integrated dwdm photonics 2.0 for green exascale … · 2020. 9. 3. · integrated dwdm photonics...
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Integrated DWDM Photonics 2.0 for Green Exascale Supercomputing in HPE
Di Liang
Senior Research Scientist, Principal Engineer Large-Scale Integration Photonics (LSIP) Group Hewlett Packard Labs
ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review Meeting Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, 2019, Coronado, CA, USA
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Exascale computing
2
2016
1989 2019
PathForward ($80M)
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Photonic Interconnected Exascale
3
racks can behave as a single server
100’s
Reduces energy
to move data
Reduces cost to move data
High-radix topologies
become possible
Optimizes bandwidth per
pin
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
HPE DWDM Photonics 1.0
4 Chen, OI (2015); Wu, APC (2016) Li, JSSC 50, 3145 (2015)
Multi-λ light source
Optical fiber
CMOS Driver
Tuning circuitry
Waveguide
Microring
Tx module
Optical coupler
CMOS Receiver
PD
Rx module
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
HPE DWDM Photonics 2.0 ARPA-E OPEN 2018 Program
5
– Title: ULTRA-ENERGY-EFFICIENT INTEGRATED DWDM OPTICAL INTERCONNECT (ULTRALIT) – Goal: A fully-integrated, silicon-based, DWDM optical transceiver solution with over 1 Tb/s data rate and
<1.5 pJ/bit energy efficiency at 50 oC
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Heterogeneous InAs/GaAs QD comb lasers
6
– Low-threshold and robust operation up to 100 oC
– 14 comb lines (100 GHz) for error-free external modulation
– Noise comparable to the best commercial lasers
Ch. 1 Ch. 15
Kurczveil, OE 24, 16167 (2016); PTL 30, 71 (2018); ISLC (2018)
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D. Liang @ Market Focus, ECOC 2019
[Cisco] Webster, CSICS, (2015)
III-V (InP) High-speed MOS capacitor modulation
7
c-Si
poly-Si
or deposited oxide
2 2
0
2 2 * *
0
3 2
0
2 3 *2 *2
0
8
4
e h
ce ch
e h
ce e ch h
q N Nn
c n m m
q N N
c n m m
λ
π ε
λα
π ε µ µ
− ∆ ∆∆ = +
∆ ∆∆ = +
Liang, Nat. Photon. 10, 719 (2016); Liang, Opt. Fiber Tech. 44, 43 (2018)
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D. Liang @ Market Focus, ECOC 2019 Athermal tuning and faster photon lifetime modulation
8
– Leakage current: 20-50 fA @ +/-4 V swing ~1.6 nm/pW vs. thermal/carrier injection tuning ~sub or a few nm/mW: >1,000,000,000X improvement!
– Lock the laser and modulator wavelength to the grid within 10 oC
– Zero-chirp operation
– Faster photon lifetime laser direct modulation
Dai, NJP 11, 125016 (2009) Huang, IPC (2017) Liang, OFC (2018)
0 V 2 V 4 V
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Enhanced heterogeneous passive components
– Coupled ring add/drop or interleaver with athermal power-free controllability
– Grating coupler with enhanced coupling efficiency and spectral bandwidth
9
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Low-voltage SiGe avalanche photodetectors
10
Ge Si
Al
SiO2
Pt
1µm
Huang, Optica 3, 793 (2016); Zeng, Optica 6, 772 (2019)
300 GHz
QE=83%
• Operation voltage: <-10 V • Quantum efficiency: 83%
D. Liang @ ISUPT-SSPhF 2019
35 Gb/s
Breakdown voltage: -6 V
M=4
WG p-i-n NI p-i-n
25 Gb/s
M=3
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Unique strategies in ULTRALIT
Power Bandwidth Cost
Silicon-based DWDM light source ↓ ↑ ↓ Smart interleaver/splitter ↓ ↑ ↓ MOSCAP modulation ↓ ↑ MOSCAP athermal tuning ↓ ↓ Sensitive APD Rx ↓ ↓ Enhanced passive PICs ↓ ↓
11
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Pros and Cons to use quantum-dot lasing medium
Comb laser with external modulation for >Tb/s traffic (up to 2 km)
Directly modulated ring laser array for x00 Gb/s traffic (up to 500 m)
Gain stability at high temperature
Wide gain bandwidth
Low amplitude noise (RIN)
Low sensitivity to reflection
Better immunity to defects
Quick gain saturation
12
λ1 λ2
λ3 λ4
Arakawa, APL 40, 939 (2011) Huang, JOSA-B 35, 2780 (2018)
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Heterogeneous QD microring lasers
13
III-V mesa
Ring WG BUS WG
N-doped GaAs InAs/GaAs QDs
P-doped GaAs Contact metal
Si
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
EO R
espo
nse
(dB
)
Frequency (GHz)
5 mA15 mA22 mA
(d)
Zhang, Optica 6, 1145 (2019); Fan, OFC (2019)
• 20 oC threshold current: 1.5-3 mA (Jth~200-400 A/cm2) [Hero device: Ith=0.7 mA (~90 A/cm2)]
• Max. output power: ~ 1 mW • cw lasing up to 70 oC stage temperature • Single-mode possible, multi-mode typical • Direct modulation bandwidth up to 8 GHz, 2-5 GHz typical
12.5-15 Gb/s (1.2 pJ/bit)
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Optical injection locking (OIL)
14
10 dB
M# SMSR M1: 48 dB M2: 49 dB M3: 51 dB M4: 55 dB M5: 55 dB M6: 56 dB M7: 56 dB M8: 54 dB M9: 54 dB M10: 49 dB M11: 44 dB
– Enhance modulation bandwidth
– Reduce the relative intensity noise (RIN)
– Reduce the frequency noise
– Lock slave’s phase and frequency
Liang, ECOC (2019)
Master Slave Master
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Proposed heterogeneous DWDM OIL System-on-chip
15
Liang, ACP (2019)
1 master to lock multiple slave
Enable single-mode slave operation
Extend slave modulation bandwidth
Guide slaves to uniform DWDM grid
Provide selective optical gain to master comb
Enable comb line power equalization
Fully-integrated on one chip
without isolation potentially
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Optical injection locking setup
16
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
OIL-enabled single-mode operation
– Tunable single-λ Santec laser (up to 13 dBm)
– ∆λcomb=50 GHz (~0.3 nm), FSRring=3 nm
– Tunable optical filter to select 1 or 5 comb line(s) to inject
17
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D. Liang @ ARPA-E ENLITENED Annual Review, Coronado, CA 2019
Dynamic performance enhancement
18 20 Gb/s, SNR=4.7 dB 20 Gb/s, SNR=NA
15 Gb/s, SNR=4.7 dB 15 Gb/s, SNR=4.3 dB
Comb master (1λ) (5λ) 4 Gb/s, SNR=2.4 dB
Free-running slave
(5λ) adjacent mode
15 Gb/s
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Thank you [email protected] labs.hpe.com
Acknowledgement – LSIP group members and alumni – Collaborators: John Bowers (UCSB), Zhixin Liu (UCL) – Funding agencies