RestrictedTerminal ReportUN DP/SAU/72/003 SAUDI ARABIA

Institute for Applied Geology,Jeddah

Project FindingsandRecommendations

Serial No. FMR/SC/OPS/78/216 (UNDP)

United NationsDevelopmentProgramme

United Nations Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganization

Paris, 1978

Institute for Applied Geology, Jeddah

Project Findings and Recommendations

S A U D I A R A B I A

United lTationsDevelopmentProgramme

Report prepared for the Governmentof Saudi Arabia bythe United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organiza­tion (Unesco) acting asExecuting Agency forthe United Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP)

United Nations Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganization

Terminal ReportUlIDP!SAU/72j003FMP!SC/OPS/78/216 (UNDP)11 April 1978

i() Unesco 1978Printed in France

SAU/72/003

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraphs

I.

II.

IETRODUCTION

Background ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Objectives ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Outline of official arrangements ••••••••••••••••

STATUS AT END OF PHASE I

Training programme and curricula ••••••••••••••••Enrolment and graduation ••••••••••••••••••••••••Staff position ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

(1 6)

1 34

5 6

(7 15)

7 1213 14

15

staff ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36

Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16

Ill.

IV.

IMPLEMENTATION AND N»l DEVELOPMENTS

Present institutional framework •••••••••••••••••Fields of specialization ••••••••••••••••••••••••Degrees offered •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Curriculum ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Equipment, library and buildings•••••••••••••••••

ASSESs.M'ENT

( 16

17232732

37

50)

22263135

CONCLUSI OH AND RECOMMENDATI OHS

Recommendations •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Graduation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Research ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

V.

APPENDICES

Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5258

(60

63

515759

68)

68

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C

APPENDIX D

APPENDIX E

APPENDIX F

APPENDIX G

List of Unesco Experts, Associates and Consultants

List of Counterpart staff

Student Enrolment and Graduate Output

Programmes of Study

Course Descriptions

Research Bibliography: Institute for Applied Geology

Nature and Fields of Research at the Institute forApplied Geology

I.

TERMINAL REPORT

Institute for Applied Geology, Jeddah

INTRODUCTION

Background

1. The present Phase 11 of project SAU/72/003 is an expansion of Phase I·of the UNDP-assisted project SAU/69/523 "Centre for Applied Geology" (CAG),currently known as the Institute of Applied Geology (IAG). The general backgroundagainst which the continuation of the project was considered remained 'unchangedfrom that outlined in the introduction to the original Government Request in 1969.However, during the last two years of Phase I, it was recognized that three factorshad begun to assume an increasing importance in the economy of the country. Thesewere:

(a) exploration and development of non-metallic mineral deposits;(b) explorat ion and development of groundwater resources;(c) investigation of ground conditions for planning and cons­

truction of civil engineering works.

2. To give these factors due attention a re-evaluation of the overallaims of the project become necessary. As a step in this direction, and in orderto provide a basis for planning future activities, a survey of the needs fortraining geologists was conducted by a UNDP/Unesco consultant. Subsequent sur­veys were carried out to ascertain the maximum and minimum requirements in termsof staff, equipment and space needed to introduce training and develop research inthe fields of, among others, exploration of non-metallic mineral resources, hydro­geology, engineering geology, and marine and petroleum geology. Based on theresults of these surveys, the Executive Committee of the project decided to requestthe UNDP and the Government to:

(a) include in the project's objectives training and research innon-metallic mineral resources exploration, hydrogeology andengineering geology;

(b) continue the project beyond Phase I, given that without suchextension, even partial achievement of its objectives wasimpossible.

3. Accordingly, Phase 11 of the project was started in September 1973,with emphasis on training and research in the fields of mineral resources (metalliCand non-metallic deposits), hydrogeology and engineering geology. '

• This was the subject of an Interim Report (ref. INT/Unesco/UNDP SAU/69/523 ofAugust 1973).

-2-

Objectives

4. The project as described in the project document for Phase 11, wasmeant to serve as a post-graduate programme for training and research with the ~1:.m

of creating a nucleus of national specialists capable of participating in thedevelopment of the country's natural resources. The main objectives were:

(a) organization of post-graduate courses in applied geology, witha preparatory stage of training on geological mapping, leadingto an M.Sc. degree in mineral exploration, hydrogeology orengineering geology;

(b) creation of a team of research workers in the above fields ofapplied geology;

(c) training of a number of counterpart specialists who would beresponsible for continued operations at the Centre after UNDPassistance had ceased;

(d) carrying out of short-term applied research in co-ordinationwith on-going surveys;

(e) training of technicians in fields related to applied geology.

