Institute of high value forest

1. background

why deforestation or forest degradation

Deforestation for additional foodExcessive exploitation of wood fuelExcessive exploitation of forest resourceHarvest of leaf mouldForest fireDamage by outbreak of insect

Influence of deforestation Serious erosion of soilDeclining water holding capacityCatastrophic effect of flooding Decrease of agriculture productivity

in downward

National policy of governmentRehabilitation of deforested mountains with high value trees

Mandate of forest researchers and land managersRural people’s needs(food, fuel)Sustainable forest management

How to harmony

Addition food + forest rehabilitation➡ Agro-forestry with high value species

Wood fuel + forest rehabilitation➡ Short rotation cultivation with high

productivity species

Agro-forestry is the intentional inclusion of woody perennials

within farming system

Agro-forestry as sustain forest management

Achievement and constraint in AF study

Achievements AF species, duration, patterns, economic efficiency, interaction between tree and crop, productivity of fruit and soil protect

It enable policy makers and rural farmers acceptable

ConstraintsNo indicators, criteria and verification for forest carbon sequestration in AF to be incentive rural farmers and contribute climate change

It unable rural farmers to overcome economic difficulty in establishment of AF system

Project objectTo establish sustainable forest management (AF with forest carbon offset) for rural people to accept and contribute to mitigation of climate change

Outcomes and outputs

1. Outcome-Capacity buildingOutput 1

20 of experts trained in abroadOutput 2

Training materials for rural peopleOutput 3

Forest managers, officers, rural people trained through interior training

2. Outcome-estabilishing AF with forest carbon offset building

Output 1criteria and list of forest carbon offset(FCO)

Output 2short rotation woody bio-fuel

cultivation systemOutput 3

integrated pest management

3. Outcome- demonstrating sitesOutput 1

establishment of demonstrating site AF with forest carbon offset

Output 2 establishment of demonstrating site for short rotation woody bio-fuel cultivation system

Output 3 establishment of demonstrating site for integrated pest management

National partnersSoil Science Institue, Botany Institute,

Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Land And Environment Protect, Forest Boards in National, Provincial, County, Individual Level, Several plantations of AFS.

Executive InstituteAcademy of forest science (AFS)

During the last few decades, Academy of Forest Science (AFS) have invested many efforts in developing agro-forestry (AF), as sustainable forest management, in resulting many successes including selection of high value AF species, identification of best crop-tree models, protecting soil erosion, increasing biodiversity and etc. Academy of Forest Science is developing “Forest Carbon Offset” program in AF in order to overcome rural people’s economic difficult and contribute to climate change. To make the program more reliable and transparent, AFS must identify criteria and lists of forest carbon sequestration according to species, density, regions and ages for registration, verification, and validation in “Forest Carbon Offset” program, and establish theoretical and practical base.AFS is also studying about short-rotation woody bio-fuels and integrated pest management to protect damage of forest.

Selecting course of typical Agro-Forestry SpeciesParticipatory tree species selection Identify of AF species in field, listing, grading,

48 AF species, development AF cultivation pattern

Selection of typical AF species through statistical analysis

Statistical analysis, testing, demonstrating in field

Achievement of AF study Selection of AF speciesIdentification of AF cultivation patternsInteraction between tree and cropDiversification of cropsConservation cultivationEffect of soil protect

Selected Typical AF SpeciesAronia melanocarpa Duration 15~20 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit

value

Castanea crenata Duration 7~10 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit

value

pinus koraiensis Duration 10~15 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit

value

Larix kaempferi Duration 3~5 years - high capacity for soil protection and high timber

value

Massive propagation technique of typical AF species

Propagation by bud grafting of chestnutPropagation by seed of Aronia

AF patterns acceptable by rural farmersLong, short term according to AF periodtree+crop, tree+medical plant, tree+fodderline, strip, group

Bio-ecological Characters of AroniaShrub with 2~3m height

Fruit production from 3rd year

No separation of characters in seed reproduction, easy cutting and cultivation

Not so high demand for soil quality

High resistance to cold weather and to pest

Aronia Fruit – Raw Material for Health Promoting FoodsIngredients of Aronia fruit(per 100g of crude fruit)

Anthocyan 5900mg Catechin 870mg

Flavonol 360mg Vitamin C 55mg

β Carotene 2.0mg Polyene acid 0.1mg

Vitamin E 1.5mg Vitamin P 2600mg

Effects of tonic, fatigue relief and senility prevention

Functional improvement in brain, heart and genital organs, acceleration of erythrocyte formation

Crude fruit, injection, extract, tea, jelly, brandy, soft drinks

Scope of Distribution and Cultivation for Aronia

Altitude: lower than 800m above sea level

Low demand for soil, water and temperature, cultivated in all eco-zones with annual rainfall of 500mm, and 1 550 ℃ of accumulated growth temperature

Cultivation trial of 30ha-scale underway at experimental station for economic forest in Yontan County of North Hwanghae Province, introduced in 7 project counties in North Hwanghae Province

• line/strip type

• space between trees 1m,• the space can be regulated between 4 and10m according to inclination.

