions 212760 MT/year

* These are IPCC default correction factors

Scientific treatment of waste

The total CO2 equivalent emissions could have been 5.58 times the current

emissions in case PMC had not installed the scientific technologies to

process MSW in Pune city

Recognition

Vasundhara Award 2013 by Maharashtra

Pollution Control Board for best practices

Vasundhara film Award 2013 for - Awareness

film ‘Kachara Muktnichya Dishene’

HUDCO Awards for Best Practices to “ Improve the living Environment 2012-13”

ICON SWM 2012- Award of Excellence in SWM.

-By International Society of waste management, Jadhavpur University & Karnataka Govt,2011-12.

NagarRatna Award by JNNURM in

2010-2011.

Skoch - Digital Inclusion Award:- The

-Benchmark of Best Practices 2013.

APTDC award 2013 – Runner-up for SWaCH model and PMC best practices

IUKAN Award 2015 – for SWaCH & Zero Garbage model.

SKOCH Award 2015 – 3 Awards for sanitation & environment related best practices.

SKOCH Award 2016 – 6 awards for SWM & Sanitation with GOLD AWARD

Sant Gadgebaba Nagari Swachata Abhiyan – 2nd award in 2010.

CONCLUSION

The city has taken multi dimensional approach to overcome the challenges of urbanization.

The solution lies in using different technologies tailor made to solve the specific needs of the problems at local level.

Citizen and Governance have come together and mutually agreed to execute solutions.

Pune- An Emerging ECO-Friendly City.

Thank You for patiently listening…