Outline of official arrangements

5. The project document for Phase 11 was signed by UNDP and Unesco on11 July 1974 and by the Government on 27 August 1974. The duration of the projectwas initially four years,starting 1 September 1973, but an extension to the endof 1978 was being negotiated at the time of writing this report. The projectdocument provided for Saudi Government contribution of SR 14,834,684 (localcurrency) and a UNDP contribution of US$ 1,339,450. However, in view of thefinancial difficulties faced by UNDP during the life of the project, the Govern­ment covered all bUdgetary shortages in cash and kind so that full implementationof the project was achieved. Accordingly, all equipment originally scheduled inthe project document for Phase 11 was purchased from Government funds.

6. Unesco was designated as the Executing Agency and the Ministry ofPetroleum and Mineral Resources as the Government Co-operating Agency. Accordingto the agreement, the Government provided the national personnel, trainingfacilities, land, bUilding, equipment, and other required services and facilities.The UNDP supplemented the Government participation by providing, through theExecuting Agency, Unesco, the required expert services within the funds madeavailable to the project.

II. STATUS AT END OF PHASE I

Training programme and curricula

7. The post-graduate training provided by the Centre for Applied Geologyduring Phase I consisted of two parts: an initial stage (Phase A) consisting oftwo semesters of course work and one semester of field mapping, and a specializedtraining stage (Phase B) consisting of two semesters of course work followed by athesis research programme. All students were required to follow the initial stageand the successful candidates were awarded the Advanced Diploma in Geology. Thespecialization stage of the programme was open only to those students of high

- 3 -

academic standing who had passed the initial stage with honours. On successfulcompletion of the specialization stage students were awarded a Master of ScienceDegree in Applied Geology.

8. As stated above, the initial stage was devoted to courses, laboratoryexercises and field work in general geology and geological mapping. It consistedof 27 credit hours, equivalent to 14 courses and field training, in addition to14 credit hours for mapping and preparation of a geological report, i.e., a totalof 41 credit hours required for the Advanced Diploma in Geology.

9. In the case of specialization in Mineral Exploration, the programmeconsisted of 30 credit hOurs, equivalent to eight courses and field demonstrations,in addition to six credit hours for independent field work and thesis preparation,i.e., a total of 36 credit hours required for the Master of Science in AppliedGeology.

10. Specializations in Hyd,rogeology and Engineering Geology had not yetbeen introduced. However, a group of students intending to specialize in Hydro­geology were admitted to the initial stage of the programme in late 1972.

11. The details of curriculum and course descriptions offered during thesetwo stages of the programme appear in the Interim Report on Phase I of the project,SAU/69/523, dated August 1973.

12. In addition to post-graduate training and research, the Centre forApplied Geology offered a two-year Geology Technician Training Programme leadingto a Diploma.

Enrolment and graduation

13. At the end of Phase I, a total of 25 students who wanted to specializein Mineral Exploration (first two groups) had successfully completed the initialstage of the programme and were awarded the Advanced Diploma. Eight more students,five of whom asked to specialize in Mineral Exploration and three in Hydrogeology,were admitted to the programme in September 1972, but were not able to completethe Advanced Diploma requirements until January 1974. Twenty students specializingin Mineral Exploration started their M.Sc. programme in October 1971 and September1972, but were only able to graduate during the Second Phase of the project,(see Appendix C).

14. In addition, 16 students completed Geology Technician Training Pro-grammes and were awarded their Diploma in June 1972 and June 1973. At the end ofPhase I two more students had not completed their training and were only able toobtain their Diploma in June 1974.

staff position

15. All the teaching was carried out by Unesco experts and associateexperts whose number had grown to seven and two respectively by the end of Phase I.In view of the fact that the Centre for Applied Geology was not able to recruitnational counterparts, with the exception of the director, five "acting" counter­parts were appointed and these were selected from among the best graduate studentsat the Centre.

-4-

IU. IMPLEMENTATION AND mM DEVELOPMENTS

Introduction

16. In view of the rapidly growing activity of the IAG during the past fout'years (1973/77) which was mainly due to the increasing number of students andstaff, it was found necessary, for the successful implementation of the Institute'saims and objectives, to:

(a) redefine the overall institutional frAmework, and create newdepartments;

(b) reformulate the scope of the fields of specialization;

(c) revise the main concepts of the degrees offered at the IAG andintroduce Ph.D. and B. Sc. programmes in applied geology;

(d) undertake progressive revisions of the overall curriculum andintroduce new courses;

(e) promote the field and laboratory equipment, library and build­ings.

Present institutional framework

17. The Centre for Applied Geology (CAG) was previously linked, academically,to the College of Petroleum and Minerals (CPM) in Dhahran and received logisticassistance from the Directorate-General of Mineral Resources (DGMR) in Jeddah.Through a Government order issued in 1975, the CAG was attached to King AbdulazizUniversity in Jeddah t and subsequently its name was changed to the Institute ofApplied Geology (IAG).

