instytut problemÓw jĄdrowych im. andrzeja sołtana the

PL0401646

INSTYTUT PROBLEMÓW JĄDROWYCH im. Andrzeja SołtanaTHE ANDRZEJ SOŁTAN INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES

INSTYTUT PROBLEMOW J&DROWYCH im. Andrzeja Soltana

The Andrzej Softan INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES

INIS-PL- 0007

ANNUAL REPORT

PL-05-400 OTWOCK-8WIERK, POLANDtel.: 048 22 718 0 83fax: 048 22 779 34 1e-mail: sins�ipj.gov.pihttp:Hwww.ipj.gov.pi

Editors:

D. ChmielewskaE. InfeldZ. PreibiszP. ?upraftki

Secretarial work and layout:

A. OdziemczykK. Traczyk

Cover design

G. Karczmarczyk

Printed by

Zakfad Graficzny UW, zam. 280/2004

ISSN 1232-5309

Annual Report 2003 3

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL INFORMATION 7

1 - MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE 7

2. SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL 8

3. DEPARTMENTS OF THE INSTITUTE I 0

4. SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE INSTITUTE

5 . V IS IT IN G SC IE N T IST S ....................................................................................................... 1 3

6. GRANTS 1 5

7. DEGREES 1 8

8. CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS ORGANIZED BY IPJ ........................................... 1 8

11. REPORTS ON RESEARCH BY DEPARTMENT 1 9

1 NUCLEAR REACTIONS I 9

2. NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY AND TECHNIQUE ............................................................ 35

3. DETECTORS AND NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS ............................................................... 55

4. RADIATION SHIELDING AND DOSIMETRY ................................................................. 69

5. PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................ 79

6. H IG H EN E R G Y PH Y SIC S ................................................................................................... 93

7. C O SM IC R A Y PH Y SIC S ................................................................................................... 115

8. N U C L E A R T H E O R Y ......................................................................................................... 127

9. M A T ER IA L ST U D IES ..................................................................................................... <�D

10. ACCELERATOR PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY ......................................................... 151

11. TRA IN IN G A N D CO N SU LTIN G ...................................................................................... (161)

12. ESTABLISHMENT FOR NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT ........................................................ 171

111. O B IT U A R IE S ............................................................................................................................ 17 7

111. A U T H O R IN D E X ..................................................................................................................... 179

4 Annual Report 2003


IIIII

FOREWORD PLO401647

My Forevvord to the 2002 Annual Report ended with a handful of best wishes for te year 2003.

One of them, rather ighly ptched, was addressed to our funding authorities: may teir preachincy

about a Knowledge Based Society in Poland" come true! There is, unfortunately, little evidence tat

this preaching is taken seriously by the preachers, even though the time for that in a unifying Europe is

high I hope that this Annual Report bears witness that at least we are doing our bit in this direction.

Thus:

We have published 203 papers i international journals. Several of them quickly gain

international recognition. There was hard competition for our nternal awards. The four

emerging winners are behind the contributions: on the creation of circular vortices in Bose-

Einstein condensates contribution 823), on our share in the NA49 experiment at CERN

(contribution 64), on our use of solid state nuclear track detectors, SSNTD, in the hostile

environment of hot plasma experiments (contribution 5.5) and o some special detectors or

positron emission tomography to be applied in hadron therapy contribution 37).

We have also contributed to te ceneral education by, eg., having over 7000 young guests at

C, t, t, t t,

our Trainino, Department (see Capter I ), taking part in the Science Festival in Warsaw adZ-1

Udi, or starting the Roland Maze project" in that city. The pr Ject alms at involving a largeOi 1-1

number of hgh school pupils in active research concerning extensive air showers at highest

energies (contribution 76). Very importantly, it has gained approval and financial support of te

local authorities in L6&.

Two international meetings were organized by our Institute: the XXVIII Mazurian Lakes

Conference, "The Atomic Nucleus as a Laboratory for Fundamental Processes", EPS sponsored,

see e.a. CERN Courier 44 2004), and the "Conference on Plasma Research and Applications,

PLASMA 2003", biannual -athering of plasma physics its.

Our attempts at obtaining EU contracts (see p. 17) gain momentum. This track full of urdles,

expected as well as unexpected ones. Slowly, we seem to be earning how to take them.

It seems to be trendy nowadays to refer to our field of research as Subatomic Pysics.

Obviously, this field has very strong links and/or overlaps of interests and expertise wth several other

branches of modern science. The prime example is of course astrophysics with its emerging subfields:

the astro-nuclear and astro-particle pysics. Several of us have for years been involved in some

astrophysics related pr 'ects. New, hgh expectations raised by undertakings in this drectio reOi Z:1 11:1

described in contribution 615. We wish our colleagues every success in their planned expeditio to

Chile.

6 Annual Rel)ort 2003

Our Subatomic Physics as also strong links to and involvement in various applied sciences. It

is the weakness and the strenath of tis field that applications are varied and scattered throughout

many industries. They fd their use i many other fields of research, notably in environmental studies

and, last but not least, ae te basis of a aroe number of life saving techniques. We can provide

material to illustrate the relevant statement of te President of our Academy, prof. Andrzej B. egocki:

"In spite o 'inany a coninzon belief I claini that te diving force of any progress is ftindamental

research. Not only does it extend our Understanding of the vvorld around its, it also is ehind all those

new technologies vvhich are essential.for the advancement of civilisation " (Forum Akademickle Nr 1,

2004, p. 17). One such iustration", described in contribution 5.8, concerns a new technology of

producing thin superconducting films foi- Irish energy particle accelerators. Hopefully, tis may?- C,

become an important, economic method.

This Foreword is not meant as a uide throuah our Report but, hopefully, should serve as an

encouragement to look inside.

I hope the Reader finds satisfaction in doing so.

Professor Ziemowid S 'kowski


1. GENERAL INFORMATION

The Institute is a state owned laboratory. It conducts pure and applied research oil subatomicphysics, i.e. elementary particle, low and high energy nuclear physics, plasma physics and eated

fields.The Institute specializes in accelerator physics and technology, material research with nuclear

techniques, the development of spectrometric techniques, nuclear electronics and also in applications

of nuclear techniques to environmental research, nuclear medicine etc.Apart from scientific departments, there is a separate production unit operating withi te

Institute - ZdAJ (the Establishment for Nuclear Equipment). This unit specializes in medical

equipment, notably in the production of linear electron accelerators for oncology.

The main site of te Istitute is wierk near Otwock, but sorne of its departments (P-1, P-VI,

P-VIII) are located in Warsaw, PL-00-681 Warsaw, 69 Ho2a street, and one (P-VII) in the cityof L6&, PL-90-950 Udi, 5 Uniwersytecka street.

1. MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE

Director Professor Ziernowid SUJKOWSKI

phone: 22) 718-05-83

e-mail: sujkowsk�ipj.gov.p1

Deputy Director, Research and Development Professor Marek MOSZYT�SKI

phone: 22) 718-05-86'l: marek�i .gov.pl

e-mal Pi

Scientific Secretary Dr. Danuta CHMIELEWSKA

phone: 22) 718-05-85

e-mail: danka�lpj.gov.pl


2. SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL

Till 30.06.2003

The previous Scientific Council was elected on the 7th of May 1999 by the scientific,technical and administrative staff of the Istitute. The Council had the ri-ht to confer PD andhabilitation degrees in physics (DSc).

Representatives of scientific staff:

Helena Bialkowska, Assoc.Prof. Marian Pachan, MSc.

Wieslaw Czarnacki, Dr. Jerzy Piekoszewski, ProfessorStanislaw Gqbalski, MSc- Stanislaw Pszona, Dr.

Michal Gryzifiski, Assoc.Prof. Wojciecli Ratyfiski, Professor

Marian Jask6la, Professor Malpk Sadowski, Professor, Deputy Chairman

Ro§cislaw Kaczarowski, Assoc.Prof. Adam Sobiczewski, Professor

TadeUsz Kozlowski, Dr. Ryszard Sosnowski, Professor, ChairmanStanislaw Kulifiski Pofessor, Deput Cairman Joanna Stepaniak, Professor

Jerzy Langner, Dr. Ziernowid Sujkowski, ProfessorLeszek Lukaszuk, Professor, Deputy Chairrnan Grzegorz Wilk, Assoc.Prof.Marek Moszyfiski, Professor Slawomir Wycech, Professor

Representatives of technical personnel:

Genowefa Fajkowska, Eng. Jolanta Mozdrzewska, MSc.

Edward Fronczak, technician Jacek Pracz, MSc.Bogdan Gas, Ec, Anna Sidort"Andrzej Hlger, MSc. 1wona Zawrocka, MSc.

Jan Kope6, Eng. Zbigniew Zero, Eic,

External members:

Andrz Budzanowski, Professor - Institute of Nuclear Physics,(IFJ), CracoweiAndrzej Chmielewski, Assoc.Prof. - Institute of Nuclear Chemistry (IChTJ), WarsawTomasz Czosnyka, Assoc.Prof. - Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw UniversityJacek Fijuth, Assoc.Prof. - Institute of Oncology, Warsaw

Janusz Mika, Professor - Institute of Atomic Energy (IEA), Warsaw

Zdzislaw Pawlowski, Pofessor - Warsaw Technical InstituteStanislaw Rohozi6ski, Professor - Institute of Theoretical Physics, Warsaw University

Janusz Zakrzewski, Professor - Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University


From 28.10.2003

The new Scientific Council was elected on the 28"' of October 2003.

Representatives of scientific staff:

Helena Bialkowska, Assoc.Prof., Deputy Chairman Jan Nassalski, Professor

Ludwik Dobrzyfiski, Professor Krzysztof Rusek, Assoc. Prof.

Marian Jask6la, Professor Adam Sobiczewski, ProfessorRo9cislaw Kaczarowski, Assoc.Prof. Ryszard Sosnowski, Professor, Cairman

Robert Kielsznia, Dr. Ziemowid S 'kowski, Professor

Ryszard Kisiel, Dr. S14wornir Wronka, Dr.Leszek LukaSZLik, Professor, Deputy Chairt-nan Janusz Wilczyfiski, Professor,

Marek Moszyfiski, Professor Deputy Chairman

Representatives of technical personnel:

Robert Hornuna, MSc. Jacek Pracz, MSc.

Jan Kope6, Eng. Krystyna Traczyk, MSc.

Jerzy Ma 'anowski, MSc.

External members:

Andrzej' Budzanowski Pofessor - Institute of Nuclear Physics,(IFJ), Cracow

Katarzyna Chalasifiska-Macukow, Professor - Institute of Geophysics, Warsaw University

Tornasz Czosnyka, Assoc.Prof. - Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw University

Danuta Kisielewska, Professor - University of Minnino, and MetalurgyID 2:1Wojc1ech Kr6likowski, Professor - Institute of Theoretical Physics, Warsaw Uiversity

Zbigniew Kulka, Professor - Warsaw Technical InstituteJulian Malicki, Assoc. Prof. - Wielkopolskie Centrum OnkologiiMarek Pajek, Professor - Akademia Swiqtokrzyska, KielceStanislaw Rohozifiski, Professor - Institute of Theoretical Physics, Warsaw Uiversity

Michal Walig6rski, Professor - Institute of Oncology, Cracow


3. DEPARTMENTS OF THE INSTITUTE

- NUCLEAR REACTIONS (P-1)Head of Department - Assoc. Prof. Krzysztof RUSEK

- NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY AND TECHNIQUE (P-11)Head of Department - Dr TadeUsz KOZLOWSKI (till June 30)

Dr Jan SERNICKI (frorn July )

- DETECTORS AND NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS (P-111)Head of Department - Assoc. Prof. Zbi.In'ew GUZIK

- RADIATION SHIELDING AND DOSIMETRY (P-IV)Head of Department - Dr Stanislaw PSZONA

- PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY (P-V)Head of Department - Professor Marek SADOWSKI

- HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (P-VI)Head of Department - Assoc. Prof. Helena BIALKOWSKA

- COSMIC RAY PHYSICS (P-VII)Head of Department - Dr Jacek SZABELSKI

- NUCLEAR THEORY (P-VIII)Head of Department - Assoc. Prof. Grzegorz WILK

- MATERIAL STUDIES (P-IX)Head of Department - Assoc. Prof. Zbi.,In'ew WERNER

- ACCELERATOR PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY (P-X)Head of Department - Dr Eugeniusz PLAWSKI

Other units:

- DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING AND CONSULTINGDirector - Pofessor Ludwik DOBRZYT�SKI tel.718-06-12, 718-05-71

- ESTABLISHMENT FOR NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT (ZdAJ)Director, MSc. Jacek PRACZ tel.718-05-00, 718-05-02

- TRANSPORT DIVISION (ZTS)Director, Civ. Eng. Bogdan GAS tel.718-06-16, fax 048-22-718-06-15

Annual Report 2003

4. SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE INSITUTE

PROFESSORS

1. BLOCKI Jan Theoretical Nuclear Physics2. DABROWSKI Janusz Theoretical Nuclear Pysics

DOBRZYT�SKI Ludw1k Solid State Physics4. INFELD Eryk Plasma Physics and Nonlinear Dynamic.,;5. JASKOLA Marian Low Energy Nuclear Physics6. LUKASZUK Leszek Particle Physics7. MARCINKOWSKI Andrze' Low Energy Nuclear Physics8. MOSZYNSKI Marek Nuclear Electronics, Technical Physics9. MRbWCZY]�SKI Stanislaw Particle Physics10. NASSALSKI Jan Particle PhysicsI 1. PEKOSZEWSKI Jerzy Solid State Physics12 SADOWSKI Marek Plasma Physics13. SIEMIARCZUK Teodor Particle and Hiah Energy Nuclea Pysics14. SOBICZEWSKI Adam Theoretical Physics, Member of the Polish

Academy of Sciences15. SOSNOWSKI Ryszard Particle Physics, Member of the Polish

Academy of Sciences16. STEPANIAK Joanna High Energy Nuclear Physics17. SUJKOWSKI Zernowid Low Energy Nuclear PhysicsIS. SZEPTYCKA Maria Particle Physics19. TUROS Andrz ' (" ") Solid State Physics20. WILCZYT�SKI Janusz Low Energy Nuclear Physicst,

1 WILK Grze ooi-z Particle Physics22. WYCECH Slawornir Nuclear and Particle Physics

CONTRACT PROFESSORS1. MOROZ Zbigniew Low Energy Nuclear Physics

:1 Z:12. ZUPRAT�SKI Pawel High Energy Nuclear Physics

ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS and DSc

I .BIALKOWSKA Helena High Energy Nuclear Physics2. DELOFF Andrzej Particle Physics3. GUZIK Zbioniew Nuclear Electronics4. JAGIELSKI Jacek Solid State Ph sics5. KACZAROWSKI Ro9cislaw Low Energy Nuclear Physics6. KIELCZEWSKA Danuta Particle Physics7. RUSEK Krzysztof Low Energy Nuclear Physics8. RONDIO Ewa Particle Physics9. SANDACZ Andrzej' Particle Physics10. SKALSKI Janusz Theoretical Nuclear Physics11. SLAPA Mieczyslaw Solid State Physics12. SZCZEKOWSKI Marek Particle Physics13. SZYMANOWSKI Lech Theoretical Nuclear Physics14. WERNER Zb1gn1ew Solid State Physics15. WIBIG Tadeusz ("") Cosmic Ray Physics


16. W�LICKI Wojciech Particle Physics

17. WROCHNA Grzeoorz Particle Physics

18. ZABIEROWSKI Janusz Cosmic Ray Physics

19. ZWIFG1,11�SKI BoClUsfaw Nuclear Physics

RESEARCH STAFF

I ADAMUS Marek 30. PLOCIENNIK Weronika.

2. AUGUSTYNIAK Witold 31. POLA�4SKI Aleksander

3. BALCERZYK Marcin 32. PREIBISZ Zygmunt

4. BARANOWSKI Jaroslaw 33. PSZONA Stanislaw5. BARLAK Marek (**) 34. RABIT�SKI Marek6. BATSCH Tadeusz 35. ROZYNEK Jacek

7. BIET�KOWSKI Andrzej 36. RUCHOWSKA Ewa

8. BORSUK Stanislaw 37. SENATORSKI Andrzej9. CHARUBA Jacek 38. SERNICKI Jan

10. CHMIELEWSKA Danuta 39. SKLADNIK-SADOWSKA E.

11. CHMIELOWSKI Wladyslaw 40. SKORUPSKI Andrzej **)

12. CZARNACKI Wieslaw 41. SMOLAI�CZUK Robert13. GOKIELI Ryszard 42. SOWI`�4SKI Mieczyslaw

14. GOLDSTEIN Piotr 43. STONERT Anna15. G6RSKI Maciej 44. SZABELSKA Barbara

16. JAKUBOWSKI Lech 45. SZABELSKI Jacek17. KORMAN Andrzej 46. SZLEPER Michal (I-)

18. KOZLOWSKI TadeUSZ 47. SZYDLOWSKI Adam

19. KUP�� Andrzej (*) 48. SZYMAT�SKI Piotr (*)

20. KUREK Krzysztof 49. SZYMCZYK Wladyslaw21. LANGNER Jerzy 50. TRZCf14SKI Andrzej22. MARIAI�SKI Bogdan 51. UTYUZH Oleg

23. MYSLEK-LAURIKAINEN B. 52. WINCEL, Krzysztof

24. NAWROT Adam 53. WOJTKOWSKA Jolanta(**)

25. NOWICKI Lech 54. WOLSKI Dariusz26. PATYK Zygmunt 55. WYSOCKA Anna

27. PIECHOCKI Wlodzimierz 56. ZALEWSKI Piotr

28. PIOTROWSKI Anton] 57. ZYCHOR Izabella

29. PLAWSKI EUgeniusz

on leave of absencepart-time employee


5. VISITING SCIENTISTS

I Cohen F. College de France, Paris, France Jan. 3tO P-Vil

2. Schnell G. DESY, Hamburg, Germany Jan. 712 P-I

3. Koval N. HCEI, Tomsk, Russia Jan. 28-31 P-V

4. Lachieze-R. M. CEA, Saclay Fance Jan. 28-Feb 2 P-VIII

5. Garkusha 1. NSC KIPT, Ukraine Feb. 128 P-V

6. Knappe H. Hahn-Meltner Institute, Germany Feb. 10- 2 P-VII

7. Klamra W. Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Feb. 10- 1 4 P-1111

8 . Kodama T. University o-Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Feb. 12-16 P-VIII

9. Wandler E. Friedrich Schiller Univ., Germany Feb. 15-23 P-I

10. Rabbe R. CEA, Saclay, France March 25-30 P-1

11. Artukh A. Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia March 3 April 3 P-I

12. Dietrych K. T.U. MUnich, Germany April 23 P-Vill

13. Gazeau P. University of Paris, France April 910 P-Vill

14. Capdevielle N. Colle-c de France, Paris, France April 10-20 P-VII

15. Garrido F. Centre de Spectrometric de Masse April 22-May 9 P-1

et Spectrometric Nucleare Orsay, France

16. Klamra W. Royal Inst. ofTechnology, Stockholm, Sweden May 616 P-111

17. Maydanyuk K. Inst. for Nuclear Research, Ukraine May 12-June 22 P-VIII

18. Guryna W. Brookhaven National Lab., USA June 823 P-VI

19. Guryna W. Brookhaven National Lab., USA June 29-July I P-VI

20. Kilian P. Forschunuszentrum, R111ch, Germany June 21-24 P-111

21. Morsch P. Forschun-szentrum, Rich, Germany June 21-25 P-111

22. Marmonier C. PHOTONIS, Brive, France June 26-27 P-ITI

23. Moussant C. PHOTONIS, Brive Fance June 26-27 P-111

24. Petrotchenkov S.A. Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia July 120 P-VII

25. Gazeau P. University of Paris, France July 810 P-Vill

26, Rudchik A. Inst. for Nuclear Research, Uki-aine July 15-16 P-1

27. Litvinov J. GSI, Darmstadt, Germany July 21-30 P-Vill

28. Tazzarl S. Univ. for Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy July 22-23 P-V


29. Russo R. UnIv. for Tor Vrawa, Roma, Italy July 22-23 P-V

30. Catani L. Univ. Tora Ver(yata, Rorna. Italy July 22-23 P-V

31. Proch D. DESY, Hamburg, Germany July 22-23 P-V

32. Carrington J. Brandon University, Canada July 24-30 P-VI

33. Matos M. GSI, Darmstadt, Germany Aug. 10-19 P-Vill

34. Garrido F. Centre de Spectrornetrie de Masse Sept. l- 12 P-1

et Spectrometric de Nucleare Orsay Fance

35. Lapshyn V. NSC KIPT, Ukraine Sept. 813 P-V

36. Garkusha 1. NSC KIPT, Ukraine Sept. 813 P-V

37. Taran V. NSC KIPT, Ukraine Sept. 813 P-V

38. Tereshin V. NSC KIPT, Ukraine Sept. 813 P-V

39. Krualakov E. Budker Institute, Nowosybirsk, Russia Sept. 8- 3 P-V

40. Baronova E. Kurchatov Institute, Russia Sept. S 3 P-V

41. Vikhrev V. Kurchatov Institute, Russia Sept. 813 P-V

42. Clanchl A. UnIv. or Tor Vrgata, Roma, Italy Sept. 813 P-V

43. Mikhallov A. IJINR, Yakutsk, Russia Sept.] 5- Oct.5 P-VI

44. Klarnra W. Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Sept.29-Nov I P-1111

45. Wallon 0. University of Paris. France Oct. 612 P-VIII

46. Capdevielle N. Colleae de France, Paris, Fance Oct.26-Nov 12 P-VII

47. Alamanos A. CEA, Saclay, France Oct.29-Nov.2 P-1

48. Pakau A. Univ. of loannida, Grecce Oct.29-Nov.2 P-1

49. Munier S. Ecole Politechnique Fance Nov. 39 P-VI1I

50. Guryna W. Brookhaven National Lab., USA Nov. 15-24 P-V

51. De Martinis C. INFN, Mediolan, Italy Nov. 20-21 P-X

52. Giove D. INFN, Mediolan, Italy Nov. 20-21 P-X

53. Gazeau P. University of Pris Fance Nov. 24-25 P-Vill

54. Koshchy E. Kharkiv State Univ., Ukraine Dec. 2 P-1

55. Rudchlk A. Inst. for Nuclcar Research, Ukraine Dec. 4 P-Vill

56. Willis B. University of Oxford UK Dec. 914 P-1

57. Cohen N. Colleae de Fance, Parls, France Dec. 15-22 P-VII

Annual Report 2003 t5

6. GRANTS

LIST OF RESEARCH PROJECTS (GRANTS) REALIZED IN 2003Granted by State Committee for Scientific Research (KBN)

1. DYNAMICS OF FUSION AND DEEP INELASTIC REACTIONSPrincipal Investigator: Prof. J. BlockiNo.2PO3BO5419

2. STUDIES OF THE GLUON POLARIZATION IN THE NUCLEONPrincipal Investigator: Assoc. ProL A. SandaczNo.2P03B11319

3. INVESTIGATIONS OF LEPTON PAIR PRODUCTION IN INTERACTIONS PROTON-PROTON ANDPROTON-DEUTERON IN EXPERIMENT WASAPrincipal Investigator: ProL J. StepaniakNo.5PO3BO9420

4. SEARCH FOR NEUTRINOS TAU FROM OSCILLATIONS NEUTRINO Ml<->NEUTRINO TAUPrincipal Investigator: Assoc. ProL E. RondioNo.5PO3BO9520

5. PROJECT AND EXECUTION TECHNOLOGY OF PROTOTYPE MEDICAL UNIT FORBRACHYTHERAPY OF BRAIN CANCER WITH USE OF PHOTON NEEDLEPrincipal Investigator: Assoc. Prof. M. SlapaNo. I OT 1003 200OC/5092

6. INVESTIGATION OF AVALANCHE DIODS IN THE TEMPERATURE OF LIQUID NITROGEN FORSCINTILLATION DETECTION. APPLICATION IN SPECTROMETRY OF NUCLEAR RADIATIONPrincipal Investigator: Prof. M. MoszyfiskiNo. 8 I C00220

7. STUDIES OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS OF COSMIC RAYS IN THE PRIMARY ENERGY RANGE1015 - 5 I " eV ON THE ARRAY KASCADEPrincipal Investigator: Assoc. ProL J. ZabierowskiNo.5P03B13320

8. NUCLEAR STATES OF ETA MESONSPrincipal Investigator: ProL S. WycechNo.5PO3BO4521

9. ANALYSIS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC IONISING FACTORS IN NEAR GROUND AIRIN POLAND. APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS OF ENVIRONMENT ANDMANAGEMENTPrincipal Investigator: Dr. B. Myslek-LaurikainenNo. 6PO4GO0621

10. FORMATION AND DOSIMETRY OF NARROW BEAMS IN LINEAR ACCELERATORS USED INSTEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPYPrincipal Investigator: Prof. S. KulifiskiNo 7T I I E04121

11. INTERACTION OF HIPERONS WITH ATOMIC NUCLEI AND THE HIPERON-NUCLEONINTERACTIONPrincipal Investigator: Prof. J. DqbrowskiNo. 2PO3BO7522


12. PROPERTIES OF HEAVY AND SUPER-HEAVY NUCLEIPrincipal Investigator: Prof. A. SobiczewskiNo.21?031303922

13. THEORY OF NUCLEAR SYNTHESISPrincipal Investigator: Dr. R. SmolafiezukNo. 2P031304622

14. DYNAMICS OF RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR AND HADRONIC COLLISIONS IN THE CERN SPSENERGY RANGE. EXPERIMENT NA49Principal Investigator: Prof. H. BialkowskaNo.21?031313023

t 5. EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ABSORBED DOSE DISTRIBUTION INCORONARY TISSUE OF THE PATIENTS TREATED WITH P-32 RADIOACTIVE SOURCEPrincipal Investigator: Dr. St. PszonaNo. 3PO5CO6522

16. INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE IONISATION AND SHELL COUPLINGS ON L SERIES X RAYEMISSION EXCITED WITH HEAVY IONSPrincipal Investigator: Prof. M. Jask6laNo 2P031303824

17, DETERMINATION OF GLUON POLARISATION IN PROTON ON THE BASIS OF EXPERIMENTCOMPASSPrincipal Investigator: Prof. J. NassalskiNo 2PO3B 1425

1 S. SELECTION OF PHOTO-GLUON FUSION IN MION-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS WITHPRODUCTION OF HADRONS WITH GREAT TRANSVERSE MOMENTUMPrincipal Investigator: Prof. E. RondioNo 2PO3 B 10725

19. INVESTIGATION OF OPTICAL FLASHES ACCOMPANYING GAMMA-RAY BURSTSPrincipal Investigation: Assoc. Prof. G. WrochnaNo 2P031303825

In addition to the above, several of our scientists are principal investigators in grants coordinated by otherinstitutions.

RESEARCH PROJECTS GRANTED BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS

1. INVESTIGATIONS OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS WITH LOOSELY BOUND NUCLEIPrincipal Investigator: Prof. K. RusekAureement with JINR, Dubna

2. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF A PROTOTYPE OF A LINEAR ARC SOURCE FORCOATING OF COPPER CAVITIES WITH NIOBIUMPrincipal Investigator: Dr. J. LangnerAureement with DESY, Hamburg, Appendix No

11 11

3. CONSTRUCTIONS AND TESTING OF TWO TRAVELLING WAVESECTIONS OPERATING INDEFLECTOR MODEPrincipal Investigator: Dr. E. PlawskiNo PO/2327, Laboratorl Nazionall di Frascati. Italy


4. COLLABORATION IN THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SUPERHEAVYNUCLEIPrincipal Investigator: Prof. A. SobiezewskiJINR Dubna, Order 25 2

5. PARTICIPATION IN DESIGNING AND TESTING OF PHOTOMULTIPLIERSPrincipal Investigator: Prof. M. MoszyhskiConti-act of PHOTONIS, Brive Fance

6. DESIGN AND TESTING OF A STRIPE DETECTORPrincipal Investigator: Dr. T. BatscliOrder No. 122/41515683/251

7. DESIGN AND ACCOMPLISHMENT OF A MODEL OF n x 9 SUPERSTRUCTUREPrincipal Investlgator: Dr. E. PlawskiOrder DESY, Appendix No. 7

8. CARRYING OUT OF THE SPECIAL TESTING OF THE HIGH VOLTAGE PULSED CAPACITORSIK-50/3 AND DELIVER OF 30 SUCH CAPACITORS TO CUSTOMERPrincipal Investigator: Dr. J. LarignerA-reement No POL-C 130/2003 with ITAC Ltd., Tokyo

9. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEW SCINTILLATION MATERIALS IN APPLICATION TO THEBORDER DETECTION EQUIPMENTPrincipal Investigation: ProL M. MoszyfiskiContract No 125961NSM-donors F

10. THE CONSULTANCY IN THE FIELD OF SCINTILLATOR CRYSTAL ANALYSIS BY NUCLEARSPECTROMETRYPrincipal Investigator: ProL M. MoszyhskiContract No Sc 186697, Agreement wth Photonic Materials Ltd., Glasgow

I 1. THICK SILICON RADIATION DETECTORS FOR CHARGED PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPYPrincipal Investigator: Dr. W. CzarnackiOrder No A29987

RESEARCH PROJECT GRANTED BY INSTITUTIONS OF THE EUROPEANUNION

1. PARTICIPATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG RTD-D-3Principal Investigator: Assoc. Prof. H. BialkowskaContract No. HPRE-CT-2001-00190

2. DEVELOPMENT OF GRID ENVIRONMENTAL FOR INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS(CROSS GRID)Principal Investigator: Assoc. Prof. W.WiflickiNo. IST-2001-32243 Te Fifth Framework Proaramme of EC

3. NUPEX A WEB-BASED SCIENCE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR NUCLEAR SCIENCE ANDITS APPLICATIONSPrincipal Investigation: Prof. L. DobrzyfiskiContract No HPRP-CT-2002-00006


7. DEGREES

PhD theses

I JULIA HOFFMAN (Institute for Nuclear Studies, Otwock-�wierk)Search for light neutral Hic-s bosons in 2HDM model in e'e- collisions using DELPHI detector at LEP.

2. URSZULA MAJEWSKA Institute of Pysics, Akadernia wiqtokrzyska, Kielce)Study of ionization pocesses of ulphur pojectiles in collisions with atoms of solid states.

3. IGOR MUNTIAN (Institute fr Nuclear Studies, Otwock-�wierk)Deformed superheavy nuclei.

4. KRZYSZTOF NAWROCKI (Institute or Nuclear Studies, Otwock-�wierk)Studies of the b-quark decay into a strange quark and a gluon with the DELPHI detector.

5. SLAWOMIR WRONKA (Institute for Nuclear Studies, Otwock-�wierk)Study of CP violation n K] _.s->Tc+Tc-e'e- decays in NA48 experiment.

6. ANNA WYSOCKA (Institute for Nuclear Studies, Otwock-�wierk)Collimation and dosimetry of X-ray beams for stereotactic radiotherapy with a inear accelerator-.

8. CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS ORGANIZED ORCOORGANIZED BY IPJ

1. XXVIII Mazurian Lakes Conference on Physics"Atomic Nucleus as a Laboratory for Fundamental Processes"Krzy2e, Poland, August 3 - September 7 2003

followed by

5"' ANKE Workshop on"Strangeness production on Nucleons and Nuclei"Krzy2e, Poland, September - , 2003

Proceedings: Acta Phys. Pol. B35(3)2004, 893-1316See also: http:ll�fiavs.fiivv.edii.plliiiaziti-iciiiliiiaziti-ian.htiill

2. Conference on Plasma Research and ApplicationsPlasma 2003Warsaw, Poland, September 9 - 12, 2003

See: http:llplasliia2OO3.cbk.vvaiv.l)I

DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS 9

11. REPORTS ON RESEARCH

I DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR REACTIONSPLO401648

Head of Department: Assoc. Professor Krzysztof Rusekphone: (22) 621-38-29e-mail: rusek�fuw.edu.pl

Overview

In spite of reduced personnel the number of papers published and in press exceeded fifty, almost ten morethan a year ao. Another good sgn is the growing number of PhD students.

The following short reports cover the three m 'OF domains of our scientific activities: nuclear, material andatomic physics.

a Nuclear physics

The structure of light uclei was nvestigated, and studies of nuclear reactions induced by heavy ions wereperformed ncluding experiments at te Heavy Ion Laboratory of Warsaw University. The experiments werecarried out in collaboration with scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Research from Kiev, Ukraine.

Proton induced eactions on zirconiurn were nvestigated theoretically by means of a multistep-direct odelextended for the unbound particle - hole states. Good areement with the experimental data was achieved.

Isospin effects in mult1fragmentation of elativistic heavy ions were studied by the ALADIN Collaboratioll.

Elements ofa. new aeneration detector PANDA were tested experimentally using a proton bear povide bythe C30 compact cyclotron at Swierk.

Evidence of a narrow baryon state was found in a quasi - real photoproduction on the deuterium target by teHERMES Collaboration,

0 Atomic physics

Ionisation of selected heavy elements by sulphur ions was investigated in collaboration wth tile�wiqtokrzyska Academy, Kielce.

0 Materials research

Hydrogen release from ultralligh molecular weight olythene was investigated by means of' an c - particlebeam from the Van de Graaff accelerator of our Department.

Last but not least, many of our colleagues ave been involved in education. Lectures on nuclear pysics,accelerators, detectors used in nuclear esearch as well as nuclear methods applied in solid state studies rstudents from many hh schools of Warsaw and for students of Warsaw University were given by Dr. AndrzejKorman and Dr. Lech Nowicki. Also, our Department made a significant contribution to the 7 Science Festival,an event orcanized regulary every year for the general public.t, -I 11

20 Annual Report 2003PLO401649

1.1 Structure of the 14CI -(E,=6.09 MeV) Excited State from B 14C InelasticScattering

3 2) 2) 5)by S.Yu.Mezilevych" ), A.Budzanowsk' , V.K.Chernievsky'), B.Czech J.Choi ski4 , L.Glowacka2)S.Kliczewski , E.I.Koshchy6), V.M.Kyryanchukl), A.V.Mokhnach), A.A.Rudchik", A.T.Rudchikl),

K.Rusek 3), S.B.Sakuta'), R.Sludak 21, I.Skwirczyfiska2), A.Szczurek2), L.Zern-104)

Anaular distributions o' the differential cross tested. In the latter projection, the two neutrons were4Csection of the B scatterinty were measured at treated as one particle, dneutron. The optical

El,&("B = 45 MeV for the transitions to te (,round potentials for B core interaction were taken frorn4and excited states of B and C nuclei using the B Ref '[2], the potentials for ''B + n and B + 2n

ion beam from the Warsaw cyclotron U-200P. Te interactions were taken from Ref 3 In te fittingexperimental data were analyzed by means of coupled procedure we varied the parameters of tilechannels (CC) calculations. In this report we focus on spectroscopic amplitudes and the depth of tethe results obtained for the excitation of the imac,' the II B core potential. The resultsCl- (E�,=6.09 MeV) state of 4C. of the CC calculations with the coupling form-factors

At first we assumed this state to be a two-phonon derived from the single-neutron and dineutron modelsvibrational state. The optical potential for the ''B + are shown in Fig 2 by short-dashed and solid curves,It S respectively. The values of the spectroscopiccattering system was taken in the standardz, -)+iW(r). Its real part was derived I - project 14CJ_=I2C"+2n(SJ3P,)=1.O)complex form Vi amplitudes foi ionsfrom the known densities of B and 14 C nuclei by and 14CI_=13C I/2-+n(SJ2SI/2)=0.2, SJID312*0.5 wemeans of double - folding technique assuming M3y deduced from the fit. It is concluded that CCnucleon-nucleon interaction. The Imaginary part ofthe calculations with the collective form-factors and with

`:' �o the form-factors derived from the dineutron model Fitpotential was taken in the Woods-Saxon rm with the the data equally well, better than the calculations wthparameters: W=5.8 MeV, i-, 1450 fm and the form-factors derived from sngle-neutron model.a,,=0.670 frn. For - ctors or tansitions betweenthe states 01, 14C w ere constructed in the form s of 10 ....... .......... ......................derivative of the optical potential. The vbrational �.C(� �13, �'B) "C'...,,

parameter fll=0.143 was deduced from fitting the E,�,(`B = 45 MeV

experimental data at forward scattering angles. It is in 1good agreement with the value 1=0.18 deduced in T E�(`C) 6.09 WV (I-)

14 C(Cl () 4 Cpaper I from the analysis of the loinelastic scattering. The result of' the CC calculationswith the collective model form-factors is shown inFia. 1. lo

1 0 .... .. . ... .... .. .... .. ... .. .... ..... .. ... .... ... ... .. .14 12C Co, + 2n14

B. C,- 13CI12- +E ,.,(" B ) = 4 5 M eV lo .. .................. ......... 'L ................... .......

20 40 60 80 loo 120 140 160 1800- (d.g)

E.("C) 6.09 M.V 1 Fig. 2 Results of CC calculations assurnnig the single-neutron addineutron structure of the F ( i� = 609 McV state of "C.

E10

[1] G.Murillo et.al., Nucl. Phys. A579(1994)125[2] S.Yu.Mezhevych et.al., Nucl.Phys.A724(2003)29

lo [31 R.L.Warner et.al., Phys. Rep. 20](1991)57

1 ) Institute for Nuclear Research, Kiev, Ukraine2) H.Niewodniczafiski Institute of Nuclear Physics,l o , ...... ... ... .... .. ... ...... ... .... ..I .. .... ... ..... . ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... ...

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Cracow, Poland6- (d.g) 3) A.Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw,

Fig. I Result of the CC C,11CUlations assuming %vibrationalstructure of the V(E = 609 MeV) state of "C. Poland

4) Heavy Ion Laboratory of Warsaw University,Next, we considered this state to be of a sngle - Warsaw, Poland

of 14particle nature. In this case the wave function C 5) Military UnIv. of Technology, Warsaw, Polandmay be constructed from the wave functions of the 6) V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University,core nucleus in its round or excited states and the Kharkiv, Ukrainewave functions describing the relative motion f a 7) Russian Research Center "Kurchatov Institute".valence cluster and the core. The two projections ' Moscow, Russiathis state 14C 13c g.s. + n and 14C = 2Cil.s. + n, were


1.2 Breakup and Fusion of 6 Li with 208 Pbb K.Rusek PLO401650

The effect of beakup of weakly bound pojectiles between the total ct-production cross sction ad teon then- fusion wth the well bound tar-et nuclei is exclusive 6 Li breakup cross section (solid triangles IIIrecently intensively discussed [1]. In some papers Fig. 1) as discussed in Ref 7 This clearly sowslarae enhancement of the fusion cross section due to that reaction channels other than 6Li-(x+d breakupthe breakup process below the Coulomb barrier has which are responsible for the 75 percent of te et-been reported, while some of them pi-edict ather large particles emitted from the 6 Li + 208 Pb naivesuppression of the fusion cross section. an important influence on the fusion coss section

In this report we study this effect by means of calculations.continuum-discretized coupled-channels calculations 6(CDCQ. In the calculations a simple a. d cluster Li+"'Pbmodel of., 6 Li was assumed. Couplings to t three

of 6resonant states Li as well as to the non-resonant 103-.continuum up to excitation eneray of about 11 MeVwere included. All the dagonal and couplingpotentials were derived rom the empirical cluster you'lltaraet interactions using a single-folding technique.als were us 02Two sets of cluster - taruct input potenti ed

1 201 211p' ��h ASet A consisted of the empirical - Pb and d bG DC, C Aoptical potentials found in the low energy elastic

scattering studies 2 3. In set B. te imaginary parts11 I ch B

of those potentials were changed to t sort - ranged,typically used in t fusion calculations, with the 101T CDCC ,parameters W = 0 McV, r = I fm an a = 02 fin.

The calculations were performed by means of 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1-3computer code FRESCO 4]. They reproduced angulardistributions of the elastic scattering differential cross ECA111 / Bsection measured by Keeley et al. [5] and Gernmeke Fig. I Experimental data for fusion of 61-i with Pb (filed ircles)et al. 6 as well as the total breakup cross section of Wu et al. [81 compared with the esults of various calculations asreported recently by Sgnorini et al. [7]. The explained in the text. The surn of te fusion cross section and file soabsorption cross section, G. was extracted from the called stripping breakup cross section measured by Signorini et al.

ab,, [7] are plotted by the solid triangles.CDCC calculations in the following way,

Gbr + 19,,b = 7r/k Y 21 I (I _ S2), The effect of the 6Li --- a d breakup o tewhere elastic scattering S-matrix elements, S. and fusion process is found to be dependent on the nt

the beakup cross section, Gbr, Wer dectly provided potential parameters. When the parameter set .A .isby the CDCC calculations. If the breakup pocess is used, breakup suppresses the fusion coss sectio in

the whole energy range. Usina parameter set B. tethe dominant reaction channel, the absorption cross 1-1 . 0 LIeffect is opposite. The fusion cross section is

section should be equal to the usion coss section, i ificantly enhanced below the barrier.signi

The absorption cross sections generated by the In summary, it is found that the breakup of 6 Lialone is not able to explain all the problerns related to

CDCC calculations ae plotted in Fig I as a function the 6Li+201 Pb fusion cross section predictions.of the c.m. energy (ratio to the Coulomb barrier hight,

Influence of other reaction channels which ;ireV13). As expected, one - channel calculations with the responsible for the large et-production coss sectionset A of the input potentials (dotted curve) ave larger Z-,

observed experimentally have to be taken into accountabsorption than the calculations with the set B dot- Idashed curve). This is simply because the maginary In the model calculations.part of the dagonal potential derived from set A is oflarger range than the one derived from set B. [1] N.Alamanosetal.,Phys.Rev.C65(2002)054606

For both input sets, absorption cross section values [2] C.M.Perey et al., Phys. Rev. 132(1963)755obtained from the full CDCC calculations (solid and [3] G.Goldring et al., Phys. Lett. B32(1970)465dashed curves) are much larger than the experimental [41 I.J.Thompson, Comp. Phys. Rep. 71988)167

[5] N.Keeley et al., Nucl. Phys. A571(1994)326values of the fusion cross section published recently [6] H.Gemmeke et al., Z. Physik A286(1978)73by Wu et al. [8] (solid circles). The calculated esults, [7] C.Signorini et al., Phys. Rev. C67(2003)044607however, are very close to the sum of the measured [81 Y.W.Wu et al., Phys. Rev. C68(2003)044605fusion cross section and the so called strippingbreakup cross section. The latter is the dfference


1.3 Multistep Direct Emission from Proton Induced ReactionsPLO401651by A.Marcinkowski, P.DemetriOL11). B.Mariafiski

The multistep direct (MSD) reaction theory The non-DWBA, enhanced i-natrix elements weFeshbach, Kerman and Koonin (FKK) II] is based on used at the intermediate sta-es of the MSD reactionthe convolution of one-step coss sections to well together with the ISDbotjd cross sections to bot tedefined final states. Since these coss sections ave to collective one-phone and the incoherent bound-satisfy the energy weighted sum rules (EWSR's) the particle-hole states. It is shown in Fg. 1, that te MSDfinal states have to be ether te one-phonon collective cross sections of FKK for one-particle ernission ador the incoherent bound-particle-hole states (I SDboand)- the ISD1,11bound cross section for the more complicatedHowever, at energies above te particle-binding processes describe the experiment well.energy the one-step direct reaction (I SD) is likely to I 00 excite both te bound- ad unbound-particle-holestates. In the case of the unbound final states, the oe- 90

Zr(p.xn)step reaction leaves two particles in the continuum, E. �4 5 eV

'7namely the ejectile and te unbound particle f tefinal particle-hole state. At energies lower than thepotential depth, i.e. below 40 MeV, it is se toassume that the low energy unbound particle 0 loundergoes mainly damping transitions that end wth 0Wthe formation of a quasi-bound compound stateembedded in the continuum. Such transitions tat W0

W SDdamp a considerable part of' the dect reaction flux Uinto the compound nucleus states give rse to gradual 4 D

absorption. On the other hand, at eneraies hgher than0,1140 MeV, the unbound particle f the final state 0 5 10 1 5 20 2G t) 3 6 4:'i

escapes the nucleus leading to two-particle emission, NEUTRON ENERGY [MeVI

I.e. to a knockout reaction (a, ab) tat is out of the Fig. I The MSDNu,,,, cross sections of FKK for one-particle

scope of the FKK theory. Furthermore, the knockout emission calculated with the non-DWBA atrix lements or tile90zr(p (reaction can be followed by multistep scattering n)"Nb reaction at incident energy of' 45 MeV. Te morc

omplicated direct processes are included in the I SD�processes. The latter are described rigorously by the c

theory f Ciangaru 2 which however was never [1] H.Feshbach, A.Kerman, S.Koonin, Ann. Phys.implemented in calculations. Instead, an approximate (N.Y.) 125(1980)429method, based on the FKK theory was applie 3 [2] G.Ciangaru, Phys. Rev. C30(1984)479According to this method the SD,,,,b I Cross section [31 P.Demetriou, A.Marcinkowski, Nucl. Phys.to unbound-particle-hole states is obtained by A714(2003)75subtracting the cross section ISDbound rom ISD, i. e.ISDunbMind = ISD - ISDb,,,,,,d- It is worth emphasizing 1)1-1 Institute d'Astrophysique et d'Astronornie,that the FKK theory describes only ne-particle Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles, CP-226 Campus Laemission ad therefore allows folding only the Plaine B1050 Brussels, BelgiumISDbound into the multistep cross sections of the directreactions. 11111 III 11111 line 11111 IIII line IIII 111 1111

PLO401652

1.4 Isospin Effects in Multifragmentation of Relativistic Heavy Ionsby A.Mykulyak and B.ZwiqgI16sk fr te ALADIN Collaboration at GSI-Darmstadt

The role of sospin in multifragmentation has been components in certain regions of the phase diagramexplored very little up to now. This is in striking (isospin fractionation).contrast to the importance f isospin, in particular for The experiment S254 at GSI-Darmstadt wasany interpretation of the liquid-gas phase tansition o.' in order to determine observable

11 undertakennuclear matter. Theoretical studies aee that the consequences following the widest possible variationtransitions between the liquid and the gaseous phases of the isotopic composition of the colliding systern.will be of first order only in symmetric (N=Z) nuclear Beams of stable 124 Sn as well as scondary radlactivematter, whereas in asymmetric matter it will be of 12"La and 107 Sn nuclei with E/A=600 MeWnucleonsecond order [1]. Moreover, asymmetric nuclear have been delivered by the Fragment Separator (FRS)matter is pedicted to be unstable against a to the target of the upgraded ALADIN spectrometer-.decomposition into neutron-rich and ricutron-poor The secondary beams have been produced i te


spoliation process of the E/A=900 MeV/nucleon 142 NdEl Tc..t;:,l A7=2.14beam accelerated with the SIS 1 8 synchrotron and 0 4.-.5'

300 -separated by FRS frorn the est of poducts. Ficr I

0 Z'_4illustrates the isotopic composition of the beam taken 250107with the FRS settings optimized to select the C] Z,

component. F 1 cr. 2 presents the quantitative 200

contribution of different beam components with Z5A/Z=2.14, dspersed along te x-coordinate f the Q 1 0 -

position-sensitive dagnostic element Just precedingthe ALADIN target. By setting the ate at -5 rnm the 100-contribution of 19Sb can be significantly reduced.

50 -These two fi-ures illustrate te performance of FRS asreflected by the beam diagnostic elements.

5 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 1 0 1 20Position along the target mm)

Fig. 2 Distribution of intensity of different species i te pne ofthe ALADIN target, selected by imposing a syrnmetric around

...... ... A/Z = 214 in F g. 1.2. I�

The upgraded detector with the dedicatedelectronics system demonstrated an outstanding ass-

2.14 resolution and tracking capability. The data analysisfrom the S254 experiment is underway and esults ill

2.12 be available soon.

11 H.MuellerandB.D.SerotPhys.Rev.C522.0R (1995)2072I.J. .1- 111. I.... 1. S_ I. I. L .

4-S 4.1, 4 .2. 34% 4 0 .; 11 .1. �.L -- [21 C.Sfienti, J.Luehning, U.Lynen. W.F.J.Mueller

Fig. I Distribution of secondary beams, as delivered by FRS in and A.Mykulyak, GSI Scientific Report 2002,the A/Z vs Z plane. The A/Z=2.14 broken line coresponds to ""Sn. REPORT asi 2003-1, May 2003, p. 220

[31 C.Sfienti, J.Luehning, U.Lynen. W.F.J.Mueller.

The second essential element of the experimental A.Mykulyak, ... , 132wiq-1ifiski, Proc. of te XLlsystem was the ALADIN spectrometer having its Int. Winter Meeting on Nucl. Phys., BormJ(tracking and identification capability for the (Italy), Jan.26-Feb. 1 2003), Ricerca Scienti ficafragmentation products snificantly enhanced as a ed Educazione Permariente, Suppl. 120, 2003).result of the ecent upgrade 2, 31. p. 323, Ed. by .Iori and A.Moroni

1.5 Amplitude and Time Response of the PbWO4+LAAPD Combination to 26 MeV

Protons coby D.Meinychuk, M.Kisiefifiski, T.Kozlowski, A.Mykulyak, J.Wojtkowska, A.Trzcifiski and L 0(OI3.Zwiq-1ifiski for the ECAL-PANDA Collaboration at GSI

0

0PANDA is a multielernent detector system Photonix Inc. 2], possessing a large sensitive area ad

intended for studies of hadronic systems oriainatinc, in the spectral sensitivity domain well matched Lo tl CLZ, Z__the annihilation of antiprotons with rnomenta up to PWO emission spectrurn.15 GeV/c at the future accelerator facility at GSI [1]. geThe experimental setup we use consists of a largOpen charm and guonic excitation studies, which are M _/C 1 2. 11-1 diameter 70 cm) vacuum chamber with a 2 Z�of primary interest, require fst and compact Au on a thin C backing taraet in its enter and a smallelectrornaunetic calorimeter (ECAL) exploiting 1-1C, 0 chamber 15 cm) fixed to the 30' exit port of' tePbWO4 (PWO ad/or BGO crystals. The ECAL will former. The small chamber houses a scintillator ofthebe installed within a superconducting solenoid, size x2Ox2O mm, readout from both 2x2O mmproducing fields up to 2 T, therefore, the necessity to edges by a PMT XP2020 and a LAAPD, respectively.employ Jarge area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs) The PMT uives a start pulse for the tme-to-amplitudeas light sensors, replacing photomultlpfiers (PMTs), t7

traditionally used for this purpose. We a engaged in converter (TAQ in the time-response measurementsusing this setup. A collimator at the entrance of' te

work aimed at evaluating properties of aC� small chamber permits us to illuminate with particlesPWO+LAAPD combination, using crystals coming11 the central portion of the PWO. Because of its sallfrom different producers, readout with a 16 mm light yield, energetic particle beams ae used to

C,LAAPD 630-70-74-510 (windowless) of' Advanced evaluate properties of te scintillator coupled to a


sensor instead of radioactive sources. Te tarcTet PbWO4 -LAAPD. Ep=26 WV prea.�,p. CATSA, c..Ii,,g450facilitates fi ne tuning of the particle intensity

impinging on the sintillator A pair f water-cooled 400+

Peltier elements, installed within te charnber prmits 350,._4�

us to cool the LAAPD-holder. One pofits this way Z 300--

from its increased ain 3]..i , ( /E-1 7%Fig I presents the LAAPD-spectrum measured A

with this setup using 26 MeV potons frorn the C301 50

compact cyclotron at INS-�wierk as the primarybeam.

The spectrum comes from the 40 mm sample cut 0300 '0from a standard CMS crystal (I-st generation). The 100 I 50 200 250 3 400

Channel wmbe,

LAAPD temperature was -30' C in these Fig. Spectrum of protons measured with tile PWO+LAAPD

measurements, which boosted the signal due to t combination, the latter at T=-301.

scattered protons well above the rf background, seen [1] J.Aysto et al., An Int. Accelerator Facility forin the lowest channels. The sgnal due to electrons of Beams of Ions and Antiprotons, Conceptualthe same amplitude would correspond to aarnma-rayswith ener-ly below 20 MV (Birks'-effect). We Design Report, GSI, 2001;

I littL):HwA,,w-new.gsi.de/GSI-futui-e/cdi-demonstrate, therefore, that aamma-ray etectionC,thresholds well below this energy ae feasible for 12] Advanced Photonix Inc. product description,

Z` avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs);ECAL-PANDA with PWO crystals the 11-nd httL)://www.advancedi)(iotonix.coiiI,generation, using both LAAPD and cystal cooling,.1 31 A.Mykulyak et al., Nucl nstr. and Meth Awhich is known also to boost light output. By te 11-nd (accepted for publicat'generation are meant crystals of improved quality dueto special doping and rowth control.

PLO401654

1.6 Flavour Decomposition of the Sea Quark Helicity Distributions in the Nucleonfrom Semi-inclusive Deep-inelastic Scatteringby W.Augustyniak, A.Trzci6ski, P.Zt.lpra�skl for the HERMES Collaboration

Double-spin asymmetries of serni-inclusive Cross are consistent with zero for all sea flavours A ecentlysections for the production of identified pons and predicted flavour asymmetry in the polarlsation of thekaons have been measured in deep-inelastic scattering light sea quarks appears to be disfavoured by the data.of polarised positrons on a polarised deuteriurn taract.

Helicity distributions at a squared four mornenturn [1] A.Airapetianctal.,Phys.Rev.Lett.92(2004)transfer of (Q2)=2.5 GeV2 for quarks u, d, s and 012005

antiquarks u and d have been extracted from these data

tooether with reanalysed previous data for dentified The HERMES Collaboration comprises 32 institutions fro I ICountries at DeUtches Eektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburs-,

pions from a hydrogen tar-et [1].These dstributions11 C�

1.7 Quark Fragmentation to T+, no, K, Proton and Antiproton in the NuclearLo EnvironmentLO by W.Augustyniak, A.TrzcIfiski, P.ZLIPI-afiski for the HERMES Collaboration(O

0

0 The influence of a nuclear medium on Iepto- medium at low v and hh z with sgnificant

roduction of hadrons has been studied in the differences amonc, the various hadrons. The

HERMES experiment at DESY in semi-inclusive distribution of the hadron transverse momentum isp2

deep-inelastic scattering of' 27.6 GeV positions o-f enhanced at hgh , in the nuclear medium showing

deuterium, nitrogen and krypton targets. The evidence of the Cronin effect previously observed III

differential multiplicity for kypton relative to tat or collisions of heavy ions and protons with nuclei.

deuterium has been measured for the first time for

various identified hadrons (7c', c--, C(, K K--, p and [II A.Airapetian et al., Phys.Lett. B577(2003)37-) as a function of the virtual photon en ergy v, te

p I

fraction z o this energy tansferred to the hadron, andC,

the hadron tansverse momentum squared P2, [ Te The HERMES Collaboration comprises 32 institutions fro I I

multiplicity atio is strongly reduced in the nuclear countries at Deutches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg


1.8 Measurement Single-spin Azimuthal Asymmetries in Semi-inclusiveElectroproduction of Pions and Kaons on a Longitudinally Polarised PLO401656Deuterium Targetby W.Augustyniak, A.Trzcifiski, PILlprafiski for the HERMES Collaboration

Single spin asymmetries have been measured for for Tco 0021 0.005 (stat) 0.003 (syst)

semi-inclusive electroproduction of 7r'� n no and K' for K: 0.0 3 0.006 (stat) 0.003 (syst)mesons in deep-inelastic scattering off a longitudinally The sn2� moments are compatible wth zero Im-polarized deuterium target. Te asymmetries appear in all particles.the dstribution of the hadrons in the azimuthal angleabout the virtual photon dection, relative to thelepton scattering plane. The corresponding analyzing I I A.Airapetian et al., Phys.Lett. B562(2003) 82powers in the sno mornent of the cross section ae [I]:

for e 0012 0.002 (stat) 0.002 (syst), The HERMES Collaboration comprises 32 institutions fi-on I Icountries at Deutches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), HanibL11-11

for Tr-: 0006 0.003 (stat) 0.002 (syst),

1.9 Evidence for a Narrow SI =1 Baryon State at a Mass of 1528 MeV in Quasi-realPhotoproductionby W.Augustyrilak, A.Trzclfiski, P.Zuprafisl<i for the HERMES Collaboration

Lo

Evidence for a narrow baryon state has been found -NI=1528 ± 2.6(stat) MeV0in quasi-real photoproduction on a deuterium target �a=8 2(stat) MV b)

11 - Iqthrouah the decay channel pK0, ---> pn'7r- A peak is 0observed in the p, invariant mass spectrum at1528 ± 26 (stat ± 21 (syst) MeV. Depending on thebackground model, the naive statistical sgnificance ofthe peak is 46 standard deviations and its width maybe somewhat larger tan te experimental resolution

of = 43-6.2 MeV (Fl,g. 1).

This state may be nterpreted as te predictedS=+1 exotic O' (uudds-) pentaquark baryon. No snalfor a hypothetical + baryon was observed in the pK'invariant mass distri 'but'on. The absence suc asicnal indicates that an isotensor is excluded and an 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7

isovector is unlikely. M(7t+,rCp) GeV]Fig. Distribution in invariant mass of te iu+7Cp system.

The HERMES Collaboration at DESY, Hamburg, Germany

1.10 L-subshell Ionisation of Au, and Bi by Ions with Energy of 03 - 37 MeV/amuby I.Fijal, M.Jask6la, A.Korman, D.Bana§'), J.Braziewicz'), U.Majewska", M.Pajek", J.Semanlak",

I')) 1-3 4) 5S.Choinack'-, W.Kretschme G.Lapicki , D.Trautmann) ODLO(O

Sulphur ion beams of energies 96- The L-x-rays excited in thin Au and B i targets I 0

41.6 MeV and charce states 4 6 7 were obtained 40 �tg/cm 2on thin carbon backings) were measured byC� t, 0from EN tandem accelerator at the Erlancen-NUrnberg a Si(L0 detector placed at 90' to te bea dection

University and of energies 65, 79, 99, and 120 MeV with energy resolution of about 200 eV. Te

and charae states 13+, and 14+ form the U-200P production L-x-ray cross section was norniallsed to

cyclotron at the Heavy Ion Laboratory (HIL) of the elastically scattered projectiles measured by Si

Warsaw University. The targets were iadiated with detector kept at angles f ' 150' and 20'.

typical beam currents of 110 nA in Erlangen tandern In order to study the L-subshell lorilsation cossaccelerator and about 12 nA currents in te Warsaw sections, the x-ray production coss scetions fr

cyclotron. The beam spot on the targets in both cases Laj,2(L3-M4.5), Lyl(L,-N4), LY2(LI-N,) and LY3(LI-N3)was about 2 mm. The experimental set-up used inthese two experimental places was the same. x-ray transitions were obtained. To resolve tse


peaks the method developed [1] of analysis of xay charge-state equilibration n the target material (atspectra modified by the multiple lonisation efects was 120 McV the eqvilibrium charge state <q>=13.3 foi-used. We we also able, to resolve unambiguously Au target).complex Ly(L-N, 0) transitions (see Fig. 1). The . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . .observed x-ray shifting 120-560 eV) and broadening Sq+ -> Au, Bit, lo,(90-330 eV) the lines, which both contain te

L 11information on the ionisation probabilities [1], could 103 3-Subshebe quite precisely measured and analysed.

103 lo, 04Sq,

73 L'y6 Au 10,L lo,YI 79 MeV

100 L2-Subshell102

4Cl) 10 10,Z 102 Ly4,4'D 10,0 bshell 10'0 02

SCA-UAAu

10, BiECPSSR+EC:

100 ........... �CPSSR -101 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

13 14 15 v1/v2PHOTON ENERGY (keV) Fig. 2 Measured ionisation cross sections for Li, L2 ad

Fig. I The Ly x-ray spectrum for S-ion impact on ALI With subshells of Au, and Bi bombarded by S-ions plotted versus elativeresolved of individual x-ray transitions. X-ray energies of diagram projectile to electron velocity V/V2, compared to the SCA-UA [31,

ECPSSR 4], and ECPSSR EC esults of calculations.and shifted lines (dashed and solid lines, respectively) are shown.

The observed disagreement of the experimentalFrom the production cross sections the LI-, L,-, L C,- 3- and te calculated cross sections, particularly fr the

ionisation cross sections have been calculated UsingL?-subshells clearly suggests a necessity to include the

the atomic parameters modified for the multipleionisation effects [1 2 The obtained lonisati(n L- subshell coupling effects in the theoretical treatmentsubshells coss sections ae compared wth the of the L-subshell lonisation. It was shown in paper 21,theoretical predictions of the semiclassical that if the subshell coupling effects ae ntroduced in

the calculation, the theoretical predictions are in betterapproximation within the united-atom limit

agreement with the experimental data.(SCA-UA 3 and the ECPSSR (Energy-lossCoulomb deflection Perturbation Stationary States

Relativistic-effect) 41 theories or direct ionization I D.Bana§ et a]. J. Phys. B 33 2000) L793and for the electron capture (EC) version. [2] M.Pajek et al. Phys.Rev A 68 2003) 022705

All the three measured L-subshell ionisation cross [3] D.Trautmann and T.Kauer. NIM 42 1989) 449sections versus the elative projectile-electron velocity [4] W.Brand and G.Lapicki. PR A 23 1981) 1717vI/v, ae compared with the SCA-UA 3 theECPSSR and ECPSSR EC calculations on Fg 2 1) Inst.of Phys. wi�tokrzyska Academy, Poland

2) Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw Univ., PolandAs it is seen from F 2 the electron capture 3) Inst. of Phys. Univ. Erlangen-Mrnberg, Germany

process plays a significant role for hh energy of':1 1-1 4) Def. of Phys. East Carolina University, USAsulphur ions and at 120 MeV are about equal to thedirect ionisation mechanism. Ts is due to the 5) Inst. of Phys. University of Basel, Switzerland

formation of K-shell vacancies in sulphur ions by the

1.11 Hydrogen Release from He-ion Bombarded UHMWPE PLO401659by Abd-ul Kader Ossman, A.Turos, L.Nowicki, R.Ratajczak, A.Stonert

Chances of triboloalcal properties and molecular weight polyethylene (UHMPE) is the

C, "I C�improvement of blocompatibility of polymer surfaces material of choice for the load bearing surfaces in theby ion beam induced structural and chemical cup component of total 'oint implants. The selectionmodifications on a molecular level are currently being of UHMWPE is due primarily to a combination ofstudied by our roup. Ultimately, technological properties such as hh abrasion resistance, highprocedures for surface enaincering of polymers fr toughness, low coefficient of friction, good chemicalbiological applications can be developed. Utrahigh resistance and relatively low cost. Irradiation ot '


polymers produces bond dsruption of C=C and C-Hbond produces chain scission and ree adical 0.8 mev

formation, espectively. Chain scission is usually 1.4 KAIV2.0 MeV

detrimental rgarding polyrner properties. Mobility ofH-radicals leads to cross linkin- and hydrogen elease.The cross-linked layers formed by radiation areusually hard and wear resistant. Ion beams due to theirmuch hher electronic Stopping power are more 3effective in modifying polymer surfaces tan 20

conventionally used y-ray Xay or electron beams.Thus, even very low ion doses can induce importantstructural chanaes. 0-

0 5 1. Is 2. 25

Mechanisms of the improvernent tribological Dose 10" Wm)

properties upon ion beam bombardment. especially Fig. I Hydrogen release from UHMWPE LIP011 IAC-iOrl

the ole of surface layer carbonization, have not yet bombardment at different incident ener�,ies.

been elucidated in detail. In this work hydrogenFig. I shows the dose dependence or

release (radiolysis) was studied using RBS with 0. - H-concentration at different He-beam incident2.0 MeV He beam from the Van de Graaff accelerator

ener-les. Solid lines are fits according to MMR. TheyLech. The key issue in application ]on beam analysis C,to polymers is optimization of experimental conditions allow determination of the H-release cross section andin order to avoid snificant material radiolysis. RBS saturation concentration as the function of He-bearn

electronic stopping power. Such data are not oyspectra were analyzed using the model of molecular crucial for optimization of the RBS analysis. They canrecombination (MMR). It requires that two hydrogen

also be extrapolated towards low energiesatoms liberated by ion bombardment have to(10-200 keV), which are principally used fr

recombine in the bulk to form a H, molecule to be modification of UHMWPE. At these energies no RBSable to diffuse out of the material.

measurements are possi


LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Q2 DEPENDENCE OF NUCLEAR TRANSPARENCY FOR In) COHERENT pPRODUCTIONA.Airapetian,..., W.Augustyniak, B.Mariafiski, A.,rrzcifiski, Pluprafiski, et al.Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(2003)052501

ct-PARTICLE PRODUCTION IN THE REACTION 6Li + 2Si AT NEAR-BARRIER ENERGIESA.Pakou, N.Alamanos, A.Gillibert. M.Kokkoris, S.Kossionides, A.Lagoyannis, N.G.Nicolis, C.PapachristodOL11OLI, D.Patiris,D.Pierroutsakou, E.C.Pollacco and K.RusekPhys. Rev. Left. 90(2003)202701

MEASUREMENT OF SINGLE-SPIN AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES IN SEMI-INCLUSIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION OFPIONS AND KAONS ON A LONGITUDINALLY POLARIZED DEUTERON TARGETA.Airapetian, ..., W.Atigustyniak, B.Mariafisid, A.Tucifiski, P1uprafiski, et al.Phys. Lett. B562(2003)182

FRAGMENTATION IN PERIPHERAL HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS: FROM NECK EMISSION TO SPECTATOR DECAYSJ.LUk-asik,..., A.Tucifiski, B.Zwi�glihski, A.S.Botvina, et al.Plivs. Lett. B566(2003)70

QUARK FRAGMENTATION'roel-, 7c", K-, p IN THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENTA.Airapetian,...,W.Augtistvniali, B.Mariafisid, A.Trzcifiski, Pluprafisld, et al.Phvs. Lett.. B577(2003)37

MULTIPLE IONIZATION AND COUPLING EFFECTS IN L-SUBSHELL IONIZATION OF HEAVY ATOMS BY OXYGENIONSM.Pqjek, D.Bana�, Srnamak, ..13razlewicz, U.MaJewska, S.Clioinacki, T.Czyiewski, I.Fijal, N.Jask6la, A.Glornbik,W.Kretschmer, D.Trautmann, G.Lapicki, T.MukoyarnaPhys. Rev. A68(2003)022705

SCATTERING OF POLARIZED'Li FROM 4HeK.Rusek, P.D.Cathers, E.E.Bartosz, N.Keelcy, K.W.Kernper, and F.MardchalPhys. Rev. C67(2003)014608

DYNAM IC POLAR IZATION POTENTIAL FOR 'Fie p DUE TO B REAKUPR.S.Mackintosh, K.RusekPlivs. Rev. C67(2003)034607

DIPOLE POLARIZABILITY OF'He AND ITS EFFECTS ON ELASTIC SCATTERINGK.Rusek, N.Keeley, K.W.Kemper, R.RaabcPhvs. Rev. 67(2003)041604(R)

MULTISTEP PROCESSES IN THE'2C('Li,(I) STRIPPING REACTIONN.Keeley, T.L.Drurnmer, E.E.Bartosz, C.R.131-Une, P.D.Cathers, M.Fauerbach, H.J.Karwowski, K.W.Kemper, B.Kozlowska.E.J.Ludwi-, F.Mar6chal, A.J.Mendez, E.G.Myers, D.Robson, K.Rusek, K.D.VealPhl's. Rev. C67(2003)044604

EFFECT OFEI EXCITATIONS TO THE CONTINUUM:'He and'Li+21"Bi COMPAREDN.Keeley, J.M.Cook, K.W.Kernper, B.T.Roeder. W.D.Weintraub, F.Mar6chal, K.RusekPhvs. Rev. C68(2003)054601

MULTISTEP CHARGE-EXCHANGE REACTIONS AT ENERGIES UP TO 120 MeVP.Dernetriou, A.MarcinkowskiNucl. Plivs. A714(2003)75

ELASTIC SCATTERING OF'He ON'Heand 4n SYSTEMR.Wolski, S.I.SidorchLik, G.M.Ter-Akopian, A.S.Fomichev, A.M.Rodin, S.Auger, V.Lapoux, R.Raabe, Yu.M.Tclluvil'sky andK.RusekNitc-I. Plivs A 722(2003)55

ROLE OF VIRTUAL EXCITATION IN ELASTIC AND NELASTIC SCATTERINGN.Keeley, K.W.Kemper and K.RusekNuct Pow. A722(2003)267

THE "C + "B ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SCATTERING AND ISOTOPIC EFFECTS IN THE 12,11C +"B SCATTERINGS.Yu.Mezhevych, K.Rusek, A.T.RLidclilk, A.Bucizanowski, V.K.Chernievsky, B.Czech, J.Clioitiski, L.Glowacka, S.Kliczewski,E.I.Koshchy, V.M.Kyryanchtik, A.V.Mokhnach, A.A.Rudchik, S.B.Sakuta, R.Siudak, I.Skwirczyhska, A.Szczurek, L.ZeniloNucl. Plivs. A724(2003)29-46

ONE-NUCLEON TRANSFER REACTION 9I3e('1B,1`B)1(B AND OPTICAL POTENTIAL FOR THE "'B+")Be INTERACTIONV.M.Kyryamkik, A.T.Rudchik, A.Buclzanowski., V.K.Chernlevsky, T.Czosnyka, B.Czech, L.Glowacka, S.Kliczewski.E.I.Koshchy, S.Yu.Mczhcvych, A.V.Mokfinach, K.Ruse-, S.B.Sakuta, R.Siudak, I.Skwirczyfiska, A.SZCZLirek, L.ZemloNucl. Plivs. A726(2003)231


ENERGY CALIBRATION FOR THE INDRA MULTIDETECTOR USING RECOIL PROTONS FROM 2C H SCATTERINGA.'rucifiski,..., 132wiV-1ifiski, C.Volant, et al.Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A501(2003)367

CLOSING OF COSTER-KRONING TRANSITIONS IN MULTIPLY IONISED GOLD ATOMSD.Bana§, J.Brazie-wicz, M.Czarnota. I.Fijal, NI.Jask6la, A.Korman, W.Kretschmer, M.Pajek, J.SernaniakMid. histr. and Melh. B205(2003)139

HIGHLY EXCITED STATES OF SULPHUR PROJECTILES INSIDE A CARBON TARGETU.Ma'e,,vska, .Braziewicz, M.Polasik, K.Slabkowska, I.Fijal, NI.Jaskffla, A.Korman, S.Chojnacki, W.KretschmerMid. histr. and Meth. B205(2003)799

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND XRAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF AlN LAYERSA.Kuwalczyk, A.Jagoda, A.MCicklich, W.Matz, M.Powlowska, R.Ratajczak, A.TurosActa Phys. Pol. A 102(2002)221

