Instructional Objective:1.Explain the properties of matter

2.Identify elements and compounds. 3.Compare and contrast solutions, colloids and

suspensions.4.Learn how to separate the substance.

Classification of Matter

Matter• Has mass

• Takes up space

Substance• Cannot be broken into a

smaller form• Definite composition

Mixture• A combo of two or moresubstances that can be

separated

Homogeneous• Two or more substances

blended evenly• Every part of the mixtureis identical to another part

Heterogeneous• Different substances can

be identified easily

Element• One type of element

• Found on periodic table• Oxygen, Carbon, etc…

Compound• Combination of two or

more elements• Water, table salt, etc…

What is a Pure Substance?

• Can be an element or a compound• Cannot be broken down into simpler

components• Always maintain the properties of the original

substance

Ex: helium,aluminum,water and salt

Elements

• substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances

• An element is made up of only one kind of atom.

• Are 90 elements found in nature.• More than 20 other elements have been

made in labs.• Some elements are unstable and exist only for

short time.

Elements

• Examples of Elements:

• Elements can be found onthe periodic table

Gold (Au)

Carbon (C)

Aluminum (Al)

Compounds

substance made up of two more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio

The properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements that make it up

Ex: Water is made of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen (both elements are gas)

Compounds

• Examples of Compounds:• Made up of more than

one element

Water (H2O)

Table Salt(NaCl)

Hydrogen PeroxideH2O2

SugarC12H22O11

Mixtures

• Two or more substances that can be separated by physical means

• Heterogeneous Mixture: A mixture that has different substances that can be distinguished easily

• Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture that has different substances blended together evenly.

Water (H2O)and

Acetic Acid (CH3CO2H)

1.Heterogeneous mixture (unevenly mixed )

Ex: salad, milk, blood etc…….

2.Homogeneous mixture (evenly mixed)Ex: any flat soft drink

Instructional Objective:1..Compare and contrast solutions, colloids and

suspensions.2.Learn how to separate the substance.

Colloids( come from a Greek word for glue)

A homogeneous mixtureIs a type of a mixture that never settlesParticles are larger than those solution but not heavy enough to settleEx: milk , gelatin, paint, fog, smoke etc…

How can you detect colloids?

• By it’s appearance.• By passing a beam of light through it• The particles are large enough to scatter

light• Ex: fog, shampoos, gelatins

Tyndall effect

• The scattering of light by colloidal particles is called the tyndall effect

Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions Solution: Extremely small particles that will

not settle to the bottom of a container Colloid: A mixture that never settles but have

larger particles than a solution and whose particles never settle (fog, smoke)

Suspensions: A mixture that contains larger particles that will settle to the bottom with time (muddy water, orange juice)

What are physical and chemical changes?

–physical change: change that does not produce new substances

–chemical change: change that produces new substances

•

Instructional Objective:1.Identify the state of matter. 2Compare the heat of fusion and heat of vaporization

Physical Changes

• A physical change is a change in size, shape, or state of matter.

• In a physical change – the material you are changing is the same thing at the beginning and end of the change

Properties of Matter

Physical Properties-with out changing the appearance

Chemical Properties- always indicate a change

Physical Properties.

Identifying the content of a substances without changing it.

Can identify by their appearances.Ex: shape, color and state of matter. By their behaviorEx: melting point ,freezing point,

attraction of the particles etc……

Physical Properties. Viscosity (resistance to flow.) Conductivity (ability to allow heat or current

to flow) Malleability (ability to be hammered) Melting points (temperature at a substance

change from solid to liquid) Boiling points ( temperature at a substance

change from liquid to gas) Density (Use to identify a pure substances)

Date :1/25/11

Instructional Objective:1. Identify mixtures and learn how to separate them2.. Learn about chemical change and chemical properties

Review Questions:1.What is a compound ?

Other Instructions:Lab :work on Lab 8, Pg# 17Homework:Do the work sheet(Use your notes)

Chemical Change

A chemical change is a change that changes a material into something new

Burning paper (ash, smoke, fire) Sometimes you must rely on clues

Bubbles Heat produced Change in color Smoke

                            

                                    

raw egg raw egg becomes becomes cooked cooked

eggegg

                  

                          

                      

                      

cake mix cake mix

becomes becomes cakecake

                                

                                

                                

                                

paper paper becomes becomes

ashash

                                

                                

                      

                      

steel steel becomes becomes

rustrust

                      

                       

What is a Chemical properties?

• Is a characteristic of a substance that indicates the chemical change

Ex: odor, color change,bubbling,foaming etc…..

Chemical Properties

• Flammability• Reactivity• Change of color• Odor • Production of Gas (bubbling)• Production of a precipitate (producing

solid matter)

Separate the substances using their Physical properties:

• Ex. Size(Size of a poppy seed and sunflower seeds.)

• Ex: color of the seed• Ex : attraction of the iron to the magnet

Separate the substance using their physical change

Distillation:

* is process for separating substance in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing it’s vapor.

Ex. Separate the salt from saltwater.

Separating colors

• Chromatography method can be used

How can a suspension be separated?

• filtration: separation of particles in a suspension by passing through the filter paper or some other porous material

Separating substances using chemical change

• Ex: silver tarnish due to the reaction of silver with sulfur compound in the air forming sliver sulfide.

• Using chemical reaction sulfide can be removed to polish the sliver.

Conservation of Mass

In any type of change (physical or chemical), the combined mass of the material does not change◦This is called the “Law of Conservation of Mass”

◦Why do ashes have less mass that the wood that was burned?