18. The Institute of Applied Geology is at present an autonomous institu-tion operating under the direction of its Dean. The overall policy is the respons­ibility of the Council of King Abdulaziz University, composed of university facultydeans and headed by the Rector. The IAG is represented on the University Councilby its Dean who brings to Council's attention major organizational and administra­tive matters of which it should be informed or concerning which it should takedecisions.

19. The IAG Board, headed by the Dean, and including the heads of depart-ments, is responsible for organizing and following up the overall research andteaching policy of the Institute. The IAG departments are: Economic Geology;Engineering Geology; Geochemistry; Geophysics; Hydrogeology; Mathematics;Petrology and Mineralogy; Sedimentology; and Structural, Field and Photogeology.The IAG staff includes nationals, expatriates and Unesco specialists working asan integrated team within the departmental system. Tutors are also assigned toeach group of students to permit close follow-up of their progress in both theircourses and research studies. Supervisors are selected from amongst the IAG staffto guide and supervise the. students in their research work.

20. The IAG established an Editing Board with responsibility for producingand publishing research material currently developed at the IAG by students andstaff. Two types of publications are edited by the IAG: they are the IAG ResearchSeries and the IAG Scientific Bulletin.

-5-

21. The King Abdulaziz University Council, upon the recommendation of theIAG Board, has the final decision concerning the awarding of the Advanced Diploma,M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in applied geology. In turn, the IAG Board must ensurethat the requirements of the programme have been successfully met.

22. The IAG reflects the rules and regulations adopted by King AbdulazizUniversity, both administratively and academically, in all matters pertaining tostudents' admission, degree requirements and graduation. In other words, theIAG operates completely within the governmental framework, while retaining itsmain objectives, duties and activities as originally outlined in the first pro­ject document for the creation of the Institute.

Fields of specialization

23. Three specialization options are offered at the post-graduate levelat the IAG: Mineral Resources, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology. The pro­gramme of each consists of course work, field training and a thesis.

24. - Mineral resources: The programme in mineral resources is especiallypromising for the economy of the Kingdom because of the large unexplored ArabianShield where favourable conditions for ore occurrences are already known toexist. Since the main purpose of this specialization in the Institute is totrain graduate geology student s in the various geological, geophysical and geo­chemical methods of prospect ion for new ore deposits, as well as in the modernfield and laboratory techniques necessary for the study of existing mining dis­tricts and prospects, it was found more appropriate to change the name of thisoption from mineral exploration to the broader term of mineral resources.Detailed geological mapping, and mineralogical and geochemical studies on existingores will lead to better understanding of the nature and genesis of such ores,and will guide further exploration for similar ores in other areas. Instructionin these applied disciplines at the IAG takes the form of courses in classicalgeological subjects (mineralogy, petrology, structural geology~and stratigraphy)as well as in the more modern subjects of ore mineralogy, photo-geology, remotesensing and global tectonics. Other disciplines at present taught in theMineral Resources section are concerned with mineral economics, including evalua­tion of ore reserves, assessment of ore prospects and mineral technology (ore­dressing). Thus, the student acquires a thorough training in the selection of anexplorat ion area, and learns the type of ore-body to expect, the best method toprospect for it, and the assessment of its potential. Special emphasis is givento the mineral deposits (both metallic and non-metallic) of Saudi Arabia and th~neighbouring Arab countries.

25. - H,ydrogeologz: Due to urbanization, the growth of medium and large-scale industries, and the rapid expansion of irrigated agriculture in the Kingdomof Saudi Arabia, the problem of water resources management is rapidly assumingmajor proportions in the country's development programme. The course of hydro­geology now taught at the IAG offers the appropriate means for a better understandingand promotion of that science among geologists and civil engineers. Special emphasisis given to the phenomena of aridity prevailing in this part of the world. Theprogramme covers a wide spectrum of fields related to groundwater occurrence,movement, and quality. Consequently, the qualitative and quantitative aspects ofthe groundwater aquifers are dealt with as integral components for the assessmentof occurrence and the exploitation of the groundwater. The following subjects aredealt with: geohYdrology, hydrology; groundwater geology; hydrogeochemistry; and

- 6 -

geophysics along with geology, geomorpho1ogy, and mathematics.

26. ~gineering geology: Thin specialization concern8 the application ofgeology to civil and mining engineering practice. The rapid development now t~ine

place in the Kingdom requires the services of engineering geologi st s trained tomake an assessment of the sources and properties of construction materials, pro­vide an interpretation of ground conditions and identification of hazards inadvance of, and in association with, excavation and construction as applied toengineering operations such as dams, bridges, underground works, harbours,highways, etc. At the TAG, programmes can be selected to enable the student toconcentrate on some aspects of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, constructionmaterials or on the more applied aspects of engineering geology.