QUADRUPOLE DEFORMATION OF ''B 3/2-,5.02 MeV) EXCITED STATE FROM ''B + "C SCATTERINGS. Yu.Mezhevych and K.RusekAcict Ph.ys. Pol. B34(2003)2415

X-RAY INVESTIGATION O A Bv SEMICONDUCTORS IMPLANTED WITH HIGH ION DOSESW.Wierzchowski, K.Witeska, W.Graeff, A.Turos, G.Gawlik, R.GrbtzschelA cta Crlystallographica A58(2003)supp. C45

INFLUENCE OF INTENSIVE y AND ELECTRON RADIATION ON TRACKS FORMATION IN THE PM-355 DETECTORSA.Szydiowski, A.Banaszak, I.Fijal, NI.Jask6la, A.Korman, M.Sadowski. Z.ZirnekRadiation Measurements 36(2003)1 1

CUBOCTAHEDRAL OXYGEN CLUSTERS IN U307F.Garrido, R.M.Ibberson, L.Nowicki, B.T.M.Willis.1ournal qfftclecir Materials 322(2003)87

MEASUREMENT OF THE ETA PRODUCTION IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS WITH THE COSY TME OF FLIGHTSPECTROMETERS.Abd Del-Sanied,..., Plupraflski, et al.Eur. Phys. Jurn. A16(2003)127

Q2 DEPENDENCE OF THE GENERALIZED GERASfMOV-DRELL-HEARN SUM RULEFOR THE PROTON AND HENEUTRONA.Airapetian,..., Pluprafiski, et al.Eur. Phys. Journ. C26(2003)527

DOUBLE SPIN ASYMMETRIES IN THE CROSS SECTION OF DIFRACTIVE po AND PRODUCTION ATINTERMEDIATE ENERGIESA.Airapetian, ...,W.Augustyniak, B.Mariafiski, A.Trzcifiski, Pluprafiski, et al.Eur. hys. Journ. C29(2003)171

INFLUENCE OF Ar AND He IMPLANTATION ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERSA.P1qtkowska,.I.Jagielski, A.Turos, 1_.�[Lfsarski, D.BielifiskiOptica Applicalci XXXII(2002)267

ION BEAM MODIFICATION OF SURFACE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERSA.Turos, J.Jaglelski, A.Piqtkowska. D.131clifiski, L.�klsarski, N.K.MadiVacition 70(2003)201

MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF GAMMA-RAY IRRADIATED POLYETHYLENE BLENDSMariam Al-Ali, N.K.Madi, Nara J.Al Thani, M.El-Muraikhi, A.TurosVacuum 70(2003)227

DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN IN GaMnN AND GaMnM-N BY NUCLEAR REACTION ANALYSISA.Turos, R.Rata.iczak, A.Kowaiczyk. S.Podsiadlo, T.Szyszko, G.Warso, W.Gqbicki, I.Strzalkowski, D.Granibole, V.HermannVacuum 70(2003)227

X-RAY STUDIES OF A,Gaj_,As IMPLANTED WITH 1.5 MeV As IONSW.Wierzchowski, K.Witeska, W.Graeff, A.Turos, R.Gr6tzschelVacuum 70(2003)227

SPECTROSCOPY OF 121'Sn HOMOLOGOUS LEVELS VIA THE 2Sb(pct)12,)Sn RACTIONP.Guazzoni, L.Zetta, A.Covello, A.Gargano, Y.Eiserniann, G.Graw, R.Hertenberger, H.-F.Wirth, M.Jask6la, B.Bavnian,W.E.OrmandA IP Cif�rence Proceedinqs 675(2003)686

TENSOR ANALYSING POWERS FOR'Li INDUCED TRANSFER BREAKUP REACTIONSN.J.Davis, R.P.Ward, K.Rusek, N.M.Clarke, G.Tun,,,ate, J.A.R.Griffith, ..., T.Davinson, D.G.Ireland, K.Livingston,E.W.Macdonald, R.D.Page, P.J.Sellin, C.H.Shepherd-Tliemistocleous, A.C.Shotter, P.J.Woods et al.AIP Coil &ence Proceedings 675(2003)725


LUCJAN ZEMLO 1939-2003) (in polish)M.Jask6laPoslqpy Fyki 54(2003)262

STATISTICAL MULTIFRAGMENTATION OF NON-SPHERICAL EXPANDING SOURCES IN CENTRAL HEAVY-IONCOLLISIONSA.Le F�vrc,..., A.Tucihsid, B.Zwi�glihski, A.S.Botvina, et a].Nitcl. Phys. A, in press)

EVIDENCE FOR A NARROW /S/=1 BARYON STATE OF A MASS OF 1528 MeV IN QUASI-REAL PHOTOPRODUCTIONA.Airapetian,..., W.Augustyniak, B.Mariafiski, PIuprafiski, et al.Physs. Left. B in press)

FLAVOR DECOMPOSITION OF THE SEA QUARK HELICITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE NUCLEON FROM SEMl-INCLUSIVE DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERINGA.Airapctian,...,W.Augustyniak, B.Mariafisld, A.Tucifiski. P.7-uprafiski, et al.Plivs, Rev. Lett in press)

DYNAMICS OF FORMATION OF KHOLE FRACTIONS OF SULPHUR PROJECTILES INSIDE A CARBON FOILJ.13raziewicz, U.Ma,iewska, K.Slabkowska, M.Polasik, I.Fijal, M.Jask6la, A.Korman, W.Czarnacki, S.Chojnacki, W.KretschmerPlivs. Rev. A in press)

HIGH REZOLUTION STUDY OF "'Sn(pt) REACTION AND SHELL MODEL STRUCTURE OF ... SnP.Guazzoni, L.Zetta, A.Covello, A.Gar,,,ano, G.Graw, R.Hertenberger, H.F.Wirth, M.Jask6laPhys. Rev. C in press)

MULTISTEP DIRECT PROCESSES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING AT 26 McVA.Marcinkowski, P.DemetriOLIActa Ph.ys. Pol. B in press)

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HALF-METALLIC HEUSLER COMPOUND NIMNSBL.Nowicki, A.M.Abdul-Kader, P.Bach, G.Schmidt, L.W.Molenkamp, A.Turos, G.KarczewskiNucl. Insir. and Meth. B in 1ress)

LATTICE LOCATION OF HELIUM N URANIUM DIOXIDE SINGLE CRYSTALF.Garrido, L.Nowicki, G.Sattonnay, T Sauvage, L.Thorn6Nitcl. nstr. and Meth. B in 1ress)

CHANNELING STUDY OF THE DAMAGE INDUCED CERAMIC OXIDE CRYSTALS IRRADIATED WITH HIGH-ENERGYHEAVYIONSJ.Jwie1ski, A.Gentils, L.Thorne, L.Nowicki, F.Garriclo, S.KlatimunzerNitcl. Instr and Meth. B in press)

VIRTUES AND PITFALLS IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ION IMPLANTED HETEROSTRUCTURES BY THECOMPLEMENTARY USE OF RBS/CHANNELING AND HIGH RESOLUTION XRAY DIFFRACTIONA.Turos, J.Gaca, M.W6_jcik, L.Nowicki, R.Ratajczak, R.Grbtzschel, F.Eichhorn, N.SchellNtfcl. Instr. ced Meth. B in press)

DAMAGE PRODUCTION IN CUBIC ZIRCONIA IRRADIATED WITH SWIFT HEAVY IONSA.Gentils, L.Thorn6, J.Ja-iclski, L.Nowicki, S.Klaurniinnzer, F.GaiTido, M.BeauvyNucl. nstr. and Meth. B (in press)

IN SITU TOPOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF ION IMPLANTED A Bv SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOUNDS DURINGTHERMAL ANNEALINGW.Wierzchowski, K.Witeska, S.Gri-ull, J.Hdrtwig, W.Graeff, G.Gawlik, A.Turos, R.GrbtzschelJournal o'Phiwics- D in press)

THE RECIPROCAL SPACE MAPPING OF IMPLANTED A Bv SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOUNDSK.Witeska, W.Wierzchowski, W.Graeff, G.Kuri, A.Misiuk, A.Turos, G.GawlikJournal o'Alloys and Comptind.v in press)

STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF HIGH-DOSE IMPLANTED AND ANNEALED A ... Bv SEMICONDUCTORCOMPOUNDSW.Wierzchowski, K.Witeska, W.Graeff. A.Kowalczyk, G.Gawlik, A.Mocklich, R.Gr6tzschel, A.TurosPh.ysica Status Solidi a), in press)

AMORPHOUS Ta-Si-N DIFFUSION ON GaAsA.KLICIlLik, E.Karnifiska, A.Piotrowska, K.Golaszewska, E.Dynowska., O.S.Lytvyn, L.Nowicki, R.Rata.iczakThin Solid Films in pess)

BARRIER PROPERTIES OF TA-SI-N FILMS IN AU- AND AG-CONTAINING METALLIZATIONA.KLICIlLik, J.Closek, A.Piotrowska, E.Kaniihska, A.Wawro, O.S.Lytvyn, L.Nowicki, R.RatajczakVacuum in press)


ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS IN TROPOSPHERIC AND LOWER STRATOSPHERIC AIR IN A NORTHEASTERNREGION OF POLANDJ.Braziewicz, L.Kownacka, U.Majewska, A.KormanAtmospheric Environment in press)

MULTISTEP DIRECT EMISSION FROM NUCLEON-INDUCED REACTIONSA.Marcinkowski, P.DemetriouThe European PhYsical.lourna A i press)

REPORTS

ENERGY CALIBRATION FOR THE INDRA MULTIDETECTOR USING RECOIL PROTONS FROM 12C + 'H SCATTERING&.Trzcifiski,... B.Zwi�gfifiski, C.Volant. et al.Report GSI 2003-03 (Janitary 2003)

FRAGMENTATION IN PERIPHERAL HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS: FROM NECK EMISSION TO SPECTATOR DECAYSJ.Lukasik,..., A.Trzcifiski, B.Zwi�gfifiski, A.S.Botvina, et al.Report GS1 2003-04 (January 2003)

STATISTICAL MULTIFRAGMENTATION OF NON-SPHERICAL EXPANDING SOURCES IN CENTRAL HEAVY-IONCOLLISIONSA.Le F�vre_.. A.Truifiski, BJvi�gfifiski, A.S.Botvina, et al.Report GSI 2003-30 October 2003)

PARTICIPATION IN CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS

SOURCE SHAPE DETERMINATION WITH DIRECTIONAL CORRELATION FUNCTIONSA.Le F�vre, ..., A.Trzcifiski, B.Zwi�gfihski, A.S.Botvina, et al.Proceedings otheYLI International 111inter Meeting on Nuclear Physics, Bonnio, Italy Jan.26 - Febr 1 2003, Ricerca Scienf�ficved Educazione Pe)-maneme, Suppl. 120. 2003.1).178, Ed. By .1ori and A.Moroni

]MODALITY IN BINARY Au ALI COLLISIONS FROM 60 to I 0 MeV/uM.Pichon,..., A.Trzcifiski, B.Zwi�gglifiski, et al.Proceedings qfthe XLI International lVinfer Meeting o Nuclear Ph 'ysics, Bonnio, Italy, Jan.26 - Febr.], 2003, Ricerca Scienlificcled Educazione Pernumente, Suppl. 120. 2003,1049 E. Y I.Iori (laid A.Moroni

THE TP-MUSIC UPGRADE AT THE ALADIN SPECTROMETERC.Sfjenti,..., A.Mykulyak, B.bwi�gliftski, et al.Proceedings qfthe XI International lVinter iVeeting on Nuclear Physics, Bortnio, Italy, em.26 - Febr. 1, 2003. Ricerca Sciemi icaed Educcizione Permanente, Suppl. 120, 2003, 1023, Ed. y L Iori and A.Moroni

MULTISTEP DIRECT PROCESSES IN NUCLEON INDUCED REACTIONS AT INCIDENT ENERGIES BELOW 40 MeVA.Mareinkowski, P.Demetriou, B.NlariafiskiProceedings qfihe 10th Int. Confon Nuclear Reaction Mechanisnu, ed. E. Gadioli, Varenna 2003, niversita degli studi d Milano,Itedy, Supp. N. 122,I).321

MULTISTEP REACTIONS AT ENERGIES UP TO 120 MeVP.Demetriou, A.MarcinkowskiProceedings qfthe 10th Im. Conf o Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms, ed. E. Gadioli, Varenna 2003, Universita de,,,,Ii studi di Milano,Italv, Supp. N. 122,I).331

SUMMARY OF IVORKSHOP ON "DErECTANALYSIS BY CHANNELING"A.TurosXVI International Conf6-ence "lon Becun Ana�ysis ", Albuquerque (USA), July 2003

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HALF-METALLIC HEUSLER COMPOUND NIMNSBL.Nowicki, A.M.Abdul-Kader. P.Bach, G.Schmidt. L.W.Molenkamp, A.Turos, G.KarczewskiXVI International Confierence "on Beam Analysis", Albuquerque (USA), July 2003

LATTICE LOCATION OF HELIUM IN URANIUM DIOXIDE SINGLE CRYSTALF.Garrido, L.Nowicki, G.Sattonnay, T Sauvage, L.ThomdXVIInternationalCon -ei7ce"It)iiBeaiiiAiitili!.�i.v",Albitqtiei-(Itte(USA),Jltl�?2003

CHANNELING STUDY OF THE DAMAGE INDUCED CERAMIC OXIDE CRYSTALS IRRADIATED WITH HGH-ENERGYHEAVYIONSJ.Jagielski, A.Gentils, L.Thome, L.Nowieki, F.Garrido, S.KlaumUnzer (LThome)XVI International Conf6-ence "Imi Beam Analysis ", Albuquerque (USA), Jly 2003

VIRTUES AND PITFALLS IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ION IMPLANTED HETEROSTRUCTURES BY THECOMPLEMENTARY USE OF RBS/CHANNELING AND HIGH RESOLUTION XRAY DIFFRACTIONA.Turos, .Gaca, M.W6jcik, L.Nowicki, R.Rata.jczak, R.Gr6tzschel, F.Eichhorn, N.Schell (A.Titros)XVI Intemational Con rence Ion Beanz Ana�vsis ", Albuquerque (USA), uly 2003


DIPOLE POLARIZABILITY OF6HeK.RusekDirect Reactions with Exotic Beams, niverviti o'Surrev. Gui1c4('rd_hdv 912. 2003

INVESTIGATION OFTHESTRUCTURALORDER OFTHIN HIGHLY STRAINED nGaAs/GaAs MQWJ.Gaca. M.W6jcik, A.Turos, W.StrUpifiski. N.Schell, 11.13auer2 P European Crystallographic Meefinq, Durban. South Aftica. August 2003

THE INFLUENCE OF As ION IPLANTATION ON THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF InP SINGLE CRYSTALS ANDEPILAYERSJ.Gaca, M.W6jcik, A.Turos, W.StrUI)ifiski. N.Schc1l, P.Bauer21' European Crlymalloqrophic Meetinq, Durbon. South Aftica. August 2003

CALIBRATION AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMA EXPERIMENTSA.Szvdlowski, A.Banaszak, I.Fijal, M.JaskOhi, A.Kornian, M.Sadowski, J.ClioifiskiInternaiional Conf�rence PLASMA 2003 Research ond Applications of'Plasmas ". Warsaw, Pokind, Sept 912, 2003

CROSS SECTIONS FOR MULTISTE13 DIRECT EMISSION IN NUCLEON-INDUCED REACTIONSA.rvlarcinkowski, P.DernetriouInterational Conftrence on lVitclear Dataftw Science and Technology,,ND2004"

y-RAY STANDARDS FOR DETECTOR EFFICIENCY CALIBRATION AT HIGH ENERGIESB.Mariafiski, A.Marcinkowski1A EA -Vienna, TECDOC-2004 Anex

LECTURES, COURSES AND EXTERNAL SEMINARS

Status of RHO coss sections Studies"'

B.Mariafiski, DESY Hamburg, rebruary 3 2003

Status of MC calculation for RHO production")B.Nlariafisld, DESY Homburg, March 3, 2003

Monte Carlo Studies of te N'(1440) and N'(1520) excited i te eactions alpha+p-alpha'+N' at an icident momentum of7 GeV/c")W.Augustyniak, Institute qfftclear Ph.ysics ORSAY. April 42003

Recent results in PIXE nalysis")NlJaskOla, Instititto Nazimiale di Fisica Ntcleare. Milano, Aa-v 29,2003

Defcct Tansformations in Compound Semiconductors at Low Temperatures')A.Turos, Arizona State University (USA). June 2003

A-dependence of te O`L/cTT ratio of rho" production coss sectionB.Mariafiski, DESY Hamburg, Jul.y 03-2003

lonisation cross sections induced by Si ad ions in eavy elements')MjaskOla, Physikalisches histititt, UniversWit Erlangen Niii-tiberg, Jul), 10, 2003

Testim, LAAPD readOLIt Of PWO ith 26 MeV protons"'B.Zivl�gfifiski_ H. P17.)-sikalisches Ilistitut, Justits Liebieg-Universitiit Giessen, Germany, August 4 2003

A-dependence of the GL/aT ratio of rho" production coss section`�B.Nla riahs1d, Bari, Selnember 2, 2003

Pentaquark;"W.Atigiistyniak, Department #'Atolnic Nucleus. Waryan, niversit-y, 0clober 7, 2003

Analysis ofsemiconductor Structures by means ofXRXRD and RBS/c")A.Turos, , Warsait, Universit.y, October 2003 r.

Baryonic rsonances studies at COSY"'P1uprafiski, Institute offuclear Pffilsics Research Centrum, Juelich. October 24, 2003

Colour transparency in the poduction of vector mesonsP.:6prafiski, Department ofAtomic Nucleus, Warsaw University. November 72003

Warsaw particle accelerators:"M.Jask6la, Polish Accademy qfkience. Cracoii,,. November 29. 2003

A-dependence of te Y/CYT rtio of coherent ad incoherent p poduction cross section"

B.Marhifiski, DESY Hamburg, December 1, 2003


Status of the tracking procedure in te HERMES spectrometerW.Augustyniak, DESY Hamburg. December 5, 2003

INTERNAL SEMINARS

Physics with COMBAS "A.G.Artukh, 1P.1 Warsait-, Awil 1, 2003

Fascinatin- bordersK.Rusek A.Soltai7 Instiizilefior Auclem Sudies. �irierk, October 16.2003

a) in Polishin English

1�

PARTICIPATION SCIENTIFIC COUNSILS AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES OFCONFERENCES

A.Marcinkowski - member of the Intern. Advisory Committee of the Inter. Conf. on Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms, Varenna. taly

A.Marcinkowski - member of te PAC at te HeAvy Ion Laboratory

A.Turos -member Committee of Aphed Solid State Physics of State Atomic Energy Agency

A.Turos - member of the International Committee of the Conference,,ION2004"

A.Turos - mernber of the nternational Committee of the Conference jon Beam Analysis"

A.Turos- member of the International Committee of te School "Nuclear Methods in Materials Research 2004"

B.ZwiVg1ifiski -member of the Coordination Board for the PANDA - detector for the future facility at GS[-Darn1stadt

K.Rusek - member of te Or-anizinQ Committee XXVII I Mazurian Lakes School of Pysics, Krzy2e, Aug. 31 - Sept. 7 2003

Pluprafiski - member of te Scientific Cuncil of the HERMES collaboration at DESY, Hamburg, Germany

PARTICIPATION IN SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATIONS

A.Marcinkowski American Physical Society - fellow

DIDACTIC ACTIVITY

PHYSICS LABORATORY Warsaw AgriCUItUral UniversityK.Rusek

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS Military University of Technology, WarsawA.Korman

MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS Warsaw School of Economy and InformaticsB.rvlariafiski

M.Jask6la - Spervisor of P.D. Studies of Mrs. 1. FiJal (IP.1)V year of Ph.D. courses

K.Rusek -Spervisor of Ph.D. studies of Mr. S. Mezhevych (IPJ)III year of Ph.D. courses

B.ZwiCglifiski -Spervisor of Ph.D. studies of Mr. A.Mykulyak (PJ)III year of Ph.D. courses

B.ZwiVg1ihski -Supervisor of P.D. Studies of Mr. D.Me1nyChUk (IPJ)I year of Ph.D. courses

VII Science FestivalL.Nowicki, A.Korman, R.Ratajczak


PERSONNEL

Research scientistsWitold Augustymak, Dr. Renata Ratajczak, MSc.Andrzej Biefikowski, Dr. 3/5 Krzysztof Rusek, Assoc. prof.Marian Jask6la, Professor Anna Stonert, Dr.Andrzej' Korman, Dr. Andrzej Turos, Professor, 3/4Andrzej' Marcinkowski, Professor Andrzej Trzcihski DrBohdan Marlafiski, Dr. Boguslaw Zwiq-liftski, Assoc. profLech Nowicki, Dr. Pawel Zuprafiski, Professor

PhD studentsIzabela Fijal, MSc.Andryl Mykulyak, MSc.Sergiy Mezhevych, MSc.Dmytro MeInychuk, MSc.

Technical and administrative staffDorota Dobrowolska 3/4 Wladyslaw Mielczarek 1/2Ryszard Kacprzak Wieslaw Pietrzak, 1/5Edward Karnifiski, Eng., 1/5 ZbIgniew SzczepaniakGra2yna K�sik, Eng.

DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY AND TECHNIQUE 35

2 DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY ANDTECHNIQUE

Head of Department: Dr. Jan Sernicki PLO401660phone: (22) 718-05-54e-mail: sernicki � ipj.gov.p]

Overview

Research activities in our Department the last year were focused on traditional domains of nuclear pysics:heavy-ion reactions and nuclear spectroscopy, but also on medium-energy elementary particle physics, nutrinophysics, as well as atomic physics. Along with the group of nuclear and atomic physicists, our Departmentencompasses a team working on medical physics and another team engaged in ecology and environmentalphysics.

We maintain our collaboration with KFA Jfilich continuing experiments on the COSY storage ring, arned atstudyin poperties of an exotic ao eson and heavy hyperons produced in pp collisions.

A rich sample of pion -decays and rare radiative pion - and muon decays, collected with the PIBETAdetector at PSI, has been analyzed in collaboration with PSI Villigen.

In the field of neutrino physics, data collected with the T600 module of the cosmic ray detector ICARUS IIIPavia have been analyzed. In collaboration with the Department of Nuclear Theory, conditions to observe thefascinating process of neutrino-less double electron capture were further examined from the point of view ofthefundamental question of the neutrino nature and its mass.

Nucleus-nucleus collisions have been studied both theoretically and experimentally in collaboration withLBNL Berkeley, Warsaw University, and LNS Catania. A complete theoretical description of the synthesis ofsuper-heavy nuclei was proposed. Our participation in the CHIMERA multi-detector project aimed at studyllicynucleus-nucleus collisions in the Fermi energy domain brought its first physical results. Our theory group isdeveloping tools for a theoretical description of nuclear dynamics at this range 'Intermediate of energies.

Our nuclear spectroscopy studies concentrated on measurements of life-times of hgh spin states in variousnuclei, octupole correlations and other properties of excited states. The experiments were carried out Illcollaboration with Warsaw University and NFL Studsvik.

Studies of ionization of K, L, M and N shells in atoms of medium and large Z, induced in collisions withheavy ions, have been continued in collaboration with the University of Fribourg, PSI Vlligen and Universitiesin Torufi and Kielce.

Our medical physics group has completed a prototype of the set-up for brachytherapy of bain tumors. te.,photon needle", i.e., a needle-shaped X-ray generator with especially designed computer control.

The environment and ology group our Department continued monitoring radioactive nuclides in teground-level air from the nation-wide system of sensitive air collection stations. Filters from our air collectionstation in Hornsund Spitsbergen) are also analyzed. Moreover, preparations for implementation of so the called"Intelligent Air Monitoring System" fulfilling the norms of the European Union have been made.

Usinc, our C30 cyclotron, proton irradiations of 112 Sri to produce "'In for applications in nuclear medicinehave been continued. Proton beams from the C30 cyclotron were used also for testing properties of the avalanchephoto-diodes expected to be used in the PANDA project at GSI Darmstadt.


2.1 Nuclear Deformation Energies PLO401661by J.Blocki, L.Shvedov

Potential energy of a nuclear system as a function "'Hg -F�'Caof its shape deformation parameters relevant in fission 2

and fusion pocesses is a key quantity in describing Xdynamics of these processes. An early approach

1.6-solving this poblem was presented more than twenty11 IA years ago [I J. In this approach the deformation energy

C, 11 1.2

was calculated in a liquid drop model approximation(Coulomb plus surface energy). We propose to extentthese calculations to the more realistic, ones, where .6-

deformation energy is calculated as a sum of the .1Yukawa - plus - exponential folding potential 2] and

1-1 .2

the Coulomb energy is calculated for the realisticdiffuse charae distributions [3]. In addition we have .2 .4 1.2 1A 1.6 1 2 2.2 24 2.6 2 3

included shell corrections in our calculations and also Padjusted our total energy to the experimental mass Fig. I Deformation energy of the reaction 204 Hg+40 Ca.

difference of the compound nucleus and separatedfragments. Another modification we have made 's anextension of our configuration space above the [11 J.Blocki, WJ.�wiqtecki, "Nuclear deformation

"I pperboundary defined in 1]. energies" preprint LBL 1281 1, Berkeley, 1982

We have used this new prescription of calculating [2] H.J.Krappe, J.R.Nix, A.J.Sierk, Unified nuclearC, potential for heavy-ion elastic scattering, fusion,

the potential energy of the system 4 and made a Ifission, and ground-state masses and

systematics of the fission and fusion barriers. From deformations" Phys. Rev. C20(1979)992good areement of the results of our calculations with

[3] K.T.R.Davies, J.R.Nix, "Calculation of moments,the experimental data we have arned some confidenceC, potentials, and enerales for an arbitrarily shapedin our approach to the potential energy calculations. Z,C, diffuse-surface nuclear density distribution" Phys.

In Fg.1 an example of the deformation energy for2 4 1-1 Rev. C14(1976)1977

the reaction 04Hg OCa is presented. The saddleC, [41 L.Shvedov, J.Blocki, J.Wilczyfiski, "Potentialpoint in this case lies at p = 156 and = 164 at energy surface in nucleus-nucleus collisionsenergy equal to 4.31 MeV with respect to theC, . . corrected for exact nuclear masses" Acta Phys.compound nucleus. This important information was Pol. B34(2003)1815completely lost in [1] as this saddle point lied abovethe upper boundary defined in there.

2.2 Energy and Mass Distributions of Fission Fragments PLO401662by J.Blocki, L.Shvedov

9.0 . . . . . . They can be found now in any nuclear physics

8.5 textbook. For nleus 236U, for example, the massd I Iistribudon is double humped wth peaks aroundmasses A-90 and A2-140 and symmetric splittin of

8,0- 236 CU is very much depressed (about 100 times). The

7.5 averaoe kinetic energy distribution is in this casepeaked at about 172 MeV with a half width equal to

7,0 - 25 MeV.

6.5 - We have done calculations trying to look or tesedistributions. First we have calculated fission barriers

"36u6,0 0,25 0,30 0.35 0,40 0,45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0,65 0,70 0,75 Of nucleus for different asymmetries A/(A,+A2)-

A,/(A,+A) Results are presented in Flg. 1, where a smooth

Fig.1 Fission barriers as a function of asymmetry Al/(A]+A�). behaviour of the fission barriers as a function ofasymmetry A/(A,+A,) is observed and the minimurnof the barrier corresponds to a symmetric case. Out fDistribution of the kinetic enerales and masses of

C this behaviour one can deduce the population of thethe fission fra-ments are well known for many years.


saddle points at a gven asymmetry. In our first attempt For the mass distribution Fig 3 a trace of tewe have assumed a Gaussian distribution of the saddle desired peaks at A-93 and A,-143 is observed,point populations peaked at the symmetry with the however still the most probable splitting is aoundwidth corresponding to 30 units in mass. Having such symmetry. We are going to continue thesea population of saddle points we an a dynamical investigations tryina to make more meaningfulprogram with fluctuations (Langevin equations) from assumptions for the initial conditions [1].saddle to scission and look at masses and kineticenerales of ragments. Results of tese calculationsC, 1-1 [11 J.R.Nix, WJ.�wi4tecki, "Studies in the lquid-with a relatively poor statistics so fr show very nice drop theory of nuclear fission", Nuclear Physicsbehaviour of the nergy distribution being in a ood 71(1965)1agreement with the experiment Fig 2.

200 300

180 - 280 -260 -

160 - 240 -

220 -140 �e 200

120 - 180

16010 100 -

140Zt5 80 - 120 11_6

60 - .00I 10080

40 6040

20 20 0 40

0 0 L -L100 120 140 160 180 200 220 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy (MeV) Mass

Fig. 3 Mass distribution of fission fragments.Fig. 2 Energy distribution of fission fragments.

2.3 Deterministic and Langevin-dynamics Simulation of Deep Inelastic Nucleus-

Nucleus Collisions CO(O

by J.131ock], L.Shvedov, J.Wilczy6ski (O0NT

Energy-angle distributions of deep-inelastic 500 0

nucleus-nucleus collisions at moderate enermes of 86 166"D - Kr+ Erabout 10-15 MeV/nucleon reveal correlations between 8.18 MeV/u

the averaae energy loss and the average scattering 400Z, C, >angle, which can be interpreted in terms of the (D

11 classical dissipative deflection function" - known as

Wilczyfiski diagram. An example of this correlation 30086 166 (86

measured [I] for the Kr Er reaction at E Kr)

8.18 MeV/nucleon is shown in F. 1. Basic features

of this correlation can be produced within our 200

macroscopic dynamic model, in which we solve

numerically the classic Lagrancre-Rayleigh equations.1-1 Z, 20* 40" 60" Bo"of motion in the distance-deformation space 2 0 (deg)

assuming one-body dissipation mechanism 3 and Fig. Contour diagram of the double differential cross section2 116using the Yukawa-plus-exponential folding potential d T/dOdE in the "Kr Er reaction, as a function of te scatterin-

[4] corrected for she]] effects and exact nuclear masses angle and the total kinetic energy, compared with te dissipative

[5] Pedictions of this classical model are shown in deflection function calculated within Our one-body dissipationmodel. The contour diagram of the cross-section distribLItiO is

Fig I by black squares ndicating the calculated final taken from Ref. [I].

energy and scattering an-le for a given value of the

aneular momentum. The solid line joins results A more realistic description of the nucleus-nucleus

obtained for I-values in the ranue from 1= 160 to 1=430. dynamics requires inclusion of stochastic effects, fst

This line, representing the classical dissipative of all those associated with thermal fluctuations. In tile

deflection function, perfectly follows the ridge in the proposed approach [61 we solve the Langevin

landscape of the double differential coss section, equations of motion in which stochastic white-noise

d2(7/dOdE, descending from the maximum for razing term is added to the Rayleigh conservative ad

collisions ��350) down to the re-ion ofdeep-inelastic dissipative forces used in our deterministic versio of

events occurring at smaller E-values. the model. The width of the thermal fluctuations is


500 determined by the fluctuation-dissipation theoi(Einstein relation). The contour diagram of the energy-

450

an-le distribution of the events -enerated with theLangevin dynamics for the same 86 Ki + 166 Er reaction 400 -Z,

is shown in Fig 2.350 -

[11 A.GobblW.N6renbero,,Heav),,IonCollisiotis,ed. 300

R.Bock, North Holland, 1980, Vol. 2 p. 127[21 J.131ocki, WJ.�wiqtecki, Report LBL- 1 281 1, 250 -

Berkeley, 1982[3] J.Blocki, ... , M.Robel, A.J.Sierk, WJ.�wi4tecki, 200

et aL, Ann.Phys. 13(1978)330 150

141 H.J.Krappe, J.R.Nix, A.J.Slerk, Phys. Rev. C20 20 40 60 80 IOU

(1979) 992 o (deg)

[5] L.Shvedov, J.131ocki, JWilczy6ski, Acta Phys. Fig. 2 Energy-angle distribution of the events generated with thePol. 34 2003) 1815 Lan-evin dynamics for the 86 Kr+ 166 Er reaction at

[6] J.Blocki, O.Mazonka, J.Wilczyhski, Z.Sosin, E(8(Kr = 8. 1 MeV/nucleonA.Wieloch, Acta Phys. Pol. 31 2000) 151

PLO401664

2.4 Empirical Nucleus-Nucleus Potential Deduced From Fusion Excitation Functionsby K.Slwek-Wilczyfiskal), J.Wilczyfiski

Existing data on near-barrier fusion excitation The mean barrier heights calculated wt tsfunctions for 48 medium and heavy nucleus-nucleus potential are reproduced with an accuracy aboutsystems have been analyzed using a simple diffused- I MeV, while other frequently used potentials, i.e., thebarrier formula" derived assuming the Gaussian shape proximity potential and the Akyiiz-Winther potential,for the barrier heicht distributions. Examples of considerably overpredict the experimental values,selected fusion excitation functions analyzed in this especially for heavy systems (see Fig. 2.way are shown in Fig. 1. The obtained mean values of 10the barrier height have been then used for (a) Empirical fusion potential

determination of the parameters of the empirical 5nucl eus-nucleus potential, assumed to have Saxon-Woods shape. (For details see Ref. I 1.) ---- ----------------- -----------0 ----------

4 %

I 3 -5(b) Akyft-Winther potential

I >5

2 10 0+ Sm 0+ W0 --------- v ---------------------------------------------------------�1_ B, 60.5 MeV 13, 68. MeV

U IV 1.45 MeV iv 129 MeV10 R�, 10.3 fin R,, 10.6 fin

-5(c) Proximity potential

C/) 310 5

2 2U 10

----------------------------------------------------I 6 154 2080+ Sm 0 + Pb

1 B 58 4 MeV BO 73.6 MeV -540 60 80 100 1202.25 MeV IV 1.57 MeV 14010 R,, 9.6 fiii R,, 10.5 fin Z Z /(A 1/3 +A 1/3

L 1 2 1 2Fig. 2 Comparison of experimental barrier heights Bo with

50 60 70 80 90 60 70 80 90 10 I Intheoretical predictions for the AkyUz-Winther potential 4,

Center of Mass Energy MeV) proximity potential [51 and the proposed "empirical potential".Fig. Fusion excitation functions measured for the 0+"4-"Sm[2], 16(+186W [3], and 110+201 Pb 3 reactions fll circles) In order to predict fusion excitation functions withcompared with predictions (solid lines) of the diffused barrierformula" [1] for values of t mean barrier B,, the barrier the "diffused-barrier formula", we propose a simpledistribution width I%,, and the radius parameter R, obtained with the method of theoretical prediction of the secondleast-square method.


parameter of the barrier dstribution, its width w. The [1] K.Siwek-Wilczyfiska, J.Wilczyfiski, Phys. Rev. Cproposed formula accounts for the quanturn effect of (2004), in presssub-barrier tunneling, static quadrupole deformations. [2] J.R.Leigh et al., Phys. Rev. C52 1995)3151and collective surface vbrations of the colliding [3] C.R.Morton et al., Phys. Rev. C60 1999) 044608nuclei. [4] M.Dasgupta et al., Nucl. Phys. A539 1992) 561

With the theoretical knowledge of the mean barrierheight Bo and width iv of the barrier distributions, onecan predi i I 1) Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw

ict cross sections for overcom'n- the barrier,i e., for sticking" or "capture" in reactions very University, Polandheavy systems used to produce super-heavy nuclei.

PLO401665

2.5 Calculations of Cross Sections for the Synthesis of Super-heavy Nuclei in ColdFusion Reactions

21by W.J.�wiqteckil), K.Slwek-Wilczyhska J.Wilczyfiski

We present a theoretical interpretation 1 of the at a single value of energy. The theoretical predictionscross sections to produce super-heavy elements with in Fig I are extended to Z =119, always using Pb

2 76 82S 86atomic numbers Z102-112 in so called "cold fusion", and 9BI targets and Ge, e and Kr as projectiles.i.e., one-neutron-out ractions in bombardments of

108Pb and I 1 48 - I, 54Cr, 58 9 __1targets of 209B wth Ca, 50Ti Fe,62,64 Ni and 70 Zn projectiles 2 3. The formation cross 8 s(Injection) 1. hn

STICK isection is taken to be the poduct of three fctors: the 7 -cross section for the projectile and arget to stick, theprobability for the result'ing composite nucleus to 5

reach the compound nucleus confiGuration bydiffusion, and the probability for the latter to survive E4 -fission and to emit only one neutron: 3 STICK*DIFFUSE

cy(synthesis = stick x P(diffuse) x P(survive). 2

The first and third fctors are teated accordina to 0CI 00 -more o less conventional formulae, whilst the middle 0

CDone is based on the statistical (Brownian-like) 0diffusion of probability over a barrier in the form of an -2 -inverted parabola. The early dynamics of the neck -3 -1growth is replaced by an assumption of a rapid -4 -

injection into a macroscopically calculated asymmetric STICK'DIFFUSMURVIVEfission valley, after which the diffusion process beams.Z, -6 -The hindrance factor associated wit ts diffusion

100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120process is given by the expression: Atomic number Z

P(diffuse) (I - erf �B/T) Fig. IThe calculated cross sections for stickier, (STICK),2 1forming a compound nucleus (STICK*DfFFUSE) and surviving,

where is the barrier corresponding to the height fission (STICK*DlFFUSE*SURVIVE) are plotted for 20 eactionsleadin-, to elements with Z102-119. The circles refer to measuredof the saddle point elative to the injection point in thecross sections 2 3.

asymmetric fission valley, and T is the temperature atthe injection point.

The measured cross sections 2 31 can b [11 W.J.�wiqtecki, K.Siwek-Wilczyfiska,reproduced fairly well by ntroducino, an assumption J.Wilczyhski, Intl. Journ. Mod. Phys. E (2004)�about the separation s between the surfaces of the in pressapproaching nuclei at which injection takes place. [2] S.Hofmann, Rep. Prog. Phys. 61 1998) 639Figure I summarizes the esults f te above- [3] K.Morita, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan, private comi-nLl-

calculations for all twelve (In) reactions used to nication

produce elements with Z = 102-112. The adjustable 1)parameter s was taken to have the value 16 fm. The Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Brkeley

solid circles refer to measured maxima of the National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

excitation functions and the open circles are es 2 )Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw

(perhaps underestimates) based on the masurements University, Warsaw, Poland

40 PLO401666 Annual Report 2003

2.6 1480) Production in 2.83 GeV p+p Collisions at the ANKE Spectrometer ofCOSY-Jiilich

;Coptev 1) and 2)by I.Zychor, VJ_ M.Nekipelovl-

The reaction pp -->Kp Y' was measured at ANKE at pp-4K+pit+E(J385),a beam energy of 283 GeV. At this energy six pp-->K+peA(1405),hyperons can be produced: A(1116), Y1192), pp---)K+peE(J480),1(1385), A(1405), Y1480) and A1520) with excesseneruies from 424 MeV down to 20 MeV or A( 16) PP__>K+peA(1520).

and A1520), espectively. Some of their poperties In Fg I the solid line is the sum of Monte Carloare listed in Table 1. simulations for the four above mentioned eactions.

Table I The relative contribution from each reaction has beenProperties of strange baryons Values with errors are fro [. fitted to obtain the best areement between the

mass FWHM mean life simulated and experimental distributions. In Fig. 2 theMonte Carlo simulated mssinc, mass distributions are

(MeV/C2) (MeV/C2) (s) Z,shown for four strange baryons. The best agreement10-12 1(-211A(l 1 16) 1115.683±0.006 2.501. (2.632±0.020). has been obtained for the Y1480) mass equal

1(1 192) 1192-642±0.024 0.008895 (7.4±0.7). 5 10-211 1470 MeV.1( 3 8 5) 1383.7±1.0 36±5 1.828- lo--'A( 405) 1406±4 50±2 1.316. 10-23 16

Z(1480) 11480 45 1.463. Iff") 421(-21 4A( 520) 11519.5±1.0 15.6tL0 4.219. Y(1480)

12, E(1385)I 11� A(1520)

The Z1480) hyperon is particularly nteresting due lo:- A( 405)to the lack of information about it. In the 2002 Reviewof Particle Physics it is described as a 'bump' withunknown quantum numbers 1]. 6

4The 1480) hyperon is produced at COSYdirectly in pp-4rpE(1480) eactions and the 2

ANKE spectrometer permits the simultaneous

observation of different decay modes: I48O)-xg+Z 1350 1400 1450 1500 1 550missing mass ppK'p) [MeV/c

Y(I48O)-->TcZ+, Y,(1480)->K p. The measurement f Fig. I Missing mass spectra for the reaction pp-K'pm,,. Tedata points are measured at ANKE, the solid line shows ontep interactions using a cluster 'et hydrogen target wasP _j Carlo simulations.

carried out in spring 2002 2].

3-fold KpTc' coincidences were selected by three 12Cdifferent parts of the ANKE detector system (side, :3 12w

forward and ne(yative) to study the 1480) in the first E(1480)10 ... AQ52-0)stage of the analysis. The mssing mass spectrurn for E(1385)the reaction pp-4Kpeg, consists of a flat plateau 8� A(1405)with a peak at approximately 1195 MeV 2]. The peak

6corresponds to the decay Y148O)-4Tc+1-. If onlyevents with M,=(l 195±20) MeV are selected, the rn, 4

p ectrum in te reaction pp->K+p(m.,=e+4j shows2

two peaks with a width of 45 MeV each data points_Jin Fig I ). The background from misidentified

particles is <IO%. 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550

The ist peak corresponds to the contribution of missing mass pp, K' p ) [MeV' ;cFig. 2 The simulated missing mass distributions foi- fur strange

1(1385) and A1405). The second peak can be baryons: 1( 3 8 5) (dot), 'A(1405) (dash), l0 480) (solid),'bed with

ascri - to the production f 1480) A( 520) (dot-dash).contri'budon from A(1520).

Monte Carlo simulations have been performed [1] K.Haglwaraetal.,Phys.Rev.D66(2002)010001[2] V.Koptev et al., Annual Report 2002, wierk,

using the GEANT-3 code, ncluding the phase-space "Hyperon Production at ANKE"event generator GENBOD. To reproduce theexperimental mssing mass distribution observed in the Petersbura Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina,reaction pp->K+pY` at T=2.83 GeV we ave Russia

2simulated four reactions: Foi-schunoszentrum Jillich, GermanyZ,


49PM2.7 The Evidence of Shape Coexistence in PLO401667by R.Kaczarowski, A.A.Wasilewski, H.Mach') and B.Fogelberal)

New experiment devoted to studies of lifetimes of where 1) is experimental

the excited levels in the 149pm nucleus populated in the branching ratio and quantities a and b depend onl on

14'Nd--> 141prn P-decay have been performed using the level spin and energies of deexciting transitions ad

OSIRIS on-line fission-product mass separator at the are defined, respectively, as

R2-0 reactor in Studsvik, Sweden. The radioactive 0.8709E 2y (I --- I - 1)beam of mass A= 149 was produced by thermal- a =

f 235U J _ Ineutron induced fission a target Integrated in

5an ion source. The used experimental setup and E ,(I I - 2)

method of measurement are described in ref ' [ ]. The b = A(I, K) E 5 (I I 1)

triple P(NEI II A) - y(Ge - y(BaF2) - t coincidence The Clebsch-Gordon coefficients ratio AK in

events we collected and analysed off-line. The fst the above formula depend only on values of an-ular

timina information was derived fi-orn te Py Z7momentum I and projection of I

'dences in tming detectors while selection of thecoincl momentum, K, on the nucleus symmetry axis.

desired decay branch and deexcitation path have been

obtained by an additional requirement ol. ' coincidence The values of transitional quadrupole moment Qo,.0

with ating y-transitions recorded in a Ge detector of 323(27) 317(26) and 331(39) eb obtained f r te

with hh Ienergy resolution. Te decay curves and 11/2', 15/2' and 19/2' levels, respectively, a fairly

prompt time distributions were unfolded from the constant indicating no substantial hanue of tis

experimental time distributions using the ISOLTIME moment within the 72'[404] ground state otational

computer program 2 which allows to take into band. The value of quadrupole deformation parameter,

account even the complex deexcitation paths feeding P2=0-173(8), deduced from weighted mean valu of

the level of interest via several levels with different Qo;:=3.23(14) eb for this band, is lower tha te

lifetimes. defonnation Of P2=0-197(15) of the negative parity

rotational band built on the h11/2 configuration,The results of pevious experiment - half-life

values and limits obtained for te excited levels in determined from Q=3.6(3) eb deduced (asSLI111111CT

149 PM as well as deduced tansition pobabilities have K=1/2) fom B(E2) transition probabilities within tis

been already reported 3 4 The new experiment band. The Coriolis effect calculations show that tile

1/2-[5501 proton configuration consists the rnaillimproves statistical quality of the data. Ins gni component of wave function of this hl 12 configuration.

addition, an extensive timing calibration un has been C�

also prformed. It seems to indicate that the odd-proton occupyinoC,

the hgh-j, h 12 configuration di-Ives the 149 PM nucleusThe half-life obtained for the first rotational level Z-1

of the 72'[404] rotational band, that is for the 92' toward larger deformation. This would be te fst

'festat'on of the deformation-driv'na effect in tslevel at 288.2 keV, together with the known mixing mani I I 11 nuclei reaion and evidence of shape coexistence In

ratio for this transition allowed to deduce values of 149 PM.

non-diagonal quadrupole moment Q21=2.31(18) eb as

well as the value of the 0yrornagnetic fctors

difference 11C_1'K-1C,:,R1=O-I8I(12) in this band. Assuming [11 H.Machetal.,NIMA280(1989)49

that these values remain constant within otational [21 R.Kaczarowski, SINS Ann.Rep. 2002, p.42

band and taking the values of banching,, ratios values [3] A.A.Wasilewskietcll.,SINSAnn.Rep.2001,p.43

in the 7/2'[4041g7/2 rotational band kown from the [4] A.A.Wasilewski et al., SINS Ann.Rep. 2002, p.47

high-spin experiment [5] one can deduce value of the [51 M.A.Jones et al, Nucl.Phys. A609 1996) 201

quadrupole moment in this band using formula

I

2 Department of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala

Q( (9K - R Y + Q, 2 University, S611-82 Nykbpino, Sweden

b a

00

182 Q02.8 The Deformation-driving Effect of the High-j Orbital in Ir C.0

2) 0by R.Kaczai-owski, A.A.Wasilewski, I.Ahmad'), D.Blumenthall), M.P.Carpenter'), B.Crowell'), U.Gar,-

2 2S.S.Ghugre ) R.V.F.Janssens'), T.L.Khoo'), T.Lauritsen'), S.Naguleswaran and D.Nissius') 0

_J

CLThorough analysis of the experimental data 1=(27)h and an excitation energy of about 5.8 McV.

allowed for extending of three peviously known Two new strongly-coupled bands, built on sort 11VIII(I

rotational bands in 182 Ir bands 13] up to a spin of isomeric states, 7 at 470 kV and (IO-), 793 kov


identified, as well as one strongly coupled sde-

were I The comparison of quadrupole moments deducedband built on the 554 keV level, and, possibly, a new from experimental B(E2) values (see Ref 4 fordecoupled band built on the 71) kV level. Several several rotational band built on differentadditional excited levels decaying to these bands were two-quasiparticle v configurations shown in thealso observed. In total, more than 90 new aarnma Fig. 2 clearly indicates an existence the strone,transitions have been placed in the level scheme of deformation-driving effect for configuration involving182 Ir. high-j 92-'[924] neutron orbital.

Properties of kinematical and dynamical moments 13 182 I I

of inertia, Routians and alignments in all otational 12 - Ir82 1 1bands in Ir were carefully analyzed in order to

10 understand internal structure and backbending9 K=5 (�l 12(541 )�S (,,912[:2properties of these bands. Values of K 0 3 and for Z 8 K=3 W/215411)o(,7121 '411

K=1band A, and C, respectively, were assumed 7

according to ref 3 Distinctively different behaviour6 -

of al'ignments as a function of rotational frequency in 5

these bands reflectin snificant differences in theirinternal structure can be easily noted in the respective 3

plots. 6 8 I 2 4 6

182 J Fig. 2 Quadrupole moments in several rotational bands bilt oil10 Ir Pasmo B- the different 7r-v confi-urations in 2 Tr. Thin horizontal ies

8 - AV AV represent weighted values for the respective configurations: K -A the lowest, K= - middle and 5 -the highest line. Only the latter

A configuration consists the i13/2 neutron orbital 92'[924].6

4

[1] S.Andre, J.Genevey-Rivier, J.Treherne,2 - A V exp J.Jastrzebski, R.Kaczarowski, J.Lukasiak, Phys.

- (7t1/2[541])0(v7/2[514]) Rev. Lett. 38(1997)327

0 - I I - - - [2] V.P.Janzen, ... , J.C.Waddington, Y.S.Chen,0,1 0,2 0,3 Z:1

hw [MeV) F.Donau, P.B. Semmes, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 61

Fig. I Comparison of experimental alignment triangles) with (1988)2073ali-nment calculated as suin of the respective simle-particle [3] A.J.Kreiner, J.Davidson, M.Davidson,

components fr the rotational band bilt on the rx,, K=3' P.Thieberger, E.K.Warburton, Phys. Rev. C42configuration in 'Tr. (1990)878

A comparison with similar plots for rotational [41 A.A.Wasilewski, R.Kaczarowski et al, SINS Ann.

bands built on single quasi-particle poton and neutron Rep.1999,p.42C,states in "'Ir and "'Os, respectively, allowed in 1)

several cases for identification proton and Physics Department, Argonne NationalLaboratory, Argonne, L60439, USA

neutron configuration involved in the respective 2) C,Z:1 18') Physics Department, University of Notre Dame,

2-quasiparticle configurations in the odd-odd -Irt� Notre Dame, N46556, USAnucleus (see example in Fg. 1).

2.9 Structure of the Intruder Bands in Light Sn Nuclei-Ci 2) 2)by M.Wolifiska chockal, ,J.Kownackil), M.Kisielifiskil), M.Kowalczykl ,W.A.Pl6ciennik,

2 2), Y2) a 4) 1E.Ruchowska, Ch.Droste ), T.Morek J.Srebrn , W.Mqczyfiski'), W.GasO), H.Jdler , R.L'edei

B.Bekman-Joklsz 5)(O

01q_ The 98MO(160, xn) reaction has been used [ 1 2 to An intruder state is a state with an intrinsic0

study the level structure of the semi-mack 1 Sn, 1 1 1 Sn structure significantly different from that of the other

and 112 Sn nuclei and the neighbouring isotopes using states in the same excitation re-ion. In the odd nuclei

the OSIRIS-11 array equipped with 10 HPGe detectors intruder sngle particle states come in most cases from

with anticompton shields and with 48 elements BGO the next higher shell and have parity opposite to the

multiplicity filter. In this work, the properties of neighbouring states. In the even nuclei the intruder112

excited states in 1Sn, 1Sn and Sn have been states are associated with excitation of one or two

studied with a special interest put on nvestigation of particles into the next shell. They thus have 1plh

the intruder bands. (one-particle one-hole) or 2 - 2h configurations with


opposite or the same parities with respect to the The alignment (Flg. ) and Routhian Fig 2 plotsnormal states, respectively. The particle-hole states for "('Sn and 112 Sn look similar in many aspects. Temay induce deformation in an excitation region which band crossing in the intruder band in 1Sn and llis predominantly characterized by te spherical higher of two bands in 2Sn occurs roughly at h -symmetry. The excitation energy of the intruder states 0.37 MeV while the increase in alignment is aboutdecreases with increasing number of' the ance 6.5h in both cases. In this mass realon the first bandnucleons and approaches minimum in te middle of crossing has usually been attributed to the 1111/2

the shell. The shape coexistence in this nuclear reuion neutrons [5, 61.is thus expected to occur pedominantly in protonserni-mauic nuclei with the half-filled neutron shell.Z, 2 -

Gamma-spectroscopy nvestigations of the serni-ma-ic Sn nuclei established shape coexistence in the

114-1even-mass "Sn isotopes [3]. Experimental :;0branching ratios B(E2)i,,tIB(E2)i,,,,,. for ntruder band in1 1Sn 1 4 show that in hh spin region intraband E2

S"transitions are very strong compared to educed AF 11:S11Iinterband transitions of the same multipolarity while in -2 S"low spin region intensities of these transitions arecomparable. This indicates that the low spin states of 0.1 0.2 0.3 &.1NIevi 0.4 0.5 0.6

the intruder band ae mixed perturbed) contrary to the Fig. 2 Experimental Routhians for intruder bands i 1(�Sn, 1 Sn,high spin region with pure spherical configurations. and 112Sn. The crossing frequency in (Sn and 112SI1 is observedTherefore the intruder band is not so well developed at around 037 MeV, while in'"Sn the first vh I /2 ali�,nment isshifted

low excitation enerales as it is at the hiaher spins. A due to the occupation of vh ]/, orbital.

simple level mixing calculations account for the valuesC, [1] HIL Annual Report 2002, p. 15 and p 17of B(E2) ratios of the intraband-to-interband [2] M.Wolifiska-Cichocka et at., Acta Physicatransitions. In the alignment plot this mxing would Polonica, B34(2003)2305manifest itself as an rregularity at low rotational [3] J.Bron et al., Nucl. Phys. A318(1979)335

frequencies. [4] M.Wolifiska-Cichocka et al., Acta Physica

Polonica., B34(2003)230912 - [5] J.L.Wood et al., Phys. Reports. 215(1992) 1 01

S n [6] K.Heyde et al., CERN-EP/98-181, (998), 1

112 ,

Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw University,

4 Poland2) Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw

University, Poland0 The H. Niewodniczallski Institute of Nuclear

Physics, Cracow, Poland0.1 0.2 0.3 h I WV1 0.4 0.5 0.6 4) Institut ffir Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum

Fig. I Alignments for intruder bands in the "Sn, "Sn, and 5 Rilich, Germany112Sn nuclei. A reference configuration with parameters Department of Physics, Silesia University,Jo-- I 5112/MeV and J =25114MeV-3 has been subtracted Katowice, Poland

2.10 Entry Region and Angular Momentum Transfer Studies for Nuclei with0

A-110-130 Produced in Heavy-ion Fusion-evaporation Reactions tl-,2 3), i4), co

by J.Kownackil), M.Wolifiska-Cichockal ), A.A.Pasternak J.Perkowsk M.Kisielifiski", E.Ruchowska,5), t5 5), 2) j6), 6) 0R.Lieder W.Gas ), H.Jdger M.Kowalczyk' , W.Mqczyhsk J.Styczefl ,W.A.Pl6ciennik,

J.Andrzejewski,l), J.Dworskil), A.Stolarzl), Ch.Droste 2) , T.Morek 2) and J.Srebrny2) 0

The OSIRIS array consisting of 10 Compton energies and y-ray multiplicities have been measured

suppressed HPGe detectors and equipped with an with the BGO ball in coincidence with discrete y-rays

inner BGO ball for sum-energy and multiplicity from the residual nuclei, registered in the HPGe

measurements has been employed to study the entry detectors. To calibrate the BGO ball the esponsereuion for nuclei with A- I 0- 30. The 160+98MO, function measurements have been performed usingO C]6o+ 107, '09Ac, and 14 N+1 18, 120� 1 22 Sn fusion-evaporation sources emittine, cascade of two y-rays of

reactions have been used in measurements. Sum- approximately equal energies and intensities.


The obtained y-ray sum-energy and multiplicity reactions. The analysis of the y-ray sum-energy anddata were used to deduce te entry line (dependence of multiplicity data is in progress.averace excitation energy < El- > on multiplicity M or

spin I) for different exit channels. For the entry line 1) Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw Univ., Polandconstruction up to -I 0 windows have been set on the 2) Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsawsum-energy spectrurn in order to achieve reasonableZ, University, Polandprecision of the excitation energy dfinition. Foi- each 3C, ) A.F.Joffe Physical Technical Institute RAS,window the average vlue of multiplicity <M> has St. Petersbura, Russiabeen determined from te corresponding multiplici. . I I tY ') Department of Physics, Univ. of L6d2, Polanddistribution wile the avera(ye excitation eneray 5)C� Institut fUr Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum<E*> has been calculated with the formula J611ch, Germany

<E*>=<E>*<M>, were <E> corresponds to the 6) The H. Niewodniczahski Institute of Nuclearcenter of each window set on the sum-energy Physics, Cracow, PolandSpectrum A change of slope bending) of. ' theexperimental entry line is observed for all studied

2.11 Computerized Set for Rradiotherapy with Photon Needle X-ray Tubeby M.Slapa, W.Stra�, M.Snopek, M.Talejko, M.Traczyk

(OR&D poject entitled "Set or brachytherapy of Main objectives of the software was to:0

0 brain turnors by means of Photon Needle X-ray tube" facilitate a elatively straightforward radiotherapyconcluded in 2003 with development of' ndividual treatment procedureelements of the set. Next problem was to Integrate the

help to build up the user confidence in the deviceelements into an instrument.prevent malfunctioning even when operated bytechnically not highly-advanced operators.

PHOTON NEEDLE

BEAMMONITOR

NEEDLETESTER

Fig. I Photo of te set. OTHER XYCHANNELS DOSEMETER

A PC computer was chosen as the set controller.The following functions and al-orithms have beenimplemented in the software: TROLLER COMPUTER

0 system configuration and preset of operationalFig. 2 Functional dia.-rarn of the set.parameters

0 periodical self-test of cucial electronic ircuits Computer codes control every hardware element '

• device calibration the set (the photon needle, the beam monitor, the

• on-line monitoring and display of basic operational photon needle tester, the XY dosemeter) via separatechannels of a suitable multi-channel controller. The set

parameters may be easily expanded with other elements (eg. withsettinc, an alarm when preset parameter goes out of radiation detector

C, anrange ndt, This work has been presented at 2 Int.

• leadinc, the user throuah the adiotherapy treatment Symposium "Medical Physics", 13-15 NovemberZ, "I I I Ii.e. forcing the user into some prescribed sequence 2003. Ustroh, Poland (poster Setfor brachytherapy of'of steps and preventing sorne steps to be performed brain tumoi-s by Photon Needle X-rcty tube byout-of-sequence M.Slapa, W.Stra�, M.Traczyk, M.Snopek, M.Talejko,

data archiving M.Moszyfiski, M.Harat, P.Sokal and A.Wl�niewski)

DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY AND TECHNIQUE 45PL0401672

2.12 Spatial and Seasonal 7Be Distribution in Ground Level Air in Polandby B.Mysłek-Laurikainen, M.Matul. K.Garanty, J.Wojtkowska, Z.Moroz0, W.E.Maciążek2',I.Zwolska2).M.Bysiek31, M.Biernacka1'

The cosmic origin 7Be is the most abundantradionuclidc in the ground level air. It is formedthrough nuclear reactions of cosmic origin primaryprotons and secondary neutrons with oxygen, nitrogenand carbon in atmospheric air:

12,

About 67% of 7Be is born in stratospheric and therest in troposphere air. The 7Be vertical distribution inatmosphere depends on vertical transport betweenstratosphere and troposphere as well as on the upperand ground level layers of troposphere. It is related totemperature gradient, isolation and atmosphericfallout. The seasonal distribution of Be in Polandshows the winter minimum and summer growth. Thespatial distribution is not uniform but changes fromyear to year and varies with season of the year. Themaps of 7Be for summer and winter 2000 and 2001 areshown Fig. 1. These distributions were calculated foraverage data from 10 high sensitive monitoringASS-500 stations, which from the radioactivemonitoring network.

u2)

3)

Technical University of Białystok, PolandInstitute of Meteorology and Water ManagementCentral Laboratory of Radiological Protection

Be-7 okres letni 2000

/ Gdynia54.001 _.-

• Szczecirr'sita

52.00'

Gs suk

-_,, Cwock - Świder

5100

50 03

« 4200

34U0IV 320(1

t^ 3000

>. 2800

2500

Katowice\ \

16.00 17X0 (8.00 ^22,00 j 23.00

e-7 okres zimowy 2000/2001

i&OO

52 GO1

5'K

50.00

Warszawa '

Otwock - ąwider

. • / / /K r a k ó w / • '-••''

16.00 iioo 18.00

Lublin

Fig. 1 The maps of 7 Be for summer 2000 and winter 2000/2001.

2.13 Intelligent Monitoring System as Air Quality Management and/or Control Toolby Z.Moroz0, M.Sowiński, J.Wojtkowska, B.Mysłek-Laurikainen, M.Kowalski, K.Szymańska21,T.Kołakowski2)

The results of SO2, NO, NO2, and dustconcentration measurements in Gdańsk region wereanalysed using neural network method. The network ofnine automatic air-monitoring stations of ARMAAG(placed in many points of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot, andTczew) collected the data during the 1999-2002period. Some meteorological parameters like T, P, H,Wdir, and Wv (temperature, pressure, humidity, winddirection, wind velocity) were taken into account. Theanalysis was performed in order to evaluate the

possibility of application of this innovative approachto:

• identification of pollution sources - point-like,linear, or areal,

• prediction of short- and long-term changes of airpollution,

• modelling of lime-space distributions of airpollution,

i co

:O

3D-


• determination of the risk of pollutant helpful in air pollution control and management issuesconcentrations exceeding alarrn- or threshold on local, reulonal or entire-country scale. These resultsvalues, and methods of data processing may be a valuable

'bution of Poland (as a member of te European• analysis of optimal treatment of technological contriUnion) to the GMES (Global Monitoring forecological, and economical aspects of' alt- CC, Environment and Security), which has been created

pollution. lately.

Analysis of data obtained in 2002-2003 in real Figures I and 2 show examples of short-termtime, show that neural networks, particularly wth use (daily) nural prediction.of genetic algorithms and wavelet methods, can be

1,9/m I GDA/average over stations 19 GDA/average over stations 1980 1999 WU.gfil. SO�/2000 t,.).I.g M.60 O' 440 0.3

20 0,20 O'l -

80 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

60 2000 t,.I.I.g M 0,37 NO/2000 W.U. M A i40 0.2

20 0.1 141,0 0,0-

80 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 0.4 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 36060 2001 Wstl.g fit. 0,3' NO 2000 tWing 111.40 0,2-

2C)

80 _.0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 160 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 �60

60 - 2002 t..thg M 0.6- . S02/2002 W.Ung fil. -140 0,4-20 VI ";Zz 0,2-

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

day# day#

Fig. 2 Neural prediction of NO, NO2, S02 concentrationsFig. Neural pediction Of S02(atni) concentrations in 1999 averaued over 9 measurim, stations, taken from days I - 6 =>2002. atm = dt concentration, P, WSP, WDIR, T, M). Data: 7 jy,�-6, Yn-.5, Y.,-4, Y,,-3, ,,-2, Y"- I => y. Data: averaged over 6 daysaveraged over 9 stations measurement points, - concentration (a measurement points, - concentration values determined usingvalues determined using the neural network odel for S02 in the neural network model for different pollutants; neural network1999/2001/2002); data of the year 2000 used for neural network trained for S02 concentration in the year 2000). One neural networktrainim, model may be applicable for different pollutants.

The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies 2) Foundation ARMAAG - Agency of Regionaland Bialystok Technical University, Poland Monitorinor of Gdafisk Microre-ion, Poland

2.14 Preliminary Results of Radioactive Air Pollution Studies at Polish Polar Station inHornsund, Spitsbergenby B.Myslek-Laurikainen, M.Matul, S.MikolaJewski, H.Trzaskowska, Z.Preibisz, I.Czerska'

0 M.Kubicki2), P.Rakowski3), T.Krynicki'), M.Stefafiski')

0In July 2002 the hh volume air sampler AZA-

1000 was installed at Polish Polar Observatory of �3Polish Academy of Science at Hornsund �Z(Spitsbergen).

The device was built with numerous specificfeatures, which make possible to operate such stationin extra difficult climatic conditions of polar region.The radioactive aerosols were collected at tePetrianov fillter tissue similar to that at ASS-500sampling stations of radioactive air monitoring V�0

network in Poland.

The studies of radioactive pollution in polar re-ionare nteresting because the radioactivity is animportant factor responsible for lonising phenomena inair. The radioactivity measured in aerosols collected inthe filter is not proportional to the amount of dust instudied reulons and the behaviour of 7 Be air born Fig. I General view of environmental studies chamber where

11 AZA I 000 is placedradioactivity is different as well.


The summer maximurn of 7 Be concentrationregularly recorded in Poland, Germany and othercountries of medium eographical latitude appearswhen in the polar region concentration is minimumcontradictory to usually accepted expectations. Theother nteresting feature o radioactive pollution in

40 A E&Apolar region is negligible concentration of Kindependently of on meteorological parameters. TheZ__concentrat on OPb, which s the decay product ofground origin Rn is strongly correlated with winddirection .m. coming fom inland.

The correlation between pollution concentrationand meteorological ftors like wind, dection and Fig. 3 The comparison of dustiness at Hornsund and Swider iear

11 Otwock measured usin- the same methods and filterin- material.velocity, temperatures and insulation are beiric,

-O --- ---- ------ --- ------- ------- -- ------- ---- ------ --- -------studied.

Msund 200212003 years.

MO,%

-E 2-'a- fl �7 7�!74....... ....... ..

A AAAA" AA A

Fig. 4 The air born 7Be concentration at Hornsund and �Nvlder0 A

near Warsaw.W. --,k�

137Cs A 40K 21OPb 0 7Be Hornsund I Faculty of Physics Warsaw University, Poland

2 40 137 2) Institute of Geophysics, Pol. Aad. Sci,, Warsaw,Fig. 2 Concentration of 'Be, l')Pb , K, Cs radionuclides at Poland

ground level air at Hornsund fro Jly 2002 to 2003. 3) Polish Polar Station, Horns

2.15 Spectrometric Properties of Conventional Avalanche Counters at Moderate

Specific IonizationLOby J.Sernicki j,

'Lo

The analysis of the energy distribution of detected investigated. It may also affect the variance relation of 0

radiation is a starting-point for estimation of the the as gain distribution when the fluctuatio of

spectrometric properties of a given detector. Both the secondary ionization in stron(T electric field is CL

energy resolution and as ain characteristics can be analysed 3.

then determined for the avalanche counters [1 2 The analysis of complex spectral dstributions

Besides, the linearity of the used test setup can be then including cc-particles emitted b 24 'Am was the ail of

determined. this investigation. The analysis was related to te

However, alone, with the fluctuations of theC� . . variation of plateau of energy resolution of parallel-

primary and secondary ionization values 3 some plate avalanche counter (PPAC) with an electrode

additional factors, e.u., the fine energy structure of the1-1 spacinc, of 03 cm 4 under conditions of defineddetected radiation can bar a crucial effect on the Z,resolution of a conventional counter. Therefore, it is specific ionization in n-heptane 2].

The normalized energy dstributions in the spectralnecessary to answer the question whether this factor

lines were determined with the following assumptions:involved is also in the avalanche counters at moderate Z11

specific ionization. - a normalized energy distribution fj(E;Ej,(3),

Limited resolution of avalanche counters causes recorded of a single 1-th spectral line of an energy Ej

a has Gauss distribution with mean energy E and meansome spectral lines to be recorded as a single spectral standard deviation ;line. The broadened distribution introduces some error

which might influence, for instance, the value of - the detector efficiency and resolution values areZPFano's coefficient to be determined in situations where identical for every spectrum line.

the fluctuation of the primary ionization is


The density function of broadened spectrum linear functions. The corrected values of averaLeddistribution for these assumptions can be pesented in energy esolution within the plateau width differ foma eneral form: the experimental data not more than 0.8% fig 2; te

F(E;E(,,cy' = YAiXFj(E;Ei,(Y) / ZAi differences-reached a value 03% or d=0.2 cm [5].Thus, we can generally conclude that the fine encrgy

where E is the mean energy, and Ai is the intensity 11C, structure of the detected particle spectrum is not aof -th spectrum line. decisive factor with respect to the spectrometric

It could be seen that the normalized energy properties of avalanche counters, at moderate specificdistributions of the spectral lines under nvestigation ionization.are described by functions whose te E values ofenergy are practically equal to the espective peak

0 d=0.3 cmcoordinate values E,,,. The aximum value of the

-0 d=0.3 cm correcteddifference (E,,-Em) is 0.01%, while the value for an z so ... ........ ..

0electrode spacing of 02 cm was 0. I% too [5].

380005 Tor r lwaool 0 so8 Torr Ui

10 TorrQ 30000 0- 1 2 Torr ------

0 15 Torr 401 8 Torr

211000 20 Torr W25 Torr ZW

2211 30 Torr-FWHM=2.35c, 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18000 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

P [ Torr14000 Fig. 2 Mean value of te PPAC energgy resolution in plateau range1:000 vs. n-heptane vapour pressure.

0001 201 401 601 801 1001 1201 1401 1601

axIO [eV] [1] J.SernickiNucl.Instr.andMeth.212(1983)195Fig. I Dependence between the half-width of a complex spectralline (FWHMC) and the standard deviation of a sin-le spectral Ii [2] J.Sernicki, Annual Report 2000 SINS, p.49The FWHM line corresponds to the Gauss distribution. [31 J.Sernicki, Annual Report 2001 SINS, p.49

[4] J.SerDicki, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A234(1985)527The curves presented in fig. I provide means for [5] J.Sernicki, Annual Report 2002 SINS, p.52

correcting the spectrum due to the complex structureof the dtected radiation. The pesented curves ae



POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACE IN NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS CORRECTED FOR EXACT NUCLEAR MASSESL.ShvedoN,, J.l3locki,.J.Wilczy(iskiActet Ph.i1sica Polonica B34(2003)1815

BARRIER DISTRIBUTIONS AND SYSTEMATICS OF FUSION- AND CAPTURE CROSS SECTIONSK.Siwek-W1lczvfiska, I.SkNNIra, JAN1i1cz),hski,Acta Physica Polonica B34(2003)1867

FUSION BY DFFUSION

WJ.�wiqtecki, K.Siwek-Wiiczyfiska, J.Wilczyfiski,Acta Phvsica Polonica B34(2003)2049

NEUTRINO-LESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY - EXPERIMENTUM CRUCIS OF NEUTRINO PHYSICS

Z.SujkowskiActa Physica Polonica B34(2003)2207

IN-BEAM SPECTROSCOPY OF NUCLEI PRODUCED IN THE 98MO(160, xn) REACTION

M.Wolifiska-Cichocka, ..., E.Ruchomska et al.

