INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES

Introduction•Audiovisual aids are important to the teaching process. In order not to limit communication with student to voice and gesture alone.•Most successful teaching\ learning activities rely on the use of appropriate instructional resources.

Criteria for selecting the appropriate teaching learning material or equipment

When you select any material or equipment you should consider:1. Setting 2. Number of Students3. Objectives 4. Learner Variables (reader, non reader)

Purposes of using learning resources1. motivate learners by stimulating interest in a subject2. involve learners in learning experiences3. Explain and illustrate subject content and performance skill.Researchers pointed out that people remember:10% of what is read20% of what is heard30% of what is seen50% of what is seen and heard80% of what is said and done.

The more active the learner in hearing, seeing, discussing, and performing activities to be learned the greater the learning.

We have two resources to support teaching learning activities

1.Non projected materialsA.Diagram: are usually intended to show

relationships between items and help explain processes.

B.Chalk board :- Useful for displaying lists as outlines or may be used to

communicate words, symbols and drawing.

C.Models: Tangible simulations can be substitute for real items which are too big

or small.

Functions of Non Projected materials : 1.Promote correlation of information.2.Assist organization of material3.Meet my teaching methods4.Help to Explain process. (More understanding and clarification of the subject)

2- Projected materials

A. Overhead projector: it is very simple machine with few components requiring

special maintenance procedures such as keeping it as clean as possible.

To prolong the life of the lamp allow it to cool before moving the projector, and move the

projector with care.

Advantage :1.can be used for a large audience

2.Presenter facing audience.3.Easy to prepare.

4.It’s a very simple machine.Disadvantage :

•Electricity required•Equipment for making

transparencies are expensive•Usually restricted to teacher use.

B.Slide and slide projector: the term slide refers to a small- format photographic

transparency . The size is 2x2 inches or 5x5cm.

Advantages:B. It's easy to produce your own slides.

C. The automatic projectors allow the presenter to remain at the front of the room.

D. Easily to handle itE. Can be used for small and large group.

F. More flexible than filmstrips or other fixed sequent materials.

Disadvantage1. Electricity Required

2. Equipment for making slides are expensive

3. They can easily become disorganized 4. Sides are susceptible to accumulation of

dust and finger prints.5. Careless storage or handling can easily

lead to permanent damage.

LCD (Liquid-Crystal Display) Projector is a type of video projector  for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It

is a modern equivalent of the slide projector or overhead projector.

Advantages :1.Can be used for a large and small audience

2.Presenter facing audience.3.Easy to prepare.

Disadvantages:-Electricity Required.

-Usually restricted to teacher use

Factors to consider in making final media

1- Preparation costs.2- Time to prepare.

3- Maintenance and storage.4- Students preference.

5- Instructors preference.

Support ServicesIntroduction

Once the actual instruction, teaching learning activities and resources has been planned then a attention should be given to some number of services necessary to support the instruction. These services are:

1.Budget:All new programs require funds to get started.

Any institution interested in supporting its instructional program must provide money

for development and implementation of the program. We need money during the

preparation and implementation of the program.

A- During the preparation of the program, workshop and lesson plan we need money for

1- Preparation of instructional materials including transparencies and multiple copies.

2- Development of evaluation tools to evaluate the learner and program.

3- Cost for tryouts, including consumable materials, as insulin syringes

4- Administration cost, as telephone, and overhead projector.

B-During implementation of the program1.faculty and staff salaries

2.consumable and damaged materials3.maintenance of equipment

4.overhead charges for facilities and services

2. Facilities: a- room for presentation to group of

average (40) b- Small room for meeting.

c- Staff meeting and working room.

3. Material:a- Preparing graphic.

b- Taking pictures.c- Making slides.d- Video taping.

e- Tape recorder.4. Equipment:

Decisions about equipment usually depend on your choice of materials.

•Computer & LCD.•Recorder•Camera•Video

5. Personal servicesa.Instructor or teacher

b.Instructional designer (this person must be experienced with the instructional design

process and know about teaching learning methods

c.Evaluation specialist • formative Evaluation (during program)

• summative evaluation (at the end of the program)

d.Secretary to handle all office work including typing, and correspondence.

6. Time and schedules.

To do schedule for all participant.