Degrees offered

27. - Advanced Di~: The programme leading to an Advanced Diploma isaimed essentially at provid~adequatetraining in field techniques and geo­logical mapping, particularly on the hard rock side (igneous and metamorphicrocks). The students receive refresher courses in fundamental disciplines ofgeology for a total period of three months. This is followed by two weeks offield training to enable them to put their course work into practice. Afterthe foregoing basic courses and training, the students undertake an individualstudy of an area of 20-40 Km2 in the Arabian Shield. These areas are carefullyselected to give a variety of metamorphic and igneous rocks and structural prob­lems. The duration of the individual study is two months in the field, followedby an elaboration of field data collected in the laboratory. A final report anda geological map of the area, showing the rock units and their structure are thensubmitted. The report and geological map can normally be accomplished in the twomonths following completion of the field work. Thus, the award of an AdvancedDiploma necessitates completion of 14 credit hours, comprising nine courses, andthe submission of a report equivalent in value to 14 credit hours. Appendix D,tables 1, 2 and 3, ~ show the programmes of study.

28. - Master of Science: The Master of Science programme is designed toprovide specialized training in one of the three options of applied geologymentioned above. Tt is aimed at enabling the student to apply both field andlaboratory techniques and solve problems in his field of specialization. Thecourse programme consists of 24 credit hours covered by a total of 16 coursesin two consecutive semesters of a complementary nature, of which one month isoriented towards field training in the different exploration techniques. Uponcompletion of the course work, the student is assigned an M.Sc. thesis topicof applied nature and in accordance with the country's needs. The field workcan normally be accomplished in four to six months, while the laboratory workand thesis writing generally takes eight to twelve months. The thesis carriesequal weight to the course work, i.e., 24 credit hours. Appendix D, tables 4,5 and 6, show the programmes of study relative to three options available atthe TAG.

29. - Doctor of PhilosOP1: Early in 1977 the TAG launched itr; own Ph.D.programme in applied geology, star ing with the option of mineral resources. TheDoctor of Philosophy programme is designed to produce highly qualified specialistscapable of leading research work in any of the options of applied geology offeredat TAG. The programme is limited to graduates of TAG, or of other accreditedinstitutions, who possess an r~.sc. degree in geology and who have demonstratedtheir ability to pursue postgraduate study at a higher level. The study is

-7-

designed in such a way as to enable the candidate to select ten courses, equivalentto at least 20 credit hours, among a variety of optional subjects to satisfy hisinterest and anticipated career within his major field of specialization. Thecourse programme is covered in two semesters. The thesis, which is e~~ivalent invalue to 30 credit hours, is ffilbmitted by the candidate at the end of the Doctorateprogramme; it should represent an original contribution of substance to theadvancement of learning and scholarship. It constitutes the main work in virtueof which the Ph.D. degree is awarded. Normally, the thesis research work takestwo years, and generally, but not invariably, involves a notable period of fieldwork. Appendix D (tables 7, 8 and 9) shows the progra~mes of study for the threespecializations.

30. - Bachelor of Science in Ap~lied Geology: An undergraduate programmeleading to a Bachelor Degree 1n Appl1ed eology was 1naugurated in October 1977.The reason for introducing the B.Sc. programme is two-fold; first, to satisfy thecountry's needs for applied specialists at the graduate level and secondly, toimprove student intake at the postgraduate level where, since the inception of theIAG, quality has been mixed and numbers below the target figure of twenty applicantsper year. The programme is designed to prepare graduates in four fields of appliedgeology, namely: Mineral Resources, Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology and Petro­leum Geology. Courses are set in four consecutive levels and are considered to beequivalent to four academic years. In the first two years, which are common to thefour specializations, the student attends courses equivalent to 60 credit hours in:physics (8 CR); chemistry (8 CR); mathematics (8 CR); English (4 CR); and Geology(32 CR), in addition to eight credits in Islamic culture. The last two years aredevoted to specialization and a variety of courses exist in Applied Geology fromwhich the student has to select a number of courses equivalent to a minimum of 64credit hours, of which 12 credits are devoted to a field project and submission ofa report. Field training is an integral and complementary part of the B.Sc. pro­gramme.

31. - Diploma in Technician Training Programme: The Institute offers atwo-year Geology Technician Training Programme leading to a Technician Diploma.This programme is designed to produce laboratory and field geology technicians.The first year consists of two semesters, during which a series of lectures,laboratory and field training is offered to give a broad background in geologicaland related sciences. In the second year, the student gets a full year of prac­tical training in one of the following options: petrographical and chemicaltechniques, including preparation of thin and polished sections; general geologyand geological prospect ion; geophysics and ~eying; or draughting and photography.