Acta Ph.yfica Polonica B34(2003)2305

VARIETY OF BAND STRUCTURES IN LIGHT Sn, In AND Cd NUCLEIM.Woiii�ska-Cichocka, J.Kownacki and E.RuchomskaActu Physica Polonicci B34(2003)2309

BEHAVIOUR OF B(E2) FOR THE li II/, BAND TRANSITIONS IN "'LaE.Grodner,..., A.Wasifewski, W.A.1116cicnnik, E.Ruchowska et al.Acia Physica Polonica B34(2003)1'447

M-SUBSHELL IONIZATION IN NEAR CENTRAL COLLISIONS OF 20 MeV/amu CARBON IONS WITH MOLYBDENIUM

ATOMSJ.Rzadkiewicz, D.Chmiciewska, A.G6jska, Z.Su.ikowski et al.Nucl. histr. Meth. B205(2003)128

OBSERVATION OF L-X-RAY SATELLITES AND HYPERSATELLITES N COLLISIONS OF AND Ne IONS WITH Moand Pd

M.Czamota, M.Pajek, ..., D.Chmic1ewska,.J.RzadkieNvicz, Z.Sujkowski et al.Nucl. Instr. Meth. B205(2003)133

OBSERVATION OF LONG IONIZING TRACKS WITH THE ICARUS T600 FIRST HALF-MODULEF.Ameodo,.... T.Koz1owski et al.Nucl. Instr Meth., A508(2003)287

GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY WITH AHe BEAMZs.Podolydk,..., W.P16ciennik, E.Ruchowska et al.Nucl. histr. Meth. A5]1(2003)354

DETECTION OF CHERENKOV LIGHT EMISSION IN LIQUID ARGONM.Antonello,..., T.Kozlowski et al.Nucl. Instr. Meth. A5]6(2004)348

HIGH ENERGY ATOMIC PHYSICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL RELEVANCE

Z.SujkowskiNucl. Phvs. 11719(2003)266c

HIGH-RESOLUTION STUDY OF THE K XRAY SPECTRA OF MID-Z ATOMS BOMBARDED WITH 20 McV/aiml'�CIONSJ.Rzadkiewicz, D.Chmielevvska, Z.Sujkowski et al.Ph),s. Rev. A68(2003)032713

SEARCH FOR QUENCHING OF THE ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT D IN "'CeA.Syntfeld,..., NN1.A.P16cicnnik, E.RuchowskaPh)-s. Rev. C68(2003)0243304

ai)'(980)-RESONANCE PRODUCTION N pp ---> dK'K') REACTIONS CLOSE TO THRESHOLD

V.Kleber, ..., .ZychorPh-vs. Rev. Lett. 9(2003)172304

THE STUDY OF Th M-X-RAY SATELLITES AND HYPERSATELLITES INDUCED BY ENERGETIC AND Nc IONSM.Czarnota, M.Pajek. ..., D.Chmielewska, J.Rzadkiewicz, Z.Stijkowski et al.Radiation Phvsics and Chemistr.y 68(2003)121


ULTRA-THIN NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND DETECTORSM.Slapa, J.Szmidt, A.Werbowy, W.Czarnacki, M.TraczykDiamond ad Related Materials in press)

FIRST STRUCTURE INFORMATION ON THE EXOTIC 149 La FROM THE -DECAY OF 14913a

A.Syntfeld, H.Mach, NNI.A.Plftiennik, W.KUrcewicz ad B.Fogelberg

European'Journal f'Physics in press)

CALCULATIONS OF CROSS SECTIONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SUPER-HEAVY NUCLEI IN COLD FUSIONREACTIONSWJ.�wiqtecki, K.SiNvek-Wilczyfiska, JANlilczyfiski

Infl. Journal Mod. Phys. E in press)

ANALYSIS OF THE LIQUID ARGON PURITY IN THE ICARUS T600 TPC

S.Amuroso,..., T.Kozlowsld et al.

Nitcl. Instr. Meth i press)

STUDY OF ELECTRON RECOMBINATION IN LIQUID ARGON WITH THE ICARUS TPC

S.Amuroso,..., T.Kozlowski et al.

Nucl. Instr. Meth i press)

ISOSCALING IN CENTRAL 121 Sn + "Ni AND 112SI, + 5Ni COLLISIONS

E.Geraci,.... J.Wilczvhski et al.

Nitcl. Phys A in press)

FRAGMENTATION STUDIES WITH THE "CHJMERA" DETECTOR AT LNS IN CATANIA: RECENT PROGRESS

A.Pagano...., J.Wilczyfiski et al.

Nucl. Ph.)7s A (in press)

EMPIRICAL NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS POTENTIAL DEDUCED FROM FUSION EXCITATION FUNCTIONS

K.Siwek-Wilczy6ska, JI.Wilezyfiski,

Phvs. Rev. C in press)

MEASUREMENT OF THE M UON DECAY SPECTRUM WITH THE ICARUS T600 LIQUID ARGON TPC

S.AML11-0S0,..., T.Kozlowsld et al.

hep-ex10311040, EPJ in press)

DESIGN. COMMISSIONING AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PBETA DETECTOR AT PSI

E.Frlez,..., T.Koziowski et al.

hep-exI0312017 i press)

PRECISE MEASUREMENT OF THE u'->7&'v BRANCHING RATIO

D.Pocanic,..., T.Kozlowski et al.


PRECISE MEASUREMENT OF THE PION AXIAL FORM FACTOR IN THE n-->e'Vy DECAY

E.Frlez, ..., T.Kozlowski et al.


NEUTRINO-LESS DOUBLE ELECTRON CAPTURE - A TOOL TO SEARCH FOR MAJORANA NEUTRINOS

Z.Sujko,,Nski and S.Wycech

hep-phI0312040 i press)

ON THE ATOMIC RESONANCES IN THE v2EC TRANSITIONS

S.Wvcech, Z.SujkoN-,,ski

Acta Phys. Pol i press)


RADIOACTIVE DOUBLE ELECTRON CAPTURE - A TOOL TO DETERMINE THE NEUTRINO MASS

Z.Sujkowski (invited talk)

XXXVIII Rencontres de Moriond. Mriond lVorkshop o Radioactire Beamsfin- Nuclear Physics ad Neutrino Physics, France.

23-30 March, 2003

NEUTRINO-LESS DOUBLE ELECTRON CAPTURE

Z.Sujkowski (invited talk)

The Ist Yamada S�?mposiwn o Neutrinos and Dark Matter i Nuclear Physics, Nara, Japan 813 June, 2003

RADIATIVE ELECTRON CAPTURE - A TOOL TO DETECT He" IN SPACE

D.Chn-delewska invited talk)

The Ist Yamada Symposium onNeutrinos ad Dark Matter i Nuclear Physics, Nara, Japan 813 June, 2003

DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY AND TECHNIQUE 5 1

NEUTRINO-LESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY- THE KEY EXPERIMENT OF CONTEMPORARY NEUTRINO PHYSICSZ.Sujkowski invited talk)Advanced Studies Institute Symmetries and Spin, Prague, Czech Republic, 29 Jitly-4 September, 2003

FRAGMENTATION STUDIES WITH THE CHIMERA DETECTOR AT LNS N CATANIA: RECENT PROGRESSA.Pm�ano_., J.Wilczyfiski et al. (invited tal,)8"' International Conf�rence on Nucletts-Nucleus Collisions, Moscow, Russia, 17-21 June, 2003

ELECTRON LINAC APPLICATION FOR DETECTING NUCLEAR MATERIALT.Kozlowski invited talk)IAEA Workshoj�. Veniza, Austria, 18 November 2003

RARE PION DECAYST.Kozlowski invited talk)9"'ANKE TVorkshop Strangeness Production n Nucleons and Auclei, Krzy±e, Poland, 810 Selitember 2003

CALCULATIONS OF CROSS SECTIONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SUPER-HEAVY NUCLEI IN COLD FUSIONREACTIONSWJ.�Nviatecki, K.Siwek-Wilczyfiska, JAN'ilczyfiski (invited talk)10"' Nuclear Physics Workshop Marie ad Pierre Curie ", Kazinfierz DoIny, Poland, Selneinber 2003

CENTRAL "2Sn+"Ni, 121 Sn+"Ni COLLISIONS IN THE "REVERSE" EXPERIMENTE.Geraci, ..., JAN'ilczyfiski et al. oral)8"' International Confierence o Nucleus-Nucleits Collisions, Moscow, Russia, 17-21 June, 2003

STRANGE BARYON PRODUCTION AT ANKEI.Zychor (oral)Hadron Physics at COSY, Bad Honef" Germany 710 uly 2003

THE STUDY OF ISOSPIN EFFECTS IN REACTIONS 121 Sn + "Ni AND 112 Sn + 5Ni AT 35 MeV/AJ.Blicharska,..., J.Wilezyfiski et al. (oral)XVIII'Mazurian Likes Conference (in Ph.ysics,.Atomic ntcletis as a labortitory,.foi-.fittidtiineiitall)�-ocesses", rzy:e, Poland.31 A g. -7 Sept. 2003

HEAVY HYPEROUS: ANKE DATAI.Zychor (oral)9" ANKE [Vorkshop Sangeness Production on Nucleons and Nuclei, Krzzy±e, Poland 810 Selneniber 2003

INTELLIGENT MONITORING SYSTEM AS AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND/OR CONTROL TOOLZ.Moroz, M.Sowifiski, J.Wojtkowska, B.Mysfek-Laurikainen, M.Kowalski, K.Szymafiska, T.Kolakowski (oral)Con : ARMAAG Air Monitorinq Netvvork - A Local Authorities hiffiative o Environmental Management i the Region Facing theEU Accession, Gdahsk, Poland, 29-30 Mav 2003

THE ANALYSIS OF AIR POLLUTION N THE GDA�4SK REGIONJ.Wojtkowska, M.Kowalski, Z.Moroz, B.Myslek-Laurikainen, N.Sowifiski, K.Szyrnafiska (poster)4"' International Confierence n Urban Air Quality, Prague, Czech Relniblic, 25-27 March 2003

NEURAL NETWORKS AND WAVELET ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC 7Be RADIOACTIVITY CHANGES AND ITSRELATION TO GROUND LEVEL AIR CONDUCTIVITYZ.Moroz, C.Kownacki, B.NIN'slek-Laurikainen, M.Matul, S.Nlikolajewski, H.Trzaskowska, M.Kubicki, Z.Preibisz poster)12"' International Con.ference o A tmospheric Electricity, Versailles Fance 913 June 2003

LONG TERM VARIATIONS OF SOME ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY, AEROSOL, AND EXTRATERRESTRIALPARAMETERS AT WIDER OBSERVATORY, POLANDM.Kubicki, S.Michnowski, M.Myslek-Laurikainen, S.Warzecha (poster)12"' International Con rence oil Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France 913 June 2003

ULTRA-THIN NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND DETECTORSM.Slapa, J.Szinidt, A.Werbowy, W.Czarnacki, M.Traczyk (poster)14 1h Eurolman Cnf�rence o Diamond, Dianimid-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides ind Silicon Carbide, SalzburAustria 712 September 2003

SET FOR BRACHYTHERAPY OF BRAIN TUMORS BY PHOTON NEEDLE XRAY TUBEM.Slapa, NV.Stra�, M.Traczyk, M.Snopek, M.Talejko, iV1.N,1oszyfiski, M.Harat, P.Sokal, A.Wi§niewski (poster)II International Symposium onMedical Physics, Usiro,�, Poland, 13-15 November 2003

COMPUTERIZED SET FOR RADIOTHERAPY WITH PHOTON NEEDLE XRAY TUBENI.Slapa, W.Strag, M.Traczyk, M.Snopek, rVl.Ta1ejko, N.Moszyfiski, M.Harat, P.Sokal, A.Wi§nlewski (poster)11 hiternational Symposium on Medical Physics. Ustrofi, Poland 13-15 November 2003


NUCLEAR STRUCTURE OF EXOTIC NEUTRON-RICH 149Cc and 147La

A.Svntfeld, H.Mach, I.Micrnicka, R.Kaczaro,�vski, W.Kurcewicz. NNI.A.Pl6ciennik, W.Urban, B.Fogelber- and P.Hoff oral)Int. Conf o Exotic Nclei and Atomic Masses ENAM2001. Hdineenlinna, Finland 27 Jd), 2001, Proceedings, Si-ingei--Ver1a,(,,,

20031).333


Neutrino-Less Double Beta Decay - te Key Experiment of Contemporary Neutrino Physics b)

Z.Sujkowski, lecture) Queen's Univej-sit.v, Kingslon, Canada, Nvenibei 2003

Neutrino-Less Double Electron Capture - a Tool to Search for Majorana Neutrinosb)Z.Sujkowski, lecture) Queen's Unive)-sitY, Kin,,,,ston, Canada, November 2003

Neutrino-Less Double Electron Capture - a Tool to Search for Majorana NeutrinosZ.Stijkowski, lecture) Oak Ridge National Laboi-atoi-_y. ak Ridge. USA, Nvembet 2003

Influence oMalter on Neutrino Oscillations (1VISW Effect)"'

T.Kozlowski, �Vm-scnv Univei-sio, Selninai-, Wai-saw, Poland I A)fil 2003

Optimalization of Neutrino Oscillation Experiments:')T.Kozlowski, Wai-sair Univei-sitv Seminew. lVai-saii,. Poland, 10 October 2003

New SNO Data and Teir nfluence on Neutrino Parameters�')T.Kozio-wski, Warsait, University Semincii-, lVarsaw, Poland, 31 Octobei- 2003

New SNO Data;')T.Kozloivski, Wai-saw Univei-sitv Seminat-, lai-saw, Poland, 17 December 2003

The Time Distribution Moments Method for Analysis of Measurements of Very Short Nuclear Levels Lifetimes')R.Kaczarowski, 141ai-saw nivei-sitv Seminar, Warsaw, Poland I November 2003

a) in Polishb) in Emdish1�

PARTICIPATION IN SCIENTIFIC COUNCILS AND ORGANISING COMMITIES OFCONFERENCES

D.Chrnielewska - Scienti fic secretary of XXVIII MaZUrian Lakes Conference on Physics ,Atomic nucleus as a laboratory for

fundamental processes" ANKE WORKSHOP, Krzy2e, Poland, September 2003

Z.Sujkowski - Chairman of XXVIII Mazurian Lakes Conference on Physics ,Atomic nucleus as a laboratory for fndamentalprocesses" ANKE WORKSHOP, Krzv2e, Poland, September 2003

J.Wilczyfiski - Member of the CHIMERA Advising Committee" at LNS, Catania, Italy

J.Wilczyfiski - Member of the International Advisory Committee for te "World Consensus Initiative 2004" on nuclear reactiondynamics and thermodynamics in the Fernii-energy reginie

I.Zychor - Member of Organizing Committee 9" ANKE Workshop Strangeness Production on Nucleons and Nuclei",

Krzw'e, Poland, 8 IO September 2003

DIDACTIC ACTIVITY

J.Blocki - Supervisor of PhD Sdies of Mr. L. Shvedov (IPJ)

III year of PhD courses

R.Kaczarowski - Supervisor of PhD studies of Mr. A. Wasilewski (IPJ)

Z.Sujkowski - Supervisor of PhD studies of Mr. J. Rzadkiewicz (IPJ)

Z.Sujkowski - Supervisor of PHD studies of Mrs. A. Gjska (IPJ)III year of PD courses


PERSONNEL

Research scientists

Jan Blocki, Professor Ewa Ruchowska DrDanuta Chmielewska, Dr. Jan Sernicki, Dr.

- Scientific Secretary of the Institute Mieczyslaw Slapa, Assoc. Pofessor 4/5Ro§cislaw Kaczarowski, Assoc. Professor Mieczyslaw Sowifiski, Assoc. Professor 1/3Tadeusz Kozlowski, Dr. Ziernowid S 'kowski, ProfessorBogurnila Myslek-Laurikainen, Dr. - Director of the InstituteZbicln'cw Moroz, Contract Professor 35 till Nov. 30 Janusz Wilczyftski, ProfessorAntoni Piotrowski, Assoc. Professor 2/5 Jolanta Wojtkowska, Dr. 3/4Weronika P16clennik, Dr. Izabela Zychor, Dr.Zygmunt Prelbisz, Dr. 1/2 till June 30; 115 from July )

PhD studentsAneta G6jska, MSc.Jacek Rzadkiewicz, MSc.Adam Wasilewski, MSc

Technical and administrative staffKonrad Garanty 1/2 from May I Tomasz Plawski, Eng (on leave)Stanislaw Gqbalski, MSc. 1/2 Jacek Rzadkiewicz, MSc.Maciej Kisielifiski, Eno, 115 till April 30 Miroslaw SnopekMarek Kowalski, MSc. Wlodzimierz Stra�Alicja Kurdej 2/5 Marcin Tal 'koMai-Ian Laskus 115 Marek Traczyk, MSc.Maria Matul, MSc. 3/5 Halina TrzaskowskaStefan Mikolajewski Adam Wasilewski, MSc. from Oct. I

DEPARTMENT OF DETECTORS AND NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS 55

3 DEPARTMENT OF DETECTORS AND NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS

Head of Department: Assoc. Professor Zbigniew Guzikphone: (22) 718-05-49 PLO401676e-mail: zb1g�1pj.gov.p1

Overview

The basic activities of the Department of Nuclear Electronics in 2003 were concentrated on followin aeas:

• studies of new scintillation techniques,• contribution to the bg European projects,• scientific contracts with European industry in respect to detection techniques• electronics for experiments in Hgh Energy Physics,C7• development. nvestigation and poduction of silicon detectors• development of y-ray spectrometry apparatus,• development of new generation State of the Art PCI based and USB based multi-channel analysers,• technical support for the Institute as the whole with special emphasis on networking• normalisation activities.

Most of the scientific achievements of the Department were summarized in 18 publications (released or inpress). These papers were published mainly in IEEE Trans. on Nuct. Scl. and Nucl. Instr. and Methods. Besidesthat, our scientists pesented 14 contributions at international conferences (such as IEEE Nuclear ScienceSymposium 2003 in Portland. USA or 3th IEEE Real Time Conference in Montreal, Canada). Particularly, twopapers were presented at IEEE NSS Conference in Portland presenting the first in-beam study of LSO/APDarray detectors for PET in hadron therapy - this work was performed in the collaboration with FZR Rossendorfin Germany.

Studies on new scintillation techniques were concentrated mainly on energy resolution investigations inscintillation detectors. The study of pure CsI and BGO at liquid nitrogen temperature showed some iportantobservations concerning non-proportionality of the light yield versus energy of yquanta and intrinsic energy

C, t,resolution of the scintillators. It suc-ested that a modification of scintillators by additional doping may improvetheir poportionality and in consequence, their energy resolution.

The Department was nvolved in scientific collaborations with a number of international centers, suc asCERN, the Royal Institute of Tchnology in Stockholm, FZR Rossendorf, IKP Jalich, GSI Darmstadt andcompanies as Advanced Photonix, Inc in California, Scionix in Holland and Photonis in Fance. Additionally,collaboration with the IAEA in Vienna concerning monitoring of State borders was started. Several scientificcontracts were realized for the European industry.

The collaboration with Hh Energy Physics Department of our Institute was focused on te LHCbexperiment in CERN. It covered design, fabrication and tests of three kinds of hardware modules - TFC Switch(THOR), Throttle Switch (MUNIN) and Readout Supervisor (ODIN). The final versions of these odules weredesigned in the last year.

Our work on the development of a new eneration State of the Art PCI based and USB based multi-channelanalysers was promising. Many PCI based analysers were sold, while a USB based device is under final dsign.

Work concerning semiconductor detectors concentrated on improvements of silicon device parameters inparticular of those cooled by liquid ntrogen. Investigations of a method for surface stabilization of Xayradiation detectors were continued. Six special S-detectors were designed and delivered to Florida University inUSA.

The technical support for the Institute covers a lot of different types of activities, as supervision of Institutecomputer network, maintaining nternal data base and others.


3.1 Energy Resolution and Non-proportionality of the Light Yield of Pure Cs1 atLiquid Nitrogen Temperaturesby M.Moszyfiski, M.Balcerzyk, W.Czarnacki, M.Kapusta, W.Klarnral), P.SchotanUS2) , A.Syntfeld 31,

45)M.Szawfowski , V.Koz] OV6)0

0 The energy resolution and non-proportionality of photomultiplier, The large difference between purethe light yield versus y-ray energy of' pure Csi and thallium doped CsI crystals, comparable to that

'llators directly coupled to Large Area Avalanche reported for Nal crystals should be noted.scintl C,Photodiodes (LAAPDs) and cooled down to the liquidnitrogen temperatures have been studied, see Fig. 1.

Beryllium Window CsI (B)

Cs1 (A)LED A CsI TI)

Crystal APD

Sapphire

4

Cooling d

(Copper) 10 100 1000

Energy [keNjCryosorption

Material Fig. 3 The non-proportionality curves of studied Csl crystals at

LN2 temperature in comparison to the curve measured for Csl(TJ)coupled to the XP2020Q photomultiplier at room temperature

Fig. I Schernatic drawing of the cryostat with the Csl cystal The intrinsic resolution of the crystals versuscoupled to the LAAPD. energy of gamma rays has been estimated by

measurements of the number of primary electron-holevery hh fight output above 100000 ph/MeV pa' n LAAPD by sntillation light. The

Z, irs generatedwas measured. One of the samples showed nearly observed correlations of non-proportionality with theproportional light yield response versus energy Of emission spectra of the CsI and those in the earliergamma rays yielding energy resolution of 43±0.2% study of pure Nal suggest that the non-proportionality

11 11.1 CIt,for 662 keV y-rays from a 37 CS source, see Fia 2 of the scintillation response of halide crystals is not

only their intrinsic property.16oo ................. It suggests the question, is it possible to modify

halide crystals, such as Nal(TI) or CsI(TI), to obtain1400- Cs, 661.6 keV 7better non-proportionality and consequently, a better

1200. energy resolution?

1000FWHM 4.3

800- Presented at SCINT 2003 Conference, Valencia,Spain, September 2003.4

600-z

400 Royal Institute of Technology, SCFAB S106 91Stockholm, Sweden

zoo 2) SCIONIX Holland B.V. P.O. Box No. 143, 3980

. .... .. CC Bunnik, The Netherlands0 500 10.0'0' ;500 2000 2500 -iooo .35oo 400o Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw

Cha.nel..mbu- University, Ho2a 69, PL 00-681 Warsaw, Poland

Fig. 2 Energy spectrum of 662 keV y-rays from a 37CS source Advanced Photonix, Inc. 1240 Avenida Acaso,measured with Csl (13). 5 Camarillo, CA 93012, USA

) Gamma Medica, Inc., 19355 Business Center Dr.,The non-proportionality of the light yield of Suite 8, Northridge, CA 91324, USA

studied CsI crystals ae presented in Fig 3 in 6) Lebedev Physical Institute, 17924 Moscow,comparison to the similar dependence measured at Russia3 �ts shaping time for a 10 mm in diameter and 1 mmthick CsI(TJ) crystal coupled to the X2020Q


PLO401678

3.2 Intrinsic Energy Resolution and Light Yield Non-proportionality of BGO,2)by M.Moszyfiski, M.Balcerzyk, W.Czarnacki, M.Kapusta, W.Klamral), A.Syntfeld, M.Szawlowski

The intrinsic enercy), resolution and non- High light outputs of 14000±300 electron-holeproportionality of te light yield as a function of pairs and nergy resolution of 65±0.2% for 662 keVgamma ray enerojes, in the ener-y ranue of 14 keV to gamma rays were measured with te 9 rnm diametcr,1:1 -'D 11:1 1:1 1-11.33 MeV, were studied fr small BGO cystals at 4 mm thick crystals, coupled to a Large Ai-earoom and liquid nitrogen (LN,) temperatures. Figs I Avalanche Photodiodes and cooled down to LN,and 2 showed that te light yield non-proportionality temperature.and the intrinsic esolution o' BGO as a function of Special attention was paid to analyze te encrayenergy does not depend on the crystal temperature. resolution of the escape peaks, which were wc1l

separated from the full-enerely photopeaks due to theII5- . Blood energy resolution of BGO at LN, temperatures

II()- and the energy of bismuth K Xays, see F g. 3.

105 T 3000A

IN Cr25000 -

320 1 V0.9 A

90 Tj�, 2000 -

Z 85 215000

LN, temperatureRI' 800 900 1000 1101) 1-100 9.3 1

A sape paks 10000 KX escape peok

244 1iAl

70 -

65 5000

100 100

Energy [k,:Vl 00 200 4�O 6 LI' 0 3 DO 1 000 1201) 1400

Channel number

Fig. 1 The non-proportionality characteristics of BGO cystals

determined at both oom and LN, temperatures. Te ots Fig. 3 The energy spectral Ill of 3 20 keV y-rays from a Cr source.

corresponding to the escape peaks, represented y the triangles, fit In the insert the fitting result of te escape peak is shown.well within the curve.

1011- The intrins' solution of te BGO crystalfor escape peaks does not show deviations frorn theresolution of total energy absorption photopeaks. Allthe points, correspondin- to the intrinsic resolution of'escape peaks in Fg 2 fit well those of the full energypeaks. This holds in spite of the fact that te

Acontr'but'ons of X-rays and Auger electron cascade increation of escape peaks are much smaller than in full-

0- 1energy peaks. In a small volume cystal, ainlyelectrons produced in the photoelectric absorption

LN, tem pe ra tu re

o R7F A)� create the escape peaks.A Escape peaks

Presented at IEEE Nuclear Science Symposiumand Medical Imaging Conference, Portland, USA,

100 1000 October 2003, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., in pess.Energy IkeVI

Fig. 2 Intrinsic resolution of BGO crystal at oom ad LN, 1) Royal Institute of Technology, SCFAB, S 106 91temperatures. The points corresponding to the escape peaks, Stockholm, Swedenrepresented by the triangles, fit well within te curve. Gamma Medica, Inc., 19355 Business Center Dr.,

Northridge, CA 91324, USA


3.3 New Fast Photomultipliers with a Screening Grid at the Anode*)by M.Moszyfiski, M.Kapusta, D.Wolski., M.Balcerzyk, S.O.Flyckt'), P.Lavoutel), C.Marmonier'),H.Mach 2)

Performances of new fast XP20YO/DA and 1000 grid n grid Co!XP20YOQ/DA 8 stage photomultipliers equipped LaC C,

3:with a screening rid at the anode were studied. Theanode, a rid placed inside the last dynode, see Fg. 1, 163± 5Ps 182± 5ps

100

ensures a low time-of-flight of elections from the lastdynode to the anode and a good charge collection at 1ch 11.17 ps

the anode. However, one can note easily that the 10anode sianal consists of two components: the maiinone induced by the collccted electrons fom the lastdynode and a parasitic one induced at te anode by 0 I . I . I . I . . .Ielectrons traveling towards the anode frorn the pre- 0 grid no grid 22Na

ultimate dynode. This parasitic component is shifted '000 LaC Ccin time relative to the main component, arriving A-'

246± 5ps 285 5PsSlightly earlier, and, in fact, its charge mainly triggers 100fast discriminator. Thus, the triggering point is fr too

1khigh compared to that resulting from the statistical10properties of the scintillation detectors.

. . . . . . . . . . . . .20 60 100 140 20 6o 100 140

-2 Channel nunaber

Fig. 2 The time spectra meaStired with an LaCI3:Ce cystal

coupled to the XP20YO/DA (with rid) and the XP20Y0.ly fo 6 22

respective 'Co and Na y-rays. Note tat in te reference

dN I detector a BaF, crystal coupled to the XP20YOQ/DA was sed.

Ar, Position of the Particularly, the tme resolutions normalized to theI I Iscreening grid number of photoelectrons measured with BaF, crystalswere comparable to those measured in the past wth0

Anode the XP2020Q in a superior dynode-timing mode.A sianificant improvement of tming up to a factor f

1.2 due to the arid at the anode was shown also in themeasurements with LSO and LaCI3:CC crystals. Itconfirms the mportance of the rd in fast timing

Fig. 1 Geometry of the last dynodes and te aode i a typicallinear-focused photomultiplier. Note that the anode is bilt as a grid photomultipliers.inside the last dynode. The position of the screening grid is also Presented at IEEE Nuclear Science Symposiumshown. and Medical Imaaina Conference, Portland, USA,.1-1 11

October 2003, submitted to IEEE Trans. Nucl. Scl_The iming properties in coincidence experiments

were measured with BaF?, LSO and LaCI3:Ce crystals60C 22 1) Photonis, Av. Roger Roncier, B.P. 520, F 19106for o and Na aamma rays and discussed in terms Z:1Z, Brive La Gaillarde Cedex, France

of the measured photoelectron numbers. 2) Department of Radiation Sciences, UppsalaFig 2 presents a comparison of time spectra University, Studsvik Sweden

measured with a LaC]3:Ce crystal coupled to theXP20YO/DA (with the screening grid) and XP20YOPMTs for y-rays from 6OCo and 22 Na sources. Note The work was realized within t Scientificagain a systematically better time resolution measured Conti-act with Photonis, Brive la Gaillarde, Cdex,

France.with the XP20YO/DA equipped with the screening.ari at the anode.


3.4 Comparative Study of PP0275C Hybrid Photodetector and XP2020QPhotomultiplier in Scintillation Detection 006by M.Moszyfiski, W.Klamral), D.Wolski, W.Czarnacki, M.Kapusta, M.Balcerzyk (0

F.- 0

Properties of a hybrid photodetector (HPD), type The measurement was done at a high volta(ye of' 0PP0275C, produced by Delft Electronic Products about 15 kV at the photocathode. Energy of a singleB.V., or scintillation detection and spectrometry were photoelectron was estimated to be 14 keV, in relationstudied and compared to a standard XP2020Q to the 59.6 keV y-peak, reflecting the energy loss inphotomultiplier, see Flg. . the entrance window of Si-diode.

However, the study of the HPD with te

4-- 2 6 mm 'llators showed a dramatically reduced number ofQLMM

Window photoelectrons and a further deterioration of enerclyT-1 resolution, depending on the sze diameter or cn-th)

of the crystals. For a 10 mm diameter NaI(Tl) te15 kV S20 photocathode19 mm) number of photoelectrons of 5000±250 phe/MeV was

A measured, which corresponds to about 56% of that-11 kV FoCLIsim, electrodes observed with the XP2020Q of comparable quantum

ov efficiency. Energy resolution of 92% for 662 keV y-37rays from a Cs source measured with the HPD Ight

Ceramic wallsSi diode readout showed a serious dgradation, laruer than thatarising from the statistics of photoelectrons, see Fg 3.

Diode signalDiode bias 25000- . . . . . . . . . . .

Fig. I Schematic drawing of te HPD. 662 keV 137CS

20000-The study was performed for several sintillators,

such as Nal(TI), CsI(TI), and LSO of differentdimensions. The excellent capability of the HPD to E0

resolve single photoelectron events was fullyconfirmed. Flg. 2 pesents the response of the HPD to 1pbe 9.2/,

E 10000- Alight pulses of about 3 photons of mean intensity from ;IZ I gain A00 gain xia laser light pulser.

5000-

14000-3plic

0 Q12000- . . . . . . . . . . . � . . . .2500 30000 500 10�' 1500 2

loooo- Channel numberFig. 3 Energy spectrum of 662 UV y-rays easured with Nal(TI)

8000- lph, coupled to the HPD in comparison to the sile photoelectron pak.5phe

6000- In conclusion, the study showed that the PP0275CZ

HPD is optimized for single photon detection and its4000-A application to scintillation detection is very limited.

7plic2000- 1\1 .1Presented at IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

__4 and Medical Imaging Conference, Portland, USA,400 800 1200 1601) 2000 October 2003, submitted to IEEE Trans. Nucl. Scl.

Channel number

Fig. 2 Sin-le photoelectron response of HPD under iumination Royal Institute of Technology, SCFAB, S- 106 91by about 3 photons light pulses on the average. Stockholm, Sweden


3.5 Studies of Lil(Eu) Scintillator iny-Rays SpectrometryI 2)by A.Syntfeld, M.Moszyfiski, M.Balcerzyk, M.Kapusta, M.Majorov and P.Schotanus

Europiurn activated Ll is a scintillator mostly used photons/MeV. The iht yield proportionality obtainedas thermal neutron detector via an interaction with the in our measurements is much better than that of.,6Li atoms of the crystal through the eaction: Nal(TI) crystal and slightly better as compared to

6Li + I _ 4 He+'H Q CsI(Tl) scintillator (see Fg. 1).3 0 2 1

The scintillator used is enriched to 96% 'Li. Since 60

no yrays a emitted in the reaction () resulting 81 Lil(Eu) D=30 x 3 mm50spectra correspond to neutrons registered in the M total

detector. For interaction with thermal neutrons, the D El intrinsic

energy released in the reaction (Q = 478 MeV) is 0divided between the oc-particle and the triton ad is 30uniquely specified, so the peak appears as a sharp P 20

0Gaussian at an equivalent 7-ray nergy of about3 MeV ([I] and references therein). Te energy LU 10

spectrum for fst neutrons demonstrates a poorly 0:1defined and broad peak due to a dference in the 10 1 00 1 000scintillation efficiency to the alpha and triton which, Energy [keV]

in turn, depends on the ambient temperature Fig. 2 Total and intrinsic energy resolution measured with Li (ELI).

1.35 C,

However, the observed ood proportionality is not> 0 Ul q = 30 m x 3 mma) 1.30 0 Nal(TI) reflected in the intrinsic resolution of the crystal which

Csl(TI) 0.1 m/o s shown in Fa 2 Th energy resolution at 661.6 keV1.20: measured for the b crystal is 75% and is much

01.1 7 better than 11.2% obtained for the smaller one. It Is1.10' due to the better light collection in the case of b,

A) 1.05 T LII(Eu) measured with a light guide f rnM--- ----- -- T .... thickness. The nergy spectrum obtained foi-

_r_ 1.00 - --------- --------

0.95 -: the (1-50 x 5 mm crystal is presented in Fig 3.

0.9010 I 00 1 000 6000 -

Energy [keV]5500

Fig. The non-proportionality caracteristics of Lil(Eu) crystal. 5000

The L1(Eu) scintillator is a very hygroscopic 45000 0

material and has to be used in hermetically sealed 01000

assembly. The sctintillation efficiency is about 30-FWHM

35% of Nal(TI) 2]. The emission spectrurn consists of' 500 7.5%

a broad band with a maximum at 470 m-n. The self-

absorption appears below 450 nm close to the .... ... 10'00 1'5'00 20'00 25'00 30000 5 0emission peak hence large crystal dimensions can Channeldegrade the energy resolution.

Z, C,In this work, properties of two Ll(Eu cystals of Fig. 3 They-ray spectrum from a 3CS SUrCe measured with

different sizes were studied in yray spectrometry. The 0=50 x 5 mm Li I(Eu).

energy resolution and non-proportionality of the light [II R.B. Murray, "Use, Of Li6i (Eu) As A Scintillation

yield vs. yray energy of the 0=30 x 3 min crystal ae Detector And Spectrometer For Fast Neutrons",

presented, while for the 0=50 x 5 mm cystal only the Nucl. Instr 2 1958) 237

energy esolution at 661.6 keV was measured t [21 E. Sakai, "Recent Measurements On Scintillator-

compare with the result for the smaller crystal. Due to Photodetector System", IEEE Trans. Nucl. Scl.

1.2 4s decay time constant [I] the 6 Vs shaping tirne Vol. NS-34, No. 1987 4 constant was chosen for both crystals. 1)

Scientific Enuineering Center, Nuclear PhysicsThe measured photoelectron yield is ather low :1and amounts to about 3000 phe/MeV for LI(Eu) Researches, 2-nd Murinsky pr. 28, St. Petersburg,

coupled to the calibrated XP5200 photomultiplier and 194021 Russiacorresponds to the light output of' - 1.5x 104 SCIONIX Holland B.V., P.O. Box No. 143, 3980

C CC Bunnik, The Netherlands

DEPARTMENT OF DETECTORS AND NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS 6 PLO401682

3.6 Comparison of LaC13:Ce and Nal(TI) Scintillators in Gamma - Ray Spectrometryby M.Balcerzyk, M.Moszyfiski, M.Kapusta

A high energy resolution amounting to 33% for resolution is worse than that for Nal(TI). The analysis662 keV y-rays of recently developed LaC13:Ce of the energy resolution of 34 keV Xays frorncrystal, reported for small samples below I cm 3 [1], a radioactive background of 1381-a excluded a trivialprompted the present comparison of a larcler sample of explanation by a surface effect.025x25 mm size to Nal(TI) in y-ray spectrometry.LaC13:Ce has an emission maximum at 335 nm. 30%

3 A&density of 386 g/cm. and is hygroscopic. Itseffective atomic number is 59.5, as compared to 50.0 rZ o Nal(TI) Sample 3for NaI(TI). The latter caracteristics suguest that the,Zr :5 20% E] A LaC13detection eiciency of y-rays and the photofraction ofLaC13:Ce should be comparable to that of Nal(TI). The A

comparison of the energy spectra f 662 keV -y-rays 2137CS a) 10% EAfrom a source, as measured with LaC]3:Ce and CLU

NaI(T]) crystals at a 3 ts shaping time constant 4AA ALA Ashowed a ood energy resolution of LaCl :Ce of 42%

3 0%

in comparison to the 65% observed with Nal(TI). The10 100 1000 10000non-proportionality curve for LaCI3:Ce and NaI(TI is

shown in F 1. LaC13:Ce is clearly superior to Energy, keVNal(TI) in terms of' non-proportionality Te energy Fig. 2 Energy resolution of LaC13:Ce and Nal(TI vrsus energy.resolution of LaC13:Ce and Nal(TI) measured with thesame photomultiplier versus energy is shown in Fg 2 However, at low energies below 20 keV a sarpThe enerav resolution of LaC]3:Ce above 122 keV is proportionality drop is seen in Fg. 1. Thus, probablysuperior, hile below 22 keV is poorer as compared it is responsible for a large deterioration of te

to those measured with NaI(Tl) crystals. intrinsic resolution at low energies. Low energyX-rays, Auger electrons and numerous secondary

120% electrons (5-rays) also contribute to full energy peak.0 Such deterioration, in fact, was qualitatively pedicted

the simulation of the contribution arising froi -n theEl*LaC13 ONal(TI) y-ray detection process to the intrinsic resolution

110%C: E] based on the measured electron non-proportionallty in0

LSO and NaI(Tl 2 In these calculations, 8-rays0CL2 were not considered. Note that YAP crystal, whichC: exhibits a good proportionality down to 59 keV at0 100%Z t, 93 3 shows an intrinsic energy esolution btter

than Nal(TI), even at 14 keV. Therefore LaC13:Cepresents an ntermediate case between YAP ad LSO.

90% All these crystals do not show any increase i te

10 100 Energy, keV 1000 10000 proportionality curve like NaI(Tl) does; the downward

bendinc, starts at about 10, 20 and 100 keV foi- YAP,Fig. I Non-proportionality of the ight vield of LaCl,: Cc and LaC13:Ce and LSO respectively. The intrinsic energyNal(TI). The curve error is 3. resolution also scales in the same order. At pesent,

No doubt that the main advanta-e of LaC13: Cc the tested sample showed about 40% lower light )fieldthan small crystal samples [1].

over Nal(TI) is better energy resolution at eneraiesabove 120 kV. This fact and a comparable detectionefficiency and photofraction will ake it, in the neai- [11 E.V.D. Van Loef et a]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 77

future a crystal of choice for pecise y-ray (2000)1467spectrometry. A much faster light pulse allows for [21 J.D. Valentine, et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 45

high counting rate measurements, several times laraer (1998)512[31 M. Balcerzyk, et al., Proc. of the 5th Int. Corif ' on

th.an with Nal(TI) A hh speed of the fast component Inoraanic Scintillators & Their Applications,of the light pulse and a hh light output assure also C,

SCINT99, Moscow, Au(yust 16-20, 1999, 167fast timing capabilities of the new crystal. The very

good proportionality of the ight yield of LaC]3:CC,I Z, Presented at SCINT 2003 Conference, Valencia,down to 20 keV resulted in an excellent energy Spain, submitted to Nucl. Inst. Meth A.resolution above 120 keV. However, below 120 keV,

energy resolution and especially intrinsic energy


3.7 The LS0/APD Array as a Possible Detector for In-beam PET in Hadron Therapy.by M.Kapusta, P.Crespo'�, D.Wolsk', K.He'dell), L.Heinrich", J.Hutsch'), J.Pawelkel), M.Sobiella'),

I IA.Trzcifiska 2�, M.Moszyfiski, W.Enclhardtl)

We have studied the performance of finger like NO (a)

LSO:Ce (LSO cystals coupled one by one to pixels 10of avalanche photodiode detector (APD) arrays, seeFig. . (b)

NOW',i4V"A' loo (C)

10(d)

Fig. 1 The assembling of a dete tor head. Miller

Each detector head was plugged into a socket on 500 1000 500 200. 2500 300. 31. 7. 8N 900 1110 M. U00 II..'

one side of a multilayer PCB motherboard, whichcontains on the other side the 32 preamplifiel's Fig. 3 Energy spectra (a - d) and coincidence time distributionsarranced in a circle. Details of the construction and theZ, (e, f) obtained from the in-beam experiments, where the stoppingfinal design are depicted in Fg 2 region of the 12 C beam was in the detector field-of-view, by sorting

the list mode data under different conditions: 12 (a) all coincidenceevents within time ran-e of 18 ns durin- the C beam extraction,(b) as (a), but coincidence events within a time window of 6 ns; (c)all coincidence events within time range of 8 ns during the puses

12between the C beam extraction; (d) as (c), but coincidence eventswithin a time window of 6 ns; e) time spectrum acquired dUring tebeam extraction; (f) time spectrum acquired during the pausesbetween the beam extraction.

12C (200

Fig. 2 Details of the construction of the detectors and final view. E

In first step of these experiments the parameters ofthe detectors and the snal processing setup were . . . .

characterized off-beam, 1. e. by means of2 2 6 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ive sources gGe). The mean values :2.3radioact' Na of

CM

energy resolution of 16.1% FWHM and timing

resolution of 62 ns FWHM were measured. Theaverage spread of 511 keV peak position was about Fig. 4 Positron emitter distribution generated by stopping the

carbon bearn in a PMMA phantom and measured wit], the20 %. LSO/APDA detectors with the set-up depicted in Fig 3.

Afterwards, the apparatus was installed at the

medical beam line of the heavy ion synchrotron (SIS) The depth-distribution of activity observed is in

of the Gesellschaft ftir Schwerionenforschung (GSI) at complete agreement with the expectations from the

Darmstadt, Germany. Here the P' activity produced by kinematics of the nuclear fragmentation reactions

nuclear fragmentation reactions of 2 C 200.3 AMeV leading to the positron emitters. Onto a nearly plateau

heavy Ion beams with polymerized rnethyl of activity formed by target fragments ("C, 'C and

methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms we measured Te 150) a pronounced activity maximum due to the' 'le fragments C, 10C) s superimposed.

results of those measurements a pesented in Fg 4 projecti I I

The demonstrated major achievement of thisIt was demonstrated also by rneans of' hgh experimental work were: () the in-beam imaging

resolution 7-ray spectroscopy that LSO is not activatedby the light pr 'ectile fragments escaping the patients capability of this detector type; 2 the sufficient

Oi I radiation hardness of such detectors to be operated at adownbeam during therapeutic irradiations radiotherapy treatment site.

In the second set of experiments te goal was to

image the positron emitter distribution enerated by a2

penci -like C beam stopped in a phantom. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Postfach 510119, 01314

Dresden, GermanyFig 4 shows the measured + distribution achieved-) Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw University, ul. Pasteura 5a,

by shifting the irradiated phantoms alone the barn.02-093 Warsaw, Poland

DEPARTMENT OF DETECTORS AND NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS 63PLO401684

3.8 The Software for Automatized Measurements of Scintillation and LuminescenceSpectraby T.Batsch, M.Balcerzyk

Testing of emission and absorption spectra of Increasing number of new scintillators that Ericillators is essential for undei-standinL of their tested in our laboratory and accurac.

scint v of'basic properties. these measurements called for automation. Due to that

the monochromator.exe program was written andThe experimental set-up used . in these implemented. The prograrn 11 runs on standar PC

measurements in our laboratory consists ofan excitingXe lamp, two CVI CM100 monochrornators a computer and di-Ives the monochromators a the

scaler throu-h RS-232 serial ports. Functions of' thephotomultiplier with hgh voltage power supply, Ortecprogram, I in

579 fast filter amplifier and an Ortec 994 scaler. The 1-1 can be easilly understood from its mai'llator under test s exc'ted by a portion of the screen shown below. The new measurement cycle can

light emitted by the Xe lamp wich is selected by the be started by pressing the "NEW" pushbutton. Afterwavelength t I -oi

irst monochrornator. The light hat the operator the necessary inf -i-nation bydistribution in the resulting scintillation and answering questions that ae presented to him b the

program. With the last answer the measurement startsluminescence emitted by the scintillator is tested step 11by step by selecting the spectrum portion in the automatically. The collected data can be storedsecond monochromator and checking the countina rate ("SAVE" pushbutton) or printed out ("PRINT

pushbutton). The program execution can be stoppedat the output of the photomultiplier. C,by pressing the "EXIT" pushbutton.

sp-ifi-ti"',SCINTILLATOR ID- _LuA103:Ce

"'o" 1 stepmonoll

100 10 100 10N.nb., of teps: Step� &tati,-7

50 30

Te�ted b:

12 0 �04 -0 2 �-l 10:50:32 MBeTB. . ... ... .... .. . ....... .. ... .... ... ... ... .. .. ..... ..... .. ..... ........ . ...... ..........

k 15 POO SAVE P816T.'

Fig. I Main screen of the program.

The whole set-up was successfully tested during improvement of the measurements efficiency. Terecent measurements of more than 90 spectra of collected data were further evaluated with standardLuAlO3:Ce scintillator showing a significant Excel program.

IIIIIIII 11111 III line IIIII IIIII IIIII line IIIII 1111 1111

PLO4016853.9 Assembling and Testing of Si Microstrip Detector*)

by T.Batsch, M.Balcerzyk, A.DzIedzic, K.Le§niewski, M.Moszy6ski, T.Sworobowicz, D.Wolski,Ilawrocka

For the new experiments planned at FZ flilich The contract was sgned on 10.06.2002. During theCOSY accelerator a series of new Si mcrostrip meeting in wjerk in June 2003 the progress of tedetectors of thicknesses varying from 30 jtm to work was approved and further activities discussed.500 ltm with 512 strips each was ordered by FZ Rilich The resulting work was finished at the end of' tein the firm "MICRON SEMICONDUCTOR". For 2003.assembling and testing of those detectors the FZ Jijllchsigned a contract with our Institute.


Within te work te foilowino- tCIIIS Were To allow for that two mjor problems wre solved:constructed ad bricated:

- pick-up and cross-talk noise in densely packed- two VaCLJLII1 cambers one with step motor prearrip modules,

controlled source positioning rnechanism), - fabricating of lar-je area multilayer epoxy oards.- 8 vacuum-tight epoxy. multilayer detector signals

After assembling f t detector SCt-LIl) andfeed-through plates three -.vith detector Spports),

, check'na te vacuum sveral series of' tests wth the- 50 prearnplificr modules, 32 channels each.

first detector w performed. Te tests we-formed wth Am-241 a-source oi- laser dode LIS'

pei I inGour multiparaimter data DAQ system and referred to:

accuracy of pixel identification,energy esolution,th-ning properties the detector

The planned work is finished. The prolongation fthe contract is negotiated.

Fig. 2 Detector sct-up. Work contracted by FZ JUlich.

3.10 "Glue Light" - a Programmable Interface between Credit Card PC and Board

Electronics in LHCb Experiment(O00 by Z.Guzjk and R.Jacobsson(O

CDIq The LHCb experiment control Interface to electronics boards in LHCb in CERN. T fure0

electronic boards located in the counting roorns is below sows eal view of the device.based on a commercial Cdit Card PC fi-onn DigitalLo.a1c. It comi-nunicates wth cxternal world viaEthernet only. In ordei- to nterlace ts kn ofcomputer to the board lectronics, an ntermediatemezzanine card "Glue light" has been des]uned, testedand fbricated. It is based on a sngle complex FPGAand emulates a PLX 9030. Logical and pysicalconnection between CC- PC and rest of the boardlogic is achieved with help of' PCI bus. Besides

the parallel 32-bit local bus t also generatesstandard 12C and JTAG serial busses. Local bus,cTuarantces te speed up to 40 Mliz. Control codewritten in VHDL hardware description language was.fully debugged and tested in experimental conditions.The board can be configured either locally from EPC2 Fig. I Picture of the ,Glue light" board tollether with tile

EEPROM or emotely by emulated Byte Blaster. shielded Credit Card PC (left).

This mezzanine will b poduce in very high

volurne to be Inserted into several hundreds of' 1) CERN, Geneva. Switzerland

3.11 Development of Multichannel Analyzer Supervising Software Tukan 8 -

New Features(O by K.Traczyk, M.Ploi-nibsk], P.Lorenckj

C)

0 The number of Tukan8k multi-chatinel analyzers In December 2003 the latest version of te_j developed in our Department nd sed In scientific program, labeled as 'I.34', was finished. Here ae

institutes or student laboratories increases every yh-. some of newly introduced features: eportinu and

in order to satisfy emerging user's eeds and to Importing of spectra in ASCII format, possibility of'Crilarge device possibilities t development of adding, subtracting or compressing of spectra. Also

supporting software is still continued. Realon Of Interest (R01) functionality, selected on


collected spectrum, was expanded to provide editorial of InstallShield Express program (v. 35), thefunctions and to allow multiple calculation of peak installation of the Tukan8k software poceeds i aparameters (different options and ftting functions are typical way. The program shortcut is placed in

MCS (multichannel scaling) mode of Windows start menu and an icon s placed on arunning was developed for users of our previous desktop. Windows Registry is updated withC,Tukan4k analyzers information about screen confiauration, selection of

user's interface language, applied folders. hardwareIn 2003 the whole software was moved to a newpresets and other.environment of Borland's Delphi 7 development

system extended by TeeChart 601 package. Multi-channel analyzer Tukan8k is a commercial

Adjustment of the program to the new environment, product now. A demonstration version of the program

particularly a different system of localization which is including simulation of data acquisition wasI , developed for marketing purposes. The demonstrate

an ntegral part of the Delphi 7 system, was a time- ion

consuming pocess. As a esult of the change, the program is available on our web siteZ-1 C, C, Iprogram stability and performance was improved. (littp:/fwww.ipj.��oV.Pi/ttik�tn) from where it can be

The Tukan8k analyzer can operate in various downloaded and easily installed on any computersupporting Windows 98/Me/2000/XP operatilic,environments beaInninc, from Windows 98 up to

C7

Windows XP. Our latest achievement is a system.redevelopment of installation program. Under control

PLO401688

3.12 The System for Data Collection During Production of Straw Chambers UsingMicrosoft Access Dbase in LHCb Experimentby M.Uzdowski

The data base is used for collection, storing and following program modules: New module, Straw

presentation the information concerning production of preparation, Straws' gluing, Wiring, Tests of alf

straw chambers, which will be used in LHCb module, Wires' changing Guing module box. Final

experiment. The data base consists of two parts: tests, Packing, Sending. The main part enables access

Production and Supervision. to every module. Beside that there are also other

The Production part is applied for collecting and modules which track other parameters, suc as

delivery time of materials and so on.storma the data following stages of the production:

registering the chambers parameters, notifying usage The Supervision part is elated to a supervisiffiT

of the particular materials and the conditions which person. The database helps to check tile current

are examined at every stage of the poduction production status, without the possibility of

(Temperature and Humidity). The date and time of the introducing changes. This part consists o te

execution of each operation are appended following modules: Production, Materials, Tests,

automatically. This part of the base consists of the Module status.

PLO4016893.13 Improvements in the Computer Infrastructure of INS

by J.Szlachclak, C.G6rny, M.Kapusta, K.Le�niewski, P.Lorencki, M.Plomifiski, K.Traczyk

The development of computer nfrastructure in distribution and exchange of electronic documents and

2003 was mainly concentrated on mproving the forms, the Institute decided to purchase number of

security and the reliability of the network. In order to licenses of Adobe Acrobat 60 CE.

find out the number of softwares required to be In addition a set of ogon scripts was developed to

legalized software and hardware audits were t,0 build a system for dynamic collection of hardware and

performed. As a result of the software audit the software inventory.

Institute covered remaining number of licenses for In liaht of enhanced security concerns caused byMicrosoft Windows (all versions) and McrosoftOffice (all versions) by purchasing adequate Microsoft highly increased number of security accidents in

open licenses. In order to potect workstations against Internet in 2003, Symantec Gateway Security SGS5420 firewall was purchased and implemented in

viruses and hacker attacks Norton Enterprise and order to protect the intranet network. A performance

Corporate Antivirus were purchased. To fully support of Internet communication was improved by

Portable Document Format (PDF) which is the de upgrading bandwidth of Internet connection to I Mbps.facto world standard for the secure and reliable



AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES IN SCINTILLATION DETECTIONM.Nlomfiski, M.Szawlowski, M.Kapusta, M.BalcerzykNlfcl. Instr Meth., A497(2003)226

INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS INy-RAY SPECTROSCOPYN1.N,1osz3,fiskiNucl. Instr. Meth., A505(2003)101

INTRINSIC ENERGY RESOLUTION OF PURE NAI STUDIED WITH LARGE AREA AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES ATLIQUID NITROGEN TEMPERATURESM.Moszyfiski, W.Czarnacki, W.Klarnra, M.Szmvlowski, P.Schotanus, M.KapustaNitcl. Instr. Meth., A505(2003)63

APPLICATION OF LARGE AREA AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES TO STUDY SCINTILLATORS AT LIQUID NITROGENTEMPERATUREM.Nlomfiski, WCzarnacki, W. Klamra, M.Szawlowski, P.Schotanus, M.KapustaNucl. nstr. Meth., A504(2003)307

EVALUATION OF THE HAMAMATSU S8550 FOR SCINTILLATION MATRIX READOUTM.Kapusta, P.Crespo, D.Wolski, M.Nloszyfiski, W.EnghardtNucl. Instr. Meth., A504(2003)139

CHARACTERIZATION OF YB-.YAG AND YB:YAP SCINTILLATORS BY MEANS OF LAAPD AT TEMPERATURE AROUND100 KS.Belo�,urov, G.Bressi. G.Carugno, 1N1.N,1oszyfiski, W.Czarnacki. M.Kapusta, M.SzawlowskiNucl. Instr. Meth.. A496(2003)385

STUDY OF PURE NAI AT ROOM AND LIQUID NITROGEN TEMPERATURESNI.Moszyfiski, M.Balcerzyk, W.Czarnacki, M.Kapusta, W.Klarnra, P.Schotanus, A.Syntfeld, M.SzawlowskiIEEE, Tr(ins. Nucl. Sci., 50(2003)767

METHODS OF PREPARATION AND PERFORMANCE OF SEALED GAS PHOTOMULTIPLIERS FOR VISIBLE LIGHTM.Balcerzvk. D.M&rnann, A.Breskin, B.K.Singh, E.D.C.Freitas, R.Chech1k, M.Klin, M.RappaportIEEE 7-cins. Nitcl. Sci., 50(2003)847

DRIVING THE LHCB FRONT-END READOUTZ.Guzik, R.Jacobsson and B.JostIEEE Trans. Nuct. Sci. in press)

ENERGY RESOLUTION AND NON-PROPORTIONALITY OF THE LIGHT YIELD OF PURE CSI AT LIQUID NITROGENTEMPERATURENI.NIoszyfiski, M.Balcerzyk, W.Czarnacki, M.Kapusta, W.Klarnra, P.Schotanus, A.Syntfeld, M.SzawlowskiNucl. Instr. Meth i press)

COMPARISON OF LACL3:CE AND NAI(TL) SCINTILLATORS IN F-RAY SPECTROMETRYM.Ba1cerzyk,1V1.N1oszvfiski, N.KapustaNitcl. Instr. Meth i press)

INTRINSIC RESOLUTION AND LIGHT YIELD NON-PROPORTIONALITY OF BGON1.1v1oszyfiski, M.Balcerzyk, W.Czarnacki, \.Kapusta, W.Klarnra, A.Syntfeld, M.SzawlowskiIEEE Tmns. Ntcl. Sci i press)

NEW FAST PHOTOMULTIPLIERS WITH A SCREENING GRID AT THE ANODEM.Nfoszyfiski, M.Kaptista, D.Wolski, M.Balcerzyk, S.O.Flyckt, P.Lavoute, C.Marmonier, H.MachIEEE Tr(ins. Ntcl. Sci i press)

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PP0275C HYBRID PHOTODETECTOR AND XP2020Q PHOTOMULTIPLIER INSCINTILLATION DETECTIONNf.tvloszyfiski, W.Klamra, D.Wolski, W.Czarnacki, M.Kapusta, M.BalcerzykIEEE Tivns. Nucl. Sci. (in press)

THE LSO/APD ARRAY AS A POSSIBLE DETECTOR FOR IN-BEAM PET IN HADRON THERAPYM.Kapusta, P.Crespo, D.Wolski, K.Heidel,..., J.Paxvelke, A.Trzcifiska, M.NIoszyfiski, W.Enghardt, et al.IEEE Trans. Nuct. Sci i press)

FIRST IN-BEAM PET IMAGING WITH LSO/APD-ARRAY DETECTORSP.Crespo, M.Kapusta.Pawelke, M.Moszynski, W.EnghardtIEEE Trans. NucL Sci i press)

RECENT ADVANCES IN GASEOUS IMAGING PHOTOMULTIPLIERSA.Breskin, M.Balcerzyk, R.Chechik, G.P.Guccles, J.Niaia and D.MormannNucl. Instr Meth A i press)


READOUT OF PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS WITH COOLED LARGE-AREA AVALANCHE PHOTODIODESA.Mykulyak, M.Kapusta, U.Lynen, N.Moszyfiski, ..., M.Szaw1o-,vsk1, W. TraLltmann, A.Trzcifiski, D.Wolski, AZlvi�gfiflskiNucl. Instr. Meth. in press)

OTHER PAPERS

POLISH VERSIONS OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS

PN-EN 61691-2 - BEHAVfOURAL LANGUAGES, PART 2 VHDL M ULTILOGIC SYSTEM FOR MODEL INTEROPERAB ILITY(IEC 61691-2:2001)Z.Guzik, J.Charuba

PN-EN 61691-3-2 - BEHAVIOURAL LANGUAGES, PART 32: MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS IN VHDL(IEC 61691-3-2:2001).Z.Guzik,.J.Charuba

PN-EN 61691-3-3 - BEHAVIOURAL LANGUAGES, PART 2 SYNTHESIS IN VHDL(IEC 6691-3-3:2001).Z.Guzik, J.Charuba

PN-EN 61690 -Electronic DESIGN INTERCHANGE FORMAT (EDIF), PART 1: VERSION 3 (lEC 61690-I.-2000(E)Z.Guzik, J.Charuba


ENERGY RESOLUTION AND NON-PROPORTIONALITY OF THE LIGHT YIELD OF PURE CSI AT LIQUID NITROGENTEMPERATUREM.Moszvfiski, M.Balcerzvk, W.Czarnacki, M.Kapusta, W.Klamra, P.Schotanus, A.Syntfeld, M.Szawlowski, (ora])SCINT2003 Cnf&ence, almCia. Spain, ep. 2003

COMPARISON OF LACL.,:CE AND NAI(TI-) SCINTILLATORS IN y-RAY SPECTROMETRYM.Balcerzvk, M.Nloszyfiski. M.Kapusta, (oral)SCINT2003 Conl�rence, 1alencia, Spain. Sep. 2003

INTRINSIC RESOLUTION AND LIGHT YIELD NON-PROPORTIONALITY OF BGON01myfiski, M.Balcerzvk, W.Czarnacki, NI.Kapusta, W.Klarnra, A.Syntfeld, M.Szawlowski, (oral)IEE E NSS-MIC 2003, Portland, USA. Oct. 2003

NEW FAST PHOTOMULTIPLIERS WITH A SCREENING GRID AT THE ANODEM.Moszyfiski, M.Kapusta, D.Wolski, N.Balcerzyk, S.O.Flyckt, P.Lavoute, C.Man-nonier. H.Mach, (poster)IEEE NSS-MIC 2003, Portland. US,4, Oct. 2003

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PP0275C HYBRID PHOTODETECTOR AND XP2020Q PHOTOMULTIPLIER INSCINTILLATION DETECTIONNI.Nimyfiski, W.Klamra, D.Wolski, W.Czarnacki, M.Kapusta, M.Balcerzyk, poster)IEEE NSS-MIC 2003, Portland, USA. Oct. 2003

THE LSO/APD ARRAY AS A POSSIBLE DETECTOR FOR IN-BEAM PET N HADRON THERAPYM.Kapusta, P.Crespo, D.Wolski, K.Heidel,.J.PaNvelke, M.Sobiella, A.Trzcifiska, M.Moszyfiski, W.Enghardt, et al., (oral)IEEE NSS-MIC 2003. Portland, USA, Oct. 2003

DRIVING THE LHCB FRONT-END READOUTZ.Guzik, R.Jacobsson and B.Jost, oral)3th IEEE NPSS Real Time Conference 2003, Montreal, Quebec, anada, May 2003

FIRST IN-BEAM PET IMAGING WITH LSO/APD-ARRAY DETECTORSP.Crespo, M.Kapusta, J.Pawelke, M.Moszynski, W.Enghardt, (poster)IEEE NSS-MIC 2003. Portland, USA. Oct. 2003

SCINTILLATION DETECTOR RESEARCH AT THE SOLTAN INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIESN1.1%joszyfiski, (invited talk)Inst)-tunentation and Monte Carlo Methodsjbr Dedicated PET S�ystem VVoi*shop, Rossendod,' Germany anitcuw 31 - ebl-Itarl. 1. 2003

STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE TRENDS OF SCINTILLATION DETECTIONM.Nioszyfiski, (invited talk)IAEA Expert Meeting o te Development o'New Radiation Detectors, Vienna, Austria, August, 2003

WHY STUDY OF NON-PROPORTIONALITY AND ENERGY RESOLUTION ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE FUTURE OFSCINTILLATION DETECTION?M.Momfiski. (invited talk)Non-proportionality light yield o'scintillators tiorkshop, Portkind, USA, Oct. 2003


ELECTRON LINAC APPLICATION FOR DETECTING NUCLEAR MATERIALSNI.Kisiefifiski, T.Kozlowskj, M.Nloszyfiski, J.Pracz and A.Syntfeld, (invited talk)IAEA Meeting on Application qf'Accelei-ators in te Bocii-cling Monitoring, Vienna, Ausll-ia, 8-21 Nov, 2003

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEW SCINTILLATION MATERIALS IN APPLICATION TO THE BORDER DETECTIONEQUIPMENTNI.Mosz,,,fiski and M.Balcerzyk, oral)Resew-ch Cow-clination Meeting ofthe P-oject Improvement o7echnical Measures lo Detec awl Respond to Illicit Ti-a ickill,,, oNuclecu- and other Radioactive Waterials " IA E /1, Vienna, A ustfia, Decembei I - , 2003

PARTICIPATION IN ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARDS, STANDARIZATION ORGANIZATIONS ANDCONFERENCES

M.Moszyfiski - Heading Poster Session on conference IEEE NSS-MIC 2003, Portland, USA

N1.1N,1oszyfiski - Member of Radiation nstrumentation Steering Committee of EEE/NPSS

MAMoszyfiski - Member of Program Committee of IEEE Medical Imaging Conference 2003, Portland, USA

M.Nloszyfiski - Heading te Working Group of Research Coordination Meeting of the Project "Improvement of Technical Measures toDetect and Respond to Illicit Traficking of Nuclear and other Radioactive Materials", IAEA, Vienna, December I - , 2003

N1.iN,1oszyfiski - Member of Advisory Editorial Board of' Nucl. Instr. and Meth A

M.Moszv6ski - Member of Transnational Committee of IEEE/NPSS

Z.Guzik - Member of Working Group No. 173 for nterfaces and 131.1ilding Electronics stems" in Polish Normalization Committee

Z.Guzik - Member of Polish CAMAC Committee

J.Chartiba - Member of' Workin,, Group No. 173 for terfaces and Bilding Electronics Systems" in Polish Normalization Committee

J.Chartiba - Member of Polish CAMAC Committee

J-Charnba - Representative of Polish Normalization Committee in ISO/]EC JTCI/SC25, Interconnection of Information Technololly

PERSONNEL

Research scientistsMarcin Balcerzyk, Dr Zbigniew Guzik, Assoc. Prof.Tadeusz Batsch, Dr Marek Moszyhski, Professor,Stanislaw Borsuk, Eng - Deputy Director of the InstituteJacek Charuba, Ena. till Au-. 3 Jacek Szlachciak, Eng., from July Arkadiusz Chlopik, Eng Dariusz Wolski, Ena

-11 Z11Wieslaw Czarnacki Dr

Technical and administrative staffEu(yeniusz Belcarz, Eno, Krzysztof Le§niewskiAndrzej' Dziedzic Plotr LorenckiUrszula Frlqg 1/2 Michal Plomifiski, EngCezary G6rny Tadeusz SworobowiczMaci Kapusta, MSc. Agnieszka Syntfeld MSc from Oct. IMaciej Kisielifiski Ec,, from May I Krystyna Traczyk, MSc.Krzysztof Kostrzewa Marek Uzdowski, EnIa.Andrzej' Kotlarski Ec, lwona Zawrocka, MSc.

DEPARTMENT OF RADIATION SHIELDING AND DOSIMETRY 69

4 DEPARTMENT OF RADIATION SHIELDING AND DOSIMETRY

Head of Department: Dr. Stanislaw Pszonaphone: (22) 718-05-65 PLO401690e-mail: pszona�ipj.gov.pl

Overview

The esearch activities of the Department in 2003 smilarly to previous year were concentrated o tefollowing tasks:

Ionization cluster formation at the nanometre level;

Radiation Dosimetry for medical purposes;

Numerical modeling of interaction of radiation with matter;

The following activities could be underlined:

Ionization cluster formation at nanometre level: Te new experiment on the ionization cluster formation at�tc, CM2nanornetre level in propane was carried out. The ionization cluster spectra for up to 03 / (3 nm in uit

density scale) have been analysed and compared with MC modeling. The efficiency of an electron multiplier180AF for 3 keV propane and nitrogen ions was carried out. The collaboration under TMR program wth LNLLeanaro was continued.

Radiation dosimetry for medical purposes: Further studies on the use of the rng ionization charnbcr, RIC,for standardising of absorbed dose from beta-radioactive wires used for the endovascular brachytherapy havebeen continued. The new models of RIC for dose uniformity measurements for P-32 radioactive sources used orintravascular brachytherapy were desi'-ned and tested. The shielding effect of the stents on dose dstribution tovascular tissue from a P-32 source has been studied using a Guidant system for ntravascular brachytherapy.Dose distribution to tissue beina in contact with a stent wire were modeled by MC method as well measuredusino GAF chromic films.

Numerical modeling: The numerical calculations for the pr 'ect of an experimental setup for te study oftheelectronuclear method of enerely generation based on the use of a subcritical fast plutonium reactor and 650 MVproton accelerator have been performed.


4.1 Clusters of Ionization in Nanometre Targets for Propaneby A.Bantsar, B.Grosswendtl), J.Kula and S.Pszona PLO401691

Further evidence on te reliability f te device density have been measured. The results ae pesentedcalled the Jet Counter for studyl'nc, the I rmation of in Figure I.The method of deconvolution of theionisation clusters at the nanometre level are measured to true cluster size distributions is alsopresented. The new experimental data on the given. Finally the measured cluster size distributionsdistributions of lonisation cluster size originating i I are compared with modeled distributions based onnm to 4 nm taraet size in propane iradiated by 38 Monte Carlo calculations. The results for propaneMeV alpha particles are described. The Jet Counter, to-ether with previous ones for nitrogen place te JetJC, consists of a pulse-operated valve which n'ects a Counter as an efficient tool foi- the 'nvest'(Yadon ofexpanding 'et of propane into an interaction chamber radiation quality at the nanometre level.1 Z7

where a sensitive volurne in form f a cylinder iscreated. The sensitive volume was radiated by 38 1) Physikallsh Technische Bundesanstalt,MeV alpha particles. The resulting distribution f ionclusters in propane ranaing from I I to 4 nm at unit Braunschweig, Germany

a 101: b 'o' 3.8 M.V-P.Nicle� (P,.P-e) --o-L.P.6"'.03_� WV -Pati.. P.p.n.)

F D 0.25 g/,.': h 0.25,,gl-' Effirie..yD 0 h 0. pg1c., L: Jul/.40%

-o- e.pe,,,em lo' 100%lo't; Eff,-ie,,,y

5091.60%100%

10 2 P.i!;!;.nE.p 10' -

P 1o'-10

lo' lo'

lo'loI A

lo lo'

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

cluster size v cluster size v

c lo' d lo'-3.8 MeV .-P.,tirls (Pr.p.,,e) 3.8 MeV -patide� (P,.'a,,e) -D 0.37 g/,.'. h 0.37,,gf..' Effic,.,,cy D 0.1 gl-': h 0.1 1 g/_2

30%40% I I I I

lo' 100% lo' Deco,,,,Poisso,,Bp ercy

-A- 100%

10 lo-' A

CL-0 lo'

IL_4

lo' lo' 'X

10 10

1117 i-

W lo'0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

cluster size v cluster size

Fig. 1 Frequency distribution spectra for different diameters of sensitive volume irradiated by 3.8 MeV alpha particles. Open circle -

experimental spectra, solid circles and squares Monte Carlo calculations for different ion detector efficiencies, stars - Poisson distribution,

full triangle -calculated true distribution of ionization Custers. Te deconvoluted measured distribution is shown in d as solid circles points.

DEPARTMENT OF RADIATION SHIELDING AND DS1METRY 7

4.2 Efficiency of an Ion Detector for Propane and Nitrogen Ions PLO401692by J.Kula

The efficiency of the ion detector used in Jet PropaneCounter is the basic parameter wich influences the 1,0 U3200

shape of the signal spectra and must be known. 0,8 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - U3000�.Therefore, a set up for studying the efficiency of the U2800 I0,6 - - - - - -used discrete channel electron multiplier type

0,4 - - - - - - - --AF] 80IG was assembled and is presented in Fg. 1.

0,2

0,0zi 0 50 P[Torr] 100 150

C.m. 1,

10t. I1(�T- Z Fig. 2 Absolute counting efficiency foi- propane ions vs aspressure(ion flux) for AF 180 IG nr 18733.

Nitrogen

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---A- U

(h, c. ...... :r 0,6 -Vi .0

i 0.4 -L viTURBOTUMP 0,2 -

Fig. I Set up for measuring the COUnting efficicney of the ion 0 detector. 0 50 P[Torr] 100 150

Fig. 3 Absolute counting efficiency for nitro-en ions vs asThe special ion source has been constructed with pressure (ion flux) foi- AF 1'80 IG ni- 18733.

controlled yield has zoomed nsct in F. 1. Theefficiency of the AF180IG detector ws studied as a 0,8function of hh voltaue for dferent source yields,before being installed in t nanornetric experiment. 0.6 -

(DThe results ae shown in Figs 24. 0,4 -

The absolute efficiency of single propane and 0,2 - - - - --- - - - - - -- - - --nitro-en ions depends strongly on accelerating HV

0potential as seen in Figure 4. Special attention hasbeen aven to the reproducibility of the efficiency 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 330011measurements. The reproducibility of the esults were HV, V

05 i Fig. 4 Absolute counting efficiency for propane ions vs appliedaround I% for a source yield of I ions/s. potential with constant ion flux for AF 180 IG nr 18733.