Type 1 2 3

Space between lines (m)

3 4 5

Space between trees (m)

3.3 2.5 2

Density (Plants/ha) 1010 1000 1000

Cultivation types for Aronia

Aronia AF model

Advantage of Aronia AFLow-level competition

against crop for light and nutrition

High fruit value (5~7kg/plant at 8th year)

15~20 years of AF duration

Low cultivation cost

Rapid effect in prevention of land loss at sloping lands

Recommendations from ResearchAronia AF can serve as a way-out for long-term food

security bare sloping lands at densely-populated areas.

Aronia AF enables mixed AF for its high rooting rate, high planting density and rapid land protection effect. (pinut ＋ aronia ＋ soybean).

Aronia AF is an efficient AF type with rapid and high fruit value and larger crop cultivation duration.

Aronia AF should be coincided with knowledge transfer for cultivation to local population.

Bio-ecological Characters of ChestnutBroad- and falling-leaved arbor

growing higher than 5m

Fruit production between 4th and 10th year with safe fruit production until 20th year.

Large scale reproduction through grafting

Chestut, as an indegenuos species, has dry-tolerance and well growth even on barren land

Utility of ChestnutDelicious nutritional food

Timber used for stock, ship-building, tie plate for bridge and wheel for hardness and resistance to moisture and decomposition

Usage in forestation of bare mountains for high vitality in draught and poor fertility

Scope of Distribution and Cultivation of Chestnut

As a native species, chestnut has low demands for soil fertility and climatic conditions, which enables the plant to grow in every eco-zone except those higher than 800m above sea level.

Chestnut AF is under cultivation trials at Unjon County of North Pyongan Province and Wonsan City of Kangwon Province and has been introduced into project sites in North Hwanghae Province.

Advantage of Chestnut AFHigh fruit value (2t/ha at 8th

year)7~10 years of AF durationLow cultivation costRapid effect for land loss

prevention at sloping landsTraditional cultivation

techniques mastered by local population

Recommendations from researchChestnut AF can serve as a way-out to short-term food

security in bare sloping lands with high population density and to long-term income increase.

Chestnut AF can improve livelihood of local people without huge investment since chestnut is a species easily cultivated at mountainous areas.

Chestnut AF is an easily applicable AF type for chestnut has been cultivated traditionally.

Chestnut AF is promoted by national policy of expanding chestnut forest.

Bio-ecological Characters of Pine-nut Needle-leaf tree with 2~3m height at 10th year

and 30m height at 100th year

Fruit production after 15~20 years

Large-scale reproduction by seed and grafting

Demand for sandy-loamy soil with good drainage and air flow

Characteristics of growing in population

Pine-nut AF is under cultivation trials in Rinsan County of North Hwanghae Province, Kanggye City and Hwapyong County of Chagang Province, and has been introduced into project sites in North Hwanghae Province.

Bio-ecological Characters of Japanese Larch Needle-leaf tree with height

of 40m

Used as timber after 15 years

large-scale reproduction by seed and branch cutting

Low demand for soil fertility

Scope of Distribution and Cultivation for Japanese Larch

Japanese larch grows in every eco-zone of DPRK up to 40°30′ of north latitude.

It grows in eco-zones with altitude lower than 800~1000mabove sea level.

Japanese Larch AF is under cultivation trials at Wonsan City of Kangwon Province and Suan County of Hwanghae Province and has been introduced into project sites in North Hwanghae Province.

Recommendations from researchJapanese larch AF can serve as a way-out to afforest

bare sloping land with contribution to long-term food security.

Japanese larch AF can serve as a way-out for short-term food security at felled forest or reforested areas.

Japanese larch AF enables AF at areas with high soil erosion for the plant has rapid land protection effect with its high rooting rate and high planting density.

In Japanese larch AF, when the canopy disables AF, multi canopy forest of trees at different ages should be established with trees planted in the space.

Thank for your attention