Curriculum

32. In view of these changes in both the scope of the fields of specializa-tion and the degrees offered, it was found necessary to undertake periodic revisionsof the overall curriculum relative to course description, academic weight of eachcourse, and the introduction of new courses and topics. Accordingly, the numberof courses at the postgraduate level increased from the twenty-two scheduledduring Phase I to the present eighty-six. These courses have been designed bothin the light of the background of students entering IAG, and the local enviromnentaland geological conditions prevailing in the country. Most of the courses offeredat the Diploma level are fairly elementary and are meant to be refresher courseswhile the M.Sc. and Ph.D. courses, on the other hand, are specialized and advanced,and are mostly of an applied nature.

-8-

33. The breakdown of the number of courses developed by the various IAGdepartments is as follows: Structural, Field and PhotOTIOlOgy (7); Petrology andMineralogy (7); Economic Geology (11); Sedimentology (4 ; Geochemistry (9); Geo­physics (8); Hydrogeology (18); Engineering Geology (16 ; and Mathematics (6).Appendix E contains a description of the courses and their credits. The Diplomacourses are numbered (500) series, the M.Sc. courses bear (600) series and thoseof the Ph.D. are given (700) series.

34. At the undergraduate level, the IAG has developed 72 courses coveringfour options of specialization, namely: Mineral Resources, Engineering Geology,Hydrogeology and Petroleum Geology. A description of these courses does not appearin the present report as the first academic year of the undergraduate programmeonly started in October 1977.

35. Full details regarding the academic regulations, enrolment and degreerequirements, and course descriptions at all levels of the IAG programmes are foundin the three IAG Handbooks on graduate, undergraduate and technical programmeswhich are published annually by the IAG.

staff

36. The IAG staff increased considerably in 1976 and 1977, reaching atotal number of 23 instructors, including six Unesco experts, in addition to elevenlecturers, two being Unesco associate experts. The IAG is giving top priority toits recruitment policy in order to ensure the employment of high quality staff andcompetent personnel capable of conducting efficiently the teaching, training andresearch activities at the lAG. Appendices A and B contain lists of all IAG staffand their specializations.

Equipment, library and building

37. The Institute acquired a considerable amount of field and laboratoryequipment in the 1973-1977 period. The following brief account is meant to high­light the main aspects of these facilities.

- Field equipment

38. Since the Institute lays great emphasis on field work, four-wheelvehicles, water trucks, tents, generators, etc. are available for field trainingprogrammes, as well as for research field work carried out by graduate studentsand by staff members. Field facilities are shared by the three specializations,i.e. Mineral Resources, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology. This is also the casefor surveying equipment, which includes instruments for topographic surveying andlevelling, and photogeology facilities comprising portable and laboratory stereo­scopes, as well as a complete photomosaic coverage of the Arabian Shield.

39. Geophysical field equipment includes portable vertical componentmagnetometers, instruments for measurement of electrical resistivity, time-domaininduced polarization, self potential, shallow seismic refraction and electromagneticfield. Also available are gravimeters, total-eount scintillometers, and a differen­tial spectrometer. All students learn to use the geophysical instruments duringa training period, and some make extensive use of them during their thesis work.

-9-

40. Engineering Geology field facilities include auger and core samplingdevices, standard penetration testing equipment, hand vane, and density testingequipment.

41• Hydrogeology field instruments include electrical sounders, pressureeauges, flow meters and electrical conductivity meters. Pumping tests are normally­conducted on wells already existing in the research areas. The on-going drillingsof test wells and bore holes operated by other organizations during the students'field work are made available to the IAG researchers for sampling and testing.

Laboratory equipment

42. Economic geology laboratories:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(e)

(f)

'Ore-Microscopy Students Laboratory' - mainly used for teachingM.Sc. and Ph.D. students. This is equipped with 20 Leitz SMPOL ore-microscopes suitable for both incident and transmittedlight.

'Or~icroscopyResearch Laboratory' - used for research workcarried out by students and staff. It is equipped with threeOrtholux Leitz ore microscopes, one Nicon ore microscope,electronic camera equipment, Leitz Durimat microhardnesstester, and Leitz photo-microscope equipped with electronicphoto-multiplier and photometer for accurate measurements ofreflectivity of ore-minerals, also two Leitz binoculars.

'Mineral Separation Laboratory' - equipped with two FrantzIsody'namic separators, sieving, and heavy liquids separationfacilities, crusher, etc.

'X-ray Diffraction Laboratory' - equipped with two X-raydiffraction units; a Philips W-1030 unit and a Japanese JEOLunit. The former unit is supplied with Debye-Schairrer cameras,Guinier camera, and diffractometer, while the latter unit isfor diffractometer work only. A complete set of ASTM indexcards, and in microfiche, is available.

'Polished Section Laboratory' - equipped with one stellpoStruers and two Kent MK2 polishing machines for preparation ofpolished sections of high quality. Preparation of these pol­ished sections is needed for both the current research work,and for building up a teaching collection, particularly ofores of Saudi Arabia. Index cards giving adequate descriptionsof each sample are prepared by the teaching staff.