4.3 Accelerator Driven Transmutation Systemsby A.Pola6ski PLO401693

The principles of Accelerator Dven Sstems problem of nuclear waste transmutation. Different(ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste and energy approaches and methods to dispose of te asteZ,ion are presented [I]. It Is te most important isotopes co 'dered as harmful because of' hghproduct' nsitopic today in accelerator and reactor physics, which is radioactivity, migration in biosphere and level oftheirunder nvestigations in many countries. There are a lot influence are discussed. Electronuclear installationsof proposed pr 'ects on the development of the ADS (El), which generate proton induced intense fluxes ofsystems. but there is still no practical mplementat' ns with subsequent multiplication in fissileof the idea. medium, are considered as a safe method to transmute

Main components of ADS include a high-intensity nuclear waste.accelerator delivering a proton beam of 5 to 20 MW The accepted conceptual design of thepower, a sub-critical reactor core with a spoliation experimental Subcritical. Assembly in Dubna (SAD) istar-et, and chemical reprocessing filities. There are based on the core of a nominal unit capacity of 20 kWno such accelerators available, and no technolocnes of (thermal). This corresponds to the multiplicationneeded sub-critical reactors developed. Thus the coefficient keff = 095 and accelerator beam powerexperimental ADS are projected at existing I kW. A sub-critical assembly driven with the existinc,accelerators. The review 21 is devoted to an actual 660 MeV proton accelerator at the Joint Institute or


Nuclear research (JINR) in Dubna has been modelled [11 A.Polanski, Accelerator Driven Transmutationin order to make choice of optimal parameters or te Systems, The 4th Conference on Nuclear andexperimental set-up. Dferent combinations f t Particle Physics, 1 - Oct. 2003, Fayourn, Egypttarget, fuel and reflector materials have been [21 S.A.Bznuni, V.S.Barashenkov,..., A.Polafiski,considered. Some of the calculation results a A.N.Sosnin, et al., Perspectives ofelectro-nuclcarpresented [ 1 2. systems, J. of Part. Phys. and Nucl. Phys., V.34,

NrA, 2003, Dubna, Russia

4.4 Monte Carlo Modeling of Parameters of a Sub Critical Cascade Reactor Based onMolten Salt and Liquid Metal Technologies

OD by A.Polafiski

0'IT The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate a reactors are considered as the main power poduction0 new full scale electronuclear systern consistina of zone.

-cr' which s usedcascade sub deal zones: fast reactoi I Jas a booster, and a thermal liquid-metal eactors, where [1] S.Bznuni and A.Polanski, Monte Carlo model][110most of the energy is released [1 2. Reactors of the of parameters of a sub critical cascade reactortype MSBR I 00, and CANDU-6 are considered. The based on molten salt and liquid metalsystems consi -ed, functioning n the safe regi technologies, The Intern. Workshop on P&T ad(kff = 094-0.98), possess much higher maximurn C,ADS Development, Mol Belgium), Oct. 68,power in the entire range of keff than similar systems 2003without an intermediate fst booster eactor. At the in [2] S.A.Bznuni, V.S.Barashenkov, ... , A.Polafiski.same time, high neutron flux with both fst and A.N.Sosnin, A.H.Khudaverdyan, et al., Bireactorthermal zones nuclear wastes can be efficiently Electronuclear Systems with Liquid Cadmiumtransmuted, decreasing the required proton current in Valve, Atomnaya Energia, 2003, V.94, Nr.2the beam by approximately a ftor of 10. This isespecially important when the molten salt thermal

4.5 First Experiments with a Large Uranium Blanket within the Installation "EnergyPlus Transmutation" Exposed to 1.5 GeV Protonsby A. Polafiski

LO0)

(O The irst experiment usin a arge U/Pb assembly low-Z moderating materials have been included and0 (lead target plus 103.2 kc, natural uranlurn blanket) cadmium shield is protecting the assembly fiom0 exposed to 1.5 GeV proton beams was carried out in reflected thermal neutrons.

November 1999. It is a start towards the constructionof a full scale setup to study two aspects ofaccelerator

5 Ondriven systems (ADS) at the Synchrophaso-

'47

tron/Nuclotron complex at the Laboratory of HighEneraies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR),Dubna, Russia: the energy production andtransmutation of radioactive waste usino, relativisticprotons. The Dubna Cascade Model in its version 1EDCM-CEM was employed to calculate the neutron PrOt ..... .....

spectrum at dfferent positions of the target system...........Three aeometrical positions alone, the beam direction <

-IT ............. ...... ......were chosen for this calculation at a circle of 75 rn.......... ......... ............. .distance from the central axis. The dependence of' the

neutron spectra on the length in the upstream position Neut-1 n ovr, IcV

of the first section of the blanket was calculated forthree values of the traversed distance. The calculated Fig. I Calculated neutron spectrum for te U/Pb assembly in the

neutron spectra are shown in the fure in absolute plan, of the central detector plates. The positions of the Pb target,the U blanket and the three detector plates are shown in te lower

terms of n/cm /proton. One observes in this set-up an part of this figure.

exceedingly hard neutron spectrum as practically no


4.6 Neutron Spectra Emitted from the Lead Target Irradiated by 660 MeV Protonsby A.Polafiski

Preliminary experimental results the StUdy ( (O

the distribution of neutrons emitted at 60 dea. fron- a 0lead tar-et exposed to a 660 MeV poton bam arepresented. 0

WI The esults of the neutron spectrurn measurementare shown in figure I (by open ccles).

Tz One can see a qualitative areement betweenexperimental data and those calculated wt teGEANT code (solid line). However, the experimentaleri are large. We expect to continue ourmeasurement and to educe the experimental errors

Fig. I Energy spectrum of fast neutrons emitted at 60 dg. fro a the future experiments.7 Ilead extended target. Open ircles-experinient esults. histogram-

GEANT simulation.

4.7 Influence of the Metallic Stent Component on Dose Distribution for32PBrachytherapy Wire Source PLO401697by K.Wincel, B.Zar�ba

The pesence of a stent is one of the reasons of the Maximum electron energy emitted by te source isdose perturbation in intravascular brachytherapy 1.710 MeV. Geometric model used for MCNPprocedure. The MCNP - A General Monte Carlo calculations is schematically presented in Fig. 1.N-Particle Transport Code [11 with the MCNPDAT 6.00E-01

cross-sections library 21 has been used to calculate5.50E-01 stent

the absorbed dose profiles in soft tissue with and IV�5,00E-01 without stent32without stent compound for P brachytherapy wire

source. The Monte Carlo method is considered to be> .COE-.1

one of the most accurate techniques r simulation of. 3.50E.01

radiation transport. To simulate electron transport, the E3.OOE.01

MCNP Monte Carlo code uses t so-calledcondensed history" technique, where a large number 2.50E-01

2.00E-011of collisions are grouped toorether into a single step,I:, .15 0.11, 0.17 0.'8 0`9 0.2 0.21 0.22 0.23

that is andomly sampled. The code has te advantage R [r.]

of being able to model 3-D eometry Te 32p source Fig. 2 The radial dose rate profiles ill Soft tissue with and withoutmetallic stent component.

was modeled accordin'- to the details included in thepaper issued by ENEA Instituto di Radioprotezione[3]. The electron energy spectrum emitted by 32 P 1,OOE,00

source was taken from ICRU Report 56 [5].

0 4- R 1,6 M R 1, 8 R 200 X R2CL 12 )K R 1,55 0 R 19

oil 0.. ............... ..... ... 0 - 0- R 2,1

1,OOE-01 iP-32 so,1 16. idat \1 13,5 13,7 13.9 14,1 14.3 14,5

�Oft ti's ... St /, e... . ...... Z (mm]

................. ..

Fig. 3 The Z-axis dose rate profiles for radial distances 1.55, .60�",Water1.70, 1.80, 190 20, 210 and 220 m in soft tissue in case of................... R.......... metallic stent component presence.L-d-

The modeled beta radiation source corresponds toVACL-�UM 32cathered-based P endovascular brachytherapy Surce

Fig. I R-Z section of eometrical model used for dose rate wire produced by Guidant Company 4 The ctive31profiles calculations. part of the cylindrical -P source is 27 mrn in ngth


and 024 mm in diameter and is encapsulated in a NITI [1] J.F.Briemelster, MCNP - A General Monte Carlotube. The NTi tube wall thickness is 0076 mm. The N-Particle Transport Code, Version 4C, Losouter diameter of the source we is 0.46mm A Alamos National Laboratory, CCC-700, 2000tunasten wire marker with dimensions of I rnrn In [2] MCNPDATA-Standard Neutron, Photon andlenath and 025 mm in diameter is dstal to active Electron Data Libraries for MCNP4C, Lossource and NIT] puo, is welded into the dstal end of Alamos National Laboratory, DLC-200, 2000the wire cavity. The source wire is centrally positioned [3] "Intercomparlson on the Usage of Computational

Codes'n Radiation Dosimetry", ENEA, Bologna,within blood artery. The 2 mm thick arterial wall filled I I I Iwith soft tissue of inside adius 1.5 mm is surrounded Italy, 2002by water. Tori are introduced as volurnetric detectors [41 International Commission on Radiation Units andfor tallying the energy deposition. Figure 2 shows a Measurments - Report 56 Dosimetry of Externalcomparison of the radial dose distribution at the Beta Rays for Radiation Protection, 107, Jan.middle central plane with and without the metallic 1997, USAstent component. As shown in Figure 3 the dose [5] Certificate for Sealed Radioactive Source,reductions due to the presence of the metallic stent Guidant Corp. model number GDT-P-32, serialcomponent are found to be hgher then 20%. number 0 1 0404008



INFLUENCE OF STENT STRUTS, QUIDE WIRE AND CALCIUM DEPOSIT ON DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS INBRACHYTHERAPY OF CORONARY ARTERIES WITH P-32 LINEAR SOURCES.11'szona, W.ffillski, C.Kqpka, A.Witkowski, K.Wincel, B.ZarebaRadiotherapy ad Oncology 0, 1(2003)84

THE SHIELDING EFFECT OF A GUIDE WIRE DURING BRACHYTHERAPY OF CORONARY ARTERIES WITH P32LINEAR SOURCES.Pszona, W.Bulski, C.Kqpka, A.WitkowskiRadiotheral)-y ced ncolog 6,1(2003)37

ELECTRONUCLEAR SYSTEMS WITH LIQUID CADMIUM VALVES.A.Bznuni, V.S.Barashenkov, V.M.Zhanikochyan. A.Polafiski, A.N.Sosnin, A.H.KliudaverdyanAtoinnava Energia 94,2(2003)55

NEUTRON SPECTRA EMITTED FROM THE LEAD TARGET IRRADIATED BY 660MEV PROTONSD.A.Arkhipkin, V.S.Buttsev,.- A.Polafiski_., R.Ya.Zulkarneev, Yu.R.Zulkarneeva, et al.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A505(2003)397

FIRST EXPERIMENTS WITH A LARGE URANIUM BLANKET WITHIN THE INSTALLATION "ENERGY PLUSTRANSMUTATION" EXPOSED TO 1.5 GeV PROTONSM.L.Kfivopustov, D.ChUltem, J.Adam, V.G.KaHnnikov, A.V.Pavliouk, V.P.Perelygin, A.Polafiski et al.Kenitechnik 68, ](2003)48

THE SHIELDING EFFECT OF A GUIDE WIRE DURING BRACHYTHERAPY SESSION WITH P-32 SOURCEC.Kepka, S.Pszona, W.Bulski and A.WitkmvskiCardiovascular Radicitioti Medicine 3 3200-3)205

PERSPECTIVES OF ELECTRONUCLEAR SYSTEMSS.A.Bznuni, V.S.Barashenkov, V.M.Zhamkochyan. A.Polafiski, A.N.Sosnin, A.H.KhticlaverdyanJournal of'Particle Phiwics ad Nuclear Phvsics, 34,4(2003)

SKUTECZNO�� WEWNATRZN/\CZYNIOWEJ 13R-ACHYTERAPII W LECZENIU RESTENOZY W STENCIE U CHORYCHNA CUKRZYC�A.Witkowski,..., W.Bulski, A.Kulik, S.Pszona, W.RL12.�'Ilo. et al.Folici Cardiolo-ica 10 22003)127

KOIORAJONIZACYJNA DO OMIARU DANATKI POCHLONIETEJB.Kocilk, S.Pszona, EjaworskaBizilelyn UrZqdu Patenlowego 14. 771(2003)35

CLUSTERS OF IONIZATION AT NANOMETRE TARGETS IN PROPANE- EXPERIMENT WITH JET COUNTERA.Bantsar, B. Grosswendt, J.Kula nd S.11szonaRad. Prot. Dsimetry, in press)

EXPERIMENTAL EQUIVALENT CLUSTER DISTRIBUTION IN NANOMETRIC VOLUMES OF LIQUID WATERB.Grosswendt, L.DeNardo, P.Colautti. S.Pszona, V.Conte, G.TomielliRad. Prot. Dosimetry (hi press)

A NOVEL IONIZATION CHAMBER FOR INTRAVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPYS.Pszona, K.Winccl, B.ZarVba W.Bulski, M.Kawczynska, C.Kepka and A.Witkowski,Nuct. Inst. Meth A in press)

A NEW APPROACH FOR STANDARDIZING ABSORBED DOSE FROM BETA RADIOACTIVE WIRES USED FORINTRAVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPYS.11'szona, B.Kocik, K.Wincel, B.Zaqba, W.BulskiProc. fIllt, N'111/)OSI.U111. Oil standards nd codes ot'Practice i Medical Radiation Dosimetry Vienna IAEA -CN96-88P. in press)

MCNP DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS CALCULATIONS FOR P-32 BRACHYTHERAPY WIRE SOURCEK.Wince, B.ZarVbaProc. Woi-ksliol)-Ilitercoiiil)cii-isoii on Uv(i,,,,e qfComputational Codes in Radiation Dosimetry, Bologna-Italy.hily 4, 2003,(in prcss)

ANGIOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF RECURRENT IN-STENT RESTENOSIS FOLLOWING INTRAVASCULARBRACHYTHERAPY DOES NOT CORRELATE WITH DELIVERED DOSE. A STUDY WITH DOSE VOLUMEHISTOGRAMSA.Witkowski...., A.Kulik. C.Kqpka, N4.Kruk, T.DeptLICII, J.Owczarczyk, S.Pszona, W.Ru2yllo, et al.Cardiovascular Radiation Medicine i press)



NANODOSIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS ADVANCES AT SOLTAN INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIESS.Pszona, (oral)VVorkshop o Nanoclosimetry: statits oart.. Legnaro, Italy, I 718 Nov. 2003

CHARACTERISTICS OF TIN ANTI-N/IULTIPACTOR LAYERS REACHED BY TITANIUM VAPOR DEPOSITION ONALUMINA COUPLER WINDOWSJ.Lokiewicz, T.Fadinaj.Kula, S.Pszona, A.Bilinski, J.Sobczak, Z.YL1 (oral)II"' Workshop On RSuperconductivity, Trairenlifilde. Germany. SeIn 812. 2003

CLUSTERS OF IONIZATION AT NANOMETRE TARGETS IN PROPANE- EXPERIMENT WITH JET COUNTERA.Bantsar, B.Grosswcndt, J.Kula ad S.Pszona poster)9 Synilmsitun o Newron Dosimetrv, Delfi, 77ie Netherland.y. Sept.2 - ct.3,2003

THE SHIELDING EFFECT OF A GUIDE WIRE DURING BRACHYTHERAPY SESSION WITH P-32 SOURCES.Pszona, W.Bulski, C.Kcpk-a, A.Witkowski, (poster)ESTRO III Brachytheral)y Meeting, bibeka. Germany. May 15 -I 7,2003, Radiotheral)v and Oncology vol. 68 37

WPLYW PROWADNIKA WEWNATRZWIENCOWEGO I/LUB STENTU NA DYSTRYBUCJE DAWKI DOSTARCZONF:.) WCZASIE BRACHYTERAP11 PROMIENIAMI BETAC.Kepka, S.11szona, W.BUIski, A.Witkowski, oral)VII Miedzi-narodowv Kongres Plskiego Towarzvviva Kardiologicznego. 11 -13 ivrzesieh 2003, Kardiologia Polska

CZY GRUBO�� BLASZKI MIA;�DZYCOWF.l ISTOTNIE WPLYWA NA DAWKL,� DOsTARCZONA kv C7ASII-:BRACHYTERAPII RODLEM BETA')C.Kepka, K.Wincel, S.Pszona, A.Witkowski, B.ZarVba, oral)VII MiecIz.vnarodovv.v Kongres Polskieg Twarz.vsiwa Karcliologicznego 1-13 wrzesiefi 2003, Kardiologa Polska

MCNP DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS CALCULATIONS FOR P-32 BRACHYTHERAPY WIRE SOURCE QUADOS P2ENDOVASCULAR RADIOTHERAPY PROBLEMK.Wincel, B.Zaqba, (oral)Workshol -Infercomliarison o Usage ofCompittational Codes i Rdiation Dosimetry, Bologna, Italy, Jul�v 14-16, 2003

THE SHIELDING EFFECT OF THE GUIDE WIRE DURING CORONARY BRACHYTHERAPY WITH P-32 SOURCEC.Kqpka, S.Pszona, W.BUlsk-i and A.Witkowski, poster)Cardiovascular Revascularization 71iei-aj)y. �Vashington UA. 26-29 Janttall,-, 2003

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF REACTION RATES INSIDE AND NEXT THE SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCEW.Pohorecki, T.Horwaclk. J.Janczyszyn, S.Taczanowski, I.V.Mirokhin, Molokanov, A.Polafiski, (oral)The XI International Seminar on Intemc-timi o Neitti-ons north Nuclei, Dtbiia. Russia, May, 2003

DEVELOPMENT OF QN1ID MODELS FOR MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF ELECTRO-NUCLEAR PROCESSESA.Polafiski, V.Uzhinski, oral)lVorkshol) Review oADS R&D At-fivilies" 26-29 May. 2003, Minsk, Byelorussia

RESIDUAL NUCLIDE PRODUCTION INDUCED BY NEUTRONS AND PROTONSBETWEEN 20 AND 200 MEV N FRAMEWORK OF THE QMD MODELA.Polafiski, V.Uzhinsky, M.Baznat, (oral)Workshop on Nuclear Dataft)r he Transmutation o'Nitclear Waste GSI-Darmstadt, Germany, Selwinber 1-5. 2003

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN TRANSMUTATION SYSTEMSA.Polafiskil (oral)The 4h Con rence o Nuclear find Particle Phvsics. 11 -15 Oct., 2003, Favown, Eg),I)t

MONTE CARLO MODELING OF PARAMETERS OF A SUBCRITICAL CASCADE REACTOR BASED ON MOLTEN SALTAND LIQUID METAL TECHNOLOGIESS.A.Bznuni, and A.Polafiski, (oral)The International �Vorkshol) on P&TandADS Dvelolmient, Ml, Bel,"iton, Ctobel-6-8,2003

PARTICIPATION IN SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES OF CONFERENCES

9 Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry, Delft. Sept. 28 - Oct. 3 2003S.Pszona, Session chairman

40' Conference on Nclear and Particle Physics, Fayourn Eypt, Oct. I I - 5, 2003A.Polafiski, Session chairman


PERSONNEL

Research scientistsJacek Kula, MSc. Krzysztof Wincel, MSc.Aleksander Polafiski, Dr, on leave until Dec. 2002 Barbara Zarqba, MSc.Stanislaw Pszona, Dr.

PhD studentsAleksander Bantsar, MSc.

Technical and administrative staffAdam DudzifiskiE12bleta Jaworska

DEPARTMENT OF PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 79

5 DEPARTMENT OF PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY

Head of Department: Prof. Marek J. Sadowskiphone: (22) 718-05-36e-mail: msadowski�ipj.gov.pl PLO401698

Overview

In 2003. research activities in Dept. P-V embraced te continuation of previous studies in the field of hgh-temperature plasma physics and controlled nuclear fusion. Some new investigations were developed, particularlyin the field of plasma technology. The main topics of the esearch activities were as follows:

1. Selected problems of plasma theory-2. Investigation of plasma phenomena in pulse dscharges of the Plasma-Focus (PF) and Z-Pinch tpe;3. Development of selected methods of.'plasma dagnostics;4. Research o experimental fcilities for basic studies and industrial applications;5. Modification of material surfaces by means of pulsed plasma-ion streams.Theoretical studies concerned the numerical modelin- of discharges in a coaxial plasma accelerator of te

IPD type. The modification of a 2-D model concerned mainly a plasma flow alone, the current sheath Surface.

taking into consideration the development o'Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, Several series of cornputations wreperformed and different parameters of te system were determined.

As for experimental studies, we studied plasma phenomena wich occur in high-current dscharges of PF andZ-Pinch type. Measurements of pulsed electron beams, and their correlation with other plasma phenomena. ,vercperformed within the MAJA-PF device in Swierk and PF-1000 facility at IPPLM in Warsaw. Use was ade of'Cerenkov-type detectors and magnetic analyzers. It was confirmed that separate e-beams are enerated indifferent hot-spots, and the electron energy spectrum ranges up to several hundreds keV (i.e. above the inter-electrode voltaue during the adial collapse phase). We also presented papers presenting results previousresearch on polarization of X-ray lines rnitted from the pinch column. Experimental studies of hgh-temperatureplasma were also carried out within the PF-360 facility in Swierk. Several papers, describing the most mportantcharacteristics of this device and results of research on plasma dynamics and anisotropy of the on ad neutron-emission, were published. Particular attention was paid to temporal changes in anisotropy of the usion nutronemission.

Another experimental aim was the development of plasma diagnostic techniques. In collaboration with Dept.P-1 at IPJ and HIL at Warsaw University, the results of calibration measurements of nuclear track detectors(NTD) of the PM-355 type, as performed for energetic sulfur- and argon-ions, were elaborated and published.The calibration diagrams were used foi- dentification of heavy ions emitted from a laser-plasma experimentcarried out within the PALS facility in Prague. We also summarized results of previous research on te nfluenceof electromaunetic and electron radiation on NTD characteristics. Another diagnostic aim was the applicatio oftime-resolved optical spectroscopy to study dynamics of plasma-ion streams and te nteraction of such streamswith different solid samples. Particular attention was paid to spectroscopic measurements in the PF-360 facility.The data obtained were analyzed in collaboration with KIPT in Kharkov, and the most mportant results werepresented at conferences in Kiev, St. Petersburg and Warsaw. Some efforts were devoted to studies of dfferentoperational modes of the RPI-IBIS device. The results were reported at the Minsk conference. In November2003 sries of spectroscopic measurements was performed within the PF-1000 facility in Warsaw.

In the frame of technological studies, the collaboration with Dept. PIX was devoted to changes in ceramicsamples (Al-,03) under their bombardment by pulsed plasma-ion streams. In collaboration with KIPT in Kharkovwe nvestigated reversible aetters of hydrogen (based on Zr55V40Fe5 alloys). It was shown that such etters canproduce a plasma shielding layer. This is of importance for the construction of fusion eactors walls. A veryimportant aim was research on the use of ultra-high-vacuum arc dscharges for the deposition of' tinsuperconductor (Nb) layers upon RF accelerator cavities. In the frame of the collaboration wth Tor-VergataUniversity in Rome and DESY in Hamburcl, we performed experimental studies of the optimization o.' tedeposition process ith the use of planar- and cylindrical-cathodes. Due to the reduction of the arc current adan ncreased temperature of the samples, the amount of deposited micro-droplets was reduced and the recordvalue RRR = 0 was obtained. Other studies of plasma-ion techniques for material engineering were performedin collaboration with Dept. PIX another chapter of this report).

The most important achievements of Dept. P-V in 2003 were as follows: 1. The development of' tirne-resolved optical spectroscopy for studies of plasma in different experimental facilities (IBIS, PF-360 and PF-1000) and determination of important plasma parameters; 2 Investigation of the influence of aamma- andelectron-radiation on characteristics of nuclear track detectors, as well as the use of such detectors for ionmeasurements in different experiments; 3.,The deposition of thin superconducting layers upon samples wthinUHV-arc devices (operated in Rome and Swierk) and the obtaining of the record RRR = 80 value. Tis sowsthe possibility of useing this technique for the production of superconducting layers upon surfaces of' RFaccelerator cavities.

so Annual Report 2003

5.1 Computational Studies of Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities in the IPD CoaxialAccelerator

(O by M.Rabihski, KZdunekl)O

0During the impulse plasma deposition (IPD) which is deposited during the surface engineeringC,

process a plasma-ion stream is acnerated in the process.w o rk in g a s d u e to a h ig h -v o lta ue h ig h -c u rre n t p u lse .............. .... ......... .... . .... .. ............. ........ ....................... ...... ... ... .. ..... ... ................. .... .C=11 OOVq:�,� U=6W, p=40Ra.. .............discharge. It is initiated within an inter-electrode R.y1,.k:#, T.yf., W-M- biNty

reuion of a coaxial accelerator [1]. Such a plasmadischarge can be applied f - the synthesis ofamorphous and nano-structured high-melting,materials in the form of thin layers, which can be R-7 -tat:flity

deposited upon different substrates. The coatingsmade of diamond, titanium nitride, multi-componentmetallic alloys and aluminum oxide, have beenobtained by mplementing this technique in materialsurface enaineering

t, 1-11For the computational modeling of IPD dscharges,

a two-dimensional snow plow model has been applied[2], as a relatively simple, but accurate approximationof a current sheath driven by the Lorentz force. Thedeveloped self-consistent model combines thedescription of an eectric circuit with the plasmacharacteristics (resistance and inductance), as well asthe balance of magnetic- and fluid-pressures at thecontact interface, depending on the condenser bankparameters and the plasma outflow alon te current !A.,_

sheath. .. . ... . ........ ...... .....During numerical simulations we found Fig. 1 Temporal evolution of the current sheath inside the PD

experimental conditions favorable for Rayleigh-Taylor accelerator (a and b). Radial and axial distance are expressed in cm,instability formation. It was confirmed that the the sheath position is plotted with 1ps intervals. Plot c shows tebalance of the magnetic- and fluid-pressures at the distribution of a plasma density along the current sheath layer.current sheath creates conditions necessary for ts

instability development. [1] M.SokolowskiA.SokolowskaJ.Cryst.GrowtliThe process of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability 57(1982)185

creation and evolution has been studied in detail. [2] M.Rabifiski, K.Zdunek, Vacuum 48(1997)715Some results of the computations ae shown in Fg. 1.

structure of the IPD pinch region seems to be

important for the phase composition of a material Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

.2 Studies of the Emission of Electromagnetic and Corpuscular Radiation within thePF-type Discharges; Participation in the PF-1000 Experiment

0 by L.Jakubowski, M.J.Sadowski, A.Banaszak and M.Scholzl)0

0 Recently we studied of pulsed electron beams which are emitted mostly along the z-axis in thewithin two different facilities: MAJA-PF 45-0 device upstream direction, contain low-eneray (about several

1] (operated at PJ in Swierk) and PF-1000 facility keV) elections as well as hiGh energy (above 500 keV)[2] (operated at IPPLM in Warsaw). Use was made o electron bunches. Individual ,hot-spots" can bedifferent diagnostic techniques, e. (�erenkov-type identified as local sources producing different e-beamsdetectors equipped with special crystal radiators of nergy within relatively narrow bands. During a(enabling time-resolved studies) and miniature sin-le PF discharge the ,hot-spots", which are formedmaunetic spectrometers enablin tme-integrated and successively along the x-axis, can emit e-beams ofantime-resolved measurements). average energy value different for each "hot-spot".

The results obtained within the MAJA-PF device The experimental results suggest that the electronbeams can also be responsible for anisotropy tecan be summarized as follows: The pulsed e-beams,


velocity distribution function. This means tat they plasma pinch column. In such a case strong localcan induce the polarization ot ' some Xay spectral electric fields might be responsible for the accelerationlines. of the observed electron beams. The above statement

7-w 1.0XVert 0.2X H- d by the observation that the high-energyN limit of the electron nergy spectrum in the PF-1000

experiments amounts to about 300 keV (see Fig I adit is considerably hgher than the voltage applied to theelectrodes, while eventual over-volta(yes ae strongly50 keVdamped by the dscharge circuit.

100 kev

[1] L.Jakubowsk],M.J.Sadowskl;Braz.J.Phys.3'-?I300 keV ](2002)187

[2] M.Scholz, et al., IEEE Trans. on Plasma Sci. 30,Ichi 1 a C. V",� 2 30,1, A,,,: _f 2.05 2(2002)476

Fig. Time-resolved electron-induced signals, as easured in thePF-1000 xperiment for electrons f different energies. o a Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasercomparison tere is also sown te fsion nutron signal. Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland

In PF-1000 experiments, no distinct hot-spots were collaboration with IPPLM in Warsaw, Polandobserved, but the observed short electron pulses couldbe produced by micro-instabilities formed within te

PLO401701

5.3 Research on Peculiar Features of Plasma-focus Discharges within PF-360 Facility

and Summary of Studies of the Ion-emission from Different Plasma-focus Devicesby J1ebrowski, K.Czaus, M.J.Sadowski, M.Paduch'), K.Tomaszewskil)

In 2003, wthin the fi-ame Of Studies f dense A detailed analysis of experimental data, asmagnetized plasmas, the previous research on peculiar collected during previous studies of Ion emission infeatures of plasma-focus discharges in the PF-360 different dense plasma-focus devices operated t tefacility was summarized. A new paper wth a detailed IPJ in wierk, was also performed. The ostanalysis of the known experimental results was important result of the ion time-intearated studies, asprepared [1]. This paper presented also ecent studies carried out within the PGN and PF-360 devices, wasof plasma-focus discharge dynamics and the demonstration of the local minimum in the astCmeasurements of anisotropy coefficients of DD- deuteron angular distribution close to the PF dischargereaction neutrons, as performed under different axis.

experimental conditions. Some discrepancy in We observed relatively low values of' thedimensions of a pinch column, as recorded in visible maximum deuteron energy (about 500 keV), te astradiation and in soft X-rays, was observed. The Xray angular spreading of the Iemitted deuteron beams. andpictures, which were taken with soft Xay framing a scmall spatial shift (by 10- 150) in the maximum ofthemodules, showed also some helical structures see reaction proton distribution.Fia I

A Bdi/dt U

VR ED

N NXs

SX 1 SX#2 ED Xii1.3

0 ns At= 15 ns Integration Mode Xs L

1.3

Fig. 1 X-ray pictures taken for a sin-,le PF-360 discharge by XH IR Jmeans of te SXFM module equipped with 5-pm-thick Ps-foil filter.The experiment was carried Out at Uo = 30 kV, E, = 113 U, p, = Fig.2 Typicaltime-resolvedsi-nalsobtainedfi-oni(A)MAJA-PF6.05 hPa D, 4 Ar, and Y = 12 x 109. and (B) PF-360 facility. The traces were recorded for PF sots

performed: (A) at p,,= 17 rnbar D2, E,,= 44 U B) at 1,= 46 nibarThe time-of-life of the dense pinch structure in PF- D,, E,,= 113 U, Y,,= 98 x 109. otations: U - voltage, di/dt - crrent

360 facility was estimated to be 20-25 is. The neutron derivative, VR - visible radiation, N - ard X-rays and eutrons ED

flux density in the side-on direction could be - ebeam signal (from Cerenkov detector), Xs ad Xi, - sol' adhard Xays, o IL" and IR" - ion si(,nals from scintillation

increased, when an additional planar target (with a detectors placed at different positions.

DO-Ice layer) was applied.


The time-resolved measurements showed that [11 J.Zebrowski, M.J.Sadowski, K.Czaus, ... , et al.,during the PF discharge te ion pulse is relatively accepted for publication in Czech. J. Phys. 2004)short and usually appears close to te aximum [2] J.Zebrowski, M.J.Sadowski; Proc. Intern. Conf'.compression, but sometimes it can start 40-80 ns on Plasma Research and Applications PLASMA-earlier. The correlation measurements of te pulsed 2003, Warsaw, Poland, Sept. 2003ion-beams with e-bearns Xays and neutron signalsdelivered more information about a sequence of Institute of Plasma Physics and Laserphenomena occurring during the PF dscharges - see Microfusion, Warsaw, PolandFia 2.

collaboration with IPPLM in Warsaw, Poland

5.4 Research on the Influence of Additional Targets on the Emission of X-rays andC14 Neutrons from Fusion Reactions D-D in PF-type Devices; Participation in PF-10000

Experiment*)O g2 2)by M.Scholzl), M.J.Sadowski, A.Szyd1owskI, P.Kube and J.Kravarik0

In the PF-1000 fcility we studied te interaction sometimes surrounded by so-called spiral structures,of a current sheath (CS) with chosen targets. Tey and it ranges along the electrode axis) up a distance

C, C,were placed at the end of te inner eectrode, at te z- even twice larger than the initial length ofthe we.axis, so that the CS layer collided with te targetsurface during the adial collapse pase [ 1 21. Use was 2 4 6 cmmade of 2 different taracts tn wres made ofaluminum or carbon (of 100-200 pm in diameter andseveral cm in length) and cylindrical targets made ofagar (R 5 rnrn x 20 rnrn). The ain airn ofmeasurements was to nvestigate the influence of suchtareets on the dscharae, and to learn more about

0-0- t,- 0.067 f (Mprocesses which occur in the targets at the nteractionof the CS layer. In the experiments performed we shot 21 6determined a target spraying degree (thickness of thevaporized layer) and ionization states the charaedparticles born by that process. The vaporization and dildt

ionization of hard materials by a plasma is ofimportance for refueling of future fusion reactors(tokamaks), e.g. by the injection of deuterium icemicro-targets (pellets). We also nvestigated the soft PIN diode

soft X-raysX-rays emission, which was due to the nteraction ofthe CS laser with the target. The implosion of thm-walled cylinders (so-called liners) within large Z-

hard X-rays PMT 70 mpinch type filities has appeared a very efective neutrons

method of an exchan(,c of electrical energy intointense pulses ofsoft Xays of energy up to 2 MJ. 2,0 2,5

In the PF-1000 facility, to perform soft Xays t t t [Ps]measurements we applied PIN diodes,, a spectrometer Fig. I High-speed VR camera itures taken at three differentwith a curved crystal (LIP t10 A), a razing times after the current dip upper images) and typical traces of ainci __ arid spectrometer (LIP t 10 nrn), ad d1/dt signal, soft X-rays and fusion neutrons measured at a distancemicro-channel plates (operated with about 3ns of 7 in from the plasma focus). The data were taken whi te

PF I 00 experiment, for a elatively good" shot at p, = 4 hPa D2,exposition) which ecorded soft Xay Images formed loll.behind small diaphragms (pinholes). We also took Uo = 33 kV, 1.7 MA, Y., 12 x

taroet pictures in the visible radiation, by means f Moreover, it was substantial that using the aridfast frame- and smear-cameras. Pulses of fst neutrons spectrometer) spectral lines of ions from Al VI up towere recorded with silver-activation counters and (as a Al XII were recorded. Also important was fnding thatfunction of time) with scintillation detector probes. the soft X-ray emission from the target appears about

The most important results rom the PF-1000 200 ns earlier than the emission of X-rays andfacility have been the province that the interaction of neutrons from a plasma focus. We observed that tethe CS layer with the wire-target produces a plasma neutron emission from PF-discharges with the wecorona which "lives" even up to 700 ns; this corona is targets is by 30-50% lower than that for such


discharges without taraets ad the maxii-nurn neutron Institute of Plasma Pysics and Laseryiel aounted to 4 x 1010 neutrons/shot. Microfuslon, Warsaw, Poland

2) Czech Technical Univ.. Pracrue, Czech RepUblic

[1] M.J.Sadowskl,M.Schoiz,ECAVol.27A(2003),

P 1207 *) collaboration with IPPLM in Warswvv, Poland nd[2] P.Kubes, J.Kravarik, et a.. PFOC. Int. Conf.

CVUT in Prague, Czech RepublicPLASMA-2003, Warsaw 2003, P-3.8

5.5 Study of the Influence of Electromagnetic and Electron Radiation on DetectionCharacteristics of SSNTDs and Applications of Such Detectors in Different CY)High-temperature Plasma Experiments 0Ent-- rl-by A.Szydlowski. A.Banaszak, M.Jask6fa, A.Korman, M.J.Sadowski, M.Scholz 1) and J.Wolowsk-i') 0

0Calibration masurements of selected solid-state diameters (up to one hundred times) than those In tile

nuclear-track detectors (SSNTDs) were continued in non-irradiated samples. Surfaces of t detector2003. In particular-, we studied dfferent effects samples became rough and damaged undcr teinfluencing the track formation process. The influence of the aamma and fast electron irradiation,calibration diagrams, as obtained rom the pevious what made the track analysis more dfficult.studies, were supplemented with ew ata determined alWe also nvestigated the so-called a effect.for the PM-355 detector irradiated with eneraetic (up .0PM-355 detector samples were irradiated f - tsto 150 MeV) sulphur- and argon-lons [1]. The purpose with He-Ions of different energy (from 03diagrams, which represent diameters of craters MeV to 46 MeV) almost 10 years ago. Some ofthese

11 -1produced by given [on species versus ion energy nd IC; samples were etched immediately after the rradiationetching time, appeared to be helpful in the and other were stored in a ght-proof envelope Underidentification of heavy ion species emitted from normal conditions (at a room temperature oaldifferent plasma ob ects 2]. The PM-355 detector was pressure and umidity) for ten years I 2003 teused to measure ast Ta-lons emitted frorn a solid samples ater 10 years of storing) were etche UItarget, which was illuminated wt te PALS laser- steps. It was found that the maxima of' the calibrationbearn, as well as ion eneraies we estimated on the diagrams, as determined for the samples stored 'or IObasis of the measured tack diameters. It wasconfirmed that vry ast Ta-lons ofenergy >20 MeV) years, were shifted considerably towards te hghcr

energy values.were ernitted from te PALS-laser poduced plasma Preliminary measurements of fusion reaction[3]. Further calibration measurements are still

protons, which are emitted from a TEXTOR acilitynecessary, especially for heavier ions in a lower during the deuterium shots, wre also performed Using

energy range (from hundreds keV up to sveral MV)..'71 Z:1 the calibrated SSNTDs.

The influence offast electrons and garnma-rays onthe track formation process i the PM-355 detectorwas also nvestigated 4 To study te effect, sorne [1] A.Szydlowski, A.Banaszak, J.Fijal, et al.., Proc.PM-355 detector samples we first radiated with Intern. Conf. PLASMA-2003, Warsaw, Poland,protons and He-Ions of energy 1.5 MeV, and with 5.5 Sept. 2003, P-8.3

241 [2] A.Szydlowski, Radiation Measurements 36alpha-particles (frorn Am source). After tat one (2003)35-42

portion of the iradiated samples was exposed to [3] A.Szydlowski, J.Badz'ak, P.Parys, et al., PlasmaIO MeV electrons from a linear accelerator-, at doses Iwithin the range of 105 - 2x 106 Gy. Another portion of Phys. Contr. Fusion 4(2003)1417-1422

Z__ [41 A.Szydlowski, M.J.Sadowski, A.Banaszak, t al.,the samples was irradiated wth gamma rays om60CO 06 Radiation Measurements 36(2003)111-113source) at doses from 3.5xIO' Gy to 1.3x] Gy.

After the irradiation the PM-355 detectors were etched 1) Institute of Plasma Physics and Laserin steps at typical conditions for various tching times.The energetic electrons and aamma-ray irradiation of Microftision, Warsaw, Poland

the PM-355 detector esulted in considerably higher collaboration with IPPLM in Warsaw, Polandvalues of the bulk etchina ates and in laraer track


.6 Development of Spectroscopic Studies of Plasma-ion Streams Dynamics andInvestigation of the Interaction of Such Streams with Different Material Surfaces

0 by E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Baranowski, K.Czaus, K.Malinowski, M.J.Sadowski, J.Zebrowskl,A.V.Tsarenkol), .V.Byrkal) and T.Pisarczyk 2)

01q_0_j Durinc, the first semester of 2003, particular efforts scientific collaboration with a team frorn the Baykov

were devoted to experimental studies o'eharacteristics Institute and ITEP in Moscow, Russia, we performedf the PF-360 facility treated as a plasma accelerator. investigations of changes in te optical poperties ofesults of tose studies, elaborated within the frame sapphire and quartz induced by pulsed strearn of'

of the scientific collaboration wth a team from the hydrogen ions 7 - ].KIPT in Kharkov, were reported at the nternationalconference in Kiev I ]. Results of detailed in November 2003 we performed series t-

resolved spectroscopic measurements within the fi-arnemeasurements of chosen spectral lines as a function f of experiments within the PF-1000 fcility and thosetime, as performed durin te experimental sessions of the exploding wire" type, which were carried outwith the PF-360 facility, were also described in 2] as at the IFPILM in Warsaw. Results of these studies aewell as in two joint papers presented at the to be elaborated in details in 2004. Furthermore weInternational Conference PLASMA-2003 3 - 4. performed comparative measurements of a proton

energy distribution within the RPI-IBIS device by,r000' Shots 030212 04-11 PF-360 (1)

means of 3 different track detectors (LRl 15A, Cr-39U =30 kV, p =Gh P a, D2Db.t. position(l), z=2.5 cm and PM-355), using a Thomson-type rnass-

Dg,,mma I t..P= 2�LS

-neter. Results are to be pesented at the�11 10000 1 spectroi6000 Workshop on SSND, to be held in Uppsala in 2004.

Dalph.

[1] A.V.TsarenkoJ.Baranowski,etal.,Proc.Int.Conf. PLTP, Kiev 2003 25.75

[2] E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Baranowski, et a, ECAVol. 27A, P- 157

[3] J.Baranowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, et aL, Proc.Int. Conf. PLASMA-2003, Warsaw 2003, P-3.3

[4] E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Baranowski, et al., Proc.Int. Conf. PLASMA-2003, Warsaw 2003, P-3.4

[5] J.Baranowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, et al.,accepted for publication in HTMP 2003)

[6] E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Baranowski, et al., Proc.4th Int. Conf. PPPT, Minsk 2003, Vol. II, P.6.26

[7] V.A.Gribkov, .I.Ivanov, et al., submitted foi-

Fig. I Changes i the optical spectrLini of plasma poduce i P- publication in Nukleonika 2004)360 facility, as recorded with a 2-ps exposition at different times [81 V.A.Gribkov, L.I.Ivanov, et al., Proc I I th Int.after the discharge initiation. Conf. FRM, Kyoto 2003 - in pess

Particular attention was paid to the application o. ' 1)

optical diagnostic methods to studies of the dynamics Institute of Plasma Physics NSC KIPT, Kharkov,-I Ukraine

of pulsed plasma-ion streams aenerated within the 2)C, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser

RPLIBIS fcility [5], which is often used for studies Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland

in the field of the material enaineering. A separate aim

was the detailed studies of different operational modes collaboration with KIPT in Kharkov, Ukraine

of the RPI-IBIS device, which were carried out in a and IPPLM in Warsaw, Poland

frame of the Polish-Ukrainian collaboration and

reported at the international conference in Minsk,

Byelorussia 6]. In addition, within the frarne of the

DEPARTMENT OF PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY PLO401705 85

5.7 Research on the Interaction of Pulsed Plasma Streams with Surfaces of Aluminaand Selected Getters of Hydrogen:")by J.Baranowski, J.Langner, M.J.Sadowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Stanislawski, J.Plekoszewski'�,

2) 3) 3 03)-eshin and A.V.TsarenkZ.Werner V.N.Bor sko I.E.Garkusha V.I.Tei I

The main aim of our studies undertaken in measured both mass and chanaes in te surfacecollaboration with a team fom the Dept. PIX in structure. It was also found that it is possible to�Wierk, was to explain mechanisms of surface (and produce a shielding layer of plasma 3]. Such a plasmamass) changes of solid-state samples exposed to the layer mht be useful for the protection of walls ofbombardment by pulsed plasma-ton streams from an future thermonuclear reactors. Results of theRPI-type device, which is used in the field of material detailed studies of the nteraction f plasma streamsenaineerin-. The studies were performed within the with a etter surface were summarized i a paperIBIS device using targets made of alumina A1,03) presented 4].and an optical spectrometer of the Mcchelle"�'900 type.It was shown that the pulsed plasma strearn, as 14-

produced by the IBIS device operated in te DPE12-

mode, exists about I �ts, and an pulse of energyC,density equal to about j/CM2 causes the ablation of 10-All-03 containing some Ti admixtures), and the 8

formation of an Al-Ti plasma layer of a temperature of E6(2-3) x 0' K [1].

More detailed optical measurements of plasma 4 S metal-hydride

pulses within the RPI system, which were performed 2 A copper

with te use of titanium electrodes and a pulsed 0injection of ntrogen in the PID and DPE operational 0 8 1,0 1 14 16

modes, demonstrated that an input f low-energy Number of pulses(100-300 eV) and high-energy (of te order of kev)C, Fig. 2 Energy density delivered to the getter surface as a unctionions depends strongly on the chosen operational mode.

of the plasma pulses. The metal-hydride etter ensures the shickfin-Results of those studies were pesented at the during a few plasma pulses.international conference PLASMA-2003 2].

1.2 DPE mode Characteristics of the pulsed plasma-ion streams1

Ti which are produced within RPI-type filities (and in0.8 -0.6 - particular by the IBIS device), as well as their0.4 - applications in research on eversible getters of

0-2 time [psl hydrogen were described in a paper pesented [5].0

6 8 1 1? 1� 160 . P

[1] J.StanislawsklJ.Baranowski,etal.,PlasmaP[iys.

> -50 Contr. Fusion 45 2003)11211.2 - I -oc. Int.PID ,,.de [2] J.Piekoszewski, J.Stanislawsk', et al., Pi1

Conf. PLASMA-2003, Warsaw 2003 08.20.6 - [3] V.N.Borisko, I.E.Garkusha, et al., J. Nucl. Mater.0, 313-316(2003)4650.2

0 [41 V.N.Borisko, .V.Byrka, et al., Proc. Int. Conl'.0 2 4 6 1'0 12 14 16 on Hydrogen in Condensed Matter, Helsinki

0 1-12003; submitted for publication in Phys. Scripta

(2004)50 [5] M.J.Sadowski, J.Baranowski, eta]., Proc. I st Int.

Fig. 1 Temporal evolutions of Till, N ad N111 spectral lines at a Meet. on Appl. Phys., Badajoz 2003, p 177distance of 16 cm from the electrode ends and voltmle waveformsrecorded for DPE and PID modes of RPI-113 IS device. 1) Department PIX, Institute or Nuclear Studies,

Swierk, PolandThe second aim of our studies with te IBIS 2) 1(

device, which were ealized in the collaboration with a Kharkov University, Kharkov, Ukraine3) Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, Kharkov,

team fom the KIPT in Kharkov, was an nvestigation Ukraine

of the influence of pulsed plasma streams on surfaces

of so-called reversible getters of hydrogen. Samples of11 collaboration with PIX in wierk - Poland,getters based on Zr55V40Fe5 alloys, after their initialI Kharkov University and KIPT in Kharkov saturation with a laroe amount hydrogen, were

Ukraineirradiated by such plasma streams. After that we


.)5.8 Deposition of Superconducting Films for RF Accelerating Cavities'

(.0 by J.Langner, L.Catan 1), A.Clanchi 1), K.Czaus, R.Mli-owski, D.Proch 2) , R.Ru SS03), M.J.Sadowski,0 4) 15)r1_ ,J.Witkowskiand N.N.KovaS.Tazzarl , F.Tazzioll

0

0 Superconducting (SC) cavities for char(red particle A tic", UHV system for the coating ot ' single-cellacceleration are mainly based on Nb bulk tcchnology. cavities has been completed ad put into operation atThe Nb/Cu technology is a very interestin(y aternative IPJ.to the bulk-Nb cavities. I order to study possibilitiesof the vacuum arc technique to form high qualitysuperconducting thin films For te coatin,(- RF coopeicavities, special efforts have been undertaken within

-ati - Vergata" in F Ethe collaboi on of the University TotRome, the Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies(IPJ) at wlcrk and DESY in Hamburg I . Duringthree years, several experimental UHV a -baseddevices have been designed and constructed in Romeand w'ei trice 2004 tis topic w bein the frarne oil' the European Poject "CARE".

In 2003 the UHV set-up at Tor Vergata" was up-graded to improve its liability and film qualityreproducibility [2]. In particular-. te arc stability hasbeen improved by adding a series inductance in the

Fig. 2 Te new UHV laboratory at IPJ i �Nvierk.power supply circuit. Various methods f te arciunition have been tested from the point of view of

[11 R.Russo, L.Catani, S.Tazzari, M.Cirillo, V.Merlo.operational reliability and purity. The most pomisingC J. Lanomer, F. Tazzioli, Proc. I Ol' Workshop Oil

technique for UHV a dvices appears to be te laser C,RF Superconductivity SRF2001, Tsukuba, Japan.,technique, because it does not ntroduce additionalSept. 2001, KEK Proc. 2003-2, June 2003

impurities 3 In the second half of 2003, [2] R.Russo, L.Catani, A.Clanchi. S. Tazzarl F.experimental studies were oused oi te deposition fill

Tazzioll, J.1-arigner, M. Sadowski, Proc Iof Nb films. The esults obtained with N fms are 11Workshop on RF-Superconductivity SFR-2003,

very promisino, since the films with "bulk-like" Lubeck/Travemunde, Germany, Sept. 2003properties have been poduced 4 - ] Masurements [31 J.Langner, M.Sadowski, K.Czaus, R.Mli-owski,of the superconducting citical temperature Fg. 1) 11show the values T, very close to bulk values and vy J.Witkowski, L.Catani, A.Cianchi, R.Russo,

S.Tazzarl, D.Proch, N.N.Koval, Proc. Intern.narrow tansition widths (0. I K). Conf. PLASMA-2003, Warsaw, Poland, Sept.

9-12, 20031 - d [4] A.Cianchl, L.Catani, R.Russo, S.Tazzarl,

F.Tazzioll, J.Lananer, M.Sadowski, N.N.Koval,Proc. Intern. Conf. PLASMA-2003, Warsaw,

> 10 Poland, Sept. 2003

[51 R.Russo, L.Catani, A.Cianchi, R.PolimS.Tazzarl,F.Tazzioli, J.1-angner, N.N.Koval, Proc I I> 5Workshop on RF-Supei-conductivity SFR-2003,Lubeck/Travemunde, Germany, Sept. 2003

0Univ. di Roma Tor Vercata and INFN-Ronia 2,

a.8 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.2 9,3 9,4 9.5 9.6 ItalyTemperature k] 2) DESY-Hamburcl Grmany

3) Univ. di Roma Tor Ver(yata and INFM-Rorna 2.Fig. I Transition curve of several deposited Niobiurn films. Italy

Nioblum films have haher RRR (up to 80), and 41 INFN-LNF. Italylaraer araln sizes, as compared to sputtered Nb films 5) HCEI, Tomsk, Russiadeposited at the same temperature. Te films poducedby UHV arcs a less stressed and more andomly collaboration with University Tor-Vergata inoriented. Rorne, INFN in Fascati - Italy, DESY in

Hamburg Germany and HCEI in Tomsk -Russia



APPLICATION OF XRAY POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS TO STUDY PLASMA ANISOTROPY IN PLASMA FOCUSMACHINESE.O.Baronova, G.V.Sholin, L..Jakubomrski

Plasma Phys. Cntr. Fusion 45(2003)1071

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-POWER PLASMA STREAM IRRADIATION ON SURFACE EROSION BEHAVIOR OF

REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN GETTERS

V.N.Borisko, I.E.Garkuslia, V.V.Chebotai-ev. MV.Lototsky, J.Langner, M.J.Sadowski, V.I.Tereshin, Yu.F.Shillal'ko

J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316(2003)465

NEW TYPES OF MULTI-COMPONENT HARD COATINGS DEPOSITED BY ARC PVD ON STEEL PRE-TREATED BY

PULSED PLASMA BEAMS

Z.Werner, J.Stanislawski, J.Piekoszewski, E.A.Levashov, W.Szymczyk

Vacuum 70(2003)263

PHASE CHANGES IN STEEL IRRADIATED WITH INTENSE PULSED PLASMA BEAMS

B.Sartowska, J.Plekoszewski, L.Wall§, M.Kolicexvicz, Z.Werner, J.Stanislawski, J.Kalinowski, F.Prokert

Vacuum 70(2003)285

SNOW-PLOW MODEL OF IPD DISCHARGE

jkl.Rabifiski, K.Zdunek

Vacuum 70(2003)303

BRAZING OF ALUMINA CERAMICS MODIFIED BY PULSED PLASMA BEAMS COMBINED WTH ARC PVD

TREATMENT

J.Piekoszewski, A.Krajewski, F.Pro-ert, J.Senkara, J.Stanislawski, L.Wali�, Z.Werner, W.Wfosifiski

Vacuum 70(2003)307

ENCHANCED CORROSION RESISTANCE OF TITANIUM FOIL 'FROM NICKEL, NICKEL-MOLIBDENUM AND

PALLADIUM SURFACE ALLOYING BY HIGH INTENSITY PULSED PLASMAS

F.A.Bonilla, T.S.Ong, P.Skeldon, G.E.Thompson, J.Piekoszewski, A.G.Chmielewski, B.Sartowska, J.Stanislamski

Corrosion Science 45(2003)-103

RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY IN PLASMA JET FROM IPD ACCELERATOR

M.Rabifiski, K.Zdunek

Su).f Coal. Technol. 173-174(2003)964

STUDIES OF INTERACTION OF A PLASMA PULSE WITH SOLID SUBSTRATE AS OBSERVED BY OPTICAL

SPECTROSCOPY

.I.Stanislawski..J.Baranowski, J.Piekoszewski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, Z.Wemer

Plasma Ph.vs. Coiar. Fusion 45(2003)1121

CHARACTERISTICS OF ION EMISSION FROM A PLASMA PRODUCED BY HIGH-ENERGY SHORT-WAVELENGTH

(438 nm) LASER RADIATION

.I.Wolowski, ..., .1-5ska, P.Parys, M.Pfelfer, K.Rohlena, A.Szvdiowski, L.Torrisi, J.Ullschmied, E.Woryna, et a].

Plasma Phvs. Contr. Fusion 45(2003)1087

APPLICATION OF CR-39 TRACK DETECTORS FOR CORPUSCULAR DIAGNOSTICS OF HGH-TEMPERATURE

PLASMAS

A.Szydlowski

Radiation Measurements 36(2003)35

INFLUENCE OF INTENSIVE y AND ELECTRON RADIATION ON TRACKS FORMATION IN THE PM355 DETECTORS

A.Sz),dlowski. A.Banaszak, I.Fijal, M.Jask6la, A.Kornian, M.,J.Sadowski, A.Zimek

Radialion Measurements 36(2003)1 1

APPLICATION OF CR-39 DETECTORS FOR STUDY OF CORPUSCULAR EMISSION FROM PRAGUE CAPILLARY

PINCH

E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Baranosvski, K.Kolacek, ..., M.Ripa, P.Ctibor, M.J.Sadowski, B.Sartowska,.Szydiowski, etal.

Radiation Measurements 36(2003)321

MEASUREMENTS OF ENERGETIC IONS EMITTED FROM LASER PRODUCED PLASMA BY MEANS OF SOLID-STATE

NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS OF THE PM-355 TYPE

A.Szydlowski, ..., J.Krasa, L.Laska, M.Pfeifer, K.Rohlena, J.Skala, J.Ulischmied, F.D.Boody, S.Gammino, L.Torrisi, et a.

Plasma Phys. Cntr. Fusion 45(2003)1417

HIGHLY CHARGED IONS GENERATED WITH INTENSE WITH LASER BEAMS

J.Krdsa, ..., J.Sk6la, J.Ulischi-nied, V.Hnatowicz, V.P�rina, J.Badzia-, P.Parys, J.Wolowski, E.Woryna, A.Szydlowski

Nucl. histr. Methods B205(2003)355


MEASUREMENTS OF ENERGETIC IONS PRODUCED BY HIGH-ENERGY LASER PULSES BY MEANS OF SOLID-STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORSA.SzvdIoNvsId,..., J.Krasa, M.Pfeifer, K.Rohlena, J.Skala. J.Ullshcrnied, F.D.Boody, S.Gammino, L.Torrisi, et al.High Teml). Mater. Processes 7200.3)327-332.

OTHER PAPERS

RESULTS OF LARGE-SCALE PLASMA-FOCUS EXPERIMENTS AND PROSPECTS FOR NEUTRON YIELDOPTIMIZATIONMJ.Sadowski and M.ScholzCuri-ew Trends i ntei-national Fusion Research -Proc. qthe Fourth Symposium, Washington 2001 (Edii. Ch.D.Oi-th.E. Pan(wella. and R. Post, NRC Resem-ch Pi-ess. Ottenvel 2003 - (ill press)


PLASMA FOCUS PF-360 AS A PLASMA ACCELERATORA.V.Tsarenko, J.Baranowski, .V.Byrka, MJ.Sado-wski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, ..., S.A.Trubchaninov, JZebrowski, poster)P)-oc. 1te)-national Collfel-ence o Physics o'Low Temperature Plasina, Kiev, ki-aine, Mm 11 -15, 2003 25 75

FEATURES OF POWERFUL PLASMA STREAMS INTERACTION WITH REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN GETTERSV.N.Borisko, .V.Byrka, I.E.Garkusha. ..., J.Baranwvvski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, M.J.Sadowski, et al., (poster)Proc. ntel-national Coll oil Physics o'Low Temperature Plasma, Kiev, ki-aine, May 11-15, 2003, Pst-deadline papei-s

STUDY OF PULSED ELECTRON BEAMS EMITTED FROM A PINCH COLUMN IN PLASMA-FOCUS FACILITIESL.Jakubowska W.Sadowski, (oral)Proc. 15"' IM Technical Meeting o Research Usiiw Small Fusion Devices, Vienna, Alistfia, May 19-21, 2003

MEASUREMENTS OF ENERGETIC IONS PRODUCED BY HIGH-ENERGY LASER PULSES BY MEANS OF SOLID-STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORSA.Szydlowski, ..., K. JUngwirth, B. Kralikova, J. Krasa, L. Laska, M. Pfeifer, K. Rohlena, J. Skala, J. UJIschmied, et al., poster)Pi-oc. Quatrieme Seminai)-e Fi-anco-Polonaissur les Plasmas Thermiques dons I'Espace et en Liboi-atoire, Bow-ges, Fi-ance, 16-19Jilin 2003, L5

CALIBRATION AND APPLICATION OF CIZ-39 TYPE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS IN PLASMA-FOCUS AND OTHERPLASMA EXPERIMENTSA.Szyd1owski, A.Banaszak, rI.J.Sadowski, M.Scho1z. poster)Proc. Quatrieme Seminaire Fwnco-Polonais sur les Plasmas Thermiques dans 1Espace et en Labomtoii-e, Bow-ges , Fi-ance. 10-19Jilin 2003. I.6

DYNAMICS OF HYDROGEN UNDER HIGH-POWER PLASMA STREAMS INTERACTION WITH REVERSIBLEHYDROGEN GETTERSV.N.Borisko, ..., V.I.Tcreshin, A.V.Tsarcnko_j.BaranoNvski, J.Langner, MJ.Sadowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, et al., poster)Proc. Intei-national Coil 6-ence o Hydrogen i Cmdensed Mcimei-, Helsinki, Finland, June 25-28.2003

TIN/IE-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS OF SPECTRAL LINES EMISSION FROM DEUTERIUM DISCHARGES IN PF-360FACILITYE.Skladnik-Sadowski,,I.Baranowski, K.Czaus, M.J.Sadowski, J.&browski, A.V.Tsarenko, et al., oster)Proc. 301h EPS Cnf o C trolled Fusi ad Pasina Phvsics. St. Petet-sbut-g, Russia, Atly 711, 2003; ECA Vol. 2 7A, P- 1 .57

RECENT RESULTS OF LARGE-SCALE PLASMA-FOCUS EXPERIMENTSW.Saclowski, M.Scholz, poster)Proc. 30th EPS Conf o Conti-olled Firsion and Plasma Physics, St. Petersbw-g, Russia, July 71, 2003; ECA Vol. 27A, P-1.207

UHV ARC DEPOSITION FOR RF SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITYR.Russo, L.Catani, A.Cianchi, S.Tazzari, F.Tazzioli, J.Langner, M.Sadowski, (poster)Pi-oc. I I" VVork'shop o RP--Superconditclivitv SFR-2003, LubecklTravemunde, Gei-many, Septembei 812, 2003, al"ei- TuP37

UHV ARC FOR SUPERCONDUCTING NIOBIUM FILM DEPOSITIONR.Russo, A.Clanchi. R.Polini. STazzari, L.Catani. F.Tazzioli-T.Langner, N.N.Koval, (poster)Pi-oc. I ill workshop o RF-Superconductivit-y SFR-2003, LubecklTravemunde, Gei-many, September 812, 2003, Papel TP38

EVOLUTION OF RAYLEIGH-TYLOR INSTABILITY IN IPD PLASMA ACCELERATORNI.Rabifiski, K.Zdunek, (oral)Proc. Intei-n. Confon Plasma Resem-ch andApl)lications PLASMA-2003. IVai-saw, Poland. Septembet 912,2003, Paper 01.2

STATUS AND PROSPECT OF MEGAJOULE PLASMA FOCUS EXPERIMENT AT ICDMPM.Scholz, ..., P.Kubes, A.Banaszak, Ljaktibowski, W.Sadowski, A.Szydiowski, ..., F.Rocchi, et al., (invited talk)Pi-oc. Intei-n. Coqf o Plasma Resem-ch and Applications PLASMA-2003, Wo-savv, Poland, Sept 912, 2003, Paper I-3.4

PROGRESS IN ION-EMISSION RESEARCH WITHIN DIFFERENT DENSE PLASMA-FOCUS DEVICESJJ,'ebrowski, W.Sadowski, (oral)P)-oc. hite)-n. Cotif oil Plasma Resem-ch and Applications PLASMA-2003, Wu-saw, Poland, Sel)t 912, 2003, apei 03.3


OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY INVESTIGATIONS OF PLASMA IN THE PF-360 FACILITYJ.Baranowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, N.J.Sadowski, J.Zebrowski, A.V.Tsarenko, .V.Byrka, poster)Proc. hitern. Conl o Plasma Research and Applications PLASMA-2003. lVarsaw, Poland, Sept. 912, 2003, aper P-3.3

TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECTRAL LINES EMISSION FROM DEUTERIUM DISCHARGES N PF-360DEVICEE.Skladnik-SadoNvska,.I.Baranowski, K.Czatis, NJ.Sadowski, J.Zebrowski, A.V.Tsarenko, ..., VA.Tereshin, et al., poster)Proc. Intern. Conf o Plasma Research andApplications PLASMA-2003, TVarsaw. Poland, Sept 912, 2003. paper 11-3.4

ELECTRON BEAMS MEASUREMENTS IN LARGE PF I 00 PLASMA-FOCUS FACILITYLjakubo-vvski, A.Banaszak, M.J.Sadowski, M.Scholz, (poster)Proc. Intern. Confon Plasma Research and Applications PLASMA-2003, Warsaw, Poland, September 912. 2003, Paper P3.5

RECENT NEUTRON AND FAST ION MEASUREMENTS WITHIN PF-1000 FACILITYA.Szydlowski, A.Banaszak, NI.J.Sadowski, B.Biefikowska, 1. M.Ivanova-Stanik, M.Scholz, (poster)Proc. Intern. Con o Plasma Research al Applications PLASMA-2003, Warsaw, Poland, Sept 912. 2003, Paper P-3 7

INFLUENCE OF CARBON FIBER ON MEGAAMPERE PLASMA FOCUS RADIATIONP.KLibes, .- M.j.Sadowski, Ljakubowski. A.Szvdlovvski, A.Banaszak, H.Schmidt, V.M.Romanova, (oster)Proc. Intern. Coiif o Plasma Research and Applications PLASMA-2003, Warsaw, Poland, Sept 912, 2003, Paper P-3.8

INVESTIGATION OF ION STREAMS EMITTED FROM PLASMAS PRODUCED BY THE HIGH ENERGY INFRARED ANDVISIBLE LASER BEAMSJ.Wolowski, ..., P. Parys, M. Pfeifer. K.Rohlena, J. Skdla, A.Szyd1owski, L.Torrisi, J.Ullschmied, E.Woryna. et al., oral)Proc. Intern. Con1 o Plasma Research and Applications PLASMA-2003. larsaw, Poland, Sept 912, 2003, Paper 04.3

OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE DYNAMICS OF PLASMA PULSES GENERATED IN THE ROD PLASMA INJECTORJ.Piekoszewski, J.Stanislawski, J.13aranowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, Z.Werner, M.Barlak, (oral)Proc. Intern. Conf: on plasma Research andApplications PLASMA-2003, Warsaw, Poland, Sept 912, 2003, Paper 08.2

CALIBRATION AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMA EXPERIMENTSA.Szydlowski, A.Banaszak, 1.1--i.jal, M.Jask6la, A.Korman, M..I.Sadowski, J.Choifiski, (poster)Proc. Intern. Cnfon Plasma Research andApplications PLASMA-2003, Warsaw, Poland, Sept 912, 2003, Paper P-8.3

UHV ARC DEPOSITION FOR RF SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITY: SAMPLES CHARACTERIZATIONA.Cianchi, L.Catani, R.Russo, S.Tazzari, F.Tazziolij.Langner, M.J.Sadowski, N.N.Koval, (oral)Proc. nterii. Coqf o Plasma Research andApplications PLASMA-2003, lVeirsaw, Poland, Sept 912, 2003, Paper 09.1

RESEARCH ON INITIATION OF ULTRA-HIGH-VACUUM ARC DISCHARGES APPLIED FOR DEPOSITION OF THINSUPERCONDUCTING LAYERS.T.Lan2ner, MJ.Sadowski, K.Czaus, R.Nlirowski, J.Witkowski, L.Catani, S.Tazzari, D.Proch, N.N.Koval, et al., (oral)Proc. Intern. Cont. o Plasma Research and Applications PLASMA 2003, Warsaw, Poland, Sept 912, 2003, Paper 09.3

MEASUREMENTS OF FAST IONS AND ENERGETIC ELECTRONS EMITTED FROM PF- 1000 PLASMA FOCUS DEVICEA.Sudlowski, L.Jakubowski, A.Banaszak, B.Bienkowska, 1. M.Ivanova-Stanik, M.Scholz, M.J.Sadowski, (oral)Proc. 13" hit. School qfllacuuni Electron wid In Technologies, Varna, Bulgaria, Sept. 15-19, 2003, PC-5

CORELATION BETWEEN PINCH DYNAMICS, NEUTRON AND XRAY EMISSION FROM MEGAJOULE PLASMAFOCUS DEVICEM.Scholz, ..., P.Kubes, A.Banaszak, Ljakubowski, M.Sadowski, A.Szydlowski, H.Schinidt, S.Vitulli, (oral)Proc 13"' hit. School 'Vacumn Electron ad lon Technologies. Varna, Bul�qaria, Sept. 15-19, 2003, PC-24

OPERATION MODES OF RPl-lBIS PLASMA DEVICEE.Skladnik-Sadowska,.I.Baranowski, NIJ.Sadowski, V.I.Tereshin, A.K.Lobko, A.V.Tsarenko, .V.Byrka, (poster)Proc.4thhit.Con Plsi)i,,iPIzi,.�ics&PI(isiiitiTeclitiolog��,Miii,�k.Belai-itsSel)t.15-19,2003,Vol.11,P.6.26

STUDIES OF ION EMISSION FROM PLASMAS GENERATED BY THE HIGH-ENERGY PALS LASER AT 13 1 5 pm AND0.438 prn WAVELENGTHSJ.Wolowski, ..., M.Pfeifer, K.Rohlena, A.Szvdlowski, L.Torrisi, J.Ulischmied, E.Woryna, et al., invited talk)Proc. 111ork-shop o Plasma Producti(m bv Liser Ablation PPLA 2003. Illessina Catania, 11"lochy, Sept. 18-19, 2003

MEASUREMENTS OF CARGED PARTICLES EMISSION FROM PLASMA FOCUSM.Scholz, B.Bienkowska, I.M.Ivanova-Stanik, A.Banaszak, L.Jakubowsld, N.Sadowski, A.Szydlowski, (oral)Proc. Intern. Seminar o Dense Plasma Interaciion with Materials, Tallin, Estonia, Oct. 911, 2003

STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF MJ PLASMA FOCUS EXPERIMENTS AT ICDMPM.Scholz, .... A.Banaszak, L.Jakubowski, M.Sadowski, A.Szvdiowski, A.Bernard, V.Zoita, A.Patran, S.Vitulli, F.Rocchi. oral)Proc. Intern. Seminar o Dense Plasma Interaction with Materials, Tallin, Estonia, Oct. 911, 2003

CHARACTERISATION OF PULSED PLASMA-ION STREAMS EMITTED FROM RPI-TYPE DEVICES APPLIED FORMATERIAL ENGINEERINGNI.J.Sadowski,.T.Baranowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, V.N.Borisko, .V.Byrka, V.I.Tereshin, A.V.Tsarenko, poster)Proc. Ist International Meeting o Alied Physics (APHYS-2003), Badajoz, Spain, Oct. 13-18, 2003,I). 177


COMMENTS ON STATUS OF PLASMA FOCUS RESEARCHM.J.Sadowski, M.Scholz, (invited talk)Proc. ntei-national Workshop o Dense Magnetized Plasmas WDMP-2003, Warsaw, Poland, ov. 25-26,2003, 1-1

QUARTZ OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS CHANGES UNDER THE ACTION OF HYDROGEN ION STREAMSV.A.Gribkov, 1-11vanov, ..., W.Sadowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, A.Banaszak, ..., A.L.Suvorov, I.S.Smirnov, (oral)Proc II th Intei-national Conl�rence oii Fusion Reaclor Materials, Kvolo. Japan, Dec. 712, 2003

LECTURES, COURSES, AND EXTERNAL SEMINARS

The main topics of plasma research in European Community countries and possibilities of the participation in pojects withinthe FP6"'MJ.Sadowski - invited lectureGeneral asina Seminar, Continittee o'Physics (it Polish Academy qf Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, March 18, 2003

Nuclear fusion")M.Rabifiski - invited lectures

Comments on the status of plasma focus researchM.J.Sadowski, M.Scholz - invited lectureIntei-nalional Workshop o Dense Magnetized Plasmas IVVDMP-2003, Weirsaw, Poland, Nov. 25-26,2003

a) i Polishb) in English

PARTICIPATION IN PROGRAM AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES OF CONFERENCES

MJ.Sadowski - Co-Chairman of the International Scientific Program Committee and Local Organizing CommitteeInternational Con �rence o Plasnia Research and Applications PLASMA-2003, Warsaw, Poland. September 912, 2003

M.Rabifiski - Member of Local Or-anizim, CommitteeInternational Cn rence on Electric Power Suppl�y Strategy i te XXI Cenniq, Warsaw, October 13, 2003

M.Rabifiski - MemberJoint ENS/Foi-atoin Inftwination Committee

MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETES

W.Sadowski - mernber of the Polish Pysical Society (since 967)

M.J.Sadowski - mernber of the European Pysics Society (since 1968)

W.Sadowski - member of the Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetism (since 1990)

M.Rabifiski - member of the Polish Nuclear Society and Eropean Nuclear Society (since 1990)


PERSONNEL

Research scientistsJaroslaw Baranowski, Dr. (till Sept. 2003) Marek Sadowski, ProfessorLech Jakubowski, Dr. (3/5) E12bieta Skladnik-Sadowska, Dr. (3/5)Jerzy Langner, Dr. Adam Szydlowski, Dr.Karol Malinowski, MSc. Jaroslaw Zebrowski, MSc.Marek Rabifiski. Dr.

PhD studentsAneta Banaszak, MSc.

Technical and administrative staffKrzysztof Czaus. B.Sc.E.E. (3/5) Miroslaw KukKrzysztof Gqtarczyk Krzysztof MichalikAlicja Gawrofiska Robert Mirowski, M.Sc.E.E.Krzysztof Gniadek Wojc1ech P''anowski (till March 2003)Marek Jqdrzejczyk Jacek Stanislawski, M.Sc.E.E.Pawel Karpifiski AndrzejTrembickiKi-zysztof Kasperski Andrzej WiraszkaBernard Kolakowski Jan Witkowski, B.Sc.E.E.J6zef Kloch

DEPARTMENT OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 93

6 DEPARTMENT OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS

PLO401707Head of Department: Assoc. Professor Helena Balkowska

phone: (22) 621-28-04

e-mail: Lena.Bialkowska�fuw.edu.pl

Overview

The activities of the Department f Hgh Energy Physics are centered around experiments performed ataccelerators in the following laboratories:• At CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva, Switzerland:

DELPHI* at LEP ee- stora(Te rina - the tests of the Standard Model, b-quark physics, gamina-gami-nainteractions and search for Higgs boson and supersymmetric particles

- NA48 - the CP-violation and are K decays- COMPASS (Compact Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy) - studies the gluon

polarization in the nucleon- NA49* and WA98 - heavy ion physics, looking for possible effects of the phase transition to te quark-

- gluon plasma state• At CELSIUS Storage Ring in Uppsala, Sweden:

- WASA - a precise study of near threshold resonance poduction.

• At RHIC - study of pp elastic scatterin.g.• At DESY in Hamburg, Germany:

- ZEUS - deep inelastic scattering f elections and protons, proton structure functions, dffractive poton-proton interactions.

• Super-Karniokande and K2K - a study of neutrino oscillations.The Groups fi-om our Department participated in the construction phase of te experiments, both in hardware

and in development of the software used in data analysis. Presently they take part in te data collection, detectorperformance supervision and data analysis.

The Department is also involved in the preparation of new experiments:

- search for optical flashes of cosmic origin: "7r of the sky" project - search for optical counterparts f y raybursts,

- CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) at the LHC,- LHCb (b-quark production and CP-violation) at the LHC Large Hadron Collider) at CERN,- ALICE - experiment to study the eavy ]on interactions at the LHC,

- ICARUS - tests of a liquid argon TPC, in preparation for neutrino beam (CERN to Gran Sasso), and to beused for cosmic neutrino detection,

- study of charge exchange processes in d-p collisions at Nuclotron in Dubna.

A mechanical workshop attached to our Department participated in the construction of pototypes fr thealignment monitoring system for the Outer Tracker detector in the LHCb experiment. Now large scalepreparations for the straw tube modules assembling are under way.

Two of our colleagues work on the phenomenology of the quark-gluon plasma formation and of the lowenergy hadron-hadron reactions.

We collaborate with the Institute of Experimental Physics of the Warsaw University in most of' ourexperiments as well as take part in teaching and supervising diplomas. There is a group of 10 PhD studentsworking in our Department.

These experiments finished the data taking activities, but continue to analyse the data assembled.


co 6.1 The Delphi Experiment0r,- by M.Bluj, R.Gokiell, J.Hoffman, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski

0

0 In the year 2003 four analyzes, based on te ata If the mass of such higgs is above treshold ofthecollected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP in decay into pair of' beauty hadrons final state wt furCERN, were finalized. jets dominate. Unfortunately this channel is \y

1. Measurement of the b - sg branching ratio difficult to aproach from the experimental point f.ew. The DELPHI experiment is the only one, out of'

It is well known that analysis of penguin decays of vIbeauty hadrons could be used to search fr te so four LEP experiments, which successfully analyzed

called new physics phenomena. One of the most this channel.difficult, frorn the experimental point of view, is the 3. Search for Yukawa produced neutral higgsespenguin decay ofb quark into s quark and guon. Te decayed into 1� fStandard Model dagram o. ' such decay is shown in If te mass of the neutral hiauses is belowFic,.1, whereas possible additional dagrarn in the threshold of the decay into beauty hadrons and aboveMinimal Supersyrnmetric Standard Model is shown in threshold of the decay into pair of r leptons ta teF I g 2 later one is the dominant channel. Yukawa roduction

of such decaying licenses anifests itself in two final

states, one with two pairs (4-c topology) and one

with bb pair and f pair (2b2,c topology) Tree

independent analyzes (two for the 4c channel and onefor te 2b2-c channel) were performed. No excess wasfound what allowed to set limits on the 2HDM ha"s

Fig. I Fig. 2 sector.These analyzes ormed the base of the Ph.D.

Significant enhancement of b --> sg branching ratio dissertation ofJulia Hoffman.could be nterpreted as a snal o new physics. Teanalysis of 1363K hadronic decays of te Z boson, 4. Higgs to higgs decays within 2HDMcollected by the DELPHI detector in 1994, as been Within 2HDM model there is possibility tat

heavier hggs particles could decays into lighter ones.performed. Excellent resolution f the vertex detector Ive,of DELPHI allowed to overcome an overwhelming These channels are shown in Fig. 6.background ad measure the branching atio of' t b

quark decay into the s quark and guon to be 0.0 180.017 which is consistent wth pevious measurementsand the Standard Model pediction.

This analysis was te subject of the Ph.D. thesis ofKrzysztof Nawrocki.

A

2. Search for Yukawa produced neutral higgsesin the 4b channel

Two Maas Doublet Model (2HDM) is the ostI 11(yas sectorsimple extension of the I of' te Standard

Model. It predicts existence of ive (instead of' one)0higgs particles. In this model very light scalar I , 01'igC1

pseudoscalar AO higgs is not yet experimentallyexcluded.

Fig. 6t-

It is expected that decays into beauty hadrons aethe main decay channels of ghter higgs particle in theprocesses shown in Fg 6 Dedicated analysis of tesechannels was designed and applied to te datacollected at the highest energies o LEP2 phase oftheZ�

Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. DELPHI experiment. No sgnificant excess ws

It is possible that the only open poduction channel found.for such particle is a Yukawa process (its diagrarn is Analyzes 2 3 4 were described in the DELPHIshown in Fg. 5, because hiausstrahlung pocess (Fig. publication Search foi- Neutral Higgs Bosons HI

Extended Models CERN-EP/2003-061 submitted to3) and pair production pocess (Figg. 4) could be the European Physics Journal.suppressed or beyond knernatic limit.


6.2 ZEUS Experiment in 2003 PLO401709by M.Adamus

VETO WALL - the back-round detector of ZEUS4=� FATiming of hits 204102/11 11:47:41

experiment - continued to deliver information about 2.6 -- NVETO OR 2004,102/11 11-47:41

beams conditions. Due to the fact that VETO consists 2�4- VETO IN 2004102/11 11:47:41

of old parts, that were recuperated from te TASSO 2.2 -

detector, a lot f activity to maintain the detector inever ready condition was required. As usual main 2.0-

works concerned: 1.8

1.6 -• tunin(T photornultiplier's hgh voltage, HV

1.4• repair of the HV system

L2• repair of front-end electronics 1.0

• data quality monitoring

Two new PCB for tric-er electronics namelyC� 0.6GFLTBI and SCANNER were designed and they are 0.4 ohto be poduced at DESY. In the second hall'of the year

2 HERA started to deliver upgraded luminosity thatresulted in additional problem for the VETO WALL 1.0 -40 20 0 20 40

detector. The problem of the position of the positronbeam snal Fig. 1) is now under nvestigation.

Fig. 1 Positron signal seen by the VETO WALL.

6.3 Investigation of Rare Decays of Neutral Kaons in the NA48 and NA48/1Experiments at CERNby NA/48: J.Nassalski, E.Rondio, M.Szleper, W.Wi§licki, S.Wronka

by NA48/1: W.Wi§11cki PLO401710

The K, yy decay rate has been measured usin a For the rare decay mode K, 31 candidates

high-Intensity neutral beam of K from the CERN with an estimated background of 13.7 ± 32 events ave11 S Z,

SPS I The measured branching ratio been observed 4 This first observation leads to a

B(K, -� yy) (2.78± 006,,,, ± 0.04,,,.,,)x 10- , obtained from branching ratio B(Ks - yyy = 4.9 ±.6,,,, ± 09,,,, x I -'

7462 events, is significantly h 1 g h e r than the in agreement with Chiral Perturbation theory

o(j)') prediction of Chiral Perturbation teory. Using a predictions.

KL beam the ratio Using data collected during 89 days in 2002

with a high - intensity K, beam [5] 7 eventsB(K, 4 yy) / B(KL 3,7(' = 2.81± 01,,,, ± 002,,,,,) x I -'

Ks - I' e'e- were found with the backaround ofhas been measured.

0. 15 events. The branching atio

A search for the decay K, -�7r`yy has been made B(Ks ---> Iroe'e- 11ee > 165 GeV/c (3.0',:15,,, ± 02,,,,) x I "

using data collected in 1999 during a 40-hour run withhigh-Intensity K has been measured. Usin a vector matrix lement and

S beam 2 An upper limit for the It,

0 a form factor equal one, the measurement elves 80%branching ratio B(Ks ---> 7r yy, z 02 < 33 x i o' has been

higher value.

obtained at 90% confidence level, where z 1112

The K,,, -47r'ne'e- decay modes have been [11 NA48 and NA48/1, A. Lai et al., Phys. Lett.

studied 3 based on the sample of 162 and 621 55](2003)7[2] NA48, A. La' et al., Phys. Lett. B556(2003)105

candidate events, yielding branching ratios ofI

(3.08±0.20)xio-' and (4.69±0.30)x10--' , espectively. [3] NA48, A. Lai et al., Eur. Phys. J. C30(2003)33

The CP-violatino, asymmetry of dstribution of the [41 NA48, A. Lai et al., Phys. Lett. B578(2003)276[5] NA48/1, R. Batley et al., Phys. Lett. B576

azimuthal anale between the pion and electron planesZ, (2003)43

was measured to be 14.2±3.6)% for K, and no

asymmetry for K,, in areement with theoretical

predictions.


ii

6.4 Hadron Production in Elementary and Nuclear Collisions; The NA49 Experimentat CERNby H.Białkowska, B.Boimska, W.Trubnikow

The NA49 experiment studies hadron productionin hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at CERN SPS energies. In 2003these studies have led to 6 publications, 10 paperssubmitted for publication and numerous conferencepresentations. Two most important physics resultsconcern energy dependence of the strangenessproduction in central heavy ion collisions - andresonance production in proton-proton collisions.

An energy scan of central Pb-Pb collisions (studiedat 20, 30, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c) has led to anobservation of a sharp maximum in the fC/n+ ratio asa function of energy - shown in Fig.l [1], Such amaximum could result from a phase transition to theQuark Gluon Plasma. It remains to be checked, towhat extent a position and a magnitude of themaximum could be explained by the energydependence of kaon and pion production inelementary proton and neutron collisions, bearing inmind that Pb nucleus contains 60% neutrons and 40%protons. A possible paramctrization of suchelementary processes mixture - and resulting peak - isshown in Fig.2 [2].

0.2h l-"ł

0.1 i

r, i JE.10

Fig. 1 The energy dependence of the K*/n" ratio in central heavyion collisions (empty points - from pp collisions).

. 0.12

* 0.10

0 08

0 06

0.04

0.02

•

ł

- • \

I'I > 1 I

•f- ;

f • •

. . . . . . . i .

* *

. . . . . . i . .

10 20 30 40 50 60[GeV]

Fig.2 An estimate of the effect of isospin composition of Pbnucleus on the K*/K* ratio, based on Ihe study of energy dependenceof kaon and pion production in elementary (neutron and proton)collisions.

Quite an unexpected result was achieved from thestudy of Xi hyperon production in proton-protoncollisions. A study of (Xi-hyperon - pion) massspectrum has shown a distinct peak at the mass of1.862 GeV, with a statistical significance of about 4sigma [3]. This could be a candidate for an exoticpentaquark state.

Fig. 3 The Xn imass spectrum from p -p collisions at 158 GeV/c.

At the Warsaw site, two PhD studies are pursued.One, ready for the defence, concerns transversecharacteristics of hadron-hadron and central hadronnucleus interactions. A study of nuclear modificationfactor and particle-antiparticle ratios for moderatetransverse momenta (up to 1.6 GeV/c) offers animportant background for higher energy studies.

es

J.b

0.2

1.5

Cft

• 0.0 0.0S0 0.06-2.1

0 3-0 45fm

o- r* '•-'* A

P

* r ^ • • " ' . • *

/ , ,

,v-' ,

X7

y

-̂ i

r1

.o

f

> i

c) |

7T ^ ,

IQ.

i f

•*-

b)

,ł-.r

/ \

-i)

p, (CeV/cl p, IGv?V/cl

Fig. 4 The nuclear modification factor for central p - Pb collisionsat 158 GeV/c, as a function of transverse momentum, for differentintervals of normalized longitudinal momentum xf.

Another one deals with the characteristics ofperipheral Pb - Pb interactions.

[ 1 ] M.Gazdzicki ct al., (the Na49 Collaboration),NA49 results, Plenary talk at the Quark Matter2004 Conf. and Phys.Rev.C66(2002)054902

[2] A.Rybicki et al., (the NA49 Collaboration),Plenary Talk at the Strangeness in Quark Matter2003 Conference, to be published

[3] C.Alt et al., (the NA49 Collaboration), acceptedfor publication in Phys. Rev. Letters


6.5 The WA98 Experiment - Pb-Pb Collisions at 158 Gev/c PLO401712by K.Karplo ad T.Slerniarczuk for WA98 Collaboration

Photon Flow in 15 A GeV/c Pb + Pb Collisions substantial contribution of te genuine threc-pl(n

Directed and elliptic flow of 7� - decay potons in correlation, but not quite as large as expected for a15 A GeV Pb + Pb collisions has been studied near fully chaotic and symmetric source.

'di idity n an analysis [1] of ata obtained wththe photon spectrometer LEDA of (lie WA98 Centrality Dependence of Charged-Neutralexperiment at te CERN SPS. Preliminary esults on Particle Fluctuations in 15 A GcV/c Central 211,1�%

the apidity and transverse niomcntUrn dpendence f + 208Pb Collisionsthe flow have been obtained for VarlOUS Centrality Results on te study of localized fluctuations Il teCIIISSCS for PT 02 GeV/c nd 23 <v 29. Te results multiplicity of carged particles and potons rOCILICCd

are compared with the pion flow. in 15 A GeV/c Pb + Pb collsions a presented 131for varying entrality. Te charged versus neutral

One-, Two- and Three-Particle Distributions particle multiplicity correlations in common phasefrom 15 A GeV/c Central Pb + Pb Collisions space re-Ions of varying azirnuthal size ae analyzed

Several hadronic observables have e studied by two different methods. Various tpes f mixedevents are constructed to probe fluctuations arising[2] in central 158A GeV/c Pb + Pb collisions using

4"" from different sources. Te masured esults redata measured by te WA98 experiment at CERN: compared to those from simulations and from mxedsingle 7C .and - production, as well s two and tree- events. The comparison the pesence o non-The Wiedemann-Hc'nzpion interferometry. I

statistical fluctuations in both te charged particle adhydrodynanilcal model has been fitted to te pionphoton multiplicities in firnited azimuthal re"IMIS.spectrum, giving an estimate of the temperature andHowever, no orrelated charaed-ricutral fluctuations a

transverse flow elocity. Bose-Einstein correlationssignature of formation of dsoriented chiralbetween two identified have been analvsed as a possi I I

function of kT, using two dfferent parernetenzations. condensates, are observed. An upper limit o theThe results indicate that the source does ot have a production of disoriented chiral condensates is set.

strictly boost invariant expansion Or spend time in aIona-lived intermediate pase A cornparlson between

I M.M.Agaarwal et al., Nucl. Phys A 715 2003)data and a hydrodynamical simulation shows very 579caood aareement for the radil arameters as a fnction11 [2] M.M.Aggarwal et al., Phys. Rev. C 67 2003)of' kT Te pion phase-space density at freeze-out has 014906been measured and aarees well with the Tom�gik-Heinz model. A large pion cemical potential close to [3] M.M.Aggarwal et al.. Phys. Rev. C 67 2003)

the condensation limit Of 171, seems to be excluded. 044901The three-pion Bose-Einstein interferometry shows a I 111111 11111 11111 11111 line 11111 1111 1111

PLO401713

6.6 A 256-Chanel Electromagnetic Calorimeter Based on the Lead-tungstate Crystalsby A.Deloff, K.Karplo, T.Slenilarczuk ad G.Wilk for ALICE Collaboration

A large-scale prototype 256 detector. cannels) f eneray range of 06 - 180 GeV. In te test wt tethe ALICE/PHOS lectromagnetic spectrometer as negative pion barn, neutral pons as well as 77 -been developed. Te detector channel is based on a mesons were measured. The mesons were poduced lead tunastate cystal coupled to an APD wth a low- the inclusive reactions ;f + 12 C + X �Illdnoise prearnplifier. The pototype comprises the )T+ 12 C_477 +X at various negative pion encruics. Highfollowing subsystem: a Front-End-Electronics a encray and mass resolution has been achieved. Te11cooling/thermo-stabilization systems an LED cncray resolution is parametrized asmonitorinc, system, a CPV detector. The pototypewas operating at a temperature f - 250C. It was + bIL cdemonstrated, that with te used coohna then-no- E E TE,stabilization system, the temperature is stabilized to a with a 2 MeV/channel, b = 3 %, and I c.level of better than 010C. The pototype was tested

The mass resolution of 7 MV for 7� peak a 18with electron and pion bams Of te CERN PS andSPS accelerators. In the test with te electron beam, MeV for 77 peak has been achieved.energy resolutio ad lnearity were studied in a broad

98 Annual Rport 2003

6.7 Phenemonology of thepp --4pp77 Reaction Close to Thresholdby A.Deloff

01q_ The recent hh statistic measurement f the factor. The measured pp and i]p effective rnass spectra0 pp---�pp?7 reaction at an excess energy Q = 55 MeV can be well eproduced by liffing the standard on-shell

has been anal sed by rneans of' ptial wave approximation in the enhancement factor a bydecomposition of the cross section. Gided by t allowing or linear energy dependence in te leadingC� '=1dominance f the final state 'So I)p interaction (FSI), -'Po -> 'So, s partial wave amplitude. Higher partialwe keep only terms nvolving te FSI enhancemcnt waves seem to play only a marginal role.

6.8 CELSIUS/WASA Experimentby AXLIP�6, P.Marciniewsk], A.Nawrot, J.Stepanjak

In 2003 47c Wide Angle Shower Apparatus detector that covers scattering angle frorn 3 to I

Z, t,(WASA) has been commissioned and used for studies degrees. The clear peak at the il mass as been

Lo of production decays and oflight mesons at CELSIUS observed wth full width at half maximum qual tostorage rng In Uppsala. The unique 1.'aCility: -al from pompt 3no productionwindowless hydrogen pellet target as used. Internal was ound to be small (about %). The total coss

0 1-1 C�1q, proton beam nteracted with the pellet. section for the prompt 37co production was ound to be0

The data at 400 MeV incident poton energy was equal to 2 ± 04 �Lb (Nuct. Phys. A721,2003).

used for calibration purposes. Large arnOUnL of data Further study of multiple charge pion poductionwas collected at the incident poton energy of was performed and the results were published in Phys.1360 MeV. The production of co s and Is in PP Rev. C67(2003)052202.

collisions as been studied slecting pp2g, 1,?1)4g, 1?1)6g The data were collected with the tr'aaer based onfinal states. Iclc�

the requirement of six charged particles in the event IIIThe 77 meson from the pp - ppq eaction was order to study the semileptonic 77 meson decay into

tagged via requirement f two potons in the forward e7f ee-. The analysis s in progress.

6.9 Local Equilibrium of the Quark-gluon Plasmaby St.Mr6wczyfiski PLO401716

Equilibration mechanism of' the qLiark-gluon to the configurations that comply with the so-calledplasma has recently become very puzzling as t collislonal invariants. The second one is iven by theexperiments performed at Relativistic Heavy-Ion distribution functions that cancel the collision tcrrnsCollider (RHIC) in Bookhaven National Laboratory representing the most probable binary nteractions.revealed tat the quark-gluon system, which emerges The two sets of solutions aree with each other if oneat the early stage of high-energy nucleus-nLICICUS goes beyond these dominant processes. The mostcollision, thernializes surprisingly ast. In the course important finding of our study is that the localof equilibration a many-body systern first eaches a equilibrium state is colorful as the color charges aelocal equilibrium and then it evolves not locally neutralized. We have discussed popertieshydrodynamically, usually at a much slower ate, of such an equilibrium state. In particular, the elatedtowards the global equilibrium. We have udertaken hydrodynamic equations of a colorful fluid have beenan effort [11 to determine local equilibrium derived. As the local equilibrium is not color neutral,confi-urations f quark-gluon plasma wthin te the question arises how the plasma becomes colorless.kinetic theory. Such a configuration maximizes by We argue that color collective penomena, whic aedefinition the local entropy. We ave used the well- very fst, are responsible for whitening of the quark-established transport equations of quarks and gluons gluon plasma.in the Vasov limit but we have supplemented tem

with the collision terms of the Waldmann-Snidej, [I] C.Manuel and St.Mr6wczyfiskI, Phys. Rev. D68form. Two different classes f local equilibrium (2003)094010solutions have been found. The first one corresponds


6.10 Participation in the CMS Eperiment at the LHC Acelerator at CERNby M.Bl , R.Gokleli, L.Go§cilo, M.G6rsk1, P.Traczyk, G.Wrochna and P.Zalewski PLO401717U.)

Out- roup participates i te peparations of' the particles. The possibility of detecting suc xdCompact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the states decaying into electron, muon and photo prsfuture LHC accelerator at CERN. According to the has been studied. A method of determining tilepresent planning the accelerator sould povide first observed esonance's spin-2 nature by analyzingproton-proton collisions in the year 2007. Te angular distributions of its decay poducts is soexperiment has now entered its decisive phase of investigated.

construction of the subdetectors and peparation of the The results are shown in Fg. 1, showing tenecessary software. parameter space of the model along wth 95% CL

The principal dornain of our interest lies in the exclusion boundaries for cyraviton detection and 90%construction of the electronics of the muon tr'aacring probability boundaries for spin determination. Tesystern based on the Resistive Plate Cambers. In this whole interesting region should be covered, ai'ter ayear we presented our results during te Electronics year f runninc, the LHC at its design luminosity.System Review meeting held in Warsaw in July by theCMS. The findings of the eview show good progress Spi,-1 Exci.d,-d PYTHIA CMSJET

in our work.Electro eptons

During year 2003 we have continued studies of theRS M.del

Resistive Plate Chambers, which are to be used in the Excl.d.d

rnuon tr ager. Special mhasis was put on the chamberperformance with the gas mxture adopted for te Id-sti"g egi..

1 T.Vexperiment. The results were presented at the V11-thConference on Resistive Plate Chambers and RelatedDetectors in Clermont-Ferrand.

We continued also simulation studies concerning Uons

various processes and new particles poposed by

current extensions of te Standard Model which may Fig. I The parameter space of the Randall-SundrUrn 1&�'

be observed at the LHC. The aim of the simulation is exclusion limit s for 100fb-' intem-ated lminosity. Te CXCIUded

to determine the possibility of.' dscovery of- tose region lies above the CUrves. The graviton's spin is determined byfor tl1er excluding the spin- I ypothesis.phenomena and define the best strategy

analysis. Another extension of the SM called tile

Theories with extra spatial dmensions ae one Of supersymmetry (SUSY) pi-edicts te existence o.'the many possible extensions of the Standard Model. partners of presently known particles wth spinOne of those theories is the Randall-Sundrurn model, differing by one half. One of the realizations of` theon which we focused our studies. One of the SUSY, known as the Gauae Mediated SUSYphenomena that ae pedicted by it is the appearance Breaking, proposes the cascade decays of new, heavyof massive excitations of the rraviton. They appear as particles. We find, that within certain limits of' teresonances with mass of the order of I TeV and can be parameter space, they may be seen in the CMSdetected fi-om. their decays into Standard Model detector.

6.11 The LHC-b Experiment at CERNby M.Adamus, A.Nawrot, K.Syryczy6ski and M.Szczekowski PLO401718

LHC-b is a hadron collider experiment inTo fully exploit the high lorward bb poduction

preparation at CERN. The main goal of the LHC-b cross-section at LHC energies, te LHC-b experimentZDexperiment is to search for new physics through

has been desianed as a sinale-arm. 1.'Orwardprecise tests of the heavy-flavour sector of theStandard Model. Te most strinuent test is expected to spectrometer running in .collider mode. Important

characteristics of the experiment are:be provided by a combination of' precisemeasurements of CP violation in t B meson systern. An excellent hadronic particle identification over aThe unitarity of the Cabibbo - Kobayash - Maskawa larae momentum range (1-'rom I to 150 GcV/c)matrix implies elations between matrix elements tat provided by three Rng Imaalna Cherenkovcan be raphically represented as so-called unitarity (RICH) detectors. This is essential both 1or te

exclusive reconstruction of hadronic B decatriangles. The LHC-b experiment intends to measure yall the parameters of the two triangles relevant for the modes and to ta(y the neutral hadrons initial

meson system with a very good precis' flavour.


• In addition to hgh - p, lepton triggers tere will be inside te straws and fixed in these positions using tea hgh - p, hadron trigger. This trigger, as well as wire locators nsertion tool. The prepared straws aethe low thresholds for the lepton triggers, ensure a then placed and glued on the panels using a specialhigh triaoer efficiency also f0r purely hadronic B template with 64 rooves to assure exact positioningdecays. of the straws in the modules Fig. 1 2. After alucing

the panel with straws is placed on the wring machine.A ood proper tirne resolution, necessary toThe 25 4m tungsten/gold wire is sucked through thestraws, tensioned to 70 a and soldered to the printedresolve the fst Bo - B ( oscillations, is povided

S S circuit boards at the ends of the straws. All these toolsby te vtex detectors This device will provide a have been nstalled in Warsaw laboratory.40 ltrn esolution on the interaction point along the

11 The second prototype module has been constructedbeam axis.

• A ood mass esolution is provided by te tracking in Warsaw SINS laboratory. It consists of 128 strawsZ1 of mm diameter and 100 cm length Fig.3). The HV

system. Because of hgh particle density close to 11the beam axis, the racking system is split into tests were performed indicating that all te wires keep

1-1 1800 V. Two straw tube layers, ach carried aouter and inner subsysterns at a adius of sandwich panel, ae then oned face to face; teapproximately 0.5 m. lateral strips ae ued on and closure of te module

box is completed by gluing a plug of FR4 materialbetween the PCBs of the two straw tube layers. Aftcrthat the box with the two panels and aluminiurn sidestrips was closed allowing further tests of the module.The preliminary results indicate that the module is astight and performs as required.

Fig. Soldering te "ton-Lies" of straws to pads in printed Circuit

board to asure the proper rounding of te straws.

The Warsaw group is involved in the poduction of'about 13 of straw chambers modules for te LHCbtracking system. The modules should be produced llclean environment with a constant temperature andhumidity. To ulfill these conditions a clean room witha surface of about 70 rn- has been built in thelaboratory of Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies(SINS) High Energy Physics department. Asophisticated, automated air conditioning system

(VTS CLIMA) maintains the temperature within ± I' Fig. 3 The detail of the module construction: te secondar gas

and the humidity within ± 5 % A very fine grained N1011.11ne i made frorn little plastic inserts.

filter povides clean room class 100000 specifications. Electronics engineers from the 3 rd department oi'All these conditions are necessary to maintain te hghquality of the produced modules. the Institute are involved in the design and tests of te

Readout Supervisor, the main control unit for the Datat Acquisition system of the LHC-b experiment and the

Detector Control System of the Outer Tracker detector(slow control).

I LHCb - Trigger System Technical Dsign Rport.,R.Antunes et al. CERN/LHCc 2003-3 ,Sept.2003.r

[21 LHCb - Reciptimization Detector Design andPerformance, R.Antunes et al. CERN/LHCc

Fig. 2 One meter template is sed for te correct positionin ofthe 64 straws in one half of the module. Te straws a held in the 2003-30, Sept. 2003.grooves by the vacuum ystern. [3] M.Adarnus et al. ,Results from first tests cifa

The production of modules requires several tools prototype straw dft chamber module o tewhich should be designed and constructed in the Outer Tracker detector in the LHCb experiment"

Report IPJ, April 2003.laboratory. The straws should be precisely cut t the [4] A.Adamus et al, "Production of I m prototype"

ified length n a special cutting machine. Plasticspeci I I Report SINS-Z-VI-4/2003wire locators are placed in the well defined positions

DEPARTMENT OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS IM

PLO401719

6.12 COMPASS (NA-58) Experimentby O.Grajek, K.Kowallk, K.Kurek. A.Mlelech, J.Nassalski, E.Rondio, A.Sandacz and W.Wiglicki

The COMPASS experiment at CERN was built to 71 %. The progress in collecting of the data is shown

study nucleon spin structure and charmed hadrons in Fig. 1. About 20 of these data were taken wt aCspectroscopy 1. Its main oal is to determine the transverse target polarization.

gluon polarization (AGIG) in a nucleon, usin(Tinteractions of polarized rnuoris with polarizednucleon target and selecting final states wth largecontribution from photon-aluon usion pocess. Thegluon polarization will be obtained fom double spinlongitudinal asymmetries, usin eents ith charmedmesons (Do and D*) and even s with pairs of chargedhadrons with large PT- In both cases the measurements .. ..............

of Q2, 03cover a broad range from about to aboveV2,10 Ge thanks to an extended triacler system.

In order to suppress systematic uncertainties, LI ................. ... ... ...................... ... .... ... ... ..... ................ ..................... ... ...... .......... ..

two-cell target is being used. During data tak'na botI h Fig. Accumulated data size in TB) vs. nmber ofdays ofcells ae polarized in opposite dections and these collecting of data, for COMPASS 2003 run.polarizations ae eversed during each run (8 hour-Iona perlods of data taking). The tar-ct cells can be Our group participated in data collecting, takingpolarized longitudinally or transversely, relative to a part in shifts 48 h/person). We are involved in tebeam direction, 6and both these options ae used. In following analyses of physics data: () "open-charm"2003 we used a LID target polarized up to 57 %, and (Do and D' mesons) poduction, (11) high-/ T adroll-a beam of 160 GeV polarized to about 76 pairs production, both aimed at extraction of AGIG,

The COMPASS setup is a two-staae forward and (ii) exclusive production of vector mesons usingspectrometer, equipped with two large-aperture very large amount of data in a low Q2 region. Tese1;�magnets, and it consists of two sections: Small Angle analyses are fairly advanced, and some of the resultsSpectrometer (SAS) and Large An-le Spectrometer should by published in 2004. We also participate Ill(LAS). Its design has been optimised to cope with a aux I fo - COMPASS [2-5]. Manyhigh beam rate 2 x 108 muons/spill) and re quirement preliminary physics results were shown at dverseof larae anaular acceptance. Tracks of' charged conferences and workshops in 2003. Fig 2 shows alparticles in a beam region are reconstructed using example of COMPASS esults, pobably t ost

scintillation fibers. A near-beam region is covered by important one in 2003 - a difference of a mass of' D2'novel aseous detectors - McroMeaas and GEMs. Far meson and invariant mass of its decay poducts - Kfrom a beam tracking is performed with straw and 7r mesons. A peak associated with Do meso ischambers, drift chambers and MWPC detectors. The clearly visible.larae RICH detectors used in the first spectrometer to

350identify charged particles, is essential for theidentification of decay products of charmed mesons.

300Both spectrometers are equipped with hadroncalorimeters, as well as muon detectors.

250The trigger system is based on severalse ntillating-hadoscope planes, covering together a

of Q2broad range and it also uses signals from 200

hadronic calorimeters. The tria-er rate is of the orderof 10 kHz. 150'

The data acquisition and eadout systems ae basedon ppellned architecture, data transfer via S-Link, 100buffering of bursts and on the network event buidingThe total number of channels is 250 k, the event size sois 45 kB and the data rate is 35 MB/s 3 TB/day).

PreliminaryNearly 300 TB were collected in 2003. 0 - .1 ....... . ..... ..... .. .......... . ........

Data taking in a year 2003 covered period of 19 -400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400

weeks, from May to September. The experiment M,.,-M, (MeV)suffered from several poblems wth te PS beam Fig.2 Differenceofai-nassofD')mesonandinvai-iantniassol'ilsequipment. The efficiency of' a bearn dlivery was decay products K and Tc mesons A clear peak aound is associated

only about 58 % while the data takin eiciency was 'ith D rneson


[1] G.Baum et al., Common Muon and Poton (4] O.Grajek, ... , A.Sandacz, Color tansparency atApparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy. COMPASS via coherent exclusive vector esonProposal, CERN/SPSLC 96-14, SPSC/P 297, production, Proc. of the Advanced Study InstituteMarch 1, 1996 Workshop on Symmetries and Spin, Praha, 2002,

[2] K.Kowalik, Gluon polarization frorn SMC Czech J. Phys. Suppl. B53(2003)189experiment, Proc. ofthe X Workshop on Hgh [5] A.Sandacz, Studies of exclusive processes in el)Energy Spin Physics, NATO ARW Sp1n03, scattering, Proc. of the Current and FutureDubna, Sept. 2003 (in press) Directions at RHIC Conf., RHIC, BNL, 2002,

[31 A.Sandacz, Search or color tansparency, Proc. BNL-71035-2003of the Current and Futur Dections at RHICConf., RHIC, BNL, 2002 BNL-71035-2003

6.13 Experiment PP2PP at RHICby A.Sandacz PLO401720

The experiment PP2PP studies the elastic not permit to discriminate between various models forscattering of polarized protons at Relativistic Heavy elastic pp scattering.

Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National More data were taken durina te next poton-Laboratory in an unexplored energy ran ge, proton un at RHIC, in May 2003. An upgrade of'

60< js 500 GV. several essential components of the PP2PP apparatus

The analysis of the data from the first pp un at and data acquisition was accomplished before the runRHIC, which took place in 2002, was finalized in 2003. Namely, all previously used silicon mcrostrip2003 and the results were published. During the 2002 detectors were replaced by the ones rom Harnarnatsu

Photonics, the VME module for the readout ol'siliconrun a dedicated accelerator tune enabled the PP2PP detectors was modified, four additional Roman potexperiment to collect about 3 10" elastic events in ashort, 14 hour en-ineerina run at a center of mass stations were installed and equipped with detectors.

- "I 1:1 Compared to the 2002 run, the conditions for theenergy of s = 200 GeV and 0005< 1 t 1 <0.030 GCV2. PP2Pp data taking in 2003 were more favourable wth1-1The total intensity of each beam was 10" luminosity 4 times higher, the beam polarization 50 %I C,distributed arnona 55 bunches. The magnitude and te higher and data takina time 3 on-er. The collectedsign of the polarization of each poton beam were statistic of elastic events is about 3 min.

known for the individual bunches. The data frorn this Altogether, due to the mentioned factors te datatechnical run, apart fom tests of the experimental collected in 2003 will allow much more precisesetup, also allowed to obtain the first physics results determination of physics observables. For instance,for elastic proton na, namely the slope b the statistical error on parameter b is expected to be of the diffractive peak and the analyzing power AN in times smaller, and the error on AN about 7 timesthe ran ae 0. I <I t I < 002 GeV2. smaller. Due to additional Roman pot stations andC�

The esults were shown at several nternational high quality silicon detectors, also systematic errorsconferences in 2003; see e.-. Ref [1]. The measured are expected to decrease sgnificantly.

slope parameter b was published in Ref 2 whichalso describes the experimental setup and te detailsof the analysis. The slope measured by PP2PP is [1] S.Bijltmannetal.,,,Experimentpp2ppatRHIC".consistent with the value obtained from an presented on behalf of PP2PP collaboration byextrapolation between results at lower eneroles at ISR I.G.Alekseev at the intern. conf. "Spin-Dubna-and the ones for hher eneraies rom Tevatron for 2003", Dubna, Russia, to appear in the proc.

[21 S.Billtmann et al., Phys. Lett. B579(2004)245pp collisions. However, the large statistical and

systematic errors of the fst PP2PP measurement do

T- .14 Neutrino Experimentsby D.Kielczewska, T.Kozlowski, P.Przewlocki, E.Rondio, J.StepaniakM.Szeptycka, and J.Zalipska

0IT The physicists from IPJ (ZI1 and ZVI), Warsaw J.Zalipska and T. Kozlowski frorn 11 IPJ participate0 University and Warsaw Technical University in the experiments ICARUS Imaging Cosmic and

a_ participate in works of Warsaw Nutrino Goup. The Rare Underground Snals), SuperKamlokande ad

physicists from ZVI JPJ D.Klelczewska, K2K.

P.Przewlocki, E.Rondio, J.Stepaniak, M.Szeptvcka,


Neutrino physics is attractive for young physicists construction of special high precision "tabic".

1. 5 PhD students (fi-om IPJ, Warsaw University Warsaw's responsibility is the mechanical part of' theand Warsaw Technical University) participate in our "table". For ts part the technical drawings are

finished, necessary materials ordered and majority of'research. .1 12. About 20 persons attend eekly serninar on them is aeady delivered and the preliminary tests

performed.neutrino physics organized by DKlefczewska ad

4. Due to the unexpected delays in te installatlMlE.Rondio.of ICARUS 600 ton module in the LindffLTOLlnd

3. The lectures From neutrinos to cosmic laboratory in Gan Sasso environment protectionsources" were given at Waras University by D. rules) Polish Group will participate i ts work llKielczewska and E. Rondio. 2004.

Warsaw group collaborates closely with other K2K experimentPolish neutrino groups from University of Silesia,

C7

Institute f ' NucIcar Physics in Cracov, Jaglellonlan 1. The oscillation f v w dscovered llUniversity and Wroclaw UnIversit)/. experiments with atmospheric v. It was trefore

The description of ICARUS, the experiments crucial to confirm this observation and masuredwhich will be performed in ts detector and some values of oscillation parameters In a Iong aseresults of the analysis of test data taken n 2001 were experiment with v bearn.

I Pdescribed in 2002 issue of IPJ Report. On te basis of 250 km (distance from the KEK

In te last year the basic airns of Warsaw Neutrino accelerator to SuperKamlokande detector) K2KTeam wre confirmed the previous Supei-Kamlokandc

0 Experiment ICARUS observation. This result is published.

1. The feasibility studies of the appearance of v, in 2. An important question in v physics is temeasurement of the oscillation parameters i al

ICARUS obtained with CNGS beam. Tis requires the appearance experiment v V, In K2K experimentGeneration of signal" charge current V, interactions -

close" detectors control te admixture of v, ll vCC events) and background" (CC events poduced beam at the production target. J. Zalipska from Ourby v, and by beam contaminations). Samples of events group is in charge of running "close" H)O detectorwere gencrated with NUANCE3 code, using CNGS and of analyzes of te data to establish te selectlMlbeam characteristics, and assuming an ideal detector. I i IOn the basis of kinematics of production and criteria of v, CC interaction and their admMI-11- I I

decay, set of "jet like" variables wer cosen and the primary v beam.3. K2K experiment is running and members of'results obtained with two methods f separation f

s gnal from background were compared. The collaboration participate in shifts at Super-following methods were used: Kamiokande.

- neural network method (this analysis was done in 4. Work on improvement of smulation code(NUANCE 3 is in progress.collaboration with Warsaw Tchnical Uiversity) C,

- likelihood methods 0 Further plans of Warsaw Neutrino Group:

The description f neural network ethod and the 1. To take part in the installation and running il ofobtained esults a eady for publication as an T600 in Gran Sasso and in atmospheric v taking

ICARUS note. In t described analysis the 2. To finish the analysis of the methods ofpolarization of -c was assumed to be 100%. It is not selection of v, Charge Current nteractions, ATiting aclear how this value influences selection sults. The publication.

incorporation of the correct polarization into te 3. To include in search for v, analusis ie ef'f'cctsgeneration code is in progress.I 11:1 of polarization. These results should be published

2. Some esults of the analysis of test data taken and also included in a PhD thesis.

with 300 ton ICARUS module hav aeady been 4. To analyze the T� production with aim of nergypublished (5 publications). Further analysis of testdata is in progress. It includes studies of calibration of LAr detector.

.zl 5. To build the mechanical part of "table" r theelectromagnetic component associated with ]flesh

fabrication of ead out chamber wes for 1200 tonenergy muons, and ioproduction.LAr module

3. Polish Nutrino Goup obtained from KBN the 6. To participate in tile poduction of' 57 000financial support for te participation in the

wires.construction of the ton Liquid Argon detector.Polish task is to ppare 57 00 wes for the 1200I-Ar module ead out chambers. This task requires a


CMi CMij o

i _ li D L

6.15 Eksperiment „n of the Sky"by K.Nawrocki, M.Sokolowski and G.Wrochna for "TC of the Sky" Collaboration

The „rc of the Sky" experiment [I] is designed tosearch for short optical flashes in the sky. The mainmotivation is to look for optical counterparts ofGamma Ray Bursts (GRB) [2], GRB are 0.1-100 sshort pulses of gamma rays emitted by cxtragalacticsources. Intensity of the burst is often higher than thetotal background from all other gamma ray sources inthe sky.

So far, phenomena responsible for GRB have notbeen unambiguously identified. There arc hints thatcertain type of supernovae explosions could be thesource of bursts energy. Among other hypotheses areneutron star collisions leading to black hole creationor quark star collapse. Certainly, in such kind ofprocesses extremely high energy density states arccreated, by far exceeding those achievable in modernparticle accelerators. Study of those phenomena maybring new information about fundamental interactionsinvolved in processes responsible for bursts and givenew direction to particle physics.

In order to proceed with understanding the physicsof GRB one needs to observe them also inwavelengths different than gamma rays [3], So far,only about 30 GRB (out of several thousand delectedby satellites) were identified with optical sources. Allbut one were observed by large telescopes, manyhours after the GRB. Only once a bright optical Hashwas observed, a few seconds after GRB trigger. It wascaught by a small robotic telescope guided by satellitesignals towards a given position in the sky [41. Sincethen, about two dozens of similar devices search forGRB related flashes all over the world. Unfortunately,the delay of the signal received from the satellite andthe inertia of the device itself make the chance for theflash observation within a minute to be rather small. Anovel approach is needed to be able to study shortoptical flashes in a systematic way.

The „n of the Sky" project is an attempt to applyexperimental techniques of particle physics fordetection of cosmic optical flashes. The apparatuscovers most of the visible hemisphere down to about20° above horizon. It consists of two sets of 16 cameralenses of focal length 50mm. All lenses are attached toa CCD camera with 2000x2000 pixels. Most of theanalysis is performed in real time (on-line). Multileveltrigger system searches 60MB/s data stream foroptical flashes of 11-12 magnitudo and duration of theorder of 5 s. The system will be installed at LasCampanas Observatory (LCO) in Chile to profit fromhigh altitude, clean atmosphere and clear sky overmost of the year.

So far two prototype cameras (Fig. 1) have beenbuilt and tested at observing site in Brwinów nearWarsaw. Over 30 GB of data have been collected over50 nighls. Those data have been used (o develop

effective flash recognition algorithms (Fig. 2).Currently two new cameras are being assembled.After testing they will be placed on a motorized mount(Fig. 1) installed at LCO.

The project is conducted in collaboration withPrinceton University, Center of Theoretical PhysicsPAS in Warsaw, Warsaw University and WarsawUniversity of Technology. It is partially funded by agrant from State Committee for Scientific Research -KBN.

Fig. 1 Motorized mount with prototype cameras.

I 10'

10s 5-

10* —

Magnitude - 9.96

cosmic n plateau

1 0 ' U •:'. '

10'

0.8 0.9 1Eiliclency

>

" rT 10* \=-

Magnitude = 9.96

t103

Fig 2 False trigger rate [evcnts/h/16 cameras] vs detectionefficiency for a single camera (upper plot) and coincidence of twocameras (lower plot) for different algorithms.

[ 1 ] G.Wrochna et al., "Apparatus to search for opticalflashes of astronomical origin", Proc. of SPIE,5125(2003)359

[21 B.Zhang and P.Meszaros, astro-ph/0311321[31 B.Paczyński, astro-ph/0108522[41 K.Akerlofet al., Nature 398:400, 1999


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SEARCH FOR AN LSP GLUINO AT LEP WITH THE DELPHI DETECTORJ.Abdallah, R.Gokieli,.I.Ktirowska-Hoffnian, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Smukowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski et ill.EurPhys. J C26(2003)505

MEASUREMENTS OF INELASTIC J/PSI AND PSI-PRIME PHOTOPRODUCTION AT HERAS. Chekanov, M.Adarnus et al.Eur.Ph�vs. J C27(2003)173

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ZZ PRODUCTION IN e'e- INTERACTIONS AT S"(1/2 = 183 GeV TO 209 GeVJ.Abdallah, R.Gokieli,.J.Ktirowska-Hoffnian, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski etal.Ettr.Ph.vs. J 30(2003)447

INVESTIGATION OF KL.S -- Xr- e'e- DECAYSA.Lai, J.Nassalski, E.Rondio, M.Szleper, AVAN'iglicki, S.Wronka et al.Eur.Phys. J 30(2003)33

JET PRODUCTION IN CHARGED CURRENT DEEP INELASTIC ep SCATTERING AT HERAS.Chekanov, N.Adarnus et al.Eur.Phys. J 31(2003)14

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SPIN STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS IN NEUTRINO SCATTERING EXPERIMENTSM.SzleperNuc1.1nst.Me1h.A 503(2003)270

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AN ULTRA-THIN-WALLED SOLENOID FOR THE CELSIUS/WASA EXPERIMENTR.I.M.Y.Ruber, A.Namrot et al.Nitcl.hist.Meth. A 503(2003)431

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STUDY OF THE AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY OF JETS IN NEUTRAL CURRENT DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING ATHERAS.Chekanov, M.Adanius et al.Phvs.Lett.B551(2003)226

SEARCH FOR DOUBLY CHARGED HIGGS BOSSONS AT LEP-2J.Abdallah. R.Gokieli,.T.Ktirovi!ska-Hoffnian, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski etal.Ph�w.Lett.B552(2003)127

OBSERVATION OF THE STRANGE SEA IN THE PROTON VIA INCLUSIVE PHI MESON PRODUCTION IN NEUTRALCURRENT DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HERAS.Chckanov, M.Adanius et al.Plo�s.Leit.B553(2003)141

SEARCH FOR THE DECAY Ks ---) Ti",(y

A.Lai, J.Nassalski, E.Rondio,.M.Szleper, NVAN'iglicki, S.Wronka et al.PhVs.Len.B556(2003)105

BOSE-EfNSTEIN CORRELATIONS OF CHARGED KAONS IN CENTRAL Pb+Pb COLLISIONS AT 158-GEV PERNUCLEONS.V.Afanasiev, H.Bialkowska. B.Boiniska et al.Ph),s.Leit.B557(2003)157

MEASUERMENT OF SUBJET NULTIPLICITIES IN NEUTRAL CURRENT DEEP NELASTIC SCATTERING AT HERAAND DETERMINATION OF sS. Chekanov. NI.Adanius et al.Ph)!.v.Lett.B558(2003)41

SEARCH FOR SINGLE TOP PRODUCTION IN EP COLLISIONS AT HERAS. Chekanov, II.Adamus et al.Ph),,v.Lett.B559(2003)153

SCALING VIOLATIONS AND DETERMINATION OF s FROM JET PRODUCTION IN GAMMA P INTERACTIONS THERAS.Chekanov, M.Adamus et al.P1qs.Lett.B560(2003)7

INCLUSIVE B DECAYS TO WRONG SIGN CHARMED MESONSJ.Abdallah, R.GokielijXurowska-Hoffman, K.Navvrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski tal.Ph1,s.Lett.B561(2003)26

DUET ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN PHOTOPRODUCTION OF CHARM AT HERAS.Chekanov, M.Adamus et al.Ph)7s.Lett.B565(2003)87

SEARCH FOR THE STANDARD MODEL HIGGS BOSON AT LEPJ.Abdallah, R.Gokicii,.I.Ktirowska-Hoffniin, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptvcka, P.Zalevvski et l.Ph s.Lett.B505(2003)61

STUDY OF INCLUSIVE J/PSI PRODUCTION IN TWO PHOTON COLLISIONS AT LEP-2 WITH THE DELPHI DETECTORJ.Abdallah, R.Gokicii,.I.Ktirowska-Hoffnian, K.Namrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptvcka, P.Zalewski et,-II.Phvs.Le1t.B565(2003)76

MEASUREMENT OF INCLUSIVE F115 AND F',,,,, PRODUCTION IN Z DECAYS WITH THE DELPHI DETECTORJ.Abdallah, R.Gokieli, J.Kurowska-Hoffnian, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski et al.Ph.Vs.Lert.B569(2003)129

MEASUREMENT OF DEEP VIRTUAL COMPTON SCATTERING AT HERAS.Chekanov, M.Adanitis eta].P1qs.Lett.B573(2003)46

OBSERVATION OF THE RARE DECAY KsJ.R. Batley. NNI.Wiglicki et al.Ph.Vs.Leu.B576(2003)43

STUDY OF THE P P --> REACTION IN THE LOW-ENERGY TAIL OF THE ROPER RESONANCEJ. Patzold, J.Stepaniak et al.Phys.Rev. C67(2003)052202

CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE OF CHARGED-NEUTRAL PARTICLE-FLUCTUATIONS IN 15 A GEV PI3+PB COLLISIONSM.M.A,,,,,arwal, K.Karpio, T.Sieniiarcztik et al.Ph�w.Rev. C67(2003)044901


ONE-, TWO-, AND THREE-PARTICLE DISTRIBUTIONS FROM 15 A GEV/C CENTRAL PB+PB COLLISIONSM.M.A-arwal, K.Karpio, T.Sierniarczuk et al.Phvs. T'li.C67(2003)014906

DIRECTED AND ELLIPTIC FLOW OF CHARGED PIONS AND PROTONS IN Pb+Pb COLLISIONS AT 40-A-GEV AND158-A-GEV

C.Alt, B.Boimska, H.Bialkowska et al.Phvs.Rev. C68(2003)034903

CHRON/IODYNAMIC WEIBEL INSTABILITIES IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS.I.Randrup and St.MrowczynskiPlivS. Rev. C68(2003 034903

LOCAL EGUILIBRIUM OF THE QUARK-GLUON-PLASMAC.Manuel ad St.MrowczynskiPhys. Rev. D68(2003)094010

A ZEUS NEXT-TO-LEADING-ORDER QCD ANALYSIS OF DATA ON DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERINGS.Chekanov, N.Adanitis et al.Phys.Rev. D67(2003)012007

A SEARCH FOR RESONANCE DECAYS TO LEPTON JET AT HERA AND LIMITS ON LEPTOQUARKSS.Chekanov, M.Adan)tjs et al.Ph.vs.Rev. D68(2003)052004

EFFECTIVE ACTIONS FROM THE SOLUTIONS OF THE TRANSPORT EQUATIONSC.Manuel and StJN11r0wczvfisk-iPlivs. Rev. D67(2003)014015

INDICATIONS OF NEUTRINO OSCILLATION IN A 250 kin LONG-BASELINE EXPERIMENTM.H.Ahn, D.Kielczewska, J.Zalipska et al.Phvs.Rev.Leit. 90(2003)41801

KINEMATICALLY COMPLETE MEASUREMENT OF THE P D - P D ETA REACTIONJ.ZlornaftZLik, J.Stepaniak et al.Phys.Scripta 7104(2003)84

FIRST RESULTS OF THE CELSIUSIWASA EXPERIMENT1. Koch, A.Nawrot, J.Stepaniak et l.Ph.vs.Scripta 7704(2003)29

TWO-PION PRODUCTION IN PROTON PROTON COLLISIONS NEAR THRESHOLDB.Hoistad, J.Stepaniak at al.Ph.j�s.Scripta T104(2003)15

REPORT ON THE CHARGED DECAY PRODUCTS IDENTIFICATION POSSIBILITIES IN WASAM.Jacewicz, A.Nawrot,.T.Stepaniak et al.Ph.ys.Scripia T104(2003)98

KAMERA INTERNETOWA W DYDAKTYCE I POPULARYZACJI ASTRONOMIIG.Wrochna et al.Elektronika 112003

FINAL RESULTS FROM DELPHI ON THE SEARCHES FOR SM AND MSSM NEUTRAL HIGGS BOSONSJ.Abdallah, R.Gokieli_j.Kurowska-Hoffrnan, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski etal.Eit r. Ph.vs. �/ C( in /2 ress)

THE ETA-C 2980) FORMATION IN TWO-PHOTON COLLISIONS AT LEP ENERGIESJ.Abdallali, R.Gokieli, J.Ktirowska-Hoffman, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnovvski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski et al.Eur.Phvs. J C in press)

B-TAGGING IN DELPHI AT LEPJ.Abdallah, R.Gokieli_j.Kurowska-Hoffrnan, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski et al.Eur.Ph.vs. J C in press)

SEARCHES FOR SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLES IN e'e- COLLISIONS UP TO 208 GEV AND INTERPRETATION OFTHE RESULTS WITHIN THE MSSMJ.Abdallah, R.Gokieli, J.Kurowska-Hoffrnan, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptvcka, P.Zale'vvski et a.Eur. Ph v. J C in press)

STUDY OF ELECTRON RECOMBINATION IN LIQUID ARGON WITH THE ICARUS TPCF.Arneodo, D.Kielczewska. E.Rondio,.J.Stepaniak, M.Szeptycka, M.Szleper, J.Zalipska et al.Nucl.hist.Meth.A in press)

DEPARTMENT OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS ](9

DETECTION OF CERENKOV LIGHT EMISS [ON IN LIQUID ARGONF.Arneodo, D.Kiciczewska, E.Rondio,.I.Stepaniak, M.Szeptycka, M.Szleper, J.Zalipska et al.Nitcl.hisi.Meth.A in press)

ANALYSIS OF THE LIQUID ARGON PURITY IN THE ICARUS T600 TPCF.Arneodo, D.Kiciczewska, E.Rondio, J.Stepaniak, M.Szeptycka, M.Szleper, J.Zalipska et al.Nucl.hist.Meth.A in press)

FIRST MEASUREMENT OF PROTON-PROTON ELASTIC SCATTERING AT RHICS.13filtmann, A.Sandacz et al.Ph.),s.Left.B (iii press)

A MEASUREMENT OF THE BRANCHING FRACTIONS OF THE B-QUARK INTO CHARGED AND NEUTRAL 13-HADRONSJ.Abdallah, R.Gokieli, J.Kurowska-Hoffnian, K.Nawrocki, R.Sosnowski, M.Szczekowski, M.Szeptycka, P.Zalewski et al.Phys.Lett.B in press)

INTERFEROMETRY OF DIRECT PHOTONS IN CENTRAL Pb+Pb COLLISIONS AT 158 AGeVNI.M.A--arwal. K.Karpio, T.Sierniarczuk tal.PhyS. Rev. C in press)

OBSERVATION OF AN EXOTIC = 2, Q = 2 BARYON RESONANCE IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS AT THECERN SPSC.Alt, H.Bialkowska, B.Boiniska, V.Trubiiikov etal.Plow.Rev.Lett. in press)

MEASUREMENT OF HIGHQ2 CHARGED CURRENT CROSS SECTIONS IN eP DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING ATHERAS.Chekanov, M.Adarnus et al.Eur.Phys J C in press)

AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY OF PHOTON AND CHARGED PARTICE EMISSION IN Pb+Pb COLLIcions AT 158 AGcVM.M.A-,arval, K.Karpio, T.Siemiarczuk et al.Eur.Phvs J C in press)

RAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF INCLUSIVE PHOTONS IN Pb+Pb COLLISIONS AT 158 A,-eVM.M.A--arval, K.Karpio, T.Sierniarczuk et al.Eur. Plow J C in press)

COLLECTIVE FLOW OF INCLUSIVE PHOTONS IN 158 A-eV Pb+Pb COLLISIONSM.M.Aggarval, K.Karpio, T.Siemiarczuk et al.Eurphvs J C in press)

STRANGENESS FROM 20-A-GEV TO 158-A-GEVC.Alt, B.Boimska, II.Bialkowska et al..1. Phys. G in press)

SYSTEM SIZE DEPENDENCE OF STRANGENESS PRODUCTION AT 158-A-GEVI.Kraus,, B.Boimska, H.Bialkowska et al.J. Ph-vs. G in press)

Q AND W PRODUCTION IN PB + PB AND PP COLLISIONS AT 30-a-Gev, 40-A-GEV AND 158-A-GEVM.Mitrovski, B.Boimska, H.Bialkowska t al..1. Ph vs. G in ress)

AND'-:--+ PRODUCTION IN PB + PB COLLISIONS AT 40-A-GEV AT CERN SPSC.Meurer, , B.Boimska, H.Bialkowska et al..1. Ph-vs. G in press)

OBSERVATION OF K"s K"s RESONANCES IN DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HERAS.Chckanov, M.Adamus et al.Phys.Lett.B in press)

FIRST OBSERVATION OF THE Ks Te'yy DECAYA.Lai, J.Nassalski, E.Rondio, M.Szleper, NNV.Wiglicki, S.Wronka et al.Phys.Lett.B in press)

FLUCTUATIONS AND DECONFINEMENT PHASE TRANSITION IN NUCLEUS NUCLEUS COLLISIONSM.Gazdzicki, St.Mrowczynski, and M.I.GorensteinPhys.Lett.B in press)

TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM FLUCTUATIONS IN NUCLEAR COLLISIONS AT 158 AGEVT.Anticic, H.Bialkowska, B.Boirnska, v.Trubnikov et al.Phvs. Rev. C in press)


ENERGYAND CENTRALITY DEPENCENCE OF DEUTERON AND PROTON PRODUCTION IN PB+PB COLLISIONS ATCERN-SPST.Anticic. 11.13ialkowska, B.Boimska, V.Truhnikov et l.11h.vs. Re v. C (i i p ress)

INTERNAL NOTES AND REPORTS

BARYON SPECTROSCOPY AND A SEARCH FOR PENTAQUARK STATES WITH THE NA49 DETECTORV.Cerny, 11.Bialkowska, B.Boiniska. V.Trubnikov et l.CERN-SPSC-2003-025, CERN-SPSC-1-227

COMPLEMENTARITY OF A LOW-ENERGY PHOTON COLLIDER AND LHC PHYSICSD.Asner, N..Szleper et l.hep-ph10308103

ALICE COLLABORATION, ALICE PHYSICS PERFORMANCE REPORT, ALICE PPR, vol IP.Cortese, A.Deloff, K.Karpio,'r.Sierniarezuk etal.Report CERN. CERNILHCC 2003-049

PHOTON MULTIPLICITY DETECTOR. Addendum to ALICE TDR6P.Cortese, A.Deloff, K.Karpio, T.Sierniarezuk, etal.Report CERN, CERNILHCC 2003-038,2003,45 paqes

TRIGGER, DATA AQUISITION, HIGH LEVEL TRIGGER AND CONTROL SYSTEM, ALICE TDR 10P.Cortese, A.Dcloff, K.Karpio, T.Siemiarczuk, et a.Report CERN. CERJV1LHCC-2003-062. 2003

CONCEPTUAL ESIGN OF HO SCINTILLATORS IN THE RPC MUON TRIGGERGAVrochna, et al.CA4S NOTE-20031009

SEARCH FOR COLOR TRANSPARENCYA.SandaczBNL-71035-2003 (P'orlnol Report) 97

STUDIES OF EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES IN el) SCATTERING AT ECA.SandaczBNI,-71035-2003 Pormal Report) 357


RESULTS ON c/F AND CPV EFFECTS IN K --> mice FROM NA48J.1'.Nassalski (invited tlk)New trends i high-energi! physics-Ailla, Ukraina 3-31 Alm. 2003

STRANGENESS AT CERN13.13ialkowska iited talk)XXV11th Mazurlan Lakes Conftenece n Physics, K-',,.e. 31ALtq - 7 Sept. 2003

HEAVY ON PHYSICS AT CERNB.Bialkowska, invited talk)2nd Wrsaw Afeefin o 1arficle correlatiomy and Resonances in Hemy lon Collisions. Warscm,,, Sept. 2003

DIRECT CP VIOLATION IN NEUTRAL KAON DECAYSIAI.Wisficki ivited talk)1,Vth Interwitional Swnposittln o Particles Srings and Cosmology, Iumbai 38 an. 2003

FIRST POTOTYPE OF THE CROSSGRID TESTBEDJ.Marco, WAN19ficki et al., invite tlk)1"Acrossgrittv Cnlerence, Santiago de Cmposrella. 12-14 1ebr 2003

EVENT-BY-EVENT FLUCTUATIONS IN HIGH-ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLSIONSSt.N'lr0Nvczvfiski. invited talk)Conftrence Topics in Heavv lon Collisimis ". Montreal, Cemada, 25 - 28 Ame 2003

TRANSPORT THEORY OF QUARK-GLUON-PLASMASt.N1r0wczNrfiski ivited talk)39-th tVinfer School o'77woretical Physics Foundations of Quark-Ghton Plasma ", Ldek drjj 2 12f'eb 2003

SUM RULE OF THE CORRELATION FUNCTIONSt.N1r0wczNrf1ski, (invited talk)Second arscm, Meeting on Particle Correlations find Resonances in Heavy lon Collisions, Warsaw, 1 - 8 Oct. 2003

DEPARTMENT OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS

TWO-PION PRODUCTION IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONSM.Bashkanov, J.Stepaniak et al., (invited talk)HADRON'03 X Inteniational Conf�rence o Hadron Spectroscop�v, Aschqftenburg, Germany 31 Aug - 6 Sept. 2003

OPERATION OF LOW-NOISE SINGLE-GAP RPC MODULES EXPOSED TO IONISATION RATES UP TO I H7Jcm 2M.(-,viok, M.G6rski et al.. (oral)VII Workshop o Resistiv!e Plate Chambers ad Related Detec[ors Clermont-Ferrand, France, 20-22 Oct. 2003


Colorful Quark-Gluon Plasma"S.N1r6Nvczvfiski, Seminar qfthe Department o'Physics, McGill Universit� Montreal, Canada, July 2003

Colorful Quark-Gluon Plasma"'S.Mr6wezyfiski, Seminar qfthe Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Universitat de Valbicia, 25 Sept. 2003

Colorful Quark-Gluon Plasma"'S.N1r6wczvfiski, Seminar othe Department ol'Physics, Bergen University Norviay, October 2003.

Study of electromagnetic interactions of hgh energy muons in Liquid Argon")J.Stepaniak, ICARUS Collaborafimi Meetinq, Granada, 27-28.1illy 2003

Search for il ---) 7'n-e'e- decay i the CELSIUS/WASA data")J.Stepaniak, CELSIUSAVASA Data Analysis workshop. Angstrom Liboratory, Uppsala, Sweden, 3-15 Oct. 2003

Diffractive dissociation background for xclusive processes")A.Sandacz, CERN, April 2003

Exclusive vector reson production i COMPASS"A.Sandacz, CERN, 4April 2003

Lookin,,� into the nucleon spin with COMPASS"'A.Sandacz. Hqh Energy Physicsselninar. Unhersily qf'Stonv Brook, USA, 28 April 2003

Spin density atrix elements for exclusive p poduction')A.Sandacz, CERN. 28 August 2003

Towards ground motion easurements in the NuMl tunnel')M.Szleper, NLC Planning Budget Meeting, Fermilab, 28 Oct. 2003

Second look at Bue Field effects on the easured asymmetryb)M.Szleper, NA48 Collaboration Meeting, CERN, 24 Oct. 2003

First look at Bue Field effects on the easured asymmetry')M.Szleper, NA48 Collaboration Meeting. Pisa, 17 Sept. 2003

NA48/2: Measurement ofCP violating asymmetries in charged kaon decaysb)M.Szleper, US Department ol'Energy. Northwestern, 7 Sept. 2003

How to use te MINOS near detector to estimate the v component')M.Szleper, NuMi o Axis VVorkshop, A rgonne (USA), 25 Aril 2003

RPC Tri-,-,er Status')

G.Wrochna, CMS RPC Panel Meeting, CERN. 19 Febr. 2003

RPC Tfi,:,-,er Status")G.Wrochna, CMS Link Bx Revieit,,, CERN, 19 Febr. 2003

RPC Trigger Statusb)G.Wrochna, CMS CPTIE lectronics �Veek, CERN, 5 MaY 2003

RPC Trigger Synchronisation')G.Wrochna, CMS CPTIElectronics VVeek. CRN 6 Maj, 2003

RPC Trigger May 2003 Test Beam ReSUIN"

G.Wrochna, CHS CPTIElectronics Veek. CERN 7 Nov. 2003

b) in EnglishI.,


INTERNAL SEMINARS

Very Cold AntihydrogcnH.Bialkowska. IFD, UIV. 21 2003

Bctween AGS ad RHIC: Relativistic Heavy lon Pysics at CERN SPS11.13ialkowska, 1FD1 UW, ]Nov. 2003

Heavy lon Physic at CERN SPSII.Bialkowska, BRAHMS collaboralion jibe U.I. 0acow, AI)i-il 2003

Heavy lon Collisions at High Energies11.Bialkowska, 41afd Fiz)-k6ir Polskich, Gelcuisk. el)t. 2003

Jet QuenchingI1I.Bialkowska, 1FD, VV. Nov. 2003

Achievements and challenges i neutrin sudies"'

D.Kielczewska, IFT UIV. 7 Febi-. 2003

Neutrino oscillations i Super-Karniokande and K2K and plans for ftureD.Kielczewska, Niewoclniczanski Institute q'Nucleaj- Physic-S. Ci-acow, 3 March 2003

Oscillations of neutrinos poduced i te Sun, Earth atmosphere accelerators and reactorsD.Kielczewska, IFT UIV 7 Febi-. 2003

What do w knowabout neutrino asses ad mixim"s"D.Kiclczewska, IF UVV. 28 Meti-ch 2003

Colorful Quark-Gluon PlasniaSt.Mi-6wczy6ski, Ssjet - ,,ktzji 70-cio ecki llrql�sora Andr-eja Bit(Lanowskiego, Ciwcolv, 3march 2003

Colorful Quark-Gluon PlasmaS.MrOwczyfiski, BRAHMS, U, Crakow, April 2003

Colorful Quark-Gluon PlasmaS.Nfi-6wczvfiski, senfinm- L. nf�lda. UIV 4 Dec. 2003

Spin pysics with Compass at CERNJ.Nassalski, IFJ, Ci-acow, 4.1an. 2003

The COMPASS Experiment at CERNJ.Nassalski, Physics Dept. lVarsaw Technical UniversitY 2 Feb. 2003

Report from the EPS Conference in AachenJ.Nassalski, IFD UVV, 10 ct. 2003

Future of neutrino pysics in Icarus

E.Rondio, IFD UW 9 MaY 2003

How does a physicist looks into a nucleon"E.Rondio, Science Festival, 20-21 Sel7l. 2003

SPIN-2002 Conference OverviewA.Sandacz, IFD, UVV, 17.1an. 2003

Why do w ned bigger accelerators - ad how will they look?z:�R.Sosnowski, histitule sinincir 5 Mav 2003

Perspectives of te CERN LHCR.Sosnowski, FT VV. 21 Nov. 2003

An-ular distributions ol'cosi-nic inUonsJ. Stepaiiiak, Inst. of'Phi'sics Silesian Universilv. 29 Sej)t. 2003

Icarus - what next?NI.Szeptycka, Semina)-, 24 March 2003

New experiments 'In neutrino physicsM.Szeptycka, 1FD, IV. 25 AI)ril 2003

Measurement of direct CP violation i kaon decay11'.Wiglicki, IFD, UIV. 14 Mm-ch 2003


Thermodynamics for choice odels on raphsW.Wiglicki, nst. o Phvsico-Chemisir�,, PAN, 20 Ma)-ch 2003

New windows on te UniverseG.Wrochna, Science Festival, Warsait% 20-21 Sel)t. 2003

New windows on the UniverseG.Wrochna, Science Festival. Lod�, 29,4pril 2003

SCIENCE POPULARIZATION TALKS AND ARTICLES

.J.NassalskiTV 1, Prom-arn Laboratory". 14.02.2003,"IRadio BIS, 20.03.2003,Radio S, 24.03.2003.