The 'Determinative Ore~UneralogyLaboratory' is being graduallybuilt up. It will include facilities for microchemical tests;etching and staining techniques, and pyrognostics, as well asa research laboratory for deformation and fluid-inclusionsstudies.

Geochemical laboratories

43. The geochemistry department is fully equipped with up-to-date labora-tories for determination of both major (total rock analysis) and trace elements inrocks, ores and separated minerals. These include:

(b)

44·mentioned, the

(a)

- 10 -

(a) 'X-ray Fluorescence Laboratory' - equipped with a PhilipsX-ray fluorescence npectrometer.

(b) 'Atomic Absorption Laboratory' - equipped with two atomi.cabsorption spectrometers (Hitachi and Parkin-Elmer).

(c) 'Wet-ehemical Laboratory' - for determination of PH cationexchange capacity, soluble salts, etc.

(d) 'Grating Spectrograph Laboratory' - equipped with a Jarrel-Ash1.5 inch grating spectrograph.

Geophysical laboratories

In addition to the full range of geophysical field equipment previouslyfollowing laboratories are also available:

'Electronic Maintenance Laboratory' - established mainly forthe purpose of maintenance of geophysical field equipment.Besides the electrician employed by IAG, it is planned toappoint an electronic engineer to take care of calibrationand adjustment of sophisticated instruments at the IAG.

'Geophysical Rock Property Laboratory' - equipped for measuringphysical properties of rocks and for magnetic and palaeomagneticmeasurement of Saudi Arabian rocks.

Mineralogy and petrology laboratories

45. These are well equipped for the preparation of thin sections, and formicroscopic examination of rocks and minerals in transmitted light. A 'clay­mineralogical laboratory' for identification of clay minerals by DifferentialThermal Analysis and infra-red spectroscopy is being equipped.

Photogeology laboratory

46. This laboratory is equipped with facilities for the analysis andinterpretation of airphotos for application to mineral exploration, groundwaterand engineering geology.

Engineering geology laboratory

47. This laboratory has facilities for testing the fundamental propertiesand behaviour of soil, rocks and aggregates. Determinations of grain size,Atterberg limits, permeability, consolidation, unconfined compression, anddirect-shear tests are carried out on soil samples. A triaxial soil--testingmachine is on order. The laboratory is also well-equipped for testing the proper­ties of aggregates, including specific gravity, absorption, flakiness, elongation,roundness, and determination of aggregate impact value, aggregate crushing value,polished stone value, and Los Angeles abrasion. Rock and concrete--testing e~lip­

ment includes uniaxial and triaxial testing apparatus, point loader, and stakedurability apparatus.

- 11 -

Hydrogeology laboratory

48. This laboratory has facilities for the determination of porosity,permeability, and grain size of water-bearing formations. Chemical analyses forwater are made in the geochemical laboratory. It is planned to establish labora­tories for the study of the ground\'later movement using various models and forhydrogeochemistry.

Library

49. The Institute maintains a good library collection to serve the needsof the expanding teaching and research programmes. At the end of 1977, thelibrary contained 6,000 volumes of books, technical reports, theses, documentsand bound scientific journals. The library subscribes to more than 100 journalson geology, hydrogeology, mineral resources and engineering geology.

Buildings

50. In February 1977 the Institute moved to a new two-storey prefabricatedbuilding in the King Abdulaziz University Campus. However, a part of the oldbuilding was kept as all facilities cannot be housed in the present building.Two more building units are to be added to the present building. The work isunder way and it is expected that the additional buildings will be ready late 1978.Dormitories and offices are also available to post-graduate students.

IV. ASSESSMENT

Introduction

51. Progress over the past eight years is directly" linked to the IAGt soutput both in terms of quality and quantity, i.e. the number of IAG graduatesand the importance of the research work accomplished by the students.

Graduation

Advanced Diploma in Geology

52. By October 1977 a total of 62 students had completed the requirementsand were awarded the Advanced Diploma. Of this number, 37 students completedtheir work during the present Phase 11. Moreover, eight students were workingtowards the Advanced Diploma and were expected to present their theses bySeptember 1978.

Master of Science in Applied Geology

53. In the case of the Master of Science programme, 26 students havealready obtained their M.Sc. degree and six more were expected to complete theirdegree requirements by the end of 1977 or early 1978, bringing the total to 32students, including 25 students in mineral exploration, five in hydrogeology andtwo in engineering geology. In addition, 22 students were preparing M.Sc. thesesand their course work was at different stages of progress.

- 12 -

Doctor of PhilosophY in Applied Geology

54. The first group of five students started their Ph.D. programme inmineral resources in January 1911 and were expected to complete their course workon 1 February 1918. This group of students will then start research work, whichthey should complete in 1919 when they will present their theses.

Bachelor of Science in Applied Geology

55. The B.Sc. programme in applied geology, inaugurated in October 1911,admitted a total of 33 students in the first academic year. Specializations werestill undefined in October 1911, as these courses will start only in the thirdacademic year.