G.WrochnaI I i 12.11.2003 - TV Pro-ram

Fundamental laws of Nature - at the elementary particles levelAkademic TV

17-11 i 18.11.2003 - TV Pro�,ramNew windows on the niverseAkademic TV

P.Zalewski16 articles in popular science magazine DELTA

PARTICIPATION IN SCIENTIFIC COUNCILS AND ORGANISING COMMITTEES OFCONFERENCES

H.BialkowskaMember of the Scientific Counc I of the SINS, cair of the Pro-ramm CommissionMember of the SPS Committee, CERNMember of the Physics Panel, Hman Potential Networks C, Brussels 2003Secretary General of the Polish Physical SocietyDeputy Spokesperson of te NA49 experiment at CERN

J.NassalskiChairman with pi-of. A.Efremow) of the X Wrkshol o High Energy Sfin Physics (NATO ARW DUBNA-SIfin03), DUbna, Rosia,16-20 Sept. 2003.Convenor section XP violation" of the j-iternational Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics", Aachen, Germany, 17-23July 2003,Member of Penary ECFA European Committee for Future Accelerators)Member of Pro-ramme Advisory Committee for Particle Physics, JINR, DubnaMember of Extended Scientific Council, DESY, Hamburg

R.SosnowskiChairman of the Scientific Council of the SINSChairman of the Scientific Council of the Hi-h Pessure Centrurn of Polish Academy of SciencesI.,Council for Nuclear Science and Technology - vice chairman, chairman of the High Energy Physics Commission, a memberof the Commission for Collaboration with JNR in DubnaPolish delegate to the CERN Council, deputy cairman

Polish representative to International Union of Pre and Applied PhysicsMember of the Scientific Cuncil of JNR in DubnaMember of the Executive Committee of the Eropean Physics SocietyChairman of the Committee of Physics of te Polish Academy of Sciences

T.SiemiarczukPolish roup coordinator in te ALICE CERN experimentMember of the Collaboration Board of the ALICE CERN experimentPolish group coordinator in te STRELA experiment at Dubna NUCLOTRON

J.StepaniakMember of te Collaboration Board of the WASASpokesperson of the C62 Experiment Multiple charged pion production at energies I 00- 360 MeV"

M.SzeptyckaMember ofthe SLC.I Scientific Cuncil

Member of te Physics Section, KBN


G.WroclinaScientific Committee of"'PERG/IEEE seminar", Wilga, May 2003,Chair of the session Thotonics fr Astronomy"

PERSONNEL

Research scientistsMarek Adamus, Dr. Krzysztof Nawrocki, Dr., 1/2Helena Balkowska, Assoc.Prof. Adam Nawrot, Eng. 3/5Bo2ena Boirnska, MSc. Ewa Rondio, Assoc.Prof.Andrzej Deloff" Assoc.Prof. 113 Andrze' Sandacz, Assoc.Prof.Ryszard Gokiell, Dr. Teodor Siermarczuk, ProfessorMaclcj G6rskI, Dr. Ryszard Sosnowski, ProfessorJulia Hoffman. Dr. Joanna Stepaniak, ProfessorKrzysztofKarplo, MSc. Maria Szeptycka, ProfessorDanuta Kielczewska, Assoc. Prof. 1/5 Michal SzIeper, Dr. (on leave)Katarzyna Kowalik, MSc. Marek Szczekowski, Assoc.Prof.Andrzej Kupk, Dr. (on ]cave) Piotr Szyrnafiski, Dr. (on leave)Pawel Marciniewski, Dr. (on leave) Wojciech Wi�licki, Assoc.Prof.Adam Mielech, MSc. Grzeaorz Wrochna, Assoc. Prof.Stanislaw Mr6wczyfiski, Professor 2/3 Piotr Zalewski, Dr.Jan Nassalski, Professor

PhD students Technical and administrative staff

Miclial Bluj, MSc. Krzysztof BrzozowskiOleg Grajek, MSc. Pion- GaworLukasz Go§cllo, MSc. Tadcusz MarszalMarcin Przewlocki, MSc. Wieslawa PojedyfiskaMarcin Sokolowski Maria SobocifiskaLiu Han, MSc. Teresa wlerczyfiskaKrzysztof Syryczyfiski, MSc.Piotr Traczyk, MSc.WIktor Trubnikov, MSc.Joanna Zalipska, MSc.

DEPARTMENT OF COSMIC RAY PHYSICS 115

7 DEPARTMENT OF COSMIC RAY PHYSICSPLO401723

Head of Department: Dr. Jacek Szabelskiphone: (42) 678-64-31e-mail: js�zpk.u.Iodz.pl

Overview

Cosmic Rays are energetic particles from outside the Solar System. The energy spectrum power law encraydependence) suggests a non-thermal origin of these particles. Most of the studies of Cosmic Rays addressC11-1fundamental problems such as:

• the nature of the physical and astrophysical pocesses responsible for the hgh energies of particles up toabout 10213 eV/partlcle),

• estimation of the astrophysical conditions at the acceleration sites and/or a search for sources of CosmicRays,

• properties of hh energy particle interactions at very high energies (nuclear interactions at eneruiesexceeding energies available in the laboratories).

Some Cosmic Ray studies mght have practical (commercial) implications, e.-cosmic weather" forecast - predictions of geornagnetic disturbances related to Solar activity changes (due

"I 1__1to large Solar Flares events of Coronal Mass Ejections); these are important for large electricity networks,gas pipes, radio-wave connections, space missions and satellite experiments.

The Department of Cosmic Ray Physics in L6d2 is involved in basic research in the high energy Cosmic Rayfield.

Eneraetic Cosmic Ray particles poduce cascades of particles in the atmosphere, called Extensive All'Showers (EAS). Registering EAS and their poperties is the main theme of experimental studies of very highenergy Cosmic Rays. In the L6d2 Department we run an Extensive Air Shower array where EAS are registered.We concentrate our experimental esearch on the explanation of particle detection delayed by hundreds of rrilcro-seconds with respect to the main EAS sgnals.

In the underground 15 meters) laboratory we continuously register muon (5 GeV energy threshold) flux wththe multidirectional telescope. We have observed several disturbances (Forbush Decreases) in muon countinaC�rates. The interpretation of these events for "cosmic weather" and for Cosmic Ray transport models in teinterplanetary plasma are on oing in collaboration with Prof. M. Alania (Siedlce), and Prof. K. Kudela (Kosice,Slovakia).

International collaborations are very important: the Department was a KASCADE member (EAS experimentdedicated to solving the problem of mass composition of Cosmic Rays at energies around lo" eV InForschunuszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany) and now is a member of KASCADE-Grande Collaboration - te largeclassical experiment for very hh energy EAS. We collaborate in EAS data interpretation, detection technicsand basic Cosmic Ray problems with College de France, Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academyof Sciences, JINR Dubna and the Cosi-nophysical Institute in Yakutsk (Russia).

In the area of hgh energy particle physics our Department is a member of CELSIUSIWASA Collaboration(Uppsala, Sweden), and participates in ZEUS experiment at DESY Hamburg, Germany).

Students of hiah schools in L6d a visiting our Department and can perform small experiments wthsecondary Cosmic Ray particle detection. This activity is elated to Jhe Roland Maze Project", the idea oflargeEAS arrays with detectors placed on the roofs of high schools in L6d2.


7.1 Ldi Extensive Air Shower Arrayby J.Gawin, K.J�drzejczak, J.Karczmarczyk, S.Petrotchenkovl), J.Swarzyfiski, J.Szabelski TWIN(,

C,4

0 We continued rulsterina vents of eneraies above neutrons started their diffusion in te lead block or in114- 1015 eV in te L6d2 EAS at-ray. Studies of' dlayed the around near the detectors0 I signals are in progress. We assume the ypothesis tatn The obtained time dstributions of slow ntrons

PAS hadrons interact i the lead block ad pi-OCILICC are consistent wt t registrations i t boronMeV neutrons which after thermalisation induce te counter. The only poblem is te equirement of, delayed signals in t Gelger-Mfiller counters, te (Treat number of neutrons produced at te showerboron counter and other detectors registering t tme arrival. Calculations are performed in ollaborationstructure f impulses (10 MHz FADC, 8bit with JINR in Dubna.converters, 32 kB mcmory).The hypothesis tat such We added a special scintillation countersrealstrations are due to the areat lUmber f nutronsZ:� containing ZnS) eceived frorn the Institute ofproduced in the lead block seems vy pobable W Nuclear Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.performed many computer simulations ot' neutrondiffusion in the vicinity of te aray. We used teMCNP program and ntroduced the detailed geometryof the array and its surroundings taking into account Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna.the arnount of hydrogen in t S011) Sulated Moscow, Russia

7.2 KASCADE-Grande:aConclusiveExperimentontheCosmicRaySpectrum'knee'by A.Iwan-Risse, J.Zabicrowski

LO04 In July 2003, the KASCADE-Grande experiment caused by light primaries: potons and heliurn uclei.

located in Forschuncszentrum Karlsruhe in Germany The data suggest also that the position of the 'knee' isC)'IT has started to take in data. It consists o' te "old" primary particle rigidity dependent. This points_J KASCADE experiment and 38 new 10 ill , scintillator towards its astrophysical ogin. However, current

stations for measurement of the ar shower characd model inconsistencies do not allow final statements oilparticles, dstributed on the aea ofO 2 -ne f orn the.5 krn this subject. A conclusive hint. will cot

The main motivation for extending the KASCADE position of the ion knee' wich will be measured byKASCADE-Grande.experiment into the pimary energy region reaching

1018 eV was twofold: testin the hadronic interaction In te analysis ot' hadronic shower cores measuredmodels up to te threshold of the AUGER experiment by KASCADE Calorimeter, another result wasand obtaining data on the cosmic ray primary obtained. Namely, it was shown 2 that the aountspectrum well beyond the, so called, �kncc' of geometrical alignment of hadrons in the cores(characteristic change of the spectral index). Te attcr observed in KASCADE can be uy explained by

'II allow us to test for te existence of te, so called, standard smulations and does not requiwl I I I ire any newiron knee' the change in te slope ofthe spectrum f physics. as has been claimed for many yars by sorne

primary iron nuclei) above 1017 eV of primary energy. emulsion chamber experimenters.This activity is in view of the KASCADE In the combined analysis of the sintillator arrayCollaboration esults obtained fi-orn the unfolding b data and the measured muon dections in the Largeseveral mathernatical procedures of the cxperimental Muon Tracking Detector a method ntroduced in 31two-dimensional spectra of electron ad rnuon has been applied to the experimental data 14]. Furthernumbers in showers. These results are pmary energy studies of the muon rnomenturn space and itsspectra for five pimary ass -1-OLIPS, epresented byprotons, hellurn. carbon, silicon Z, and iron. This uique implications for the models of hadronic interactions

are in progress.result (up to recently only 'all particle spectra' wereobtained) 1 allows testing of the hypotheses o teorigin of the 'knee', naT-nely to dstinguish between the [11 "Energy spectrum and elemental compositiontwo main assumptions: astrophysical origin of' te

the PeV re-Ion", M.Roth, A.Iwan, J.Zablerowskiresult or an unknown nteraction pocess in the C,atmosphere. et a., Proc 28"' ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan, 2003,

Universal Academy Pess Inc., p 129, andCurrently, our data sow wthout obt tat n:Wissenschaftliche Ber'chte FZKA 6890, p 21

the 'knee' in the overall primary energy spectru is


[2] Investigation of geometrical structures in the P.Doll, Nucl.Phys. B (Proc.Suppl.) 122 (2003)�hadronic shower core", A.Iwan, JR.Hocrandel, 275-278; and in: astro-ph/0211568J.Zabierowski et aL, Proc 28"' ICRC, Tsukuba, [4] "Investigation of the muon pseudorapidities in clisJapan, 2003, Universal Acaderny Pess Inc., with the muon tracking detector of'the kascadcp 1595, and in: Wissenschaftlichc Berlichte FZKA experiment", J.Zabierowski, ..., A.1wan et al.,6890, p.41 Proc 28 1h ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan, 2003, Universal

[3] "Properties of tangential and adial angles of Academy Press Inc., p.29, and in:muons n eas", J.Zablerowsk', K.Dauni'ller ad Wissenschaftliche Berichte FZKA 6890, p.53

7.3 Methods of Energy Estimation for Giant Air Showersby K.Jqdrzejczak, M.Kasztelan, J.Szabelski, TWIbla PLO401726

In collaboration wth Pi-of. J.N.Capdevlelle and his registrations at the energies above IO eV obtaine inPhD student from Coll6ae de France we continued our the Yakutsk experiment (more than 30 000 events).studies of the problem of energy evaluation foi- the Some detectors in this experiment are placed in airs.Nauest registered showers. We studied the poblem of This allows for experimental determination of EASthe accuracy of shower energy estimation and the particle density fluctuations.influence of parameter naccuracies on the final esultof energy estimation. Because the cosmic ay particle In the middle of the year we started smulations of'

the detector response to the passage of EAS particlesenergy spectrum is very steep, the iaccuracy of using the GEANT program. The studies should allowenergy determination in the individual eents leads in i-for extractin- the fluctuations due to te showermost cases to energy overestimation, and variations in development in the atmosphere from t fluctuationsrecylstration accuracy can induce chanues of the energy

C, C, caused by the detection method.spectrum index.

In 2003 due to the kindness of Dr. A Mkhallovwe aot access to the unique results f cosmic ay

7.4 Origin of Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays - Single Source Model PLO401727by T.Wibicy

The model of ultra high-energy cosmic ray origin experimental results concerning cosmic ay SCCtFLII11

from a nearby sngle source was studied in as well as small-range directional correlation. Bothcollaboration wth prof. A.W. Wolfendale fi-om papers present results of simulations ol. ' the hDurharn University (UK). The model describes energy cosmic rays in extragalactic maurietic fields.

7.5 Studies of the Particle Production Processes in High Energy Interactionsby I.Kurp, TWibI(r

00N

The continuation of studies of' the cascading in the atmosphere. We compared te model T-10thermodynamical model of particle poduction in very predictions with esults of emulsion charnher -,T

high energy hadronic collisions -Ives the experiments at mountain altitudes. The 0parameterisation of te additional parameter i non- parameterisation obtained gives a solid toreticalextensive thermodynamics as a function o the c.m.s. foundation of extrapolating the average transversecollision energy Tansverse momentum distributions momentum of produced particles to the highestwere used for te fitting procedure. This result was observed cosmic ray particle energies.used in simulation calculations o the cosmic ray


7.6 The Roland Maze Projectby K.Jqdi-zejczak, I.Kurp, PPILIC]ftski, B.Szabelska, J.Szabelski, T.Wibi PLO401729

Experimental studies of extensive air showers at Also this time the pr 'ect has not been qualified orthe hiahest enera, -e the mn the next step ofevaluati

,,es (above 1018 cV a I ion.scientific oal of the pi- 'ect W plan to construct all 0j -s placed in We are also continuously trying to obtain somenetwork of extensive ar shower detectoi I' rids from the local authorities. Out- activitiesL6d hgh school bildings, which lowers the cost by uundertaken the fl of 2003 have been supported byusin uban nfrastructure of te schools (INTERNET, the Deputy Mayor for the young people affairs. Afterpower supply etc.), and also can be a very elegant ay three meetings with the local politicians out pojectof science popularisation by en-a-1ng high school has been introduced to the next yar city budaetstudents in the esearch prograrn. 30 hi0h schools if) project. The donation (if confirmed by the CyL6d2 have expressed their ill to be involved in te Council decision) will exceed the funds requestedproject. 1'rom KBN.

Looking for funds for the pr .ect was te main out,0j Contacts with the schools caused our areater

(Yoal over the last year. Out. project submitted to KBN activity in popularisation of science: students 1'romin January and July 2003 ave not been accepted for several schools have visited our EAS array during therealisation. In October 2003 we submitted for the 3�d Science Festival. Some notes and articles about out-second time the "European" version o' the pr OJect Institute have appeared in the L6d2 edition of Gazeta(together with the centres in England, Finland, France"I 11 Wyborcza. There was also information in the localand Sweden) to the program SOCRATES-MINERVA. television TVP3.

7.7 CELSIUS/WASA - Investigation of the Production and Decay of Light Mesons0 by J.Zablei-owskiCY)

0 In 2003, in addition to the final tun'ng o' the the Polish group: CA62 - production of charged'(+)pi(-) reaction and CA75 de

detector components and improvements introduced pions in pp->pppi I cayinto the trigger and data acquisition systems the of the eta->pl(+)pi(-)e(+)e(-) produced in ppexperimental uns for projects approved by T collisions.Svedbera Laboratory PAC have taken place. In The Light Pulser Monitoring System due toproton-proton collisions eta meson poduction taggill(' chanues introduced recently into the constructio o'as well as dfferent eta decay channels and t the Light Source, can now be used lot- checking teproduction of' pions we nvesti,-ated. In articular-, linearity of the Scintillation Calorimeter durina thedata ave been taken in two experiments poposed by runs.

7.8 ZEUS Experimentby P.Plucifiski PLO401731

Our work or the ZEUS experiment in DESY He was also involved in adapting software of' teconcentrates on the tria(Ter system for the Backing BAC data acquisition systern to the actualCalorimeter (BAC). Mr Pawel Plucifiski, who works requirements of the experiment, and in studyingin DESY, has played a ole of a on-line" expert for method of discrimination of muons and hadronicBAC. His ost iportant duties we to ppar te cascades in BAC.optimal set-up of the trior(Tel, system, technical control,and data monitoring (off'-line) in oder to control thesystem work.


PLO401732

7.9 The Underground Muon Telescopeby K.Jqdrzejczak, J.Karczmarczyk, J.Swarzyfiski, B.Szabelska, J.Szabelski, P.Tokarski, T.Wlbi (T

2The muon telescope of 0.5 m area placed in te At the end of October and becinnino, of'Novenibcrunderaround laboratory has been continuously 2003 a series of strong Solar flares occurred. Ourrecistering the flux of muons with eneruies above muon telescope registered the Forbush decrease andGeV. anticipated increase of muon intensity corresponding

The esults of registration and analysis of a few to the flare of 28 October which had a s trenath i X-Forbush decreases (variations of cosmic ray intensity rays estimated as XI 7 The i-esults are still analysed in

in the space surrounding the Earth) registered in the order to search for anomalies that could possibly bemuon telescope in 2002 have been presented at the caused by such a violent Solar activity.28"' ICRC in Tsukuba, Japan, in August 2003. The In collaboration with prof. K. Kudela and dr K.results of our studies lead to the conclusion that during Iskra from the Academy of Podlasle we performedForbush decreases cosmic ray energy spectrum is calculations of the so-called asymptotic drect](11sstrongly dsturbed at te energy range above 50 GeV. corresponding to the geomagnetic position of L6&.Our work has been mentioned by pi-of. K. Munakatain his reporters talk summarizing the conference.



PREPARATION OF ENRICHED COSMIC RAY ASS GROUPS WITH KASCADET.Antoni,..., J.ZaI)iero-vski,...c1aI.Astropar6cle Physics 19(2003)715

MEASUREMENT OF THE ATTENUATION AND ABSORPTION LENGTHS WITH THE KASCADE EXPERIMENTT.Antoni . ..... J.Zabicrowski_c a.Asiropaj-iicle Phlysics 19(2003)703

COMMENT ON"DETERMINING ENERGY SPECTRA FOR SEPARATE MASS GROUPS FROM EAS; THE QUEST ISSTILL ON"T.Antoiii,..,J.ZabicroNiski,..et al.Asti-oparticle Ph.ysics 19(2003)37.3

THE INFORMATION FROM MUON ARIVAL TIME DISTRIBUTIONS OF HIGH-ENERGY EAS AS MEASURED WITHTHE KASCADE DETECTORT.Antoni. ..., J.Zabierowski et al.Astroparticle Physics 18(2003)319

STUDY OF BARYON AND SEARCH FOR DIBARYON RESONANCES BY THE PP->PPPI(+)Pl(-) REACTIONE.Doroshkevicli, ...,.T.Stepaniak, J.Zabierowski et al.Euv Phys. J. A 8(2003)171

MEASUREMENT OF EVENT SHAPES IN DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HERAS.Chekanov,..., P.Phicifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Em-. Phys. J. C2 7(2003)2. 531

MEASUREMENTOFHIGH-QA 2 c-p NEUTRAL CURRENT CROSS SECTION AT HERA AND THE EXTRACTION OF X F3(REVISED)S.Chekanov,..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Eur. Phys. J. C28(2003)2.175

JET PRODUCTION IN CHARGED CURRENT DEEP INELASTIC ep SCATTERING AT HERAS.Clickanov...., P.Pluci6ski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Etu-. Phys..I. C3](2003)5149

LARGE TRANSVERSE MOMENTA IN STATISTICAL MODELS OF HIGH ENERGY INTERACTIONST.Wibig, I.KurpJow-nal o'High Enerqy Physics 12(2003)039

THE COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT KASCADET.Antoni,..., A.1wan,.12abierowski.et al.Nucl. nsir tried Meth. A513(2003490

FIRST RESULTS FROM THE CELSIUS/WASA FACILITYS.KLillandei A.Nawrot,,J.Stepaniak,,I.Zabicrowski et l.Nuclem- Phys. A 72](2003)563(:

LEADING PROTON PRODUCTION IN ep COLLISIONS AT HERAS.Chekanov,..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Nucleen- Phvsics B658(2003)3

MEASUREMENT OF THE OPEN-CHARM CONTRIBUTION TO THE DIFFRACTIVE PROTON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS.Chekanov, ..., P.Plucifiski etal. (ZEUS Collaboration)Nuclear Physics B672(2003)3

PROPERTIES OF TANGENTIAL AND RADIAL ANGLES OF MUONS IN EASJ.Zabierowski, K.Daumiller and P.Doll.Nuct. Ph.vs. B (Pi-oc. Suppl.) 122(2003)275

ENERGY SPECTRA OF COSMIC RAYS IN THE KNEE REGIONH.Ulrich . .... ..Zabierowski et al.Nucl. Ph.vs. B (Pi-oc. Suppl.) 122(2003)218

ON THE HADRONIC COMPONENT OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERSJ.R.Hoerandel, ..., J.Zabierowski et al.Nucl. Ph.vs. (Proc. Suppl.) 22(2003)309

STATUS OF THE KASCADE-GRANDE EXPERIMENTK.-H. Kampert, ..., J.Zabicrowski et al.Nucl. Ph-vs. B (Proc. Suppl.) 122(2003)422


TEST OF INTERACTION MODELS WITH THE KASCADE HADRON CALORIMETERJ.Milke,..., J.Zabierowski et al.Nucl. Phys. B Pi-oc. Suppl.) 122(2003)388

MUON PRODUCTION HEIGHTS DETERMINED IN THE KASCADE EXPERIMENTC.Buctmer . .... .J.Zabierwwski et al.Nucl.Phvs. B (Proc. Suppl.) 122(2003)289

SENSITIVITY AND CONSISTENCY STUDIES OF MUON ARRIVAL TME DISTRIBUTIONS MEASURED BY KASCADEF.Baclea, ...,.I.Zabicrowski et al.Nucl.Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 122(2003)271

MUON DENSITY SPECTRA AS PROBE OF THE MUON COMPONENT PREDICTED BY AIR-SHOWER SIMULATIONSA.HaLings, ..., J.Zabierowski et al.Nucl.Phys. B Proc. Suppl.) 22(2003)384

DETERMINATION OF PRIMARY ENERGY AND MASS IN THE PEV REGION BY BAYESIAN UNFOLDINGTECHNIQUESM.Roth, ..., J.Zabicrowski et al.Nuc1.Phjs. B (Proc. Sippl.) 122(2003)317

TWO-PION PRODUCTION IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS NEAR THRESHOLDH.Calen,..., A.Kupge, P.iNI.-ii-einici�,ski,.I.Stepaniak,.I.Zabierowski et al.Ph�,sica Scripta 7104(200315

FIRST RESULTS OF THE CELSIUS/WASA EXPERIMENTI. Koch, ..., A.Nawrot, J.Stepaniak, J.Zabierowski et al.Phlsica Scripta T]04(2003)29

KINEMATICALLY COMPLETE MEASUREMENT OF THE pd > pdrl REACTIONJ.Zlornanczuk, ..., J.Stcpaniak,.j.Zabicrowski et al.Physica Scripta T]04(2003)84

REPORT ON THE CHARGED DECAY PRODUCTS IDENTIFICATION POSSIBILITIES IN WASAM.Jacewicz, ..., A.Nawrot, J.Stepaniak, J.Zabierowski et al.Ph)�sica Scripta 704(2003)98

STUDY OF THE pp - pp n'Tc- REACTION IN THE LOW-ENERGY TAIL OF THE ROPER RESONANCEJ.Paetzold, ..., J.Stepaniak,.T.Zabicrowski et al.Ph�w. Rev. C67(2003)052202

A ZEUS NEXT-TO-LEADING-ORDER QCD ANALYSIS OF DATA ON DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERINGS.Chekanov, ..., 1.111ticifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Ph3,s. Rev. D67(2003)012007

A SEARCH FOR RESONANCE DECAYS TO LEPTON+JET AT HERA AND LMITS ON LEPTOQUARKSS.Chekanov, ..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Ph�,s. Rev. D68(2003)052004

STUDY OF THE AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY OF JETS IN NEUTRAL CURRENT DEEP NELASTIC SCATTERING ATHERAS.Chekanov, ..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Plqs. Lett. B551( 2003)3

OBSERVATION OF THE STRANGE SEA IN THE PROTON VIA INCLUSIVE -MEZON PRODUCTION IN NEUTRALCURRENT DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HERAS.ChekanoN .. .... P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Ph-vs. Lett. B553( 2003)141

MEASUREMENT OF SUBJET MULTIPLICITIES IN NEUTRAL CURRENT DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HERAAND DETERMINATION OF ALPHASS.Chekanov, ..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Ph),s. Left. B558(2003)41

SEARCH FOR SINGLE-TOP PRODUCTION IN el) COLLISIONS AT HERAS.Chekanov, ..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Ph),s. Lett. B559(2003)153

SCALING VIOLATIONS AND DETERMINATION OF ALPHA-S FROM JET PRODUCTION IN GAMMA PINTERACTIONS AT HERAS.Chekanov, ..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Phvs. Lett. B560(2003)7

DUET ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN PHOTOPRODUCTION OF CHARM AT HERAS.Chekanov, ..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Plqs. Lett. B565(2003)187


MEASUREMENT OF DEEPLY VIRTUAL COMPTON SCATTERING AT HERAS.Chekanov,..., P.Plucifiski et al. (ZEUS Collaboration)Phys. Lett. B573(2003)40


Oral resentation

ROLAND MAZE PROJECT -COSMIC RAYS REGISTRATIONS IN SCHOOLSK..Jcdrzeiczak12"' Intern. School Particles ad Cosmology", Baksan 11alle.y. Kahardino-Bal'aria, Russian edei-ation, April 21-26, 2003

ORIGIN OF DELAYED SIGNALS IN EASJ.Szal)elski12" Intern. School Particles and Cslnolo-v ", Baksan Vallev, Kabardino-Balkarici, Russian Federcition, April 21-26, 2003

DIRECTIONAL VARIATION OF THE GEV MUON FLUX OBSERVED IN THE UNDERGROUND MUON TELESCO13ErvI.Alania, .,IVdi-zcjcziii,.J.Karczmai-czNk,.J.SiN,.ti-zNfiski, B.Szabelska, J.Sza))elski, T.Wilbig

28"' ICRC. 7sttkuba, Japan, Jd�y 31 - litg 7 2003

INVESTIGATION OF THE MUON PSEUDORAPIDITIES IN EAS WITH THE MUON TRACKING DETECTOR OF THE

KASCADE EXPERIMENT

J.Zabierowski .... A.1-wan, et l. KASCADE Collaboration)

28" CRC. Tsit�,itba. apaii. �Iid-v 31 - I ug 7 2003

THE ROLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF MUON ARRIVAL ME DISTRIBUTIONS FOR THE MASS DISCRIMINATION OF

HIGH ENERGY EAS

I.M.BranCLIS,.- A.Iwan, J.Zabierowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)

28" ICRC, vukitba, Jpan, July 3 - 7. 2003

ENERGY SPECTRUM AND ELEMENTAL CONl POSITION IN THE PeV REGION

M.Roth, ..., A.1wan, J.Zal)icrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)

28"' CIC. Tviikuba, 1apan, Jill.v 31 -A ug 7 2003

COSMIC RAY ANISOTROPY WITH KASCADE

G.Maier,.- A.1wanj.Zabierwvvski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)

28" ICRC, 7sitkitba. Japan. Ad.v 31 -A 7. 2003

MUON DENSITY EASUREMENTS AS PROBE OF TE MUON COMPONENT OF AIR SHOWER SIMULATIONS

A.H,11.1111-�S, ..., A.1manj.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)

28" ICRC, Tsitkuba, Japan. Jid)? 31 - 1 7, 2003

TEST OF A HADRONIC INTERACTION MODEL BY A MULTIDIMENTIONAL ANALYSIS OF LONGITUDINAL AR-

SHOWER OBSERVABLES AT KASCADE

F.Badca, M.Roth-., A.Iwan, J.Zahierowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)

2,�' ICRC, Tsitkubci. .apan, Jid.v 31 - lug 7 2003

A MEASUREMENT OF THE ENERGY SPECTRUM OF UNACCOMPANIED HADRONS

M..Muellcr. J.R.Hoei-andel,..., A.1,wan,.12abicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)

28"' ICRC, Tvitkitba, Japan, Jid.v 31 -Ait,,,,. 7.2003

SEARCH FOR EXTREMELY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RAYS WITH THE KASCADE EXPERIMENT

G.Schatz,.... A.Iwanj.Za`hierowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)

2S"' ICRC. Tvitkitba. Japali. Jid-v 31 - I iq 7 2003

KASCADE-GRANDE: THE GRANDE ARRAY

A.Chiavassa, ..., A.Iwan,.T.Zabierowski t al. KASCADE Collaboration)

28"' CRC, Tsitkitba-lapan, Jid.v 31 - 7,2003

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF THE EAS OBSERVABLES MEASURED BY MUON TRACKING DETECTOR AND FELS

ARRAY AT KASCADE

A.F.Baclea, P.Doll, A.Hamws, C.BtiettiieriiidI.Zal)ierowski or te KASCADE Collaboration

DPG Fritel7jalu-stagung. Acichen 2003

UNTERSUCHUNG GEOMETRISCHER STRUKTUREN IN SCHAUERKERNEN

A.1man, R.En-el, J.H.1-16randel. J.Milke, N/I.RiSSC Und.J.Zabicrowski ftir die KASCADE-Kollaboration

DPG Fritelijahi-stagunq. Aachen 2003

ANALYSE VON MUONPRODUKTIONSTIEFEN

C.136ttrier. K.DaLlMiller. P.Doll. K.H.Kampert, DAlartello.R.Oberiland Lind J.Zabierowski ftir die KASCADE-Kollaboration

DPG Fritelijalirstagung. ilachen 2003


VERGLEICH DER MYONENZAHLEN VON KASCADE-ARRAY UND MYONSPURDETEKTORT.Gnielka, C.Biittner, K.Daumiller, P.Doll, R.Glasstetter und J.Zabierowski fir die KASCADE KollaborationDPG Fritelijahrstagung, ilachen 2003

WINKELAUFLOSUNG DS MYONSPURDETEKTORS FOR HOCHENERGETISCHE MYONENR. Obenland, C.Buettncr, K.Daurniller, P.Doll, D.Marte]10 Lind J.ZabierowskiDPG Fritelijahrmagung, Aachen 2003

DISSECTING THE KNEE - AIR SHOWER MEASUREMENTS WITH KASCADE,J.R.Hocrandel, A.Risse, J.Zabierowski et l. (KASCADE Collaboration)TAUP03, Sept 59,2003, Seattle, lashington, USA

TWO PION PRODUCTION IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONSM.Bashkanov, ..., J.Stepaniali, J.Zabicrowski, Plupranski et al. (Celsius-Wasa and COSY-TOF collaborations)X.Int. Confon Hadron Spectroscopy. HIIDRON03,Aug. 31-Sept.6,2003, Aschat.16iburg, Germany

ENERGY SPECTRUM AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF COSMIC RAYS IN THE PeV REGION: RECENT RESULTSAND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF THE KASCADE EXPERIMENTH.Ulrich, ..., A.Risse, J.Zabierowski et al.EPS HEP2003 in Aachen.hme 17- 23. 2003

ASTROPHYSICS OF THE KNEE IN THE COSMIC RAY ENERGY SPECTRUMA.Hauns, ..., A.Rissej.Zabierowski et al.Int. Symp. on Multipart. Dynamics 2003, Cracow, Polanel

TESTS OF HADRONIC INTERACTION MODELS WITH KASCADEJ.Milke, A.Risse, J.Zabicrowski et al.Int. Symp. on Multipart. Dynamics 2003, Civcovv, Poland

Posters

NON-EXTENSIVITY PARAMETER IN THERMODYNAMICAL MODEL OF HADRONIC INTERACTIONSI.Kurp and T.Wibig28" ICRC, 7sukuba-lapan. Jtd.v 31 -A ligust 72003

REGISTRATION OF PARTICLES DELAYED BY 400 - I 00 MICROSEC AFTER EAS,I.Gawin, K.J�drzcjczak, J.Karczmarcz),k, N.Kasztelan, S.A.Petrochenk-ov, A.Polafiski, J.Swarzyfiski, B.Szabelska,J.Szabelski, T.Wibig28" ICRC, Tsukuba. apcm� Jul-v 31 - ligust 7 2003

MUON PRODUCTION HEIGHT FROM THE MUON TRACKING DETECTOR IN KASCADEC. Buettner, Alwan,.T.Zabierowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)28"' ICRC, Tsitkiiba, Japan, July 31 -August 7 2003

INVESTIGATION OF GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURES IN THE HADRONIC SHOWER COREA.1wan, J.R.Hoerandel..I.Zabierowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)28"' ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan, Jd.v 31 -August 7 2003

ANALYSIS OF AIR SHOWERS AT THE TRIGGER THRESHOLD OF KASCADEJ.Scholtz, A.Haun-s. A.1-wan-1.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)28"' ICRC, Tmkitba, Japan..ht�v 31 -Attqust 72003

THE KASCADE-GRANDE EXPERIMENTA.Haungs, ..., A.1wan, J.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)28" ICRC, Tmktiba, Japan� July 31 -/ ugit 7 2003

SHOWER RECONSTRUCTION PERFORMANCE OF KASCADE-GRANDER.Glasstetter, G.Maier, ..., A.Iwan,.J.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)28" ICRC, Tsttkuba, Japan. July 31 -A tqust 7 2003

COMUNICATIONS PUBLISHED IN CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

DELAYED SIGNALS - NEW METHOD OF HADRON STUDIESK..J�drzejczakProc. 13" nt. School qf'Cosmic Ra Jv Ati-ol)li.i!.vi(:,v.,Rel(itii,,istic Asti-ophysics and Cosmology", Ei-ice, Sicil.y, 2-14.1tille 2002. IV01-1(1Sciejif�fic, ed. A. Zichichi. 279.2003

THE ROLAND MAZE PROJECTK.J�di-zcjczakProc. 13"' Int.School #'Cosmic Rety A.vti-ol)IiN!.vic.v,,Reltitivistic Astrophysics and Cosmology", Erice, Sicily 214 June 2002. lorldScientyic, ed. A. Zichichi, 279, 2003


REGISTRATION OF PARTICLES ELAYED BY 400 - 1000 MICROSEC AFTER EASJ.Gaivin, K.,IVdi-zcjcziii,.).Kai-czmarez),k, NII.Kasztchan. S.A.Petrocherikov, A.Polafiski, J.Swarzyfiski, B.Szabclska,J.Szabelski, T.WibigPi-oc 28" ICRC, Tsitkubti. Japan, Jid.v 31 - 1u,,,,us 7 200.3 45

DIRECTIONAL VARIATION OF THE GEV M UON FLUX OBSERVED IN THE UNDERGROUND MUON TELESCOPEM.Alania, KJVdrzejczak, J.Karurnarczyk, J.Swarzyfiski, B.Szabelska, J.Szabelski, TAN'ibiggPi-oc 28"' ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan. Jul.v 31 A uglis 7 2003. 3573

NON-EXTENSIVITY PARAMETER IN THERMODYNAMICAL MODEL OF HADRONIC INTERACTIONSI.Kurpand T.Wibig1'roc 28"' ICRC, 7sukuba. Japan, Jid.v.? /1 it,,,,us 7 2003. 1615

INVESTIGATION OF THE MUON PSEUDORAPIDITIES IN EAS WITH THE MIJON TRACKING DETECTOR OF THEKASCADE EXPERINIENTJ.Zabicrowskil .... A.1wan et al. (Kascade Collaboration)Proc 28" ICRC, Tsitkitba. Japan, 2003, Universal Aademv M-ess Inc. p29. and Wissenschaffliche Berichte FZKA 6890 p53

MUON PRODUCTION HEIGHT FROM THE MUON TRACKING DETECTOR IN KASCADEC.Buettner, A.1wan,,J.Zahierowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)Pi-oc 28" ICRC, Tsukitba,.Iapan� 2003, Univei-sal Acwleln.v Press Inc. p33. crd Wissenschqffliche Befichte FKA 6890 p45

ENERGY SPECTRUM AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION IN THE PeV REGIONM.Rolh. ..., A.1wan, J.Zabierowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)Pi-oc 28" ICRC. 7sukuba. Jtpcm. 200-3. Univei-sal,;Icademy Press hic. 1 129. and VVissenscha ffiche Bei-ichle ZKA 6890 p21

COSMIC RAY ANISOTROPY WITH KASCADEG.Maicr� .... A.1wan,.J.Zabicrowski ia). (KASCADE Collaboration)Ilroc 281h ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan, 2003. Unive)-sal Academy Press Inc., 1) 179. nd Wissenschu ffiche Bei-ichle ZKA 6890 p29

INVESTIGATION OF GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURES IN THE HADRONIC SHOWER COREA.1wan, J.R.Hoerande1j.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)Mm: 28"' ICRC, Tsitkuha. Japan, 2003, Universtil Academv P-ess Inc.. 1 1595, and Wissenschafffiche Berichte FZK11 6890 p41

MIJON ENSITY MEASUREMENTS AS PROBE OF THE MIJON COMPONENT OF AIR SHOWER SIMULATIONSA.Hajqjg�, ..., Adwan, J.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)]'I-oc 28" ICRC, Thikuba, Japan, 2003, Univei-stil Academy Pi-ess hic. p37, find Wissenschajiliche Bei-ichte FZKA 6890 103

TEST OF A HADRONIC INTERACTION MODEL BY A MULTIDIMENTIONAL ANALYSIS OF LONGITUDINAL AIR-SHOWER OBSERVABLES AT KASCADEF.Badea, M.Roth,..., A.1mran,,j.Zabicro-vski t al. KASCADE Collaboration)Piwc 28"' ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan. 2003, Universal Acadenn, Press hic. p25, and Ili fliche Bei-ichte FZKA 6890 p49

ANALYSIS OF AIR SHOWERS AT THE TRIGGER THRESHOLD OF KASCADEJ.Scholtz. A.HAungs, A.Iwan,.J.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)Pi-oc 28"' ICRC, Tsukitha, Japan. 2003. nive)-sal A cadeln.v P-ess hic. p 17, ind VVissenscliq1thche Befichte FZKA 6890 p25

THE ROLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF MUON ARRIVAL TIME DISTRIBUTIONS FOR THE MASS DISCRIMINATION OF

HIGH ENERGY EASI.N/I.Brancus,..., A.Iwan,.I.Zabierowski t al. KASCADE Collaboration)Pi-oc 28"' ICRC, Tsitkub(t-hipcin, 2003. Utivei-scil I(mideni-v Press hic. 141, ind VVissenschqftliche Befichle FZKA 690 p17

A MEASUREMENT OF THE ENERGY SPECTRUM OF UNACCOMPANIED HADRONSM.Mueller,.J.R.Hoerandel, A.Iwan,.T.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration).Pmc 28"' ICRC, Tsitkuha, Japan. 2003. Universal Academy Pi-ess Inc., p. 101, and Wissenschqftliche Befichte FZKI 690 p37

SEARCH FOR EXTREMELY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RAYS WITH THE KASCADE EXPERIMENTG.Schatz, ..., A.Iwanj.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)Pi-oc 28" ICRC, Tsukuba, Apan, 2003. Unirersal Accideim, 'ress Inc. p2293. and Wissensch�iffliche Bei-ichte FZKA 6890 p33

THE KASCADE-GRANDE EXPERIMENTA.Haun!Zs. ..., A.1wan, J.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)Proc 28"' ICRC, vitkuba. Japan. 2003. Uiiiveiwal Academy Press hic.. 1. 985. ind lissenscha ffiche Berichte FKA 6890 1. 1

KASCADE-GRANDE: THE GRANDE ARRAYA.Chiavassa, ..., A.Iwanj.Zabicrowski et al. KASCADE Collaboration)Pi-oc 28" ICRC. Tsukitha, Japan. 2003. nivei-sal Academy Pi-ess Inc. p 989, and Wissenscha fliche Berichte ZK/A 6890 p5

SHOWER RECONSTRUCTION PERFORMANCE OF KASCADE-GRANDER.Glasstetter, G.Maier. .... A.1wan,.J.Zabicro-sski et al. (KASCADE Collaboration)Pmc 28"' ICRC, 7sukuba, Japan, 2003. Univers(d i1cademy Press hic., 1. 781. and Wissenscha ffiche Befichte FZK11 6890 p9

N/IULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF THE EAS OBSERVABLES MEASURED BY MUON TRACKING DETECTOR AND FIELSARRAY AT KASCADEA.F.Badea, P.Doll, A.Haun-s, C.BLIctmer andJ.Zabicrowski (KASCADE Collaboration)11Vei-hancilungen der DPG 212003, 11achen 2003. T501.6. p. 46-47


UNTERSUCHUNG GEOMETRISCHER STRUKTUREN IN SCHAUERKERNENA.IAran, R.En-el. J.H.Hbrandel. J.Milke, M.RiSSC Lind J.Zahierowski (KASCADE-Kollaboration)Vei-handlun,,,en del- DPG 212003 11achen 2003, T604.4,I).56

ANALYSE VON MUONPRODUKTIONSTIEFENC.130ttrier. K.Datimiller, P.Doll, K.H.Kanipert. D.MartelloR.Obenland ind J.Zal)ierowski (KASCADE-Kollaboration)Verhandlungen el- D1G 212003,11(lChen 2003 7202.71).26

VERGLEICH DER MYONENZAHLEN VON KASCADE-ARRAY UND MYONSPURDETEKTORT.Gnielka. C.130ttrier, K.Daumiller, P.Doll, R.Glasstetter ind J.Zabierowski (KASCADE-Kollaboration)Verhandhin-en del DPQ 212003, Aachen 2003. T501.3 p.46

WINKELAUFLOSUNG DES MYONSPURDETEKTORS FOR HOCHENERGETISCHE MYONENR.Obenland, C.Buettner, K.DaLlnliller, P.Doll, D.Martello und J.ZabierowskiVei-handhingen el- DPG212003. Aachen 2003. T 501.4 p46


EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS AS A HADRONIC INTERACTION LABORATORY;"J.ZabierowskiSeminal tlk in te histitute #'Theoretical Physics, tVarsaw University, Oct. 23, 2003

UNTERSUCHUNG VON HADRONISCHENSCHAUERKERNEN BEI KASCADEA.1wanSeminal- talk in the Institutfitei- Ke)-nphysik. Forschungszen ti'llm aj-1si-ithe, Gennany, July 3 2003

ORIGIN OF THE HIGHEST ENERGY COSMIC RAYS;')T.WibigDepartment of Experimental Physics, Univel-sily qf L6d:7, May 8. 2003

a) in Polishb) in German

INTERNAL SEMINARS

Investi-,ation of Hadronic Cores of EAS wit te Calorimeter of KASCADE Experiment March 2003A.Iwan

CHAIRING OF CONFERENCE SESSIONS

J.Szabelski -chairim, of a session at te 12"' International School -Particles and Cosmology", Baksan, Kabardino-Balkaria.Russian Federation, 21-26 Aril 2003

DIDACTIC ACTIVITY

T.Wilbig -spervision of PhD thesis of Mrs. 1. KLirp IPJ),,Thermodynamical description of particle production processes in ultra-high energy collisions"

.1.Zabierowski -supervision of PD thesis of Mrs. A. Iwan University of L6d2)-Studies of hadrons in extensive air showers basing on the data from KASCADE experiment"

PARTICIPATION IN POLISH AND INTERNAL SCIENTIFIC COUNCILS AND SOCIETIES

J.Zabierowski is a:- membei-ofCELSIUS/WASACollaborationBoard- votin- mernber ofKASCADE-Grande Steeriw, Committee.

SCIENCE POPULARIZATION ACTIVITY

COSMIC RAYS NOW AND THENT.WibigLecture durim te 3rd Science Festival. Ld2, 29 April 2003


THE ROLAND MAZE PROJECT - STUDIES OF THE HIGHEST ENERGY COSMIC RAYSCOSMIC EXPLOSIONS - THE PROBLEM OF DINOSAURS EXTINCTIONTwo lectures in the Olsztyn Planetarium, 28" arch 2003

K.JVdrzejczali, J.Karczmarczyk, I.Kurp, B.Szabelska,.LSzabeIs1ki, T.WibigDemonstration ofair shower rray ad cosmic ra durin- the 3rl Science Festiva),LM2, April 2003

J.Szabelski, T.Wibigparticipation in the television prograni abou Csmic ray registrations Kwadrans akadernicki" TVP3 7 and May 2003

T.WibigPopular talks in the local adio Dobre Radio 106FM" under te common title(UN)NATURAL HISTORY OF THE HUMAN MIND� fragments ae available at http://www.Li.lodz.pl/-wibi-:,/IiieroniinThree sort talks in te local Radio L6d2:

about cosmic rays

about details of celestial bodies movements in the Solar Sstemabout te Wilkinson Anisotrop Pobe WMAP)

WE LIVE AMONG COSMITSJ.Zabierowski"Na Wzniesienlach: gazeta mieszkahc6w gmin), Nowosoina" (SSN 1644 8618).Ian. 11, 2003

PERSONNEL

Research scientistsAnna Iwan-Rise 1/2 (since March 15) Tadeusz Wiblg, DSc., 1/3Barbara Szabelska, Dr. Janusz Zabierowski, DSc.Jacek Szabelski, Dr.

PhD studentsIzabela Kurp, MSc.Karol Jdrzejczak (since Oct. 15)

Technical and administrative staffJadwiga Feder Pawel PlucifiskiKarol Jqdrz�jczak 1/3 (May I -Oct. 14) J6zef SwarzyfiskiJacek Karczmarczyk Przemyslaw TokarskiRyszard Lewandowski

DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR THEORY 127

8 DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR THEORY

PLO401733Head of Department: Pi-of. Grze-orz Wilk

phone: (22) 621-60-85e-mail: wi1k�fuw.edu.p1

Overview

The Department of Nuclear Teory consists of 19 pysicists and I PhD student working on dferent aspectsof low energy hgh energy, plasma and nonlinear pysics as well as on general problerns of quantizatio ofparticle dynamics. In addition to this activity, close collaborations with experimental groups: COMPASS,ASACUSA/ACOL and ALICE at CERN, and participation in the EURIDICE (European CHP Program souldalso be emphasized. Results of our work in 2003 were presented in 27 regular published papers (plus sonicconference proceedings) and in 15 papers aeady accepted for publication. They we also psented innumerous seminars, both in Poland and abroad. Worthy ofspeclal emphasis are esults ofstudies on:• deformed superheavy nuclei;• stran(Te nuclear matter,

• determinations of static nucleus-nucleus potential;

• neutrinoless duble electron capture;• nonextensivity in hadronic and nuclear collisions;• numerical modelling of Bose-Einstein correlations;• applications of QCD for elementary reactions;• quantum dynamics of test particle in curved space-time;• complex systems.

Other topics covered include studies of parton dstributions in nuclei, effective QCD-la-ranclans te stabilityof nonlinear waves described by integral - differential equations and properties of solitons. The most importantachievements of our Department for tis year are: (a) confirmation of Feynman's hypothesis about the formationof vortices in Bose-Einstein condenstates (this has been also selected as one of the leading achievements of' tilewhole Institute); (b a new nterpretation of.'Bose-Einstein correlations in partially coherent ysterns.

Collaborations with several universities and institutions have been maintained. These include the Universitiesof Warsaw, Kielce, Polish Academy of Sciences, Miinchen, Paris, Liege, Helsinki, Sdo Paulo, Berkeley, St.Petersbura, Regensburg, Lpsk, London, Warwick and the Institutes at: CERN, GSI and JINR.


8.1 Properties of Heavy and Superheavy Nucleiby I.Muntian, O.Parkhornenko, Z.Patyk ad A.Sobiczewski PLO401734

Studies of the properties of te heaviest nuclei [2] I.Muntian, Z.Patyk, A.Sobiczewski, Yad. FZ.have been continued. Masses and a-decay energies Q, 66(2003)105 1; Phys. At. Nucl. 66(2003)1015have been alculated for a wide egion ofnLICICI 11,2]. [3] O.Parkhomenko, I.Muntian, Z.Patyk,Much attention has been given to a discussion of te A.Sobiczewski, Acta Phys. Pol. B34(2003)2153relation between calculated and measured or odd- [4] I.Muntian, Z.Patyk and A.Sobiczewski, ActaA and odd-odd superheavy nuclei [1]. Nutron Phys. Pol. B34(2003)2141separation energy of superheavy nuclei as also been [5] Z.Patyk, I.Muntian and A.Sobiczewski, APHanalysed 3]. Especially, trne has been devoted to te N.S., Heavy Ion Physics 18(2003)361study of the height of te (static) spontaneOLIS-fission [6] A.Sobiczewski and I.Muntian, "Mechanisrnbarriers of heavy and superheavy nle 4]. The behind the relation between shell structure andheight is a basic quantit o a calculation of' te stability of heaviest nuclei", Nucl. Phys. A(2004)survival probability of a compound nucleus, wich is in pessan essential fctor in calculations of cross sections fr [71 I.Muntian, O.Parkhomenko and A.Sobiczewski,a synthesis of the heaviest nuclei. Besides calculations "Properties of superheavy nuclei", Proc. Intern.of the barrier height for axially del.'ormed nuclei, an Tours Symp. on Nuclear Physics V, Toursanalysis and discussion ofthis quantity lave ben also (France) 2003 (AlP Conf. Series, New York,done i te case of non-axiality 7-81 A large effect f 2004) in pessthe non-axiality (up to about 2 MeV) has been found [81 I.Muntian, A.Sobiczewski, "Fission barriers offor some of the nclei. heavy and superheavy nuclei", Proc. NATO

Advanced Study Institute: Structure and

[1] I.MuntianS.Hofmanti,Z.P�itykA.Sobiczewski, Dynamics of Elementary Matter, Kerner Turkey)2003 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004)

Acta Phys. Pol. B34(2003)2073 in press

8.2 Mass Determination for Neutron-deficient Nuclidesby F.Attallahl), K.Beckert'), F.Bosch'), D.Boutin", M.Falch'), B.Franzke'), H.Gelssel'), M.Hausniann'),

3) 1,2) 3)LO e K.E.G.UbnerTh.Kerscher O.Kleppei H.-J.Klug C.Kozhuharovl�, Yu.A.Litvinov2CY) G.MUnzenberc,'), F.Nolden'), Yu.N.Novikovl ,Z.Patyk, T.Radon'), C.Scheidenbergei J.Stadth-nann

r- M.Steck'), H.Wolinik 40"T0_j We continued the determination f mass values [2] T.Radon . ..... Z.Patyk et al., Nucl. Phys. A677

[1 2 for neutron-deficient nuclei in the led region. (2000)75The mass measurement, using te Shottky ethod, has [3] A.H.Wapstra, G.Audi and C.Thibault, Nucl. Phys.been performed at GSI-Darmstadt. For the first tirne, A729(2003)129the masses or roughly 80 nuclei have beendetermined with a precision 28 kcV. Results have 1) GSI-Darmstadt Grmanybeen published by A.H.Wapstra, G.Audl and 2) St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RussiaC.Thibault 3]. 3) Scktion Physik, Ludwig-Maxii-nifians-

Universitaet Muenchen, Germany4) 11 Physikalisches Institut, Universitact Gessen,[1] Z.Patyk and A.Sobiczcwski, SINS Annual Report Germany

2001, 130

11111 III 11111 1111 hall 11111 11111 IIIII 1111 IIII8.3 Selfconsistent Fusion Barriers at Near Barrier Energies PLO401736

by J.Skalski

Adiabatic entrance channel potentials have been in recent experiments in GSI Darmstadt and JIHRcalculated for a number o-' eactions within the static Dubna. Potentials obtained, especially in theHartree-Fock method with the Skyrme force SkM* compound nucleus region, ae markedly different fom[1]. In order to test te pedictive power of' the the frozen density potentials, considered up to now inmethod, we included well measured reactions tooether the mean field studies of fusion.with reactions leadino, to the heaviest observed nuclei


The conclusions of our work may be stated as 9 A comparison of the calculated barrier heights tofollows: the experimental data for reactions with large ZTZp

and deformed fragments supports the idea of• Adiabatic fusion barriers calculated with SkM*fusion hindrance in tip collisions, in spite of. ' the

force compare with experiment uch better than substantially lower fusion barrier.the reaction Q values for eavy and superheavycompound nuclei. This sue-ests some eror 0 From the point of view of entrance channel efi'ects,cancellation. We suspect that subtraction of a too and considering the same compound nucleus. thelarge relative kinetic energy makes up for too large 48Ca induced reactions on actinides seem to of1'er areaction Q values. better chance for fusion in side ollision than

208• Adiabatic barriers are closer to experiment than the reactions on a Pb taraet.

frozen density ones. The rise of te potential withdecreasing nternuclear distance, seen in the frozen [4] J.Skalski, Int. J. of Mod. Phys. E, in pess; 11LICl-

density or quasi-adiabatic studies 2], disappears in th/0402033the tuly adiabatic calculation. [5] J.Skalski, Acta. Phys. Pol. B34(2003)1977

V(R) [MeV] V(R) [MeV]

XL 48 2 XX X X X X X X180. + Ca+ % 200 - X

0+ 190 -LI

170. + X+ X 180 - E+ + X

X +X

+ +X X 170 XX X + +

160. X X X X XX 160 +

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. R [h] 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 R [fm]

Fig. I Calculated nucleLls-nUCIeLIS potentials, left panel: adiabatic (crosses) and quasi-diabatic (Pluses) for 2111 Pb+"'Ca, right pnel:4 211adiabatic for "Zr+"'Zr (pluses), -wPu+ 'Ca tip stars) and side collision (squares), and for Pb+"'zn, shifted by 40 MeV (crosses).

8.4 Interaction of Hyperons with Atomic Nucleiby J.DaLbrowski and J.Ro2ynek PLO401737

The work on the interaction of hyperons with begin the analysis of the nuclear interaction of in tenuclei was continued. Results obtained so far show recently observed Z-,K+) reaction on a sconthat this interaction is repulsive inside nuclei and taraet.attractive at the nuclear surface. These results, C,obtained with model F of the N"meaen baryon-baryoninteraction, are consistent with the new observations [1] J.Dztbrowski, J.Ro2ynek, in Condensed Matterof the strangeness exchanoe reactions on beryllium Physics, Vol. 18, Eds M.de Llano, C.Fiolhas, L.dataraet and with the measured strona interaction shifts Providencia, Nova Scotia Publishers, Huntinaton.

and widths of atomic levels. Tese results are N.Y. 1003, p.347described in [1], and 2 where it is stressed that, also [2] J.DE[browski, Acta Phys. Pol. B - in pessin the A hypernuclei model, F is dstinguished as [3] J.Ro2ynek, J.D4browski, Phys. Rev.solving the "overbindino poblem 3 Pesently, we C20(19790)1612


8.5 Nuclear Matter Approach to the Interaction Potential between Heavy Ions00 by J.Dqbrowski, H.SX61-iler ad J.Ro2ynekC10

A simple theory of' the interaction potential Coulomb barrier in the calculated potential between havy ions y 1], based o te local density Compared fvorably wth other estimates 3].0

-j approximation and the frozen density o Is(L extended to nuclei wth neutron excess. Te energy 1 I J.Dqbrowski, H.S.K61-iler, Nucl. Phys.

MM density needed r calculating y is expressed dectly A489(1988); Ibid A499(1989)413through te equilibrium properties o' nuc1car matter [21 J.Dqbrowski, H.S.Kbhler, Acta Phys. Pol..with utron excess, a phenomenological gradient B34(2003)1987term ad throuah ucleon density dstributions i te [3] J.Dqbrowski, J.Ro2ynek and H.SX61-iler, Actatwo colliding nuclei 2 The theory is applied to a Phys. Pol. B34(2003)4257number o' pairs of nuclei with neutron excess. The

University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, USA

8.6 Application of the Interaction Gluon Model to Pomeron-Pomeron Collisionsby F.O.Durdes', F.S.Navarra". G.Wilk

0)CO Some time ago, we used te Interacting G11.1011 parameter in diffractive processes dominated byI-

Model developed by LIS for nastic production Porneron exchanges [I].0;; r processes to dscribe larue ass Mx poduction in te0

central realon with two rapidity aps wch is [1] F.O.DurdesF.S.Navari-aandG.Wilk;Pliys.Rev.believed to proceed via nteraction two ob' jects D67(2003)074002-1/9,ailed "Pornerons". Using (by fittiria other reactions)

values o.' established before we obtained Inst-tuto de F's'ca, Univers'dade de Sdo Paulo,the Porneron-Pomeron inelastic cross section (and its Sdo Paulo, BrazilMx and energy dependence), wich is an 11,171portant

8.7 Description of Single Particle Spectra by Means of the Information TheoryApproach in its Extensive and Nonextensive Versionsby F.S.Navarral), M.Rybczyfisk i2). O.V.UtYLI/,h, G.Wilk, Z.Wlodarczyk 2�

C) Using the nrmation theory approach in its with nonlinearity given by the nonextensive arameterextensive and nonextensive versions, we were able to q describing the underlining Tsallis q statistics. II

educe in a model independent way te inelasticity particular, we have demonstrated how this leads to a014- ararneter K o hgh energy multiparticle production Feynman Scaling violation in these collisions.P0

processes in pp and pp collisions and obtain11] F.S.Navai-raO.V.UtyuzliG.Wllk.Z.Wlodarczyk;inelasticity dstributions [1]. We have dmonstrated

that the nonextensivity parameter cl is connected in Phys. Rev. D67 (2003)114002- /IOthis case with the dynamical fluctuations causing the [2] M.Rybczyfiski, Z.Wlodarczyk and G.Wilk; Nucl.mUltiparticle dstributions to tak a Negative Bnomial Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) B 22 2003) 325-328

form rather than a Poissonian one, specifically Instituto de Fsica, Universidade de S5o Paulo,q=1+11k where k is the caracteristic te parameter o'Ne(yative Bnornial dstribution given by its width. In Sdo Paulo, BazilC, - Institute of Pysics, wiqtokrzyska Academy,[2] we ave shown that one can also escrib te same Kielce, Polandresults using the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation

DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR THEORY PLO401741 131

8.8 Bose-Einstein Correlations from a Quantum Field Theoretical Point of Viewby G.A.Kozlovl), .V.Utyuzh, G.Wilk

Using the Quantum Field Theory approach we deduced from the shape of the C2 (Q) functionhave solved the lon(T standing question f which form corresponds not so much to the true adius of' teof the Bose-Einstein correlation function C2 (Q) emitting source but rather to the distance in phaseshould be used in the case of. ' partial coherence of the space up to which two particles can still be consideredhadronizing source: with only two terms (as usually as being identical (sometimes called the homogenityused) or with three trms (as advocated some time ao lenath - in reality it is a composition of both).by using the quantum statistical approach)? It turnsout that both forms are riht in their own way. [11 G.A.KozlovO.V.UtyuzhandG.Wilk;Phys.Rev.Namely: when in a hadronizing source one can C68 2003) 024901-5distinguish quantum (bozonic) and classical particles [2] G.A.Kozlov, .V.Utyuzh and G.Wilk; Ukr J.(which are coherent by definition), the former formula Ph s. 48 2003)1313-1319is the rht one, whereas when coherence is induced y

by some external field (action of which ntroduces, for 1) Boaoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics,example, a kind of partial locking o pleases of all Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna,particles) the later formula has to be used 12]. In Russiaaddition we have shown that the "radius" parameter

8.9 Pion Form Factor Phase, 7un Elasticity and New e' e- Databy S.Eidelman l) and L.Lukaszuk PLO401742

The pion form factor and its relation to n7l: In paper 2] new, precise data on the low energy e''h'lation into hadrons from Novosibirsk ae sed

scattering have been extensively studied for many e anni iyears. Although the form factor phase naturally to obtain bounds on the elasticity parameter and theappears in any model of the pion form fctor-, it is well difference between the phase of the pion . rm factorknown that only the absolute value of the form factor and that of the g1 scatteringcan usually be measured while information on the

phase can be gained from sophisticated nterference [11 L.LLikaszukPhys.LettB47(1973)51experiments. However, as shown lon ao, there is an [2] L.Lukaszuk, Phys. Lett. B582(2004)27interesting possi I I I b unds on the

elasticity parameter of the P-wave mg scattering ill 1) Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Acad.and the difference between the phase of the pion form Lavrentyev I , Novosibirsk, Russiafactor and that of the m scattering 1 in a model-independent way under very general assumptions [I].

8.10 Impact Representation of Generalized Distribution Amplitudes PLO401743by B.Pirel�, L.Szymanowski

We develop [1] an impact representation for the can be used for understanding some properties of'generalized distribution amplitude which describes the quark hadronization pocess.exclusive hadronization of a quark-antiquark pair to a

pair of mesons. Experiments such as y > 7un and [1] B.Pire and L.Szymanowski, Phys.Lett. B556y N > in N' are shown to probe the transverse size of (2003)129the hadronization region of the quark antiquark pairthat one can interpret as the transverse overlap of the CPhT Lole Polytechnique, Francetwo ernerainc, mesons. An astonishing feature of thisdescription is that a low energy ut phase shift analysis


8 11 Diffractive Eectroproduction of Two Mesons Separated by Large Rapidity Gapsby D.Yu.l,%,anovl). L.Szymanowski

0 The pocess of a ight neutral vector meson (NLO) for the production of vector mesons. V = PO,0 electroproduction is studied I in te framework of_jCL QCD factorization in which the amplitude actorizes

in a convolution of the noriperturbative meson [1] Proc.oftheX'hlnternationalWorkshoponHl(,Ylidistribution amplitude and the generalized parton Energy Spin Physics, JINR Dubna, Sept. 16-20,densities with the perturbatively calculable hard- 112003, in printscattering amplitudes. We derive a complete set ofhard-scattering amplitudes at next-to-leading order 1) Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk, Russia

8.12 Pomeron Odderon Interference in Diffractive Meson Pairs Productionby D.Yu.lvanov". B.Pire 21 , L.Szymanowski, .V.Tei-yaeV3)

LO

Electroproduction of two vector mesons with a vector meson PT' selects a chiral-odd GPD in terl-,C- large rapidity ap between them provides t first0 C, proton.IT feasible selective access to chiral-odd GPI)s [1]. The

scattering amplitude of the pocess N -> p PT N'_j C, L . [1] Proc.oftheSPIN-03WorkshopDubna,EL may be epresented as a convolution of an impact September 16-20, in print

factor describing', the y pl.0 tansition and anam i + N' tansition,

plitude describing the N --- P Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk, Russiaanalogously to deeply exclusive electroproduction of a 2) CPhT Lole Polytechnique, Francemeson, the virtual photon being replaced by a 3) JINR, Dubna, RussiaPomeron. Te production of a tansversely polarized

8.13 The Hilbert-space Structure of Non-Hermitian Theories with Real Spectra(O by R.Kretschmerl), L.Szymanowski

O We investigate the quantum-mechanical1q_ interpretation of models with non-Hermitian [I] Talk at the I" International Workshop on Peudo-

_j Hamiltonians and real spectra [1]. After describin a Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics,CL (Y neral ramework to eformulate such odels in Prague, Czech Republic, June 16-17, 2003 toCI Z�

terms of Hermitian Hamiltonians defined on the appear in Czechoslovak Physics Journal 2004)Hilbert space L,(--, -), we discuss the sgnificance ofthe algebra ofp University of Siegen, Germany

8.14 Nuclear Structure Function in the Deep Inelastic Scatteringby J.Ro2ynek

We araue tat results on deep inelastic e-A sea parton distributions are described by additionallyshow partial deconfinement of nucleons allowing for vrtual pions in a hadron n such a wy as

inside the nuclear matter, therefore enhancing the ole to reproduce the nuclear lepton pair production cata0 played by the partonic degrees of freedom. In and saturate the energy-momenturn sum ule 2]. The0 particular, we show that the magnitude of the nuclear influence of Fermi motion changes the nucleon mass

Fermi motion is sensitive to the residual interactions and consequently the nucleon structure unction insidebetween partons, influencing both the nucleon the nucleus. Good areement with experimental datastructure function and the value of the nucleon mass in has been obtained.the nuclear medium . We present a odel o teparton distribution in nuclei based on the assumption [1] J.Ro2ynekG.Wilk,ActaPhys.Polon.-inpi-essthat nuclear Fermi motion fully accounts fr the [2] J.Ro2ynek G.Wilk, submitted to Phys. Lett. collective motion of partons in a nuclear medium. The


8.15 Searching for the Majorana Neutrinoby Z.S 'kowski and SWycech PLO401748

Double neutr'noless-beta decay offers a ethod to magnetic photon emission in very high Z elements, 2)detect the Majorana neutrino. A number of the capture of a 2P, IS pair with a low energy potonexperiments have been pformed, but so far no clear emission. In the latter case, a strong enhancement of

'dence has been obtained Tese experiments look the rate may occur due to resonant radiative tansitionsfor correlated electron pairs, and such processes are in the final atom. Several targets ae likely to 1. 'Li I I' I

difficult due to high random and physical these resonant conditions 3 but the promisingbackarounds A complementary process of no- situations require knowledge of atomic masses up toneutrino two electron capture was studied []. The I KeV accuracy. New, precise measurements reMajorana neutrino would be sgnalled by the emission needed.of a sngle photon of known energy A coincident X-ray would eove the hh background difficulty. [I] Z.S 'kowski and S.Wycech. Acta Phys. Pol.This method offers also ther experimental advantage LIJC, B33(2002)471[21 at the expense of educed decay ates. Such rates [2] Z Sujkowski, Acta Phys.Polon. B34(2003)2207were calculated and two promising situations were [3] Z.Sujkowski and S.Wycech, hep-/ph/0312028found: (I) the capture of an 2S I electron pair with a

8.16 Antiprotonic Atoms and Studies of the Nuclear Surface I IIIIIIII 11111 III line line line Hill line IIII IN INPLO401749

by S.Wycech, R.Smolafiezuk

X-ray transitions in antiprotonic atorns, performed reflecting three main effects: dependence on teby the PS209 Collaboration at CERN 1], have been anaular momentum of the nucleons, sensitivity to theanalysed. The purpose of this experiment was a study longest nucleon-antinucleon force range and theof the neutron density distributions at large nuclear existence of nucleon-antinucleon resonances. A sep inradii in Cadmium and Tin isotopes [2]. The analysis of this direction is already taken 4]. The next one w I Ithe Xay data in the nuclei nvestigated gives include all the scattering, atomic and formation data.densities consistent with the HFB model wth Skyrrne Proposals for the future GSI antiprotonic facility areinteraction 3]. being prepared.

The atomic X-ray data collected so fr by thePS209 and other experiments allow us to determine a I ] A.Trzcinska et al., Nucl. Phys. A692(2001)176cnew form of the antiproton optical potential. While in [2] R.Schmidt et al., Phys. Rev. C67(2003)044308general, it is strongly dominated by the annihilation, [3] J.Dobaczewski et al., Nucl. Phys. A422(1984)103some other nterestin- features ernerae. It is clear that [4] S.Wycech, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B214(2004)164this potential is nonlinear in the nuclear density

8.17 Meson-nucleus Bound States andq-7c Mixingby S.Wycech and A.M.Green') PLO401750

11 mesons are attracted by nucleons so strongly that I'm, and indicates that the 1-3He state is not a bundsome eta-nucleus bound states are likely to be formed. state but a virtual one. It strongly enhances the efectHowever, these states are expected to be short lived of q meson and co meson mixing which otherwise isand a direct detection in the elastic fl-nucleus channel rather weak. The same analysis 2] extracts te rixingis difficult. Experiments that detect enhancements of angle to be 0.6(3) degree. That value is consistent withcross sections close to the q-nucleus thresholds offer some quark models.no unique interpretation.

A recent complementary experiment [1] some [1] Abdel-Baryetal.Phys.Rev.C68,(2003)021603decays of the eta-3He system into ponic channels. [21 A.M Green, S.Wycech, ibid,(2003)0616011This allows to determine te sn of the ij-3He 1)scattering lenaths A. A combined analysis of all the Helsinki Institute of Physics, Finlandelastic and inelastic experimental data done with a K-matrix technique 2], yields A = 424(29) + 072(81)


8.18 Conditions for Existence of Solitons in the Propagation of a Laser Beam

Interacting with its HarmonicsLO h2)by V.C.Lonal), P.P.Goldstein and M.TrIppenbac

0V.

0 Equations Governing the propagation o a

monochromatic laser beam coupled to its third [1] C.L.VanP.P.GoldsteinM.Trippenbach,

harmonic in a nonlinear medium a shown to be H.V.Nam, communication at 28th National Conf.

partially Integrable in the sense of PaInJev6 for all on Theoretical Physics, Sam Son, Vietnam, 12-14

values of its parameters. Te systern is ound to be Aug. 2003

solvable b the Hirota bllnear rnethod povided tat [2] V.C.Long, P.P.Goldstein and M.TrIppenbach,y 0the complex phase of the third harmonies is equal to Acta Phys. Polon., submitted

the tripled phase of the fundamental mode (modulo 7r) [3] C.L.Van, P.P. Goldstein, M.Trippenbach,

and also the amplitudes of these modes ae in special N.T.Dung, communication at 28th National

proportion. The Hrota scheme is found to work only Conference on Theoretical Physics, Sam Son,

for exact esonance, i.e. for the ratio of the dspersion Vietnam, 12-14 Aug. 2003

coefficients equal to the atio of frequencies 1 2 41. [4] P.P.Goldstein, communication at Int. Symposium

All these conditions may only be satisfied or sngle "Plasma 2003", Warsaw, 912 September 2003

envelope solitons of the cubic Schr6dinger type 2 4.

In similar calculations for the 2nd harmonics aeady Institute of Physics, Univ of Zielona G6ra, Poland2

the partial Painlev6 ntegrability is mited to the case Institute or Experimental Physics, Optics

of exact esonance 3]. Division, Warsaw University, Poland

8.19 Properties and Interesting Solutions of the Complex Sine-Gordon and Related

Equationsby P.Bracken'), P.P.Goldstein and A.M.Grundland 2)

The connection between the complex Sine andU-)I,- Sinh-Gordon equations associated with a Welerstrass I P.Bracken, P.P.Goldstein and A.M.Grundland,

0 ype system and the possibility o construction of J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 10(2003)464

114- everal classes of multivortex solutions is discussed in [2] P.P.Goldstein, Cosmic Research 41 2003) 349,0

I deta Russian translation in Kosm'chesk'

PaInlev6 integrability is checked with a positive Issledovanlya 41(2003)373

esult and the possibility of driving the Bkklund

transformation from the singularity analysis is1) Dept. of Mathematics, Colorado University

analysed. New classes of multivortex solutions of' a -)) Centre de Recherches Math6matique, UnIversit6

Weierstrass system are obtained I de Montr6al, Montr6al, QC, Canada

Results of last year investigations on weak double

layers (see 2002 Annual Report) appeared this year

in 2].

8.20 Studies on 1+1 -Dimensional DSR-inspired Modelsby M.Pawlowski

co Some puzzling observations of ultra-high energy standard set of fundamental SR assumptions. tereLO

osmic rays uave motivation for considering the class exists a natural ambiguity of energy and momentum

of theories based on some modified pnciples of' definition in configuration space. The ambiguity leads01;T pecial relativity. The theories, known as Double to a I-parameter class of (conserved!) energies and0-J pecial Relativity (DSR) theories, Generally predict momenta which are constrained by modified

modification of the standard SR dispersion relation dispersion relations. The so obtained modification of

onstraining energy and momentum on the mass shell. the dispersion relation is very similar to the DSR case,

The main difficulty of every DSR theory is its where a modification of te dispersion relation is

configuration space representation. In our studies we necessary to explain phenomena being in

have shown that in the simplified case f 1+ - contradiction with GZK-limit.

dimensional space-time and in the framework o. te


8.21 Light Soliton Propagation in a Stratified Mediumby A.A.Skorupski PLO401754

A numerical code was developed for solving te Using this code it was demonstrated how anNonlinear Schr6dinaer Equation in 2 dimensions, in unstable soliton behaves (for constant value of tewhich one of the coefficients periodically changes in coefficient in question). In the optical context it meanstime (by takine two different constant values). a stabilization of the 11,ght soliton when a unit'(1,111

medium is replaced by a stratified one.

8.22 Quantization of Dynamics of a Particle in de Sitter Space I IIIIIIII IIIII III line 1111 IIII IIII 11111 1111 1111 1111by W.Plechocki PLO401755

We have quantized the particle dynarnics in de indicates which local properties of the system should

Sitter spacetirnes with different topologies to see what be used in the quantization procedure. Our esults areone can do to aoid problems connected with consistent with the fact that quantum theory is a globalremovable singularities of spacetirne in quantum theory. We suggest that its consolidation wth classicaltheory. Our main result is that, taking into account the aravity should take into account both local and global,lobal properties of spacetime akes the imposition of properties of spacetime [I].quantum ules into the dynamics of a particle possible.

Results show that the topology ofspacetime carries [I] W.Plechocki, Class. Quantum Grav 20information not only on the symmetry roup but also (2003)2491

8.23 Theoretical Confirmation of Feynman's Hypothesis on the Creation of CircularVortices in Bose-Einstein Condensatesby E.Infeld and A.Senatorski

LO

The recent creation of pure Bose-Einstein following the transformation numerically. Te circularcondensates in alkali metals and also of vortices vortices so obtained satisfy known constrainincy 0supported by them has increased nterest in these relations between radii and velocities I 0phenomena. In particular, changes observed in the --- 0-topology of these vortices is a partially unsolvedproblem. Here we confirm Feynnian's ypothesis on [1] E.Infeld and A.Senatorski, J. Phys-1 Condens.how circular vortices can be ceated frorn oppositelypolarized pairs of 1near vortices. This is done by Matter 15(2003)5865

8.24 Useful Models of Four-wave Mixing in Bose-Einstein Condensatesby E.Infeld. M.Trippenbach" PLO401757

A recent experiment demonstrated four-wave that are built on the condensate during free expans'ion.mixing of wavepackets in a sodium Bose-Einstein A physical explanation is offered. This compensationcondensate Deng et al. 1999 Nature 398 218). This can improve the efficiency of four-wave mxing:

C inwas followed by a teoretical and numerical treatment some cases even ncreasing it by a factor of 2 We lsoof the experiment (TrIppenbach et al. 2000 Phys Rv. deal with the situation where two strong wavepackctsA 6202368). In the experiment a short period of free are accompanied by a weak input bam applied as a.expansion of the condensate, after elease from the seed both with and without a mismatch He themacnetic trap, was oowed by a set of two Brago, influence of the mismatch is less obviously bneficial.

C 'ICpulses which created moving wavepackets. These We also comment on recent work by KetterIc's (II-01.11),

wavepackets, due to nonlinear interaction and undcr (Voges et al. 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 02040) [1 2.phase-matching conditions, created a new momentumcomponent in a four-wave mxing process. We [1] E.Infeld and M.Trippenbach, J. Phys. B36propose simple mathematical models for this process. (2003)4327Next we suggest that, instead of exactly matching the [2] E.Infeld and M.Trippenbach, Phys. Rev. A68frequencies as in te abovementioned experiments, we (2003)015603introduce a small ismatch in t encraies, andtherefore the requencies Au We show tat suc a Physics Dept., Warsaw University, Warsaw.small mismatch can compensate for te initial phases Poland


8.25 Enhancement of Third Harmonic Generation Mismatchby E.Infeld, M.Trippenbach'), M.Matuszcwskil) PLO401758

Recent experimental developments in materials small mismatch and show how it can b tailored tosciences have enerated hope that it will be possible to compensate for the cross phase modulation of th tirddevise optical media where the difference in roup harmonic by the fundamental during the generationvelocity between the fundamental and third harmonic process. This is very beneficial for the efficiency fmay be strongly suppressed. Under these third harmonic generation, even increasing it by acircumstances both pulses would travel together over a factor of two or more [I].long distance. This would lead to an enhancement of'the aeneration process, and hence strona focusing I M.Matuszewski et a]. Optics Commun. 229and/or usina ultra-short pulses mght not be crucial. If (2004)391the perfect phase matching condition is assumed, theonly remaining mechanisms to decrease efficiency a Physics Dept., Warsaw University, Warsaw,self and cross phase modulation. Here we suggest tat,

Z:�11 Polandinstead of exactly matching wave vectors, we admit a



STABILITY OF DEEP WATER WAVES GOVERNED BY THE BENJAMIN-ONO EQUATIONE.Infeld and G.RowlandsActa Phys. Polon A 03(2003)365

PROPERTIES OF LIGHT H. Pb ad Po ISOTOPESI.Muntian and Z.PatykActa Phys. Polon. B34(2003)1969

NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS POTENTIAL AT NEAR BARRIER ENERGIES FROM SELF CONSISTENT CALCULATIONSJ.SkalskiActa Phys. Polon. B34(2003)1977

NUCLEAR MATTER APPROACH TO THE INTERACTION POTENTIAL BETWEEN HEAVY IONSJ.Dqbrowski ad H.S.K6h]erActa Ph.vs. Polon. B34(2003)1987

PROPERTIES OF HEAVIEST NUCLEII.Muntian, S.Hofmann, Z.Patvk and A.SobiczewskiActa Phys. Polon. B34(2003)2073

FISSION PROPERTIES OF S UPERHEAVY NUCLEII.Muntian, Z.Patyk and A.SobiczewskiAcia Phys. Polon. B34(2003)2141

NUCLEON SEPARATION ENERGIES FOR HEAVIEST NUCLEIO.Parkhomenko, I.Muntian, Z.Patyk and A.Sobicze,",skiActa Phys. Polon. B34(2003)2153

APPLICATION OF THE NUCLEAR MATTER APPROACH TO THE INTERACTION POTENTIAL BETWEEN HEAVY IONSJ.Dqbrowski H.S.K6hier and 1110vnckActa Phys. Polon. B34(2003)4257

QUANTIZATION AND SPACETIME TOPOLOGYW.PiechockiClass Qantum Grav. 20(2003)2491

ON SOLVABLE MODELS OF ELECTROSTATIC DOUBLE LAYERSP.P.GoldsteinCosmic Research 4, No.4, 2003)349

Y ATOMS AND N INTERACTION.J.Dqbrowski, J.RoiynckCondensed Matter Theories, Vol. 8. Eds M.de Llano, C.Fiolhais, J.da Providencia et al Nva Science Publishers, Huntington.N. Y, 2003,I).34 7

SYSTEMATICS OF SPONTANEOUS-FISSION BARRIER HEIGHTSZ.Patyk, I.Muntian and A.SobiczewskiA PH N. S., Heavy lon Physics 8(2003)361

CALCULATED MASSES OF HEAVIEST NUCLEII.Muntian, Z.Patyk and A.SobiczewskiYad. Fiz. 66(2003)1051; Plivs. At. Nuc. 66(2003)1015

ON VORTEX SOLUTIONS AND LINKS BETWEEN THE WEIERSTRASS SYSTEM AND THE COMPLEX SINE-GORDONEQUATIONP.Bracken, P.P.Goldstein and A.M.GrundlandJ. NonlinearMath. Phys. 10 4200-3)464

THEORETICAL CONFIRMATION OF FEYNMAN'S HYPOTHESIS ON CREATION OF CIRCULAR VORTICES IN BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATESE.Infeld and A.SenatorskiJ.Plivs. Condens. Matter 15(2003)5865

USEFUL MODELS OF FOUR-WAVE MIXING IN BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATESE.Infeld, M.TrippenbachJ.Plivs. B36(2003)4327

HOW THE NUCLEAR FERMI MOTION PLUS A SIMPLE STATISTICAL MODEL EXPLAINS THE EMC EFFECTJ.Roiynek and G.WilkNucl. Phvs. A721(2003)388c-391c


ELECTROMAGNETIC CORRECTIONS TO THE P-P SCATTERING LENGTHS OBTAINED FROM PIONIC HYDROGEN.T.E.O.Ericson, B.Loiscati, S.Wycecli.Nitcl. Phvs A 721(2003)653

RAPIDITY SPECTRA ANALYSIS IN TERMS OF NON-EXTENSIVE STATISTIC APPROACHM.Rybczy6ski, Z.Wiodarczvk ad G.WilkNucl. Phys B proc. Sippl.) 122(2003)325

IMPACT REPRESENTATION OF GENERALIZED DISTRIBUTION AMPLITUDESB.Pire. L.SzymanowskiPhys. Lett. B556(2003)129

OBSERVATION OF DRAMATIC FALL-OFF OF NUCLEAR DECAY RATES IN ISOMERIC STATES FOR FULLY IONIZEDATOMSYu.A.Litvinov, Z.Patyk, ..., T.Radon, C.Scheidenbuger, J.Stadtlmann, M.Steck, M.B.Trzhaskovskaya, H.Wollnik, et al.Phys. Lett. B573(2003)80

ENHANCEMENT OF FOUR WAVE COUPLING BY PHASE MISMATCHE.Infeld, M.TrippenbachPhvs. Rev. A68(2003)015603

NUCLEON DENSITY IN THE NUCLEAR PERIPHERY DETERMINED WITH ANTIPROTONIC X RAYS: CADMIUM ANDTIN ISOTOPESR.Schmidt, A.Trzcinska, T.Czosnyka. R.Smolanczuk, S.Wycech, et al.Phys. Rev. C67(2003)044308

THE BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATION FUNCTION C(Q) FROM A QUANTUM FIELD THEORY POINT OF VIEWG.A.Kozlov, .V.Ut3,uzh and G.WilkPh.iw. Rev. C68(2003)024901

ON ETA-Pi MIXING CLOSE TO ETA-HELIUM THRESHOLDA.M.Green i S.WycechPh.ys Rev C68(2003)061601

EXTRACTING THE POMERON-POMERON CROSS SECTION FROM DIFFRACTIVE, MASS SPECTRAF.O.Durdes, F.S.Navarra and G.WilkPhys. Rev. D67(2003)074002

ESTIMATING THE INELASTICITY WITH THE INFORMATION THEORY APPROACHF.S.Navarra, .V.Utyuzh, G.Wilk and Z.WiodarczykPhys. Rev. D67(2003)1143002

THE BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF QUANTUM FIELD THEORYG.A.Kozlov, .V.Utytizh and G.WilkUkr..I.Phys 4(2003)1313

SHORT STORY OF HYPERNUCLEI - A PERSONAL ACCOUNTJ.DqbrowskiActa Phys. Polon. in press)

NONEXTENSIVE INFORMATION ENTROPY FOR STOCHASTIC NETWORKSG.Wilk and Z.WJodarczvkActa Phys. Polon. B in press)

QUANTUM PARTICLE ON HYPERBOLOIDW.PiechockiClassical cited Quantum Grciviy in pess)

THE HILBERT-SPACE STRUCTURE OF NON-HERMITIAN THEORIES WITH REAL SPECTRAR. Kretschmer and L.SzymanowskiQuant-plijs10309118, Czech3ournal of'Physics in press)

NEUTRON SEPARATION ENERGY FOR HEAVY AND SUPERHEAVY NUCLEIO.Parkhomenko, I.Muntian, Z.Patyk and A.SobiczewskiAPH N.S., Heavy lon Physics 7 2003 - in press)

PROPERTIES OF HEAVIEST NUCLEI WITHIN MACRO-MICRO APPROACHI.Muntian, Z.Patyk and A.SobiczewskiAPH N.S., Heavy ln Physics 19 2003 - in press)

PROPERTIES OF HEAVIEST NUCLEI WITHIN MACROMICRO APPROACHI.Muntian, Z.Patyk and A.SobiczewskiA PH N. S. Heavy lon Ph.ysics 19,000(2003 - in press)


STUDY OFBASIC PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY-CHARAGED, UNSTABLE NUCLEI A THE SIS-FRS-ESR COMPLEXC.Scheidenberger, Z.Patyk B.Pfeiffer, ..., H.Wollnik and T.Yarnaguchi, et al.APH N.S., Heavv Ion Phisics 17,000 2003 - in press)

SELFCONSISTENT FUSION BARRIERS AT NEAR BARRIER ENERGIES.I.Skalskihit. .1. qf'Modern Phys F i press)

NEUTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS FROM ANTIPROTONIC ATOMS COMPARED WITH HADRON SCATTERINGDATAJ.Jastrzebski A.Trzcinska, P.LLibinski, B.Klos, F.J.Hartmann, T.von Egidy, and S.Wycech.hiternational Journal 'Modern Physics E. in press)

STUDIES OF THE NUCLEAR SURFACE WITH ANTIPROTONIC ATOMSS.WycechNuct. histr ad Methods i Phys. Res i press)

MECHANISM BEHIND THE RELATION BETWEEN SHELL STRUCTURE AND STABILITY OF HEAVIEST NUCLEIA.Sobiczewski and I.MuntianNucl. Phys. A. i press)

ENHANCEMENT OF THIRD HARMONIC GENERATION BY MISMATCHM.Matuszewski, M.Trippenbach, E.Infeld, Cao Long Van, R.S.Tas"ral, Y.B.BandOptics Communications 2003 in press)

PION FORM FACTOR PHASE ZZ ELASTICITY AND NEW e'e-DATA

S.Eidelman and L.LukaszukPhys. Lett in press)


ENCHANCEMENT OF FOUR WAVE MIXING BY PHASE MISMATCHE.Infeld and IVI.Trippenbach, (invited talk)DAMOP, Boulder, Colorado. Mm, 20-24, 2003

FOUR WAVE MIXING IN PHYSICAL MEDIAE.Infeld, invited talk)Plasina 2003, �Varsavv, Poland, Sepl 912, 2003

THE MODIFICATHON OF NUCLEON PROPERTIES INSIDE NUCLEAR MEDIUM IN THE EMC EFFECTJ.Roiynek, (invited talk)XXV1 International Con 6ence on Particle and Nuclei, Valencia, Spain, 31 Jun -.6 Jl 2003

SHORT STORY OF HYPERNUCLEI - A PERSONAL ACCOUNTJ.D:Ibrowski, invited talk)�VXVIJJ Mazurian Lakes School ofPhysics, Krzyfe, Poland, August 31 - September 72003

THE PARTIAL DECONFINEMENT OF NUCLEONS INSIDE NUCLEAR MATTER AS SEEN BY DEEP INELASTICELECTRON-NUCLEUS SCATTERINGJ.Roiynek, (invited talk)AW1,711 Mazurian Lakes School ofPhysics. Krzyfe, Poland, Agust 31 - September 7 2003

SELFCONSISTENT FUSION BARRIERS AT NEAR BARRIER ENERGIESJ.Skalski, (oral)Nuclear Physics Workshol7s, a7iinierz, September 2003

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEIA.Sobiczewski, I.Muntian and O.Parkhomenko, (invited talk)Proc.o theNATOAdvciticedSitidNIii.vtititte:,,Sti-tictre(itidD�),nctinicsofElementai-),MatterKentei-(Ttirkey)2003(Kliiii�ei-Academic Publishers, 2004) - in press

PROPERTIES OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEII.Muntian, O.Parkhomenko and A.Sobiczewski, (invited talk)Proc. Intern. Tours Symp O Nuclear Physics V, Tours France) 2003, (AIP Conf.' Series, New York, 2004) - in wess

ON EXISTENCE OF SOLITON SOLUTIONS IN PROPAGATION OF HIGHER HARMONICS OF A LASER BEAMP.P.Goldstein, (poster)Presentation at te hit. Conf "Plasinet 2003 Research and Applications qfPlasma, Warsaw, Poland, 912 Selm 2003

ON THE EXISTENCE OF SOLITONS FOR THE 3 RD HARMONIC OF A LIGHT BEAM IN OPTICAL FIBRESCao Long Van, P.P.Goldstein, M.Trippenbach and Hoang VAn Nam, (invited talk)28 National Cnfon Theoretical Phjsics, Sain Son, Vietnam, 12-14 Aug. 2003


ON EXISTENCE OF SOLITON SOLUTIONS IN SECOND HARMONIC EQUATIONS FOR A LASER BEAMCao LomZ Van, P.P.Goldstein, M.Trippenbach and Nuyen Tien Dung, (invited talk)28 National Con on Theoretical PhNwics, Sam Son, Vietnam. 12-14 Ag. 2003

GLOBAL PROPERTIES OF SPACETIMES AND QUANTIZATIONW.Piechocki (oral)Lecture. Mathematics ol'Gratitation IF' Ste n Banach Int. Mathematical Center, Iarsaw 6 Sept. 2003

HOW TO MODEL BEC NUMERICALLY?O.Utvuzh, invited talk)Second lVai-savi, Meeting on Pai-ticle Cori-elations ad Resonances in Heav.y Ion Collisions, Warsaw, 15-18 Oct. 2003

SINGLE PARTICLE SPECTRA FROM INFORMATION THEORY POINT OF VIEWG.Wilk (invited talk)Lecture, Ihid Wat-saw illeeting on Particle Correlations and Resonances in Heavy Ion Collisions, Warsaw, 15-18 Oct. 2003

BEC FOR PHOTONS AND NEUTRAL PIONSG.Wilk, (invited talk)Lecture, IInd Wai-saw, Meeting on Parlicle Correlations and Resonances in Heavy on Collisions Wirsait,,, 15-18 Oct. 2003

ELECTROMAGNETIC CORRECTIONS TO SCATTERING LENGTHS FROM HYDROGENIC ATOMS APPLIED TO THEPl-P SYSTEMT.E.O.Ericson, B.Loiseau and SWycech invited talk)Wot-kshop on Exotic Atoms, Ti-ento, September 2003

SUPERCONVERGENCE RELATIONS AND PARITY VIOLATING ANALOGUE OF GDH SUM RULEK.Kurek, (oral)If" 1,Vor-shop on High Enei-gy Spin Physics (SPIN 2003), Dubna, Russia, ept 16-20, 2003

PROPERTIES OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEIR.Smolafiezuk, (invited talk)2"" hitei-national Cotifti-ence on te Chemistr-y and Physics qfthe Ti-ansactinade Elements, Napa, USA, 16-20 Not,. 2003

PRECISION EXPERIMENTS WITH TIME-RESOLVED SCHOTTKY MASS SPECTROMETRYYu.A.Litvinov, ..., F.Nolden, Yu.N.Novikov. Z.Patyk T.Radon, C.Scheidenberg, M.Steck, H.Wollnik, et al., (invited talk)Nucleus-Nucletts Collision, Moscow, Russia, 2003

INFORMATION THEORY IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (EXTENSIVE AND NONEXTENSIVE APPROACH)G.Wilk, (invited talk)Lecture. hite)-national lorkshop on Trends tied Perspeclives on Extensit,e and Non-Extensive Statistical Mechanics, Angi-a dosReis, Brazil, 19.11.2003

COMUNICATIONS PUBLISHED IN CONFERENCES MATERIALS

NEUTRON SEPARATION ENERGY FOR HEAVY AND SUPERHEAVY NUCLEIO.Parkhomenko, I.Muntian, Z.Patyk and A.SobiezewskiPi-oc. ntem. Synq). On Nucl. Chistet-s: Fi-om Light Exotic to Superheavy Nclei, Raitischholzahausen (Gei-many) 2002, eds. R.J01osand W.Scheid (EP Svstema, Debrecen, Hungao 2003)1).451

SYSTEMATICS OF SPONTANEOUS-FISSION BARRIER HEIGHTSZ.Patyk, I.Muntian, and A.SobiezewskiPi-oc. hitei-n. Symp. On Nucl. Cluste)-s: From Light Elvolic to Stpei-hecwy Nclei, Rauischholzahausen (Gei-many) 2002, eds. RJolosand W. Scheid (EP Svstema, Debl-ecen, Hungwy 2003 p 235

PROPERTIES OF HEAVIEST NUCLEI WITHIN MACROMICRO APPROACHI.Muntian, Z.Patvk and A.SobiczewskiProc. Intern. Symp. On Nuc[. Custei-s.- From Light Evotic to Superheav.y Nuclei, Rauischholzahausen Germany) 2002, eds. R.Jolosand W.Scheid (EP SyStema, Debrecen, Hungary 2003)p. 445

DIFFRACTIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION OF TWO MESONS SEPARATED BY LARGE RAPIDITY GAPSD.Yu.lvanov, B.Pire, L.Szymanowski and .V.TeryaevProc. I ph Intei-national Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2003), St. Petersburg, Russia, 23-27 Apt 2003, - i pi-ess

POMERON ODDERON INTERFERENCE IN DIFFRACTIVE MESON PAIRS PRODUCTIOND.YLI.lvanov, B.Pire, L.Szymanowski and .V.TeryaevPi-oc. o' I" Intei-national Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattefing (DIS 2003), St. Petersburg, Russia, 23-27 Api 2003, - in press

THE BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF QUANTUM FIELD THEORYG.A.Kozlov, .V.Utvuzh and G.Wilkhit. C)/?/' New Trends in High-Energy Physics experiment, phenomenology, theory)", Alushta, Crimea, Ukraine, Maj,24-31, 2003


ARE BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS EMERGING FROM CORRELATIONS OF FLUCTUATIONS?M.Rybczyiiski, .Utyuzh, Z.Wlodarczyk and G.WiIkProc.(Y'the I yh International orkshop n Midtiparticle Production; Correlations and Fluctuations in CD: Crete, Greece 15June 2002: edts. NG.Alitonioit, .K.Diakonos and C.N.Ktorides, World Scientific 2003), 1�1). 162-171

TRACES OF NONEXTENSIVITY IN PARTICLE PHYSICS DUE TO FLUCTUATIOINSG.Wilk ad Z.WlodarczvkProc. ofthel0th hiternat ional IVorkshop o Mulliparticle Production: Correlations and Fluctuations in CD; Crete Geece 15June 2002; edts. N. G.Antoniou, F.K.Diakonos ind C.MKtorides, World Scienti ic (2003),I)I). 344-353

STUDY OFBASIC PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY-CHARAGED, UNSTABLE NUCLEI A THE SIS-FRS-ESR COMPLEXC.Scheidenber-er, ..., Z.Patyk B.Pfeiffer, M.Portillo, ..., H.Weick. M.Winkler, H.Wollnik, T.Yarnaguchl, et al.Proc. #'the "Nitclear Chtsters:.ftoni Light Eotic Nuclei to Silperheav�l Nuclei 1471 ed. R.Jalos and W.Scheid, Debrecen,Hungary, 2003

POWER-LIKE ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSEG.Wilk and Z.WlodarczvkProc. qfthe XXXII International Symposimn on Multiparticle Dynainics, Alushta, Crimea, Ukraine. September 713, 2002, lVorldScienl�fic 2003), eds. A.Sissakian, G.Kozlov ind E.Kolgallova, pp. 50-53

LEADING PARTICLES AND DIFFRACTIVE SPECTRA IN THE INTERACTING GLUON MODELF.O.Duracs, F.S.Navarra and G.WilkProc. (Lithe NATO Advanced Research 1Vorkshop on InterIn-etation 'the New DfV f�active Phenomena in Quantivil Chromod'ynamicand in S-Matrix Theorv, DlFFRACTION 2002. Allishta, Criniea (Ukraina), 31 Aug. -4 Sep. 2002; eds. R.Fiore, L.L.Jekovs1-k.v.M.I.Kotsky, VK.Magas and A.Papa, KhoverAcademic Publishers (2003),I)I).293-303

THE ETA-Pi MIXING AND ETA-HE BOUND STATES.Wycech and A.M. Green71h 11t. Work-sop on Production Properties ad hit. qI'Mesons p323 Wrld Scient�fic 2003, Editor L.Jarczyk

FISSION BARRIERS OF HEAVY AND SUPERHEAVY NUCLEII.Muntian and A.SobiczewskiProc. NATO Advanced Stitd.v histititte: Structure and Dynaniics q'Eleinentary Matter, Kenier Turkey) 2003 (KIttiverAcademicPublishers, 2004) in press

LECTURES, COURSES AND SEMINARS

Synthesis of heaviest elements and seifconsistent projectile - target interaction potentialsJ.Skalski, Nuclear Theory Seniinar Tarsait,-, 16.1anuary 2003, Nuclear Physics seminar, Instititte oPhysics U, 25 March 2003

Nieperturbacyjne aspekty chromodynamiki kwantowejK.Kurek, Seminar IFT Universi�v effBia�ystok

Cechowania konturoweL.Lukaszuk, Seminar IFT UW, Warsaw 14 March 2003

Efek-ty famatila parzystoki w procesach coniptonaL.Lukaszuk, Seminar Department P8 IPJ, IVarsaw, 29 April 2003

Production and stability of the heaviest elementsR.Smolaficzuk, XI Sendnar in 1*qd_-j�_-,drqje, University QfS7czecin, ay 2003

Quantum particle in curved spacetimeW.Piechocki, Setninar qfthe Theoretical Ph.ysics Institute, Warsaw, May 2003

Barriers for heavy ion-fusion calculated within the neon field method.I.Skalski, Nuclear Physicsseminar, Physics Departinent U�V, Warsaw, 26 Nov. 2003

Estimating the inelasticity with the information teory approachG.Wilk, 16.05.2003, selninar w LTP ZIBJ Dtbna

Contour gauges, canonical formalism and flux algebras in y-m theoriesL.Lukaszuk, Laboraloire e Physique Theorique, Orsaj,, France 411.2003

Sum rules for parity violating compton amplitudesL.Lukaszuk. Centre de Physique Theorique, Ecole P�ytechniqite, Palaisealt Fance 611.2003

Parity violating analogue of -dh sum rleL.Lukaszuk, ab. De Ph�ys. Nuct. Et de Haittes Energies, Univ. Paris VI-VII, Paris, Fance, 12.11.2003

Quantization of particle dynamics in de sitter spaceW.Piechocki, Paris niversit-y V11. France. October 2003


Possible si-nal for occurence of the "softest point" of te equation of stateG.$Alilk, seminar, histituto de Fisica, Universidade (le Slo Paulo, 131-afil, 24.11.2003

a) in Polishb) in En-fish

CHAIRING OF CONFERENCE SESSION

R.SmolaficzukChairman of session 1: "Nuclear Structure Teory and Experiment" 2"" hitern. Coqf6-ence on te ChemistrY and Physics qftheTransactinade Elements" Npa, USA, 7 Nov. 2003,

DIDACTIC ACTIVITY

CAN ONE PENETRATE A WALL?J.Roiynck, M.PawlwwskiLeciiwe and demonstration at Festival qfScience, lVarsavv, September 2003

NOBEL STORIESE.InfeldTalk at Festival (#'Science, Sel)tember 2003

5 RADIO TALKS ON THE NOBEL PRIZEE.Infeld

PERSONNEL

Research scientists

Janusz Dqbrowski, Professor 2/5 Andrzej Senatorski, Dr., 1/2Plotr Goldstein, Dr. Andrzej' Skorupski, Dr. 1/2Eryk Infeld, Professor Janusz Skalski, Assoc. Pof.Krzysztof Kurek, Dr. Robert Smolaftczuk, Dr.Leszek Lukaszuk, Professor Adam Sobiczewski, Professorlaor Muntian, Dr. Lech Szymanowski, Assoc. Prof.Zygmunt Patyk, Dr. Utyuzh Oleg V., Dr.Marek Pawlowski, Dr. Grzegorz Wilk, Assoc. Prof.Wlodzimierz Piechocki, Dr. Slawomir Wycech, ProfessorJacek Ro2ynek, Dr.

PhD students Technical and administrative staffJaroslaw Kulpa, M.Sc. Janina Sidor01eksandr Parkhomenko, M.Sc.

DEPARTMENT OF MATERIAL STUDIES 143

9 DEPARTMENT OF MATERIAL STUDIES

Head of Department: Assoc. Prof. Zbigniew Wernerphone: (22) 718-05-45 PLO401759e-mail: wernerz�1pj.gov.p1

Overview

The technology of surface modifying of practical-use materials by means of continuous and pulsed energyand particle beams has been intensely studied for more than 20 years. In some fields it is presently utilized on aide scale in industry. Continuous or p I 1 I -1ulsed 'on and plasma beams play a significant role arnono, variousapproaches used in this area. The research carried by Department P-IX is centered around the use of its two ionimplantation machines (ion implanters) ot'different kind and several world-wide unique sources of high-intensityplasma pulses, utilized ointly with Department P-V. The Department cooperates with ForschungszentrumRossendorf (FZR, Dresden, Germany) in the field of ion-beam-based analytical techniques and the use of uniqueion implantation facilities. The main ob Jectives of the Department are:• a search for new ways of modifying surface properties of solid materials by means of continuous or pulsed

ion and plasma beams and• implementation of ion implantation technique in national industries as a method of mproving the fetime

of machine parts and tools utilized in industry.In 2003 these objectives were accomplished in many ways, particularly by esearch on:

phase transitions in steels irradiated with intense N and Ar plasma beams,synthesis of superconducting MgB, using Ion implantation and plasma pulses techniques,kinetics of the hgh-tcrnperature corrosion processes in implanted and unimplanted TiN layers,high-current implantation of nitrocen as a method of producing AIN layers,computer simulations of dfferential thermocouples in plasma pulse measurements in MW power rang,brazing of copper with AIN ceramics, surface-modified by ion implantation.

The research was conducted in cooperation with Department P-V of IPJ, Institute of Nuclear Cemistry adTechnology (Warsaw), Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Technology of Materials for Electronics(Warsaw), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf FZR (Dresden, Germany), as well as with some industrial companies.


9.1 Phase Transitions in Steels Irradiated with Intense N and Ar Plasma Beams0by B.Sartowska'�, J.Piekoszewski, L.Wali§", Z.Werner, J.Stanislawski

0The yN and yc phases in steel ae interstitial solid Most of the results have not yet been analyzed, a

9 solutions of nitrocen/carbon in austenite (the fcc few analyzed are reported in Table 1. Concentration of'13- structure), in which lattice constants are laFcei- than Cr (column 3 strongly influences concentration of the

Z� 11those typical for a normal austenite (expandetl y+-yc austenite phases (column 5) although Cr does otaltstenite or supei-satiti-ated altstem .te). Great interest belong to the roup of eements which stabilize

to those phases especially to the yN one) esults y-phase, at least accordin to the present knowledge.pai 01from te fact that they mprove tribological poperties On the other hand, as shown in column 6,of stainless steels without impairing their corrosion concentration of the yyN phases practically does notproperties. For a long time both these poperties have depend on the Cr concentration. Pesently we a notbeen considered as contradictory ones. yet able to explain those observations.

Several authors suo-est tat rspective o theused process, the yN phase in steel may not be Table I

produced unless both Cr and Ni are present. Usinc, Gamma please concentrationConcentration pro uced bypulsed plasma beams to enerate rapid thermal

wt% Melting meltino +transients we have shown that ts Is not entirely 1-1only (Ar) nitridina

correct. B such treatment the yN phase may bey C Cr Ni % ] -y+,yc) (Y+YN)produced even in pure iron. (±5% en-or bnd)

To verify supposition that the N phase poduced 1 2 3 4 5 6

that way may improve tribological poperties of also 20 038 014 009 9.3 48.5 ... 53.5Z� 45 0.52 02 0.19 15.5 1 54.5 ... 64.5

carbon steels, the following measurements ave beei.2H13 0.25 13.5 32 25.3 62 ... 72

performed on samples of tool and constructional steels 4H13 0.34 12.8 014 49.0 54containing ... 0.9wt% of C:

• NRA and SIMS (to determine nitrogen surfaceconcentration and depth profile) Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology,

• GXRD (to measure lattice constant) Warsaw, Poland• M6ssbauer effect (to determine phase

composition).

9.2 Synthesis of Superconducting MgB, Using Ion Implantation and Plasma PulsesTechniquesby J.Piekoszewski, W.Kernpifiskil), J.Stankowskil), F.Prokert2) , E.Richter 2), J.Stanislawski, ZWerner

(O Discovery of superconductivity in MB, Inter- ranged from 25 to 35K. For the first time we popose0 metallic compound was eported in January 2001 by to poduce such layers from materials in liquid phase.'IT Japanese authors Nacrarnutsu et al. Relatively hh Two technologies have been selected:0_j cri of T=39K makes feasible to implantation of ions Into metallic M-

maintain the state f superconductivity without substrates followed by melting te implantedresorting to expensive cryogenic liquids (He or H,),al sample surface layers with H or Ar plasma pulsescompressor coolers being sufficient. These acts.

0 producina thin la ers on selected substratesabundance of both elements necessary to synthesize 11 y(eg. T oi- SI), implantation of Mc, ions, andthe compound and elatively simple technology l:, 1:1

C� melting of the implanted sample surface layersnecessary to poduce superconducting structures haveattracted many researchers expecting a technical with H or Ar plasma pulses.revolution. The published works may be boadly The first of the above technoloales has been testedcategorized as papers dealing with: in 2003 on Mc, samples implanted with 5xl0"C, 2 11

• bulk materials (most of the authors) B ions/cm and irradiated with 14 H, Iplasma pulses• thin films. depositing energy with density 25 J/cm-.

In some samples (particularly in those melted atOur research interests have been concentrated on lower energy densities), the GXRD measurements

thin films (thickness 12 Vm). Z'revealed that the McB,(101) eflexes were shif'ted

In many published technologies the M0,13, towards hher 20 angles in relation to the eexessuperconducting layers have been produced from solid observed from samples implanted but not melted.phase materials. The obtained critical temperatures Similar shifts have been observed by other authors


analyzing samples implanted and conventionally has been vified in sorne of te measured samples.annealed in order to poduce te superconducting The highest critical temperature found was T,=3 I K.phase. The shift may be attributed either to a stress However, the obtained esult may not be regardedcaused by the atoms ntroduced into te Mc, lattice, as a full success since no macroscopic percolation asor to a lack of stochlornetry in the melted MgB2 been observed. Research aed at obtaining laraer

11 Z�compound. This way or another it sucyaests the

11 concentrations of superconducting regions is plannedsuperconducting phase to be pesent. to be continued in 2004.

Magnetically modulated microwave absorptionMMMA has been measured in 10 most promising 1)

1-1 Institute of Molecular Pysics of PAS, Poznafi,samples in two versions: MMMA=f(B) and PolandMMMA=f(T) Pesence of the superconducting phase 2) Forschunaszentrurn Rossendorf Desden,

Germany

9.3 Kinetics of the High-temperature Corrosion Processes in Implanted andUnimplanted TiN Layersby Z.Werner, W.Szyinczyk and J.Piekoszewski (O

0Study of effects of ion implantation on the implanted samples, whereas in te unimplantcd

213resistance of protective ceramic coatings to hgh- samples it followed the t law. Te square ot 0temperature corrosion was continued. Such coatings dependence is expected since it can be explained byare formed eg. on ather expensive moulds used for diffusion of reagents (Ti atoms towards the surfacehigh-pressure light-alloy casting. TN-covered H13 and/or atoms towards the TIN-TIO, boundary).steels (PN WCLV) were implanted wth 2... oxioll _/3S, I/S 21 i S/CM2 The faster t' kinetics observed in unimplanted

I 1 Ion of mean energy 100 keV (TITANC� samples mght be explained by te oxide layerimplanter-). Kinetics of te oxidation processes was structure revealed in microscopic observations:analyzed by means of thermogravimetry JG). Mass titanium oxide does not form homogenous, compactuains vs. time of isothermal annealing in ar at 6300C structures but rather some porous structures full of'are compared in oo-log scales in Fig I foi- implanted voids and cracks. The thickness of the oxide layerand unimplanted samples. effective from the diffusion point of view is lower

-0.5 than the thickness corresponding to the observed ass-Non-implanted gain. In other words, the oxide mass ncreases faster213

t than the effective oxide thickness.-75 kV Si 2E16

-75 kV Si 5E16 On the other hand, the t kinetics observed i te7 5 kV Si 1E17 implanted samples olives rise to a conclusion tat

-1.0 oxides formed on the Si-implanted TIN layers ustgrow in homogenous, compact structures Tere ae

tV2 some literature data confirming this very Important0 clus,con ion.

The nature of beneficial effects of impl, 1011 OilL resistance of TiN to the hgh-temperature corrosio is

Wquite different than that observed in te case of'corrosion in solutions. In the latter case the corrosionproducts are constantly dissolved in the solution and

-2.0 protection works until the implanted layer is not fully

2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 a Iconsumed (usually it does not take a Ion, tme) OnTime (logarithmic scale) the other hand, the mplantation-improved compact

Fig. Mass ain vs. time ofisothernial annealing of TiN in air at oxide layer is not being consumed during the pocess630"C. 11::1of the hic,gh-temperature corrosion and constantly

ides protection against subs 'datiRate of oxidation has diminished in implanted prov I 1-1 equent oxi 1011.

samples, which means that implantation of silicon Therefore the corrosion may be slower even for assins corresp 'dation of te entireimproves corrosion resistance like previously P

protective TIN layer although the mplantationperformed implantation of boron and silicon. Even Z,treatment modifies not more than 1/10 of the layermore nteresting is the oserved chanae in thethickness.oxidation process kinetics: mass gain (i.e. oxide

thickness) vs. time t dependence follows t/2 law in the


9.4 High-current Implantation of Nitrogen as a Method of Producing AIN Layersby J.Jagielski, A.Piqtkowska P.Aubert2l, C.Le-rand-Buseema 2), C.Le Paven 2) , G.Gawlik'),

CO I(D J.Pickoszewski, Z.Werner

0 Research on ntriding of aluminum by means of Carbon (in the form of methane) was anotherhigh-current implantation of nitro(Ten was in 2003 element added to the beam. We expected it rillght elp

CL oncentrated on reduction of oxidation of te top layer to reduce the size of pecipitates formed oil theduring the implantation treatment, and on reduction of' implanted aluminum surface. However, the performedthe size of the AIN precipitates on the material observations of the top layer topography aftersurface. Both problems were treated accordina to an treatment including methane did not show anyoriginal concept of supplementing the beam o'N ions significant reduction as compared to te N-Ar alonewith some other elements added to perform additional treatment.

functions. Purposeful modification of composition of non

Araon was added to the beam in order to educe mass-separated ion beams may be used to attainoxidation of aluminum. Heavy Ar ions penetrate the various technological goals within a singletaraet much shallower and sputter the material much technological step. To our knowledge this concept hasmore efficiently than ntrogen 3 ... 4 times). Since been applied for the first time.oxide layers on Al surfaces are usually thin enough tobe effectively sputtered out (usually a fewmanometers), in effect arclon was expected to educe1-1 1) Institute of Electronic Materials Technology,the surface oxidation. This expectation has been fully Z�Warsaw, Polandconfirmed by measurements of phase composition of 2) Laboratoire D'Etudes de Millieux Nanom6trique,the implanted layers- no aluminum oxide was found. Universltd Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry Fance

9.5 Differential Thermocouples in MW Plasma Pulse Measurements - ComputerSimulationsby W.Szymezyk, Z.Werner, J.Plekoszewski

r1o Methods of determining time evolution of hiah Gauss 025 J/cm' 1000I,- C,

power radiation pulses fail in case of high-intensity 0)K0 lasma pulses produced in modern discharge 100 ns FWHM 750 -- pth 0. 1 1-V- p 11 M01-Pt

0 aenerators. Bolometers are not robust enouch to Kwithstand such hgh power levels and not ast enough 500 pth 0.5 1-

(Pt-M.2o detect mcrosecond and sub-microsecond chanues - -- ------n the power level. Methods based on detection of 100 nm Mo 25

100electric current flow are inappropriate, since the T b .W-b.th id.!; fplasma beams are partially electrically compensated. 400 nm Pt 75 th. Pt laye,

The objective of this report is to present somenumerical data resulting from computer simulation of 100 nm Mo 50

incid-t25operation of differential thermocouples radiated by A1203 substrate E er-gyZ

sub-microsecond and megawatt power plasma pulses. P.1s.The simulations were performed using the ETLIT 0.0 0 1 0.2 3

CtU(Energy Transfer in Laser Irradiated Targets) one- Till 1-1Fig. 1 Sketch of the thermocouple stru re used in the simu-

dimensional computer code based on the Finite rations and the simulated response to a Gaussian energy pulse.

Element Method. A sketch of a Mo-Pt-Mo sample (a)Temperatures at both srfaces of the inner Pt layer (b)

thermocouple used in the simulations, temperatures, Temperature difference superimposed on te incident energy sape

and the difference of temperatures at both surfaces of (arbitrary nits)

the inner Pt layer upon incidence of an energy pulse isThe thickness of the inner layer is dictated by two

shown in Fg. 1.conflicting equirements. The layer should be tn

These results clearly demonstrate that for that kind enough not to distort the masured pulse shape. On thehand, it should be thick enouah to make the

of pulses the differential snal eproduces the shape othei I ZI

of the stimulating pulse much more closely than any detected temperature difference across the layer

of the temperature snals themselves, and that the sufficiently large to be conveniently ecorded. The

idea of using it as an indicator ol. ' the power transients front and the back Mo layers should be possibly thin,

may be useful. but thick enouah to be considered as bulk materials


from the viewpoint of the properties of thin-film incident power level, the dstortion of the esponse isthermocouples. higher than 10% for every practical Fe layer thickness.

180% 1 000 On the other hand, the amplitude o esponse to Sch7(a) 2 (b) high power levels is always higher than te aceptable

- 800160% -2 level of 100K. Foi- the lower incident power level,

600 distortion will not exceed the 10% level if te Fe layer140%

4 00 is thinner than about 35 prn, bt t -et response120% ........ amplitude higher than 100K, the layer should be

200thicker than about 2 �trn.

Z100% The differential detector of a Tven tckness

0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4Inner Fe layer thickness [imj operates only in a particular time scale. Longer UlSeS

Inner Fe layer thickness urn] C,

Fig. 2 (a) Signal width normalized to the icident plse width. cannot be properly detected because the temperature(b) S'(,nal amplitude AT. Solid lnes- ata calculated or pulse wdth difference will obviously vanish for longer times.I [is (power density evel 06 NlW/cni-). Dashed lines: data Therefore, te differential detector should operate incalculated for pulse width I 0 ns 6 MW/cII12). combination with a normal thermocouple that Culd

detect such pulses. In further investigations we intendThe differential esponse of a Mo-Fe-Mo structure

vs. the inner (Fe) layer thickness to Gaussian pulses to manufacture and examine such structures.

deposited at two different power density levels isshown in Flg. 2 It can be seen tat 1. '0r the hicher

PLO4017659.6 Brazing of Copper with Surface-modified AIN Ceramics

by J.Piekoszewski, W.Olesi6skal), J.Jaolelski, D.Kalihskil), M.Chmielewskil), ZWerner, M.Barlak,W.Szymczyk

Joints of copper with AIN ceramics ae used in a metallization, solder etc.). Modified substrates wereelectronic ndustry .c,. in inanufacturin,, f hi(,h characterized by means of SEM surface topography),power laser diodes housing. Te Joints ae produced XRD (phase identification), RBS mplanted elementby means of the dect bonding technique, in which a depth profiles) and SIMNRA (analysis of.' te RBSCu-CuO utectic or near-eutectic alloy is sandwiched spectra).

between the copper part and te ceramic one (the alloy AIN-Cu brazing was conducted in a tunnel frnacemelting temperature 1065'C is lower than te copper at 1080'C in nitrooen atmosphere. Mechanicalmelting temperature). Ion implantation technique may strenuth of the obtained 'oints was evaluated in hear-be used to modify the to-be-brazed surface of the stress tests. Microstructure of the broken Joints wasceramics in order to improve the joint parameters. observed in a SEM microscope, phase composition

AIN ceramics surfaces were teated with titanium was analyzed in XRD measurements.

and iron Ions produced in a MEVVA-type implanter, Preliminary results indicate that implantatio o'and with oxygen ions using a gascous source -fects. Tethe ceramic surface may give beneficiary efimplanter. The applied doses were in te rancle -ttreatment micht become an energy saving and so -

7 2 I I(1-10)xlO ions/cm and accelerating voltaoes - 15 I -malduration alternative to the technique of'and 70 kV. Over 50 samples were implanted and oxidation, routinely used in the technology of brazingtested (a few for several combinations of-' parameters: copper with AIN ceramics.element1work'na Yas/dose/accelerating voltage). The

aim of the treatment was to produce active Institute of Electronic Materials Technology,nanometric-size centers of the implanted element,which could help to braze AIN with copper without a Warsaw, Polandneed to produce continuous boundary phases (layer of



RESISTANCE TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION IN BSi IMPLANTED TIN COATINGS ON STEELZ.Werner, J.Piekoszewski, R. Gr6tzschel, E.Richter, NV.Szymcz3,kVacintin 70(2003)93

HIGH-TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR OF FISSION-PRODUCT ANALOGS IMPLANTED INTO NUCLEAR CERAMICSA.Gentils, L.Thomd-Ijagielski, S.E.FsesCLI, F.Garrido, M.BcauvyVacuum 70(2003)123

EFFECTS OF HIGH DOSE NITROGEN IMPLANTATION INTO ALUMINIUMjjagiclski, A.Piqtkowska, P.AUbert, C.Legrand-Buscerna, C.Le Paven, G.Gawhk, J.Piekoszewski and Z.WernerVacuum 70(2003)147

ION BEAM MODIFICATION OF SURFACE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERSA.Turos, J.Jagielski, A.Plqtkowska, D.Biehfiski. L.Sklsarski, N.K.MadiVacuum 70(2003)201

NEW TYPES OF MULTICOMPONENT HARD COATINGS DEPOSITED BY ARC PVD ON STEEL PRE-TREATED BYPULSED PLASMA BEAMSZ.Wcrncr, J.Stanislaivski, J.Piekoszewski, E.A. Levadhov, W.SzymczykVacuum 70(2003)263

PHASE CHANGES IN STEELS IRRADIATED WITH INTENSE PULSED PLASMA BEAMSB.Sartowska, J.Piekoszewski, L.Wah�, M.Kopcewicz, AAlerner, J.Stanislawski, J.Kalinowska, F.ProkertVacuum 70(2003)285

BRAZING OF ALUMINA CERAMICS MODIFIED BY PULSED PLASMA BEAMS COMBINED WITH ARC PVDTREATMENTJ.Piekoszewski, A.Krajewski, F.Prokert, J.Senkara-I.Stanislawski, L.Walig, Z.Werner, W.WfosifisklVacition 70(2003)307

EXAFS STUDY OF ION BEAM MIXED Fe/Al MULTILAYERSI.Ar�on, M.Mozeti�. A.Kodre, J.Jagielski and A.ZalarNucl. histr. andMeth. B199(2003)222

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN/STEEL ION-BEAM MIXED LAYERSA.Piqtkowska, J.Jagielski, M.Kopeewicz, W.Matz, A.Zalar and M.Mozeti�Nucl. Instr. and Meth B206(2003)1052

FRICTION PROPERTIES OF ION PLANTED A,03 CERAMICSJ.Jagielski, A.Piqtkowska, Z.Librant, P.AUbert. C.Legrand-BLIscema, S.CoindeauNucl. Instr, and Meth. B206(2003)1097

DEGRADATION OF THE GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE IN Fe/Cr MULTILAYERS DUE TO Ar-ION BEAM MIXINGM.Kopcewicz, F.Stobiecki, J.Jagielski, B.Szyniafiski, M.Schmidt, JKalfinowska4177e�line haractions 1441145(2002)255 (numer dolowany 2002 ukaml siq dopiero it, roku 2003)

RADIATION DAMAGE IN ION-fRRADIATED YTTRIA-STABILIZED CUBIC ZIRCONIA SINGLE CRYSTALSL.Thorn6, J.Fradin, J.Jagiciski, A.Gentils, S.E.Enescu, F.GarfidoEur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 24(2003)37

INFLUENCE OF THE AR-ION IRRADIATION ON THE GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE IN Fe/Cr MULTILAYERSM.Kopcewicz, F.Stobiecki, J.Jagielski, B.Szymanski, M.Schmidt, J.DUbowik and J.KalinowskaJourn. of'Appl. Phys. 93 9) 2003)5514

STABILITY OF THE PASSIVE STATE OF A-Ta AND Al-Nb AMORPHOUS ALLOYSM.Janik-Czaclior, A.Jagkiewicz, M.Janik-Czaclior, II.Kqdzierzawski, Z.WernerMater. Sci.Eng, A358(2003)171

STUDY OF MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ION-BEAM MIXED TUNGSTEN-ON-STEEL LAYERSA.Plqtkowska., J.Jagielski, G.Gawlik, W.Matz, E.Richter, M.Mozetic and A.ZalarWear 254(2003)1037

ENHANCED CORROSION RESISTANCE OF TITANIUM FOIL FROM NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM AND PALLADIUMSURFACE ALLOYING BY HIGH INTENSITY PULSED PLASMASF.A.Boriffla, T.S.Ong, P.Skeldon, G.E.Thompson, J.Piekoszewski, A.G.Chmielewski, B.Sartowska, J.StanislawskiCorrosion Sci.45(2003)403

STUDIES OF INTERACTION OF PLASMA PULSE WITH SOLID SUBSTRATE AS OBSERVED BY OPTICALSPECTROSCOPYJ.Stanislawski, J.Baranowski, J.Piekoszewski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, Z.WernerPlasnia Ph),s. Control. Fusion 45(2003)1121

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF DIFFERENTIAL THERMOCOUPLE RESPONSE TO MW PLASMA PULSESW.Szymczyk, Z.Werner,.I.PiekoszewskiRev. Sci. Instr. in press)

ION IMPLANTED NANOLAYERS IN AIN FOR DIRECT BONDING WITH COPPERJ.Piekoszewski, W.Olesifiska, Jjagielski, D.Kallfiski, M.Chrnielewski, Z.Werner, M.Barlak, W.SzymczykSolid State Phenomena in press)



Invited talks

ION IMPLANTED NANOLAYERS IN ALLOYS AND CERAMIC COATINGS FOR IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO HIGHTEMPERATURE CORROSIONZ.Werner, A1.Szyrnczyk, J.Piekosze-wskiNanostructured Thin Films nd Ncuiodispersion Streiigthened Coatings NATO Workshop, Moscow, Russia, -10 Dec. 2003

CHANNELING STUDY OF THE DAMAGE INDUCED IN ION-IRRADIATED CERAMIC OXIDESL.Thom6, A.Gentils, F.GarridojJagielskiMRS all Meethw. Bostmi. USA, November 2003

Oral pesentations

CRYSTALS IRRADIATED WITH HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY IONS.I.Jagielski, A.Gentils, L.Thom6, L.Nowicki, F.Garrido, S.Klaumonzerlon Bewn Analiwis Cn rence Abuquerque, USA, June 2003

OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE DYNAMICS OF PLASMA PULSES GENERATED IN THE ROD PLASMA INJECTORJ.Piekoszewski, J.Stanislawski, J.Baranowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, Z.Werner, M.Barlakhztei-national Cn rence o Plasma Research and Applications PLASMA 2003, Warsaw, Poland, Sept. 2003

Posters

MMMA EVIDENCE OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN MgB, THIN FLMSJ.Piekoszeivski, W.Kenipiilski, J.Stankowski- E.Richter, J.Stanislawski, Z.Wcrner2(yh Intern. Seminar on Radio- and Microvetwe Spectroscopy o Inhomogeneous Systems RAMIS03, Poznah, Poland April 2003

MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOMETER-THICK LAYERS OF MPLANTED ALUMINAJ.Jagielski, A. Piqtkowska, Z. Librant. P.AUbert. C.Legrand-Buscerna, J.Piekoszewski , Z.WernerMRS all Meeting, Warsait% Poland. September 2003

ION IMPLANTED NANOLAYERS IN AIN FOR DIRECT BONDING WITH COPPER.T.Piekoszewski, W.Olesifiska. J..Tagielski, D.Kalii�ski, M.Climielewski, Z.Werner, M.Barlak, W.SzymczykMRS Pall Meeting, VVarsaw. Poland, September 2003

BREAKDOWN OF PASSIVITY IN AL-TA AND AL-NB AMORPHOUS ALLOYSA.Ja§kiewicz, M.Janlk-Czachor, P.Kqdzjerzavski, Z.WernerMRS Fall Meeting, IVarsaw, Poland, Seplember 2003

DAMAGE PRODUCTION IN CUBIC ZIRCONIA IRRADIATED WITH SWIFT HEAVY IONSA.Gentils, L.Thorn6. Jjagielski, L.Nowicki, S.Klaumonzer, F.Garrido, M.BeauvyRadiation Ef -s Con16-ence, Porto Allegre, Brasil, Septend5ei 2003

PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN THE NEAR SURFACE LAYER OF CARBON STEELS MODIFIED WITH SHORT INTENSENITROGEN AND ARGON PLASMA PULSESJ.BSartowska, J.Piekoszewski, L.Wali§, N/I.Kopcewicz, ZAAlerner, J.Stanislawski, W.Szymczyk, F.Prokert9" hitei-national Seminar oInternational Federationjbr Heat Treatment and Su�face Engineering, Wu-saw, Poland, 2003

DIDACTIC ACTIVITY

Z.Werner - promotor of te PhD thesis pepared by R.Naro.iczyk at the Radom Technical University

Klagielski -promotor of the PhD thesis prepared by T.Suszko at te Institute of Electronic Materials Technology in Wrsaw


M.Barlak - "Pomiai-y, Automatyka, Kontrola" technical magazine, Scientific Editor


PERSONNEL

Research scientistsJerzy Pekoszewski, ProfessorZbigniew Werner, Assoc. Prof.Jacek Jauielski, Assoc. Pi-of., 1/2Marck Barlak, Dr. 4/5Wladyslaw Szyrnczyk, Dr.

Technical and administrative staffAndrzej'Grajda Jerzy Kr6fik 315Malaorzata Kolodziejczyk Jerzy Zag6rski

DEPARTMENT OF ACCELERATOR PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 151

10 DEPARTMENT OF ACCELERATOR PHYSICS ANDTECHNOLOGY

Head of Department: Dr. Eugeniusz Plawski PLO401766phone: (22) 718-05-40e-mail: p1awski�ipj.oov.p1

Overview

Due to the drastic reduction n pevious years) of scientific and technical staff of the Department, our basicI I I

work in 2003 was limited to the following subjects:- the development of radiographic 4 MeV electron accelerator,

- computational verification of basic parameters of a simplified version of 6/15 MeV" medical accelerator-,

- continuation o the study of photon and electron spectra of narrow photon beams with the use of teBEAMnrc Monte Carlo codes,

- a study of accelerating and detecting travelling wave RF structures based on experience already gained.The small 46 MeV electron linac was constructed in the Department as a tool for radiographic svices

which may be offered by our Institute. In 2003, the most important sub-units of the accelerator were constructedand completed. Acelerated electron beam intensity up to 80 mA was already obtained and for the followithyyear the energy spectrum measurement, energy and intensity optimisation for e-/X-ray conversion and also fstexposures are planned.

Because in the realisation of the 6/15MeV Accelerator Pr 'ect, the Department was responsible forcalculations of beam guiding and acceleration accelerating section with triode electron gun, beam focusin'),achromatic deviation), last year some vcrifyino, computations were done. This concerned mainly the nfluenc ofthe variation of aun injection energy and RF frequency shifts on beam dynamics. The computational codeswritten in the Department are still used and continuously developed for this and similar purposes. The triode gun,originally thought as a part of 615 MeV medical accelerator, is on long term testing, showing very good

11 C,performance a new pulse modulator for that sub-unit was designed.

The Monte Carlo calculations of narrow photon beams are continued. Intensity modulated radiation terapy(IMRT) is expected to play a dominant ole in the years to come. Our principal researcher hr after receivingPhD dearee collaborates on IMRT poblems with DKFZ Heidelberg, where she participates in the developmentso called scanning collimators.

As a result of a collaboration with LNF INFN Frascati, apart from two travelling wave RF structures nowoperated in the CTF3 experiment at CERN, one additional TW structure was made in our Department. It servesas an experimental unit for further study of TW technology.

The collaboration with the DESY TESLA-FEL Project during the past years concerned mainly t RFaccelerating super-conducting, superstructures. This work ended with ood results; it was eported in a commoninternational oral session held during PAC2003 in Portland, USA. The superstructures have a chance to be ass-produced if the TESLA Superconducting Collider gets nternational financial approval. The work on RF vacuumwindows upgrading aainst the multipactor efects in hgh power couplers was continued at DESY till the end of2003. The oriainal new technolooles of tn TIN coatinc, of ceramic windows were applied using ewlyconstructed coating set-up. The summary of our 2003 results on coating will be presented in te TESLA Report2004-02.

A prerequisite of practising Accelerator Physics is understanding its importance in the wider context.Looking to professional literature on accelerators applications, one finds that in the developed world rLI(111ly

20000 accelerators exist excluding electron units below 02 MeV) and yearly this number increases by at least10%. More than half ae used for material modification and rouolhly 30 in radiotherapy. The most advancedtechnically and technologically are accelerators for subatomic physics and synchrotron radiation sources, wherethe total number of existing or under construction machines surpasses 200. New solutions, new technologies,cost reductions are still being nvestigated.

So, in spite of difficult financial conditions. there is eal motivation to keep accelerator pysics alive '11 Ot'

Institute.


10.1 Computational Optimisation of the Accelerating Structure of a Variable EnergyMedical Accelerator(OI,- by E.Plawski

0IT 20 -0 The accelerating section of a 6/15MeV electron 1 8 - ... VI- .. k VI I

finac is composed of 30 active cells of which 6 on the 16 B- I k..

input s -e of tapered length. Te taper leap was 4

optimised to ensure wide energy variation at a 10reasonable rf power requirement. For thetechnolocical reasons a hgh volta(ye diode Yun was Wadopted for this section. The series of calculations

2were performed to verify the influence of' RF ield 0value, the focusing solenoid field. gun energy and -300 -250 -200 -1 50 -1 00 -50

RF ph... t iput d.g]current on output beam energy and quality. The Fig. 3 Output beam characteristics at 20 MV/in and kGs illordered output energy limits wer 6 and 15 MeV at solenoid.intensities auaranteeing dose rates up to 3 Gy/min/m.

30Here the results are presented for the upper energy

lil.d- I g. = ..2

'la E inj-i.. -- d -k-limit as well as for energy 12.5 MeV readily avai blewith the use of standard maunetron RF supply.

20 "6/15M.V" t 24MV/- p..k (3.1MW f18 lnj..ti.. 4kV/0.2A;Rin=1.1-n,/-47-,.d 25

B..l 1kG. LU

6 A

E 4.E� E

20T 0 12.0

5;7 -300 -2 -200 -1 so -1 0 0 -1 08 RF phase at input [deg]

Fig. 4 Influence of gun energy variation.- 6 _b- limit

4 R out 1 .0-- 1 n.,gA2Ini-l-, -kVI..2 Ri-.1-I-4--

0

-300 -250 -200 -1 50 -1 0 0 -so 25

RF phase at input [deg]Fig I Non optin-lised 15 MV beam in 6/15 WV' AStructure. Solenoid field to ov.

20

The results presented do not include the RF powertransmitted to the beam itself. At enercies higher than12 MeV, the focusing solenoid field has to be i 1.5

substantially ncreased to -et satisfactory tansmission -300 -2 50 -200 -1 so -1 00RF phase at input [deg]

through the structure. Fig. Influence of RF field distribution in cells of the structure.

20 "6/15M.V" t 24MV/- p..k (3.1MW flnj..Ii.. 4kV/0.2A;Ri.=1.1--/-47-,-.d 30

1 8 B.. 14 kG. oulp., .... gy".1 5..- .1 .. MVI� - I G�,I., -.... ,.d li-I .. k.V1- A

6 RF -i.d -i.dA-B2�.975 GH,4 E

2

1 0 258

B6 b- ... U". li�il

4 R outN2

0 20 --3 00 -250 -200 -1 so -1 00 -50-300 -25 -200 _1�0 -1 00 -50 RF phase at input [deg]

RF phase at input [deg] Fig. 6 Influence of structure RF frequency drift.Fig. 2 Output energy and barn transverse size at 24 Whn ad

optimal solenoid field. [1] J.Bigolas, S.Kulifiski, M.Pachan, E.Plawski, PJ

The influence of the injection nergy change, RF Annual Report 2002

frequency drift and field distribution alone, the [21 J.Bigolas, S.Getka, A.Kucharczyk, S.Kulifiski,

structure were also calculated and a samples o esults W.Maciszewski, M.Pachan, E.Plawski, 2001 PAC

are shown in Figures 4 and 6 Conf., Chicaao, USA


10.2 Experimental Test-bench for Radiographic Electron Linac; Design andConstructionby J.131golas

PLO401768In the Department of' Accelerator Physics, the Water cooling system

Pr 'ect of' design and construction of' an electron0j System of accelerating structure tperatureaccelerator, wth output energy in te rang 56 MV controlwas reallsed.

After completion and testing of operational - High vacuum system operational pessure 10-

parameters and measurement of te lection output torr)beam, their optli-nisation will be executed. As a next - Control and potection systemstep, oeration o t accelerator xperimental stand An accelerator experimental stand picture below)with an output Xray bam will be effeCtLiated. was installed in a shielded oom with satisfactory

IN radiation potection and with aood access froperation with e- and X-ray beams.

The main accelerator parameters are (results fmeasure nents):

Accelerating structure

Resonance frequency F0 2998.560 MHz

Quality factor Q = 2 500

Couplina to waveauide 1.35

Mechanical lemah L 530 mn

Pulse modulator

Variable hgh-volta-c U'vil 0-5. kV

Output pulse voltage Ui,,,,) 0-42 kV

Pulse lenath �iffl,)� 4�ts.0 I I f.-e - 300 Hz

In the previous year the f oNvin', subunits and Repetition fi-equency 12.5systems wre constructed and put ill (Peration:

- Preliminary e- beam at acceleratilla StrUCtUre's

- Mcrowave power tansmission s stein with output:ymagnetron SM-60 (Lamina) of pulse power MWZ11 Pulse current intensity le 80 inA

- Pulse modulator with H,-h - Voltage power supply Beam diameter at output window D = 2 min

- Focallsation system for electron beam These data ae promisiria for further optlinisati(n.

10.3 Autonomous Pulse Modulator for Triode Gun Used in Electron Linacsby K.Kosifiski MM 0)

For the medical accelerator NNith resonant 0 dynamic variation of the beam current. Ts Is C)acceleratina structure usina a triode electron aun as useful in intensity modulation treatment mode. v-

Cl (Delectron beam source a pulse modulator destined for The desianed modulator enerates appropriate DCoutput beam parameters' control has been designed and pulse voltages necessary for proper operation of�and constructed in the Department. C,the triode aun. Modulation of bias voltage applied to f _��

This task was undertaken because application of a the control arid of triode enables bam intensitytriode electron aun in medical accelerator has several control in the accelerating structure.important advantages and permits: As the triode with its peripheral Circuits is located• independent control of gun energy and beam on high potential, an important feature of modulator

intensity construction is the proper separation of' gun Ccuit

from remaining ysterns.• independent control of operational pulse length ZIinfluencinu averaae output current A block dagram of autonomous pulse 1110CILIlatOr

is shown in Fig. I (below).possibility ofshifting the bearn Pulse position Nis.RF pulse field in accelerating structure11


LOW VOLTAGE SIDE HIGH VOLTAGE SIDEAUTOTRANSFORMER

G3VAC HEATER>

2MV.1C

230VAC -1, 23ov C 120 DCPOWER

LAMP TRANSFORMER IIISULATIII", TRAIISFPRMER IP SUPPLIES

DC POWER230VAC SUPPLIES

5V CO11TROLL,1110 REGIIIATIO14 SST E.

J, GRID 130V CATHODE

o CJT-OFFVOLT.

RSUPLLIES 8:5 -SW, 20kV

'I 5V

GRID>f3 E T

C O1r PO .. REG ULAT I ON SI ST E. LSE TRAIISFORIVER

TRIG GENERATOR L_ CLAMPING D(DEREFERENCE U�,,-280V

HIGH VOLTAGE VOLTAGEDUPLICATOR 28M�

z FIBER OPTIC ISOLOATIOIIVITCONVERTER

IDT NSDUCE tv

CONVERTER OLTAGEEG.

HIGHVOLTAGEREGULATOR

HV F EE DB Al- K

230VAC

HIGH VOLTAGE

Fig.1 Blockdia-i-amofpLilseiiiodtilatoi-.

Modulator systems ae divided into fur main Modulation of the control (Trid voltaae Isfunctional units: effectuated in the diode-transistor crcuit (shown in the

- operation initiation and control block block dagram), where proper steering of the tansistor,base chanues the collector voltaae, and in

- steerin and regulation block, comprising: C,9 1:1 consequence the level of diode conduction.• arid voltaue control circuit When the diode starts to conduct, a clampin of• gun cathode high voltage supply ccuit grid pulses takes place. It enables variation of the (rid

volta-e in a broad range and full control of beam• triggering circuits

- pulse forming unit for triggering circuits current intensity.In this way the fundamental parameter ot'

- control arld voltage and gun power supply block11 1:1 accelerator's operation may be varied.(this block I's located on high voltaue potential)

10.4 Anti-multipactor TiN Coating of RF Power Components at DESY - Continuation0 ICZ1) tt2 C3)rl- by J.Lorkiewi J.Evere ) and K.Jaenk

0 A development project was carried out at DESY and TTF3 couplers are compatible as they contain0 during 1999-2003 in response to multipactor problerns similar cold and warm coaxial design. TTF2 contains_j connected with the construction ofTesla Test Facility a flat coaxial window installed in the terminal

(TTF) couplers. Good results were obtained by using waveguide section whereas TTF3 uses a cylindricaltitanium vapour deposition in a eactive ammonia warm window in the half heiaht waveaulde to coaxatmosphere. More detailed descriptions of the coating transition. Both couplers work at a resonanceapparatus, coating procedure and surface layer frequency of 1.3GHz, at a peak power in pulse of 245properties are given in 2]. kW and repetition rate of typically 210 Hz. Apart1:1

Roughly 100 cylindrical cold 70 K) and warm from coating the RF components for Tesla TestFacility at DESY, some surface-treated ceramic(300 K) ceramic windows for mostly used TTF 3 RF

couplers have been TIN coated in 2003. In addition, windows were destined for other research centres (like15 planar wavegulde windows for TTF 2 - version DESY Rossendorf, FNAL or Lancaster University).couplers were surface teated in a similar ay. TTF2 TiN anti-multipactor coating of 10 cold windows was


performed for 10 low-power couplers designed for studying the impact of TIN coating o secondaryFermilab. We also performed TIN deposition on a electron emission initiation and multipactor effects.single stainles-steel disc or the Lancaster University, The RF components which were TIN coated in 2003Daresbury Laboratory (UK). The latter was used in at DESY a listed in the Table

Table IAilti-multipactor TiN coating of RF power components at DESY ill 2003.