Technician Diploma

56. In the case of the technician training programme which began atthe inception of the Institute, 42 students have been awarded a Technician Diploma,of whom 26 graduated during the present Phase 11. Moreover, in October 1911, 23IAG students were working towards completion of their technical training.

51. A summary of student enrolment and graduate output at all levels, sincethe inception of the IAG, is given in Appendix C.

Research

58. Research activity at IAG is mainly connected with thesis work carriedout by graduate students, in partial fulfilment of their degree requirements,under the supervision of the faculty. The selection of thesis areas and topicshas essentially been the responsibility of the IAG Board, in certain cases in con­sultation with the Directorate-General of Mineral Resources (DGMR), United StatesGeological Survey (USGS) and Ministries of Agriculture and Water and Communications.Accordingly, the results of investigations conducted by the students are helpful insolving actual problems.

59. In view of the voluminous amount of research work, which totals 56 reportsfor the Advanced Diploma and 30 theses for the M.Sc. degree, submitted at the IAG,it is not possible to include in the present report the scientific conclusionsreached. However, these are included in the Technical Report (Serial No. FMR/SC/OPS/18/211 (UNDP». A complete bibliography of all research work carried out at IAGby the students and staff appears in Appendix F, while a brief analysis of thefields of research covered is provided in Appendix G.

• Those interested in the detailed aspects of all scientific work, included in theoriginal texts, should consult the TAG Bulletins and Research Series.

v.

-13-

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

60. The Institute began its'activities with the assistance of UNDP/Unescoin 1971 in a rented private house with the most elementary equipment. Over thefollowing eight years it has expanded into an impressive institution fully equippedwith modern field and laboratory equipment, a library and many other teaching andresearch facilities, and located in a modern building on the campus of King Abdul­aziz University in Jeddah. Construction of two more buildings is foreseen by theend of 1978. The introduction of the Ph.D. and undergraduate programmes, as wellas the continued revision of the curricula, have made of the IAG an integrated andwell-established institution serving a three-fold purpose: teaching, training andresearch in applied geology.

61. The research work carried out by IAG graduates has been judged atfaculty level and by external examiners as being of good to excellent quality and,in many cases, above the average standard encountered in most internationally­recognized universities at M.Sc. level. These graduates have found professionalposts in the country's specialized sectors where their services are much appre­ciated. Moreover, their research studies at the Institute are being publishedin the IAG Research Series and in Scientific Bulletins which have a wide internaland external distribution.

62. In conclusion, it is clear that the project has successfully realizedits main objectives and that the IAG is now considered a high-level specialized,scientific institution which plays a pioneering, and increasingly important,educational role in the Arab World and the Middle East.

Recommendations

63. Given the present research facilities at IAG, in the form of scientistsand almost complete laboratory facilities, the IAG should be encouraged to renderconsulting services and help other agencies dealing with mining and mineralresources, growth industries (in particular steel, cement, refractories), ground­water and water resources and conservation, and engineering geology in solvingspecific problems. This can be done through a project contract agreed upon by IAGand the agency concerned. The main concept of this proposal is to enable the IAGto benefit from national development and activities in the fields of appliedgeology, which could in themselves offer valuable material and data for the researchwork of both staff and students.

64. In view of the fact that applications for participation in the regularIAG post-graduate programmes remain limited (itself a function of the still smallnumber of Saudi geologists employed in the country and who once appointed, arenot always released by their employer for further training), it is recommendedthat short training courses and seminars, dealing with selected topics of immediateinterest, be organized and implemented.

65. This recommendation should further be developed to include a specializeddiploma in specific applied disciplines currently needed by geologists who cannotbe released by their employers to undertake the regular academic programmes avail­able at the IAG or elsewhere, for the M.Sc. and Ph.D. The specialized diplomacourse of one year's duration could include courses, training and individual report­ing. The specializations covered could be: applied geophysics, applied geochemistry,economic geology, petroleum geology, groundwater evaluation, engineering hydrology,

- 14 -

soil mechanics, construction materials, and remote sensing. Such a specializeddiploma would certainly be of interest to many geologists who want to improve theirprofessional level without preparing for advanced academic degrees.

66. In line with the proposal of the Saudi delegation during the SecondArab Conference on Mineral Resources (Jeddah, 1974) and the resultant decision asconfirmed later by the Third Conference (Rabat, 1977), the IAG should be trans­formed into a regional institution. The scientific and training services offeredby this Institute would certainly meet definite regional requirements and needsand would prOVide an impetus to movement now going on in Arab countries to unifytheir university educational programmes. The transformation of the JAG into aregional institution should therefore be actively encouraged as it can be easilyeffected and the expense involved could be covered solely from Saudi funds, withpossible technical co-operation and advice from ALECSO,· or Unesco.