Coupler type Power component Recipient of the couplers Layer Quantitythickness

TTF3 DESY(1.3GHz/245 kW) 300K cylindrical windows (Harnburc, Germany) 6-7 nm 42

TTF3 300K cylindrical windows BESY 6-7 nrn 3(1.3GHz/245 kW) (Rossendorf, Germany)

TTF3 70 K cylindrical windows DESY 6-7 rm 47(1.3GHz/245 kW) (Hamburg, Get-many)

TTF3 70 K cylindrical windows BESY 6-7 nrn 3(1.3GHz/245 kW) (Rosscridorf, Germany)

iow-power coupler 70 K cylindrical windows Fermi National Lab. 6-7 nm M(1.5 GHz/4OkW) (USA)

TTF2 Planar wave-ulde window DESY2- 13 nrn 15

(1.3GHz/245 kW) (300 K) (Harnburg, Germany)

Experimental setup for stainless-steel disc Lancaster University l0nm IRF transmission studies (15 crn darn.) (UK)

A complete scheme of a new TIN coating TiN Anti-multipactor Layers Reached byapparatus was completed for the future large-scale Titanium Vapour Deposition on Alumina Coupler

thand-muldpactor protective coating. Te device Windows", I I Workshop on RFenables a complete surface processing of' 20 TTF3 Superconductivity, SRF 2003, 8-12 Spt. 2003.windows per 24 hours. Luebeck/Travernuende, Germany

[11 J.Lorklewicz, A.BrInkmann, B.Dwerstea Since 1998 till 2003 at Deutsches ElektronenD.Kostin, W.D.Moeller. M.Layalan, Proc. 10"' Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D 22-607Workshop on RF Superconductivity, KEK Proc. Hamburg, Germany2003-2, June 2003, pp. 448-52 Now at DESY, HomeInstitute: Fermi National

[2] J.LorkIew1cz. A.Bilinski, T.Fadina, J.Kula, Lab. Germany3)

S.Pszona, J.Sobczak, Z.Yu, Characteristics of' DESY, Germany

10.5 A New Concept for a Scanning Photon Beam System for Intensity-modulatedRadiation Therapy; a Preliminary Monte Carlo Studyby A.Wysocka, G.H.Hartmann')

0Intensity-modulatcd adiation therapy (IMRT) is complex. Therefore, it appears useful to nvestiLrate IT0

already a well established technique in radiotherapy. alternative approaches to realise and to offer intensity _jThe technique has the capacity to further educe the modulated fields that are not based on an MLC.absorbed dose to orcans at risk and to deliver aC, It has been shown that it is technically easible toconformal dose to Irregularly shaped target volumes. design a scanninc, collimator wth a small aperture inIt is expected that this technique of adiotherapy will such a way that the collimator is moving across the 2Dplay a dominant role in the years to come. Currently, surface of a sphere wth the beam source in the centrcIMRT is almost exclusively realised using a multi-leaf of tis sphere [I]. At the same time, it has been sho,,\/ncollimator (MLC). Other methods are using11 that an electron beam such as produced by a linearcompensators which, however, are always accelerator can be safely forced into arbitraryiderably time consuming pocedures. MLCs directions within a cone using a D system of bendinc,consi 11originally have not been designed for IMRT. When magnets. In pnciple, tese two features can trying to improve MLC based IMRT large fields and combined to a radiation unit in suc a way, tha aat the same time a better spatial esolution), the bemsstrahlunc, target (the production f Xay isproblerns involved in the mchanical nature and in the -, 0control system of the MLC become ore and more directly located at the entrance side of te scanniffil

collimator. For this purpose, owever, it is a


prerequisite to exactly correlate the position of the from 0.2 cm up to 06 cm were performed.collimator and position of the electron bearn htting Calculations were done for 108 particles. Thethe taraet. Nevertheless, this concept appears calculation time for each collimator was 14 hours. Fortechnically feasible. every collimator e calculated enercyy fluence in the

ings, every I mm rom the beam axis, on te surfaceFor the technical rallsation of tis concept and todemonstrate its feasibility te challenge is ctainly in 40 c distance from the collimator exit. The

distance of 40cm is the medical requirement. Resultsquite huac and the sub-steps to nestigate Itsof the dose dstribution calculations ae pesented asfeasibility ae:photon beam profiles with the values of HW (full- to investigate the nluence of arious designw'dth at halt' maximum) and of PM penumbra) for

parameters on the final small photon beam usingevery beam profile. Calculations were performed for

Monte Carlo Simulation methods, 0 I cm diameter of electron beam with energy- to define adequate parameters for target-collirnator spectrum of electrons from 6174 MeV up to 7103

system as well as on scanning electron beam based MeV. Calculations referring to the taract influence onon the previous investigation, Z, Z,

the dose distribution in the photon beam are being- to investigate technical solutions to realise tills

parameters, performed. Energy fluence distribution is calculated- to construct a prototype accelerator-. on the surface after taract and lonisation chamber in

the distance 33 cm from the source of electrons, forThe first step is currently being worked out. A first 10 7 particles. Poblems concerning the choice

draft for a source- taraet-collimator system, based on optimal target are connected with the rnean energy ofthe existing in DKFZ accelerator PRIMUS 6MV, wasproposed and modelled with the BEAMnrc Monte the generated photon beam, with the dose in this bam

and with cooling system. All these points should beCarlo code. A photon beam which will be scanned 'dered.should have diameter less than 10 mm and penumbra conslas small as possible. Obtaining such a bearn can berealiscd with a collimator which has entrance aperture [II Intensity-modulated radiation therapy using aless than 06 cm, for the geometry of the source-target- variable-aperture collimator-, S.Webb,collimator system mentioned above. Based on this G.H.Hartmann, G.Echner, W.Schlegel, Phys.approach, the input parameters for te system are usedto study the basic influence of the single components Med. Bol. 48(2003)]of system on the beam characteristic, . o the Medizinische Physik. DKFZ, Heidelberg, Irnphoton fluence differential in energy and direction. Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 HeidelberuThe calculations of the dose absorbed in water for Germanydifferent collimators with entrance and exit apcrture

10.6 The Technical Realisation of RF Kickers for CLIC Test Facility CTF3by E.Plawski, S.Kulifiski, A.Kucharczyk

Two kickers for the CLIC Test Facility CTF3 were The components of the deflector arc fabricatedproduced in 2002 in Institute for Nuclear Studies in from certified OFHC copper delivered by Outukurnpu

0'IT �wierk and are successftilly operated at ull power in Enterprise (Outukumpu Poricopper, Pori, Finland).0 CTF3 experiment in CERN. In the fabrication of a The measured Cu content was 99.998% and oxygenEL third one, the production procedure was thoroughly content below 1.0 ppm.

examined in oder to establish repeatable technology.

The kicker [1] is a disk-loaded, travelling wave,backward type wavegulde working in the 2ir/3, EHIIhybrid -mode at frequency 2998.55 MHz. It Isequipped wth 2 I/O ports WR 284 of SLAC typeflange. Operational RF power in pulse is MW/4�ts,averaue less than 5kW.

The results of calculations, MAFIA and HFSSsimulations and part of measurements, were reportedat EPAC 2002 Conference and IPJ Annual Report2002[2]. Recent results of fabrication pocedure andresults on deflectors operating characteristics in CTF3Compression Rina have been eported on PAC200311 Fig. I The series of 4 cells after hydrogen furnace brazing withConference 3 4. 880')C LV30P filler alloy.


Cells in the form of cups a poduced with typical advance corresponding to sliding short 'ump from celltolerance of ± .01mm. Te cups are bazed together to cell.

to form a circular waveculde structure Fig. 1) of a The result of measurements for the dflector No.3deflectors During the manufacturing pocess, te is shown in Fig 3 where in the polar coordinate theprocedure of lubrication, chemical cleaning and phase shift per cell is illustrated.vacuum out-assing at elevated temperature was D,11-,,, No 3 1997.5NI 1, 0

SI. Sh,,,. 0--h 1. �,11,chosen such as to reach in ready made deflectors, the 330

vacuum better than 10-9 Torr. The chemical treatmentbefore brazinc, involved the know-how of RFstructures industry. The brazinc, was made in several 300 0

steps with three brazing alloys: at 8800C, at 7800C,and at 7000C. Intermediate measurements offrequencies single cells, dispersion curves before andafter brazing) were executed in order to have full 270

control of production. After the last brazing operation 4 4.2 44 �!6

the whole deflector was pumped and heated in avacuum chamber to the temperature 1800C and nextthe vacuum checked using a helium leak detector,after which the deflector has been closed under thehioh vacuum till te RF final measurements.

Last ccil 180

Fig. 3 The measured phase advance per cell i 3-rd deflectim,structure of CM.

The VSWR measured on input port was within 1 Iat the working frequency 2.9975GHz in all'.

[1] A.L.Eldredge et al., p. 293 in LiinearAccelerators" edited by P.Lapostolle andA. Septier

[2] D.Alesim et al.,"RF Beam Deflectors for CTF3Combiner Rine,", EPAC 2002 Proc.

[3] A.Ghigo et al., "CTF3 prototypes: Design, Tests

Fig. 2 3 GHz deflectin'T structure after fabrication. and Impedance Measurements", PAC 2003,11 Portland, USA

The final measurement was the examination of [41 E.Plawski et al., "The Technical Realisation ofdeflector RF characteristics. The HP 8753C/85047A RF Kickers for CTF3", PAC 2003, Portland, USA

vector network analyser was used to trace the phase



DOSIMETRY OF XRAY BEAMS IN STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERYJ.Rostkowska, M.Kania, W.Bulski, A.WysockaPolish Journal oMedical Physics Engineering S. 32003)143

X-RAY TUBE WITH NEEDLE-LIKE ANODEM.Slapa. W.Stra�, M.Traczyk, M.Snopek, W.DrabikNukleonika 47(3)101

DOSIMETRY STUDY of 6-MV PHOTON BEAMS i STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY with EGSnrc MONTE CARLOCODEA.WysockaNukleonika in review)


THE TECHNICAL REALISATION OF RF KICKERS FOR CLIC TEST FACILITY CTF3E.Plawski (poster)Particle Accelerator Con rence PAC 2003 Portland, Oregon, USA, May 12-16

MONTE CARLO DOSIMETRY FOR XRAY BEAMS IN STEREOTACTIC RADJOSURGERY WITH A LINEARACCELERATORA.Wysocka, (poster)6"' International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Sociel-v Congress, Kyoto, Japan, 22-26 June, 2003

CHARACTERISTICS OF TiN ANTI-MULTIPACTOR LAYERS RACHED BY TITANIUM VAPOR DEPOSITION ONALUMINA COUPLER WINDOWSJ.Lorkiewicz, A.Bilinski, T.Fadina, J.Kula, S.Pszona, J.Sobczak, Z.Yu, (oral)If" International Workshop on R-Sitperconctuctivit.v, SRF 2003 812 Sept., uebeck4D-civemunde

COMMUNICATIONS PUBLISHED IN CONFERENCES'MATERIALS

THE TECHNICAL REALISATION OF RF KICKERS FOR CLIC TEST FACILITY CTF3E.Plawski, S.Kulifiski, A.KucharczykProceedings Particle Accelerator Cliftrence PC 2003, Portland, 01-egon, USA, 2-16 Mcq, 2003

CTF3 PROTOTYPES: DESIGN, TESTS and IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTSA.Ghi 'o, .... E.Plawski, et al.Proceectings Particle Accelerator Conf�rence PAC 2003, Pontanct, Oregon, USA, May 12-16,2003

COLD AND BEAM TEST OF FIRST PROTOTYPES OF SUPERSTRUCTURE FOR THE TESLA LINEAR COLLIDERJ.Sekutowicz,..., E.Plawski, et al.Proceedings Particle Accelerator Conl�rence PAC 2003, Portland, i-egon, USA, May 2-16, 2003

MONTE CARLO DOSIMETRY FOR XRAY BEAMS IN STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY WITH A LINEARACCELERATORA.W3,sockaProceedings 6 International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Sociel.v Congress, K�yoto, Japan, June 22-26, 2003

CHARACTERISTICS OF TiN ANTI-MULTIPACTOR LAYERS REACHED BY TITANIUM VAPOR DEPOSITION ONALUMINA COUPLER WINDOWSJ.Lorkiewicz, A.Bilinski, T.Fadina, J.Kula, S.Pszona, J.Sobczak, Z.YLIProceedings I" Intermitional lVorkshol o RF-Sitperconductivii.v, SRF 2003 812 Sept., LuebecklTi-avemitende, Germon),

SUPERSTRUCTURES: FIRST COLD TEST AND FUTURE APPLICATIONSJ.Sektitowicz, ..., J.Lorkiewicz et al.Proceedings II" International Workshop on RF-Sitperconditctivi(y, SRF 2003 812 Sept., LuebecklTi-avemunde, Germany


COLLINIATION AND DOSIMETRY OF XRAY BEAMS FOR XRAY IN STEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPY WITH ALINEAR ACCELERATOR"A.WysockaTok.vo Metropolitan Universitly qfHetilth Sciences. Tok.jw. apan, 27June, 2003, (ecture)

RF, 3000 MHZ TRAVELLING WAVE DEFLECTING STRUCTURE MODELLING AND REALISATIONE.PlawskiINFN Frascati, Italy 7 March. 2003 seminar)


NEUROSURGERY WITHOUT THE KNIFE"'A.WysockaFestival of Polish Science, IVarsait% Poland. 20 Sept.. 2003

a) in Polishb) in English

INFORMATION ON EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY CONDUCTED BY DEPARTMENT'SCOLLABORATORS

A.Wysocka - Presentation of doctor's thesis "Formation and dosimetry of narrow X-ray photon beams generated in election linearaccelerators, for application in stereotactic radiotherapy" /scientific supervision - Prof. S.Kulifiski/


Participation in informative and educational activity for pupils' and students' groups - presentation of medical accelerators installedin Accelerator Physics Department

PERSONNEL

Research scientistsEu-eniusz Plawski, Dr.Anna Wysocka, MSc.

Technical and administrative staffJerzy Bgolas 4/5 Jerzy LorklewiczKrzysztof Bgolas Andrzej LubianJ6zef Bogowicz Jan NowakWojc1ech Drabik 3/5 Marek �IiwaKonrad Kosifiski Marcin Wojciechowski

DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING AND CONSULTING 161

11 DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING AND CONSULTING

Head of Department: Prof. Ludwik Dobrzyfiskiphone: (22) 718-06-12 PLO401773

'1: 1udw'k�ipj.gov.p1

Overview

The department of Training and Consulting is regularly serving secondary schools' pupils and tachers.university students and the public. The year 2003 set up a new record: the Department accepted about 7000visitors, about 2000 more than during 2002.

trul areat event was te opening of t prmanent exhibition dsplaying the model of nuclear power plantoriginally planned to be built in Zarnowlec near Gdafisk. The opening was combined wth a short syrnposiLI111 Oilthe "Nuclear Physics and Technology - Today and Tomorrow's Social Education in European Union". Teopening was visited by many pominent uests frorn Polish Atomic Agency, local overnments, universities andinstitutes. In addition, the Department participated in the organization of a symposium dedicated to the 100"'Anniversary of the fst Nobel Prize awarded to Marie Curie-Sklodowska. This was also an occasion for a sallexhibition based on photographs and exhibits borrowed from the Maria Curie-Sklodowska Museum in Warsaw,which was co-orcaniser of the symposium. The main organizer and proposer of the symposium was a social

Z, Z,orcanization, the Interschool Committee of Promotion of the Educational Undertakings "Europe 2000" wichpromotes educational initiatives or the youth from Otwock, a town near to Swierk. It was our pleasure tat ourDepartment was chosen as the place for the organization of this symposium in which the best pupils., localauthorities from Otwock, and sponsors of the activity of the aforementioned roup were pesent.

On the 15"' of ctober we elebrated the 5t" anniversary of our educational activity that started with tileopening of the exhibition on "Nuclear wastes: problems, solutions". The exhibition is still displayed and attractsattention. It is a eal pleasure to see fow much the nterest in our activity has rown through all those years Onthe other hand, the educational efforts of the Department turned out to be worth our labor: in the all-Polandconquest for an educational initiative in the field of radioactivity, organized by the University of Toruh, ail) ofthe main prizes were awarded to teachers who were visitors of our Department and who kept contact with LIS.

Since January 2003 the Department participates in an European program called NUPEX that alms at creatingan nternet platform of educational material from nuclear physics and its applications. The platform will beprepared in six languages and will be dedicated to pupils from secondary schools and science teachers.

It is also worth mentioning that the Department designed a poster on radioactivity. The poster was printed bythe Scholar and Peda-oalcal Publishina Company in Warsaw, distributed free of charge during the PolishPhysicists Meeting in Gdailsk, and added to an issue of the teacher's 'ournal "Physics at School". Tepossibilities of experimentation at our Laboratory of Atomic Physics were also substantially increased. Some ofour experiments were filmed by the Scholar and Pedagogical Publishing Company in Warsaw. The films willserve as educational material for teachers and pupils, and will be distributed on CD-ROMs.

The year 2003 was also productive for research: we published about 10 papers.


11.1 Electronic Structure and Magnetism of Fe3-,,Cr,,Si Alloysby M.Pugaczowa-Michalskal�, A.GO2�, L.Dobrzyfiski2,3), S.Lipihski') PLO401774

The study of the election tture and rna(metic [11 A.GoM.Pucaczowa-MichalskaL.Dobrzyi�ski,IC Cl

properties of te Fe3-,Cl-,Sl compound is motivated y S.Lipifiski, Local Magnetic Moments andthe M6ssbauei- and neutron spectroscopy Hyperfine Fields in Fe3-,CrAl, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b)measurements showing unusual behavior of'Cr in such 236(2003)540alloys. Te site Preferences of Cr in F3SI and heeffect of the local environment on te formation o' 1) Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academylocal maurietic moments ae examined using the self- of'Science, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznail,consistent spin-polarized TB-LMTO method. The Polandresults of calculations essentially confirm the values 2) Institute of Experimental Physics, University of'and orientations of magnetic moments of iron and Bialystok, Lipowa 41, 15-424 Bialystok, Polandchromium atoms [1]. However, they do not explain an 3) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400experimental observation of almost equal occupation Otwock-Swierk, Polandof A, and C sites by chromium.

11.2 Local Magnetic Moments and Hyperfine Fields in Fe3.,,Cr,,Alby A.Gol). M.Pu-aczowa-Michalska 2), L.Dobrzyi�ski 1,3), S.Lipifisk i2)

PLO401775

We present the esults o' self-consistent spin-polarised TB-LMTO band structure calculations o' 1) Institute of Experimental Pysics, University ofFe3AI substituted by chromium. An influence o' the Bialystok, Lipowa 41, 15-424 Bialystok, Polandlocal environment on the distribution of hyperfiric 2) Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academymaanetic fields is discussed. All the nearest neighbour of Science, Smoluchowskieao 17, 60-179 Poznai�,atomic configurations corresponding to the observed Polandsextets contributing to the M6ssbauer pectra are 3) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400analysed. Substitution of chromium atorn in the Otwock-�wierk, Polandnearest neighbourhood causes a stroncy fll o' thehyperfine field.

11.3 An Influence of the Local Environment on Local Magnetic Moments andHyperfine Fields in Fe3-,,Cr,,Siby A.Go'), M.Pu(yaczowa-Miclialska 2), L.Dobrzyfiski 1,3)

We present the results of ab-initio calculations ofFe3SI substituted by chromium. An influence o te Institute of Experimental Physics, University oflocal environment on the distribution f hyperfine Bialystok, Lipowa 41, 15-424 Bialystok, Poland;

2)macnetic fields and spin-denstity distributions are Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academydiscussed. Results of calculations confirmed that the of Science, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznafi,presence of chrormurn atom in the nearest Poland;neiahbourhood causes a strona decrease f te 3) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400hyperfine field exerted on iron as well as a decrease o Otwock-�wierk, Polandmagnetic moment of Fe in (AC)- and sites.

11.4 Site Preferences in FeAl and Fe3Si with Chromium Substituted for Iron UsingSelf-consistent Spin-polarized TB-LMTO and KKR-CPA Methodsby A.Gol), M.Pucyaczowa-Michalska 2), L.Dobrzyilski 13)

Ab-initio calculations of Fe3AI and Fe3SI alloys and KKR-CPA methods. The goal is to understandwith iron substituted for chromium are performed by better the local environment effects on the macneticmeans of the self-consistent spin-polarized TB-LMTO moments of iron and chromium as well as the site


preference mechanism. Because first calculations 1) Institute of Experimental Physics, University of'showed the preference of chromium to occupy the so- Bialystok, Lipowa 41, 15-424 Bialystok, Poland;called B-sites, which does not agree with the 2) Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academyexperimental data, the calculations of the dependence of Science, Smoluchowsklego 17, 60-179 Poznafi,of the preferential occupation mechanism on the Poland;volume are planned. 3) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400

Otwock-�wierk, Poland

11.5 Calculations of the Charge Density in GaN Using Self-consistent LMTO-ASAMethod (BandLab Package)by A.Gol), J.Wallszewskil), L.Dobrzyfiski 1,2)

The charge density distribution found by us for or whether they are rather artefacts which appear .g.GaN (by means of X-ray scattering on powder and a due to the data handling method (maximurn-entropy).single-crystal as well) shows peculiar distribution ofcharaes alone, the aallium-nitrogen bonds. The Institute of Experimental Physics, University 'calculations are aimed to show wether the observed Bialystok, Lipowa 41, 15-424 Bialystok, Poland-,peculiarities can be explained on teoretical rounds 2) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400

Otwock-Swierk, Poland

11.6 Angular Distribution of Hyperfine Magnetic Field in Fe3O4 and Fe66Ni34 from

Mijssbauer Polarimetryby K.Szymafiskil), D.Satula'), L.Dobrzyftski 1,2)

Experimental determination of' some angular certain distributions of fields ae pesent in te system 0averages of hyperfine fields is demonstrated. The under study. 0

M javeraues relate to maonetic structure. Exemplary ELresults of the measurements for Fe3O4 and Fe66N'34 Institute of Experimental Physics, University ofshow that it is possible to obtain valuable nformation Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Poland WMabout the field magnitudes and orientations even when 2) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400

Otwock-Swierk, Poland

11.7 Circularly Polarized Beam For Nuclear Resonance Scatteringby K.Szymafiskil), D.Satulal), B.Kalska 2) , L.Dobrzyfiski"')

Silicon quarterplate was tested as an insertion synchrotron radiation was performed at BW4 stationdevice for chanaing linear to circular polarization of of DORIS rng at Hasylab, DESY. 0the beam for Nuclear Resonance Scattering (NRS) IT

0experiments. The quarterplate working in transmission 1) Institute of Experimental Physics, University of' _jBragg eometry is a well-known device. As a quarter CLZ-111 11 Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Polandplate commercial Si single cystals (producer: Institute 2)11 Institute of Chemistry, University of Balystok,of Electronic Materials Technology, ITME, Warsaw) 15-399 Bialystok, Poland

The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400with a thickness of 100 Vm was used. The crystal 3

planes (100) were parallel to the surface of the plate Otwock-�wierk, Polandand 400) reflection was used. The scattering of

11.8 Toward Circularly Polarized Beam for Nuclear Resonance Scattering of SR1 �2) COby K.Szyrnafiski'), D.Satula", L.Dobrzyhski , B.Kalska" r,_

C:)Results of te first experiments with nuclear suitable for nuclear hyperfine studies are eported. S'

resonance scattering of synchrotron radiation aiming (400 sngle crystal slab, 100 �Lm thick, was used as a 0at construction of the circularly polarised beam lambda quarter plate. Observed twofold reduction of


the intensity in the proposed geometry is de to te Si Institute of Experimental Physics, University ofcrystal itself. Hyperfine interactions ae used to pobe Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Polandthe polarization state of the synchrotron beam . 2) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400Application of the proposed method is restrained by Otwock-�wierk, Poland

3)the larae anaular beam divergence, which limits the The Frele Universitdt Berlin, Institut ffirExperimentalphysik, Arnimallee 14circular polarisation of potons. Further experiments I Iare proposed to overcome beam divergence problerns.

11.9 Hyperfine Fields in Fe48AI52by K.Szyi-nafiski", D.Satula", L.Dobrzyfisk]"2), E.YelsukoV3 E.Voromna 3)

Distributions of' te hyperfine parameters in 1) Institute of Experimental Physics, University of'Fe48AI-52 sample in an external maurietic field o 1 IT Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Polandhave been studied. Hyperfine magnetic id (h.m. f.) 2) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400of about 3 T was oriented antiparallel to the average Otwock-�wierk, Polandh.m.f. and the fraction of the iron is about 25%. We 3) Physical-Technical Institute, UrB RAS, 132,also see that about 25% of iron ave zero h.rn.f.. Our Kirov Street, 426001, Izhevsk, Russiaresults indicate presence o' the Mattis phase in thesystem.

11.10 M,5ssbauer Studies of Single Crystals of Gamma Fe-Mnby K.Szyrnafiskil), W.Olszewskil), J.Jankowska-Kisielifiska 2), D.Satula'), L.Dobrzyfiski 1,3)

Three single crystals of y-Mn60Fe37CU3 ave beenT_o prepared with atomic planes (III), (I 00) and (II 0) B=1-0 T co 00 parallel to the surface. M6ssbauei- measurements in an_j external maurietic field of I T at oom temperature L .70- C, B=

have been performed. We hope that detailed analys' .3 T

will reveal the type of M6ssbauer spectrum o singlecrystal 7-Mn60Fe37CU3 measured at differentorientat'ion. B=1 : T

1) Institute of Experimental Physics, University of'Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Poland

2) Institute for Atomic Energy, 05-400 Otwock-

3 �wierk, Poland .0 Fig. I Spectra obtained with external magnetic field appliedThe Softan Institute f r Nuclear Studies, 05-400 perpendicular to the surface.Otwock-�wierk, Poland

11.11 Wssbauer Investigations of UFe5Sn1.21 3) PLO401780

by D.Satulal), K.Szyrnafiskil), L.Dobrzyfiski V.H.Tran

UFe5Sn intermetallic alloy was nvestigated by Institute of Experimental Physics, University of'11means of the Mbssbauer spectroscopy in the Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Polandtemperature ranue of 13 K - RT. The rneasui-ernents 2) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400have been carried out with the use of unpolarized as Otwock-Swierk, Polandwell as circularly polarized beam. It was evealed that 3 W.Trzebiatowski Institute of Low Temperaturethe average hyperfine field is gradually increasing and Structure Research, Polish Academy of11 LIwith decreasing temperature. The analysis resulted in Sciences, P.O. Box 1410, 50-950 Wroclaw,obtaining a set of hyperfine parameters for various Polandlocal environments of iron present in the system.


11.12 Mijssbauer Spectra Investigations of Nanoparticles Of MO.5Fe2.504 (M=Fe, Co,Mn, Ni)by D.Satula", B.Kalska 2) , K.Szymafiski'), K.Winkler 2) , L.Dobrzyfiskl'-')

CC)

The Mbssbauer spectra with ccularly polarized B-positions wile Mn atoms prefer the A-sites. For 0radiation were measured for nanoparticles of Co atoms no site-preference was detected. 0magnetite with Co, Mn and Ni substituted for iron.

The measurements have been carried out in an Institute of Experimental Physics, University ofexternal ma-netic field = I T parallel to thei i C' Bialystok, 5-424 Bialystok, Polandimpinging garnma beam. Te analysis of the spectra 2)1:1 11:1 Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok.has shown that the maunetic moments of iron are 15-399 Bialystok, Polandoriented parallel to the external field. In addition it 3) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400was revealed that N atoms locate peferentially at the Otwock-�wierk, Poland

11.13 M,5ssbauer Studies of Fe-Ni Alloys with Compositions Range Characteristic for theInvar Behaviorby D.Satufal), K.Szyrnafiskil), L.Dobrzyfiski

C1400

Mossbauer studies have been carried out for B=12 T. The analysis of the spectra measured withFe,-,Nl,, alloys (x = 030 032 034 036 038 040). circularly polarized beam has shown tat the maolleticThe experiments have been carried out using both, moments contributing to the two aforementioned 0unpolarized as well as circularly polarized beams. In maxima have the same angular distributions of' thethe composition range of' our interest a structural iron ma(ynetic moments.phase tansition BCC - FCC takes place. This

transition has essential impact on te magnetic 1) Institute of Experimental Physics, University of'properties of iron atoms and leads to so-called Invar Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Polandeffects. The measured spectra xhibit dstribution of 2) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400the hyperfine magnetic fld characterised by the Otwock - wierk, Polandpresence of two maxima: the narrow one in thevicinity of 30 T, and the boad distribution around

11.14 Mi5ssbauer Studies of FeTiSn Heusler Alloy1,2 PLO401783by D.Satula'), K.Szymafiskil), L.DobrzyAski , A�Iebarski')

The Heusler alloy, Fe-,TlSn exhibits a number of FeTl phase was also detected even for vry short tmepeculiar properties that apparently depend on the of millingsample history. In order to elucidate the nature ofmaunetic ordering in the alloy the Mbssbauer studies

"I Institute of Experimental Pysics, University 'on 57Fe were carried out on a sample that had been Bialystok, 15-424 Bialystok, Polandsystematically crushed from bulk to powder. The 2) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400spectra show that this procedure affects the hyperfine Otwock-�wierk, Polandfield distribution. In particular, prolonged 70 hours) 3)

'Ifincy results in occurrenc 11 Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 40-007ml I e of a-Fe phase. A trace of Katowice, Poland

11.15 Electron Momentum Density of Hexagonal Cadmium Studied by ComptonScattering IT

1,2) 3) 00by H.Reniewi -eiezukl). M.Brancewicz'), E.Zukowski'), L.Dobrzyfiski ,S.Kaprzyk

0Directional electron momentum density the I ] and I I 0] directions in the reciprocal space IT

0distributions (Compton profiles) of cadmium single were measured in both geometries, whereas onlyI -1ission aeometry was us a-crystal have been measured in transmission and transmi ed for the measurementreflection geometry using high-energy 662 keV) along the [001 dection. The experimental data aveaamma radiation from a 37CS source. Pofiles along been compared with the Corresponding theoretical


KKR semi-relativistic calculations. The directional 1) Institute of Experimental Physics, University ofdifference profiles, both experimental and theoretical, Bialystok, ul. Lipowa 41, 15-424 Bialystok,show, smilarly to other hexagonal systems, a very Polandsmall anisotropy of the electron momentum density in 2) The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400hexagonal cadmium, about 03%, i.e. less than half of Otwock-Swierk, Polandthat one presented in the literature for cubic systems. 3) Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques,Minor discrepancies between the KKR calculations Academy of Mining and Metallurgy,and experiment occur probably due to necessity of AI.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cacow, Polandintroduction an anisotropic electron-electroncorrelation correction.



ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND MAGNETISM OF Fe,_xCrxSi ALLOYSM.Pu-aczowa-Michalska, A.Go, L.Dobi-zyfiski, S.LipifiskiJ.Magn.Magn.Mat. 256(2003)46

LOCAL MAGNETIC MOMENTS AND HYPERFINE FIELDS IN Fe3.xCrxAlA.Go, N/I.Pu-aczowa-Michalska, L.Dobrzyfiski., S.LipifiskiPhys. Stat. Sol. (b)1236(2003)540

MOSSBAUER STUDY OF THE Fel.xNix INVAR ALLOYS BY MONOCHROMATIC CRCULARLY POLARISED SOURCED.Satula. K.Szyniafiski.. L.Dobrzyfiski, K.Re6ko,.I.Wa1iszewskiNukleonika 48(2003)S71

TRENDS IN N/IOSSBAUER POLARIMETRY WITH CIURCULARLY POLARIZED RADIATIONK.Szymafiski, L.Dobrzyfiski, D.S�ItUla, 13.Kalska-Szostkoin Material Resem-ch in Atonfic Scale b? iiIIii.vsbciziei-Sl7ecti-o.vcoI�),", M.Mashlan ei al. (Eds), havei-Academic Publishers(2003) 317

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CrSi DOPED Fe AND CoP.Zaleski, \.Biernacka, L.Dobm7fiski, K.Perzvfiska, K.Re6koPhys. Stat. Sol. a) 196(2003)260

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ThFexAIj,_x ALLOYSK.Re6ko, L.Dobrzyfiski., K.Szyrnafiski, D.Satula, K.Perzyfiska, M.Biernacka, .Waliszewski, P.Zaleski, W.SLIski, K.Woclio\vski,M.Hofmann, D.HohlweinPhys. Stat. Sol. a) 196(2003)344

INSTYTUT BADAT� -JADRO"IYCFI,.IAK NAUKA SPLATALA Sll Z POLITYKAt,.Dobi-zvfiskiFiz),ka it! Szkole 22003)67

ERROR MAPS IN CHARGE AND MOMENTUM DENSITY STUDIES BY THE MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODL.Dobi-zyfiski, J.WaliszewskiJ. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72(2003)2203

DEFECT CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnBeSe SOLID SOLUTIONS BY MEANS OF POSITRON ANNIHILATION ANDPHOTOLUMINESCENCE TECHNIQUESF.Plazaola, J.Flyktrnan, K.Saarinen, L.Dobrzyfiski, F.Firszt, S.Legowski, H.Meczynska, W.Paszkowicz, H.ReniewiczJ. A)1)1. Phys. 94(2003)1647

A HIGH-RESOLUTION COMPTON SCATTERING STUDY OF HEXAGONAL ZINCCh.Bellin, V.Honldrnaki, H.Reniewicz, P.Zaleski, A.Andrejczuk, L.Dobrzyfiski, Elukowski, S.Kaprzyk.1. A lloys nd Compounds 362(2004)314

MAGNETIC INTERACTIONS IN (UThSc)FC4AIg SYSTEMK.Re6ko, L.Dobi-zyfiskiin "Neuti-on Scafterinq and Cml)lementai-.ill Methods in In vesligations qf Condensed Phase ", Univei-sity qf Podlasie Publishiii,",House, vol. 1, 2003)59

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Ce-Fe-Mri ALLOYSJ.Waliszewski, P.Zaleski, B.C.Hauback, K.Perzyfiska. M.Blernacka, D.SatUla, K.Szyrnafiski, K.Re6ko, L.Dobi-zyfiskiin "Neim-on Scattei-ing and Complementai-v Methods in h"eshganons (Condensed Phase", nive7-sitv of Podlasie PublishiiiqHouse, vol. 1, 2003)78

EFFECT OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Fe3_xCr,,CAl ANDFe3_xCr,,�SiA.Go, M.Pugaczowa-Michalska, L.DobrzvfiskiMolecula)- Physics Reports 38(2003)86

CRYSTALLOCHEMICAL AND MAGNETIC BEHAVIOUR OF Sc(FeAI)12 SAMPLES BY POWDER DFFRACTION ANDMOSSBAUER TECHNIQUESK.Re6ko, B.C.HaLiback, L.Dobi-zyfiski, K.Szyniafiski, D.Satula, B.YLI.Kotur, W.SuskiMoleculai- Physics Repoi-is 38 2003) 113


L.Dobrzyfiski, Polish representative in PANS eeting in Bergen, Norway, June 2003

L.Dobrzyfiski, participation in UNSCEAR meeting, Vienna, Astria, May 2003

L.Dobrzvfiski, participation in NUPEX' meetings in Gratz, Austria, February 2003


Invited talks

PUBLIC AWARENESS OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE -WHAT IS THISL.DobrzNrfis1dJanik's Friends kleefinq, 7,akopane. Poland, Jtd.v 13-18,2003

NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN MEDICINE (in Polish)L.Dobrzvfiski�VKVT,711/7 eeting Of Polis Pysicists, Gal�sk, Poland. Sept. 14-18, 2003

Oral pesentations

MAGNETIC INTERACTIONS IN (UJhSc)FeA1g SYSTEMK.Re6ko, .DobrzyfisldAll-Poland Seminaron Neutron Satlering and Complementar), Methods i CoizdetisedMtittei-Reseai-cli,.Iltiie 14, 2003,Chle�t-piskei, Poland

Posters

AN INFLUENCE OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT ON LOCAL MAGNETIC MOMENTS AND HYPERFINE FIELDSIN FC3.xCrxSiA.Go, M.Pmaczowa-Michalska, L.DobrzyfisldInternationalCon -eii(-eoiiM(iqiietisiiiRoiii(i.lt(i�),..Iitli,27-Aitgiistl,2003

LOCAL MAGNETIC OMENTS AND HYPERFINE FIELDS IN Fe3-XCrxAlA.Go, N/I.Pugaczowa-Michalska, L.DobrzyfiskiThe European Conf�rence Physics ofMagnetism'02. July 1-5, 2002 Poznaii, Poland

EFFECT OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Fe3-,CrAl ANDFe3-,CrSiA.Go, M.Pmaczowa-Michalska, L.DobrzyfiskiSummer School o New Magnetics, Sept. 15-19, 2003, Bqdlewo, Poland

CRYSTALLOCHEMICAL AND MAGNETIC BEHAVIOUR OF SFeAI)12 SAMPLES BY POWDER DIFFRACTION ANDMOSSBAUER TECHNIQUESK.Re6ko, B.C.Haub-ick, L.Dobrzyfiski, K.SzN1n1afisk1, D.SaUfla, 13.YLLKOtUr, W.SuskiSummer School o NEtIIMAGNETICS. 2003, Sepi. 15 -20. Bqdlewo, PoZnati

ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF HYPERFINE MAGNETIC FIELD IN Fe3O4 AND Fe66Ni34 FROM MOSSBAUERPOLARIMETRYK.Szvniafiski, D.Satula, L.DobuvfiskiICA ME 2003

MODULATED MAGNETIC STRUCTURE OF ScFe4A18 BY XRAY, NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION ANDMOSSBAUER EFFECTK.Re6ko, B.C.Hauback, L.Dobrzyfiski, K.Szyniai�ski, D.SaUlla, B.YLI.Kotur, W.SuskiInternational Con rence o Magnetism ICM 2003. July 27 -August 1, Rome, Italy

CRYSTALLOCHEMICAL AND AGNETIC BEHAVIOUR OF SC(FEAL)12 SAMPLES BY POWDER DIFFRACTION ANDMOSSBAUER TECHNIQUESK.Re&o, B.C.HaLiback, L.Dobrzyfiski, K.Szymafiski, D.Siatila, 13.Yu.KOtUr, W.SuskiSummer School on New Magnetics. 2003, Sept. 15 - 19. 2003, Bqdlewo, Poland


CAN "MAD" PREDICTIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS BE MEASURED?;`L.DobrzyfiskiFestival of Science and Culture, Bialystok, Poland, Oct. 26-30, 2003

NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN MEDICINE�"L.DobrzyfiskiFestival ofScience ad Culture, Bialystok, Poland Ot. 26-30, 2003

SCIENTISTS'ETHICS;')L.DobrzyfiskiFestival o'Science and Culitire, Bici4wok. Poland, Oct. 26-30, 2003

NEUTRON INTERFEROMETRY")L.DobrzyfiskiInstitute ql'Experilnenfal Physics, Bialystok. Poland, Oct. 7 2003

ELEMENTS OF THE MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY;')L.DobrzvfiskiInstitute o7heoretical Phvsics, Varsaw Universitv, Poland Nv. 27,2003


INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS OF MAGNETICS;')L.Dobrzyfiski60 hours course (it te Universiii o'BiaNstok. Poland, October 2003 - anuaii� 2004)

a) in Polish

PARTICIPATION IN PROGRAM AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES OF CONFERENCESCHAIRMENSHIP

L.Dobrzyfiski, chair of te Organizing Committee ofthe 15"' International Summer School of Condensed Matter Physics"Electronic Properties of Solids", Bialowle2a, Poland, 29 June-6 July, 2003.

DIDACTIC ACTIVITY

L.Dobrzyfiski -supervisor of Ph.D. thesis of Mr. K. Re6ko University of Bialystok) and two diplorna and one inagister theses(University of Bialystok)

L.Dobrzyfiski -academic Curses and seminars on solid state physics (University of Bialystok)W.Tro anowski - conducting seminars and takim, active part in education of radiographers in the Medical Acaderny i Warslaw.

J I I

All staff is involved in Popularization otnLIClear physics and its applications (see Overiieiv)

PARTICIPATION IN SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATIONS

L.Dobrzyfiski - member of the international group Public Aiiareness q Wcleaj- Science (activity ended in 2003) and PolishPhysical Society

L.Dobrzyfiski - adviser of te Polish Delegate to Uited Nation Scientific Committee of te Effects of Atomic Radiation(UNSCEAR).

E.Droste -mmber of the Polish Physical Socicty.

PERSONNEL

Research scientistsLudwik Dobrzyfiski, ProfessorEwa Droste, MSc., 3/4Wojciech Trojanowski, MSc. (full tj-ne to October, 315 from October on)

Technical and administrative staffTadeusz Ostrowski 2/5 since OctoberTeresa Potrowska

ESTABLISHMENT FOR NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT 171

12 ESTABLISHMENT FOR NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT

Head of Department: MR. Jacek Praczphone: (22) 718-05-00, 718-05-02 PLO401785e-mail: zdaj �zdaj.com

Overview

The year 2003 was full of events i the Establishment for Nuclear Equipment (ZdAJ IPJ). The ostimportant achievement of the Department 2003 was te 'Implementation of a new quality management ystembased on the EN/PN ISO 9000/2001 standard and medical equipment standard EN/PN ISO 13485 Tis qualitymanagement system coveres all the activities of ZdAJ 1PJ from desian, construction, production, to supervisionof the use of the manufactured products.

The implementation of the new quality control system required much preparation. In particular-, it wasessential to:

define all the principal and auxiliary pocesses,

prepare specific maps of these pocesses,

define their measures and coals,

implement the systems and introduce any adjustments that proved to be necessary during its practicaloperation.

In addition, in view of the arowing number of contracts for customers abroad, it became desirable toimplement an Internal System of Control for exports of strategic equipment. The result of this organizationalwork was a positive audit of the 3 systerns of quality management done by Polish Centre for Testing adCertification member of IQnet.

Amona the most important activities in the research and development field was the construction of a ewmodel of the therapeutical table- POLKAM 16. The construction of the prototype has been finished ad theproduction process has already started.

Another remarkable work concerns a 5 MeV electron accelerator. At present the main effort is being )L1t inexperimental test and accelerating system calculations.


12.1 Trends Analysis for Radiotherapy Equipments - Based on the Results of Annualco ESTRO Mee'ting Geneva 2003

by J.Kope6, J.Pracz, S.Wronka, R.KislelM 0

0_j During the ESTRO (European Society EL Therapeutic Radiology Oncology) mcetirio, new

trends in radiotherapy fl wrc presented:

The IMRT is sort for intensity modulated

radiation in therapy. Te ntensity, ofthe raclIM'(11 canbe chan(Iccl dLIl-in(, treatmcrit. This results a much

hi-her dose o'rad' ii-nor than to the normal

tissue. The IMRT tit']'zcs heanis oi multileaf

Pollinators that can be turned oil off durilIC,treatment Tus the radiation interisitv varics acrossthe conformal tarueted held.

An inteorated amorphous silicon Imager -wes an

immedlat o-line visual confirmation of' te patientFig. I The pimirc vieW of IGRT ystem.positioningC,

The irna,,e and nformation management system -equirc the f) I I wiintegrates all steps in the TNIRT process and provides to be implemented i t new design of 5 MeV

accurate, up-to-date information. accelerator-:

DICOM RT - mports and exports data and - A ctain ran(Te of th trapeutic nci-ic atimages using inclustrv standards. consistently high, stable close ates should he

- IGRT (irriage guided radiotherapy) t e\vest provicled,technololly uses a near celerator-, Cquipped wh Li A niultilca[collimator ShOUld be in use.

kilovoltage maujill, source and solid state Xray11 Diptal portal irnaging system should be appliect.detector, to provide I'mages of the patient is organs in Z_

The ma(Te and information management systemthe tatment position, at te te of' treatment,should be based on te DICOM potocol.optimizing te accuracy ad pision o' te

radiotherapy,.

12.2 A New System of Quality Management in ZdAj PLO401787b'v R.Kielsmia, R.Kisiel. J.KopeL, K.Krogulcc, J.Kuczy6sk1, A.Potak, .Pracz

In ZdAJ we ad a t System of' Quality such aministratio aivity in te enterpris wch

Assurance, consistent with standards PN-EN ISO should debate a continuous ad fluent )FOCCSS.

9001: 1996, and EN 46001:1996 ctificated hy TUN' Permanent prfection concerns te unctional(, of, [tic

Rheinland in 2001 and valid until t ed of' 2003 I whole enterprise and Sould e its important target.

2003 t New System of Quality Manaaen'lent \vas Identification of pncipal ad aLlXiliary activitN

elaborated ad implemented in actual Standards PN- processes was executed in ZdAJ. These pocesses

EN ISO 9001:2001 Systems of-Quality Management17 'Werc extended to include supporting and

- Rquirements", as well as PN-EN ISO 3485: 2002 supplementary procedures. DOCLImentation for heI -nent - Particular d processes %N

"Quality Systerns - Medical Equipi systC111 an as elaborated and

RequiYernents concerning, application o f EN ISO -niplemented ad contains 7 nw procedures:

900 PS 55.3-1 Iternal cornmunication'

The new Standard PN-EN ISO 9001: 2001 appliesPS 8.2.1-1 "InvestILation Of Customereigh pinciples of quality manaoement: a) oientation

on customer-, b) leadership, prsonnel engagement. satlsfaction'

d) process approach, ) management systern approach, - PS 84-1 "Data analysis",

f pmanent perfection, ) CICCISIOTI maklin-(. process - PS UWM- Pedure in case of' edical

based on facts, h) initial advantage relations ,vith 'clcnt"�acci

contractors. CL1St01_nCY 0r1Cr1t,1t1011 is C01111ected with Ps UIAIM-2 "SUl- -V'S'll(T the exploitation of'the poducer's dependence ad understandir)IT of'

equipn-icnt in postproduction phase, ,nice takill(Icurrent and future needs of' customers, and also . t-

appropriate rn e a n s For necessal-N, Correctioninvesticyation of custorner stisfaction cvel. Te

process approach to management nicans in practice actions",


PS UWM-3 Declaration f Compliance wth audits of seven processes and management inspectionRecommendation 93/42 EEC", was executed. Audits and the Inspection confirmed te

- PS WSK-I Pnciples of commercial turnover proper operation of new Quality Management Systern.In November 2003, auditors of the Polish Centre '

with stratealc equipment".Examination and Certification conducted an audit SZJ

19 procedures were overelaborated for the ZdAJ and confirmed the compliance of' te Systemrequirements of new standards. five pocedures were with standards PN-EN ISO 9001: 2001 ad PN-ENunchanged.

ISO 13485: 2002.

The new system and its documentation was

implemented. Verification of the system through

12.3 Elaboration of New Design for Electron Beam Deflection System in 15 MeVAccelerator CC)

00by R.Kisiel, L.Kotulsk], J.Olszewski, W.Wolski, S.Wronka r_

0The deflection system applied in the 15 MeV For the purpose of esearch, sorne basic 0

accelerator was designed in the P-X Department of the assumptions were adopted:

Institute. Such design -ives no possibility foi- beam a 0 air ap between poles 12.4 mm,

position correction at the deflection output and makes0 magnitude of maonetic induction in the -ap 1. Timpossible any correction of beam symmetry and C, . 1-1

flatness (electrons and photons) in the socentre plane. (according to literature data saturation value f,Armco iron is about 19 T.

f., ct,.,, b-111 P.Ie pi-I f., QH PI,,,,, If., \ p.",! Takine, these assumptions as boundary conditions,

the following investigations were executed:corn r simulation of electron beam trajector'

pute ics

in the deflection chamber,

2. computer simulation of magnetic field

distribution in the clap, poles, ad eectrornaanet

yoke,

3. spectral analysis of chemical composition of' thefctr.,, be., .tp,,t Armco-iron specimen existing in ZdAJ analysis

was done in Material Examination Laboratoi-y of

Atomic Energy Institute),

4. measurements of macnetic saturation curves forclFig. I Assembly drawing of deflection systern foi- 15 MeV specimen of Armco-iron, and steel type IO: wthaccelerator-. and without the annealing process.

Actual obligatory standards relating to flatness and On the basis of the research and computer

simulation of the magnetic field distribution in tesymmetry require a dynamical control f the electron

beam position. Therefore, in autumn of 2003 a new gap, poles and electromagnet yoke - induction in the

system of electron beam symmetry correction was gap was adopted at the level 12 T. It shifte te

elaborated in a ZdAJ. As a first step, a new ionization electron trajectories in the deflection chamber frorn R

chamber with a 4 - sector electrode collecting = 64 mm, to R = 1 mm. Under this assumption, and

information of beam position at the output (see taking into account the boundary conditions for

Annual Report 2002 p.179-180) was designed. overall dimensions and topography of the deflection

Current works are oriented on the design of a new system in the 15 MeV accelerator- t Outline

deflecting system, which from the ionization chamber assembly drawing defining configuration of oles,

readings performs a dynamic correction of the beam at yoke and coils (main, correction, supplementary) was

the output. elaborated.

The design of the new deflecting systern was based On the basis of this assembly drawing, te

on the following data: technical documentation was prepared for:

• electron beam energy up to 15 MeV, 6 magnetic yoke with poles,

• control of beam position in horizontal and vertical , main and supplementary coils,

planes at the deflector output, 6 correction coils QV and QH,

• control of the beam energy spectrum with "energy * deflection chamber with "enero, sts"yslits".

In December 2003 the fabrication of tose

components started in the workshop of ZdAJ.


12.4 Modifications in Design and Control Software of Accelerator Neptun 2003 -0') Introduced for Operation Stability Assurance00 by R.Hornung, E.Jakubowska, E.Jankowski, W.KoLdziolka, J.Kope6, L.Kotulski, J.01szewski, J.Pracz,

A.Salaga, W.Wolski, S.Wronka, J.WysokUUi0

0The EEV firm produces the pulse magnetron on accelerator. It gave also additional advantages of a to

the basic components of medical accelerator Neptun. control better access pmp maintenance andenabled the flow, pressure and temperature ofcoolingThe producer introduced changes in thewater.mechanical construction of te anode - cathode block.

In an earlier version of maunetron te anode asserribly Mechanical construction of the rnaunetronwas gued up from several elements. At pesent, the electromagnet produced by ZdAJ was also modified.precision machine too] akes it frorn one copper This improved the precision of magnetron positioningblock. In the external part of this element, the threaded between the electromagnet poles. The Automatichole is located, enablin hh accuracy of' magnetron Frequency Control system (AFC) was also expanded.positioning between poles of electromagnet dsigned It permitted an optimal tuning of the magnetron toC� Z�specially for this version of microwave tube. T appropriate operation frequency for every selectedmethod of fastening and the material used for accelerator energy. The power supply for theconnections of the internal cathode with external magnetron cathode was changed from AC to DCterminals also has chanued. This sulted in a system, what effectuated in an elimination of' tedisplacement of the cathode of about 6 rnm from its reflected wave Jumping during operation with energiesproper position caused by an external mechanical of electrons 6 8, and IO MeV.

'bi 'on wth a frequency of about 52 Hz. If it PreVu Ihappens durma ma(ynetron operation. its operationfrequency is detuned in a andom way and inconsequence causes unstable operation of the . ..... ... .accelerator-. Information on such a possibility is notGiven in the technical data of the tube poducer. ....... .... ..

Chanues introduced by the EEV firm in maanetronconstruction caused serious deterioration ofoperational parameters of medical accelerator, andinparticular badly, influenced the stability of the output .... .. .radiation dose - rate in dependence from annulargantry position. This instability was mainlypronounced for electron enerales E 06, 8, and

MF2 -oogs I or 20t-nVIO MeV. . 14 May 2003

I 1.00 V 2100p I 0 F7 05-0-16 I 1:1 0: I

4,1 2 % Fig.2 Effectofdoublereflectedwavesignal.

-3,08% X In macnetron technical data, the EEV indicatesMEM 3,27% X that, depending on the angular position f te

cm magnetron, the allowable output power variation mayM - 4,52% X vary within 6 %. Taking this into account, in the

am control software of accelerator, the possibility was0 3,68% X introduced to write-in the correction coefficients or

accelerator dose-rate related to aantry angular3,61 % position. In addition it is also possible to ntroduce a

starting position of the maunetron tuner drive - elatedto the angular position of the accelerator gantry, whatL ;_

Fig.1 E6-Nai-lationot'doseiiidependeiiceofaccelei-atoi-",iiiti-y improves the fluency of dose - rate rsingposition. All implemented modifications improved the dose

rate stability agains a variation of the angularThe ZdAJ firm had to execute additional research

position of the accelerator. The effect of reflected-and measurements, and in consequence introduce wave signal doubling was eliminated. The precision ofnecessary modifications in electrical and mechanical Z,

magnetron tuning to a proper frequency, and fluencydesign and software to keep tolerances in a range of,

of dose - rate rising were meaningful ameliorated.3% required in the standard IEC 976, 977.

In order to eliminate the main source of The final result is the achievement by accelerator

mechanical vibrations, the assembly of water purnp in Neptun of operational parameters in compliance with

the internal cooling system was located outside the the standards IEC 976 and 977.


12.5 The Structures for 15 MeV Accelerator - Experimental Results and BeamSimulations

0by R.Hornuna, E.Jankowski, E.Jakubowska, T.Krawicl, J.Pracz, W.Wolski, S.Wronka, J.Wysokifiski IM 0

The model of a new medical accelerator or the In parallel, theoretical work is being done as a 0energy range from 6 to 15 MeV is currently tested in complementary study to the experimental tests. Beam 0ZdAJ. Two dfferent accelerating structures were parameters are verified usin a model of a 15 MeVtested n 2003 [I]. Results are presented n Table 1. accelerator based on General Particle Tracer 2 an

At pesent. after the beam tests, all tasks are SuperFish programs. This model includes allcomponents of the machine: electron un, acceleratingfocused on the pparation of a new machine for "I C,

medical purposes. First simple versions of' flattening structure, solenoid, quadrupoles, 270' deviation.11 Satisfactory agreement between simulations andfilters are ready and the beam parameters are tuned 11

from therapy point of view (Fig. I - 2. experiments was found.

Table IResults of the beam tests for two structures prepared i ZdAJ for 15 MeV accelerator.

G2 SB Q0 L..,p,-.,. E P.,t- Pi, 11, P.i., ZITMHz MHz % MeV MW MVV MW 'nA WY111

Structure no 6 0.72 0.97 0.25 42.3 1.35 36.3

7 0.89 1.41 0.52 74.7 1.59 39.92998.22 1.5 2.21 10 785 11.4 8 1.20 1.88 0.68 85.1 1.57 38.5

9 1.39 2.36 0.97 107.7 1.70 42.11 0 56, 2.97 1.41 141.1 1 .

Structure no 26 0.60 0.97 0.37 60.9 1.61 42.9

7 0.72 1.35 0.63 90.7 1.89 49.32998.08 2.2 1.62 12 440 4.6 8 0.94 1.64 0.71 88.2 1.75 49.1

9 1.21 2.05 0 4 93.0 1.69 48.(

0 1.39 1.43 1.04T10 9 1.74 51.5

where: E - beam energy,Z,f,,/2 - resonant frequency, Pstne, Pst,,.x - Power delivered to the structure for adSB - stop bend, X beam respectively,

structure to wavegulde coupling coefficient, Pb beam power,Q - quality factor, Ib beam current,Lu.spiz - losses in structure to wavecruide coupling ZIT 2 shunt impedancecircuit,

------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- -

------------ ------------------------------ ,

nz2L - - --------------------

------- ------ --------7- --- --------- -------- ----------- ---------------- --- ---------------

-------------- I---------------------------------- ----------

--------------- --------------- -------------- ----------- --------------------------------- I ---

............ ......

Fig. I Depth distribution of' electrons in watcr phantom for Fig. 2 Depth distribution of photons in water pantom fordifferent energies. different energies.

[1] J.BeLbiketal."ResultsofMicrowaveTestofan [2] General Particie Tracer - M.J.de Loos, S.B. vanAccelerating Structure 15 MeV Accelerator", der Geer, FOM-Inst. Plasmafysica 'Rijnhulzen',Annual Report 2002 The Netherlands, www.pulsar.nl/cpt

OBITUARIES 77

111. OBITUARIES

PROFESSOR JANUSZ RONDIO 1928-2003)

Oil 29 Septemhcr 2003 a ragic event ended the Institute o- yvaskyla University, Finland. It ws aI1f'C of' ur colleague. JaLlsz Rondlo, who was kled VCFY 11,1101111 collaboration. He continued tese tUdics

(to(Tether with Ills Hanna i 11 CL11, 111ccident. He untill Ills unexpecte dath.was 75 years old. Apart from physics, Janusz Rondlo lad grcat

Janusz Rondlo graduated from t Physics a passions - te include and Mountains. He is te authorMathematics Facultv of' Varsav University in 1954. o f' some p la y s published and prcscl1ted f rSoon afterwards lie tarted Ills work as a assistant at competitions organized by thcatres. He od thethe Chair of'Experimental Nuclear Pysics ofWarsaw moutains ad awas spent Ils holidays hkill'TUniversity Fst lie took prt in Lhe designing andconStrLiCting O h Vn de Graaff' accelerator. Next liejoined t nuclear reaction L01-11). His cattle, orkconcentrated on measurerncrits of' l isorneric ratiosin (n.,/) eactions induced b neutrons fon a nuclearreactor "EWA". I 1968 Jusz Rondio carried IsPhD. Te thesis as entitled "Investl-atio ofisomeric ratios in (riy) eactions induced by termalneutrons

Professor Rondlo was an nspirational teachcr ofphysics. In 1964 lie udertook- work- t te MilitaryAcademy of Technology as a lecturer in physics. Hiscompetence ttracted many esearch students H wasa vcry warm nd crigari-ing Pei-soil. H could easilyestablish contact ad interact wth People. He assuperviser of many MSc thcscs Smultaneously lieContinued h1S StUdy of neutron olarizatio ' t (dn)reactions.

,W

In 973 Jusz Rondio started work i te

Department of Nuclear Reactions of' the InstitLILC 0'0

Nuclear Research, NvIlcre he took te position of' eaddcputy of Departrnent.

In te period of' 1978-79 lie worked at te Joint RO,Institute for Nuclear Rsearch in Dubna (USSR),%vhcre lie nvestigatcd so colled "spin-flip" eects in(pp'y) reactions induced by ow energy protons.

After his return to Warsakv Prof. Rondlo studied Janusz Rondio was universally respectcd, oth s the excitation of' te Gant Dipole Resonance i te scientist whos knoNvnIcdae and xence %\,Cl'C(np) eaction. extraordinary, and also as an aademic tacher As

In 990 he completed Ills habilitation" oil te one such he will be remembered both y Is ends andand multiparticle effects in (np) eactions induced y Ills sudents.the 20 MeV neutrons.

The last years f Janusz Rondlo's sntificactivity were dominated by the study of" GDR Andrze' Kormanexcitation in (p, u) reactions. He formed a N4arlan Jaskolacollaboration w th physicists frorn the Physics

AUTHORINDEX 179

IV. AUTHOR INDEX

Adam us M ........................................ ! ............. 95, 99 Everett J . ............................................................ 154Ahm ad I . .............................................................. 4 1 Falch M . ............................................................. 128Andr 'czuk A ..................................................... 165 Fijal I .................................................................... 25Andrzejewski J ..................................................... 43 Flyckt S.0 . ........................................................... 58Attallah F . .......................................................... 128 Focelberc B .......................................................... 4 1Aubert P . ............................................................ 146 Franzke B . .......................................................... 128Augustyniak W . ............................................. 24, 25 Garanty K ............................................................. 45Balcerzyk M ...................... 56,57,58,59,60,61,63 Gare U .................................................................. 41Banaszak A . ................................................... 80,83 Garkusha LE ......................................................... 85Bana§ D ................................................................ 25 Gast W . .......................................................... 42.43Bantsa A . ............................................................ 70 Gawin J . ............................................................. .116Baranowski J .................................................. 84,85 Gawlik G . ........................................................... 146Barlak M . ........................................................... 147 Geissel H . ........................................................... 128Batsch T . .............................................................. 63 Ghu-re S.S . .......................................................... 41Beckert K . .......................................................... 128 Glowacka, L .......................................................... 20Bekm an-Jokisz B . ................................................ 42 Go A ........................................................... 162,163Blalkowska H ....................................................... 96 Gokleli R ........................................................ 94,99B i ern acka M ......................................................... 45 Goldstein PT ...................................................... 134Bigolas J ............................................................. 153 Go§cilo L .............................................................. 99Bluj M ............................................................ 94,99 G6rny C ................................................................ 65Blum enthal D ....................................................... 41 G6rski M . ............................................................. 99BlockiJ . ......................................................... 36,37 Grajek 0 ............................................................. 101Boirnska B ............................................................ 96 Green AM . ........................................................ 133Borlsko V .N . ........................................................ 85 Grosswendt B ....................................................... 70Bosch F . ............................................................. 128 Grundland A .M . ................................................. 134Boutin D ............................................................. 128 Guzik Z . ............................................................... 64Bracken P ........................................................... 134 Hartm ann G .H .................................................... 155Brancewicz M . ................................................... 165 Hausm ann M . ..................................................... 128Brazlewicz J . ........................................................ 25 Heide] K . .............................................................. 62Budzanowsk A .................................................... 20 Heinrich L . ........................................................... 62Byrka N ............................................................ 84 Hoffm an J ............................................................. 94Bysiek M .............................................................. 45 Hornuno R .................................................. 174,175Carpenter M Y . ..................................................... 41 Hutsch J ................................................................ 62Catani L ................................................................ 86 Infeld E ....................................................... 135,136Chernlevsky V .K .................................................. 20 Ivanov D .Yu ....................................................... 132Chm ielewski M .................................................. 147 Iwan-Risse A ...................................................... 116Choifiski J . ........................................................... 20 Jacobsson R .......................................................... 64Ch 'nacki .......................................................... 25 Jaenke K ............................................................. 154Cianch A . ............................................................. 86 Jdaer H . .......................................................... 42,43Crespo P ............................................................... 62 Jauielski J . .................................................. 146,147Crowell ............................................................. 41 Jakubowska E ............................................. 174,175Czarnacki W . ........................................... 56,57,59 Jakubowski L . ...................................................... 80Czaus K .................................................... 81,84,86 Jankowska-K isielifiska J . ................................... 164Czech B ................................................................ 20 Jankowski E. .............................................. 174,175Czerska I . ............................................................. 46 Janssens RN . .................................................... 41Dqbrowski J . .................................. I........... 129,130 Jask6la M . ...................................................... 25,83Deloff A . ........................................................ 97,98 Jqdrzejczak K . ............................ 116,117,118,119Dernetriou P . ........................................................ 22 Kaczarowsk R . .................................................... 41Dobrzyfiski L . ............................. 162,163,164,165 Kalifisk D . ......................................................... 147Droste Ch . ...................................................... 42,43 Kalska B ..................................................... 163,165Durdes F.0 . ........................................................ 130 Kaprzyk S ........................................................... 165D worski J . ............................................................ 43 Kapusta M ................... 56,57,58,59,60,61,62,65Dziedzic A . .......................................................... 63 Karczmarczyk J .......................................... 116,119Eidelm an S ......................................................... 131 Karpio K ............................................................... 97Enahardt W . ......................................................... 62 Kasztelan M . ...................................................... 117


KqdzIolka W ....................................................... 174 M ach H ........................................................... 41, 58Kem pifiski W . .................................................... 144 M aci42:ek W .E . ..................................................... 45Kerscher Th ........................................................ 128 M ajewska U .......................................................... 25Khoo T.L .............................................................. 4 M ajorov M ............................................................ 60Kielczewska D . .................................................. 102 M alinowski K . ...................................................... 84Kielsznia R . ........................................................ 172 M arciniewski P ..................................................... 98Kisie R ....................................................... 172, 173 M arcinkowski A . .................................................. 22Kisielihski M . ........................................... 23, 42, 43 M ariafiski B . ......................................................... 22Klamra W . ................................................ 56, 57, 59 M arm onier C . ....................................................... 58Klepper ........................................................... 128 M atul M .......................................................... 45 46Kliczewski ......................................................... 20 M atuszewski M . ................................................. 136Kluge H .-J . ......................................................... 128 M enychuk D ........................................................ 23K6hler H .S .......................................................... 130 M ezhevych S.Yu . ................................................. 20Kolakowski T ....................................................... 45 M qczyfiski W .................................................. 42 43Koped J ....................................................... 172, 174 M ielech A . .......................................................... 101Koptev V . ............................................................. 40 M ikolajewski ..................................................... 46Korman A ........................................................ 25, 83 M irowski R ........................................................... 86Koshchy E.1 .......................................................... 20 M okhnach A .V . .................................................... 20Kosifisk K .......................................................... 153 M orek T .......................................................... 42 43Kotulski L ................................................... 173, 174 M oroz Z ................................................................ 45Koval N .N . ........................................................... 86 M oszyfiski M .............. 56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63Kowalczyk M . ................................................ 42,43 M r6wczyhski St .................................................... 98Kowalik K . ......................................................... 101 M untian I . ........................................................... 128Kowalski M .......................................................... 45 M iinzenbere G .................................................... 128Kownacki J ..................................................... 42,43 M ykulyak A .................................................... 22,23Kozhuharov C . ................................................... 128 M ystek-Laurikainen B .................................... 45,46Kozlov G.A . ....................................................... 131 Naguleswaran S .................................................... 41Kozlov V . ............................................................. 56 Nassalski J . ................................................... 95,101Kozlowski T . ................................................ 23,102 Navarra F.S ......................................................... 130Kravarik J . ............................................................ 82 Nawrocki K . ................................................. 94,104Krawiel T . .......................................................... 175 Nawrot A . ....................................................... 98,99Kretschm er R . .................................................... 132 Nekipelov M ......................................................... 40Kretschm er W . ..................................................... 25 Nissius D . ............................................................. 41Krogulec K ......................................................... 172 Nolden F ............................................................. 128Krynick T . ........................................................... 46 Novikov Yu.N . ................................................... 128Kubeg P . ............................................................... 82 Nowicki L ............................................................. 26Kubicki M . ........................................................... 46 Olesifiska W . ...................................................... 147Kucharczyk A ..................................................... 156 Olszewski J ................................................. 173,174Kuczyhski J . ....................................................... 172 Olszewski W ....................................................... 164Kula J . ............................................................ 70,71 Ossm an A .K . ........................................................ 26Kulifiski ........................................................... 156 Paduch M .............................................................. 81Kup§6 A ................................................................ 98 Pajek M . ............................................................... 25Kurek K .............................................................. 101 Parkhom enko 0 .................................................. 128Kurp I . ........................................................ 117,118 Pasternak A .A ....................................................... 43Kyryanchuk V .M .................................................. 20 Patyk Z . .............................................................. 128LangnerJ ........................................................ 85,86 Pawelke J .............................................................. 62Lapicki G .............................................................. 25 Pawlowski M ...................................................... 134Lauritsen T . .......................................................... 41 Perkowski J ........................................................... 43Lavoute P . ............................................................ 58 Petrotchenkov S .................................................. 116Le Paven C . ........................................................ 146 Piqtkowska A ...................................................... 146Le-rand-Buscem a C . .......................................... 146 Piechocki W . ...................................................... 135Lesniewski K .................................................. 63,65 Piekoszewski J ...................... 85,144,145,146,147Lieder R .......................................................... 42,43 Pire B .......................................................... 131,132Lipifiski . .......................................................... 162 Pisarczyk T . .......................................................... 84Litvinov Y u.A . ................................................... 128 Plucihski P .......................................................... 118Lbbner K.E.G . .................................................... 128 Plawski E .................................................... 152,156Long V -C............................................................ 134 Plom ifiski M . .................................................. 64,65Lorencki P . ..................................................... 64,65 Pl6ciennik W .A . ............................................. 42,43Lorkiewicz J . ...................................................... 154 Polak A . .............................................................. 172Lukaszuk L ......................................................... 131 Polahski A . ............................................... 71,72,73

AUTHORINDEX 181

Pracz J ................................................. 172,174.175 S 'kowski Z . ...................................................... 33Preibisz Z . ..................................................... ...... 46 Sw arzyfiski J . ............................................. 116, 119Proch D . ........................................................ ...... 86 Sworobowicz T . ................................................... 63Prokert F . ............................................................ 144 Syntfeld A . ............................................... 56. 57 60Przewfocki P . ..................................................... 102 Syr'yczyfiski K . ...................................................... 99Pszona S ................................................................ 70 Szabelska B ................................................ 118, 119Pucaczowa-M ichalska M ................................... 162 Szabelski J .................................. 116,117,118,119Rabifiski M ........................................................... 80 Szaw lowski M ................................................ 56,57Radon T .............................................................. 128 Szczekowski M . ................................................... 99Rakowski P . ......................................................... 46 Szczurek A . .......................................................... 20Ratajczak R . ......................................................... 26 $zeptycka M ................................................. 94,102Reniew icz H ....................................................... 165 Szlachciak J .......................................................... 65Richter E . ........................................................... 144 Szleper M . ............................................................ 95Rondio E . ............................................. 95,101,102 Szydlow ski A . ................................................ 82, 83Ro2ynek J ............................................ 129,130,132 Szym anowsk L .......................................... 131, 31)Ruchowska E . ................................................ 42,43 Szym aska K ........................................................ 45Rudchik A .A . ....................................................... 20 Szym aski K . ..................................... 163,164,165Rudchik A .T ......................................................... 20 Szym zyk W . ..................................... 145.146,147Rusek K .......................................................... 20,21 �Iebarski A ......................................................... 165Russo R . ............................................................... 86 �w iqtecki W ....................................................... 39Rybczyi�ski M . ................................................... 130 Tal 'ko M ............................................................. 44Sadowski M J .................... 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 Tazzari . ............................................................. 86Sakuta S.B ............................................................ 20 Tazzioll F . ............................................................ 86Safa-a A ............................................................. 174 Tereshin V .I . ........................................................ 85Sandacz A . ................................................. 101,102 Teryaev O N ....................................................... 132Sartow ska B . ...................................................... 144 Tokarski P . ......................................................... 119Satula D ............................................... 163,164,165 Tom aszewski K .................................................... 81Scheldenberaer C . .............................................. 128 Traczyk K ....................................................... 64,65Scholz M . ................................................. 80,82,83 Traczyk M . ........................................................... 44Schotanus P .................................................... 56,60 Traczyk P . ............................................................ 99Sernam ak J . .......................................................... 25 Tran V .H . ........................................................... 164Senatorsk A ....................................................... 135 Trautm ann D . ....................................................... 25Sernicki J .............................................................. 47 Trippenbach M ................................... 134,135,136Shvedov L . ..................................................... 36,37 TrubnIkow W . ...................................................... 96Sierniarczuk T . ..................................................... 97 Trzaskowska H ..................................................... 46Sludak R ............................................................... 20 Trzcifiska A .......................................................... 62Siwek-W ilczyfiska K . .................................... 38,39 Trzcifiski A ............................................... 23, 24 25Skalski J . ............................................................ 128 Tsarenko A N . ................................................ 84,85Skladnik-Sadowska E . ................................... 84,85 Turos A . ............................................................... 26Skorupsk A .A . .................................................. 135 U tyuzh O N . ............................................... 130,131Skw irczyfiska I ..................................................... 20 U zdowski M ......................................................... 6�Slapa M ................................................................ 44 V oronina E . ........................................................ 164Sm olaficzuk R . ................................................... 133 W aliszewski J ..................................................... 163Snopek M . ............................................................ 44 W ali§ L ............................................................... 144Sobiczewsk A . .................................................. 128 W asilewski A .A . .................................................. 41Sobiella M ............................................................ 62 W erner Z . ............................. 85,144,145,146,147Sokolow ski M . ................................................... 104 W ibig T . ..................................... 116,117,118,119Sosnow sk R . ....................................................... 94 W ilczyfiski J ............................................. 37,38.39Sow ifiski M . ......................................................... 45 W ilk G .................................................. 97,130, 131Srebrny J . ....................................................... 42,43 W incel K . ............................................................. 73Stadtlm ann J ....................................................... 128 W inkler K ........................................................... 165Stanislaw ski J ............................................... 85,144 W i§licki W . .................................................. 95,101Stankowski J . ..................................................... 144 W itkowski J .......................................................... 86Steck M . ............................................................. 128 W lodarczyk Z ..................................................... 130Stefafiski M . ......................................................... 46 W 'tkowska J ................................................. 23,45Stepaniak J . .................................................. 98,102 W olifiska-Cichocka M . .................................. 42.43Stolarz A . ............................................................. 43 W olnik H ........................................................... 128Stonert A . ............................................................. 26 W oski D . ........................................... 58,59,62.63Stra§ W ................................................................. 44 W oski W . .......................................... 173,174,175Styczefi J . ............................................................. 43 W olow ski J ........................................................... 83


W rochna G . .................................................. 99, 04 Zdunek K .............................................................. 80W ronka S .............................. 95,172,173,174,175 Zernlo L . ............................................................... 20W ycech S . .......................................................... 133 Zw iq-lifiski B . ................................................ 22,23W ysocka A . ........................................................ 155 Zwolska I .............................................................. 45W ysokifiski J . ............................................. 174,175 Zychorl ................................................................ 40Yelsukov E . ........................................................ 164 Zawrocka I ............................................................ 63Zablerowski J . ............................................ 116,118 Zebrow ski J . ................................................... 81,84Zalew ski P ...................................................... 94,99 Zukow skiE . ....................................................... 165Zallpska J . .......................................................... 102 Zuprafiski P . ................................................... 24,25Zar�ba B ............................................................... 73

instytut problemÓw jĄdrowych im. andrzeja sołtana the

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