67. As an ancillary measure, it is imperative that the country's programmerelative to Fellowships in Applied Geology be oriented towards the IAG, at leastat the M.Sc. level. For one thing, such a policy will enable fellows to becomebetter acquainted with the geological and environmental conditions prevailing intheir own country, besides which their research work can help lead to a betterunderstanding of these same conditions.

68. The IAG should organize more conferences along the lines of thepresent regional geologic symposium on 'Evolution and Mineralization of theArabian-Nubian Shield', held under its auspices at King Abdulaziz University inFebruary 1978. These conferences should relate to topics falling within the IAG'sfields of activity.

• Arab Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization

SAU/72/003(Phase 11 ­beginning1.9.1973 )

APPENDIX A

List of Unesco Experts, Associates and Consultants

NRJIle of ExpertAssociate/Con­sultant

Country ofOrigin

Field ofSpecialization

Durat ion of ContractFrom: To:

1. Experts

SAAD, K.F.

TAKAHASm, K.

MIJNE, M.A.J.

BERGSTROM, L.A.G.

TORRE, F.A.

BARMAnA, M.B.

KRAUS, G.

DESMIDT, P.M •

BASTA, E.Z.

ANDREASON, P.G.

KAZI, A.

ROWLAND, E.O.

WARDEN, A.J.

HACKER, P.

HATTOR!, H.

DUBOIS, C.B.

Egypt

Japan

Netherlands

Sweden

Panama

Syria

Federal Repub­lic of Germany

France

Egypt

Sweden

Pakistan

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Austria

Japan

United Kingdom

Hydrogeology and ChiefTechnical Adviser

Applied Geochemistry

Applied geophysics

Mineralogy and ChiefTechnical Adviser

Economic Geology

Senior Technician

Engineering Geology

Structural and photo­geology

Economic Geology

Mineralogy

Engineering Geology

Senior Technician

Exploration Geology

Hydrology

Analytical Geochemistry

Mining Geology

• Prior to01.09.73

It

"

It

"It

01.10.76Prior to01.09.73

°4.02.74

03.03.7401.09.7401.02.7502.02.7522.02.76

09.°4.7601.10.76

22.05·77

31.12.78

31.08.7731.08.77

30.09.7430.06.7430.06.7530.09.77

25·09.74

31.08.77

31.12.78..15·12.7431.12.78

11.°5.7631.12.7831.12.7830.09.77

01·°5.78

2. Associate Experts

ANDREASON, P.G. Sweden Mineralogy Prior to01.°9.74

OLKIEWICZ, A.R.

SCHNEIDER, H.

Sweden Economic Geology

Federal Repub- Geological Technicianlic of Germany

Prior to01.01.74

15.°4.74

• Under Phase I (SAU/69/523)

.. Resigned

APPENDIX A contd. (ii )

Name of Expert Country of Field of Duration of ContractAssociate/Con- Origin Specialization From: To:suitant

LANG, K.U. Federal Repub- Geophysics 15.01.75 °4.01.75lie of Germany

KOYAMA, K. Japan Economic Geology °7.°3.76 06.09.77SCHELLEKEN'S, J .H. Netherlands Economic Geology 30.01.77 29.01.78MOLTZER, J. Netherlands Exploration Geology 23.02.77 22.02.78

3. Consultant s

ROWLAND, E.O. United Kingdom Technician Training 06.04.74 29.04.74RUDBERG, S. Sweden Physical Geography 06.09.74 26.09.74MOORE, J.M. United Kingdom Structural Geology ~ 08.10.74 07.12.74COLLINS, G.A • Canada Technical Adviser ig:~:15 dff:8~:15BERGSTROM , L.A. Sweden Mineralogy °4.°5.75 12.°7.75MITCHELL, A. United Kingdom Plate Tectonics 23.09.75 29.10.75roOSE, R.M. U.S.A. Technical Adviser 07 .01.76 31.01.76GEITH, M.A. U.S.A. Geochemistry 07 .01.76 29.01.76

20.12.76 23.01.77BARMAnA, M.B. Syria Technician Training 01.07.76 01.10.76BRAND, E. United Kingdom Engineering Geology 13.10.77 12.10.77

SAU!72/003(Phase II beginning1·9·1973) APPENDIX B

List of Counterpart staff

Name Country ofOrigin

Position held Qualifioations

1• Faculty Staff:

AL-SH.llNTI, A.M.

ABDEL-KADIR, A.A.

ABDEL-KRALEK, L.

AKHRAS, N.

BA-SAHL, A.

BASMACI, Y.

BDIDA, P.

EL-H.AKIM, H. A.

EL-:MAHDY, o.

IBRAHIM, M.

JACKSON, N.

KHUDA, !\'[.

KOTB, H.

MaoLANE

RM,IISAY, C.

ROOBOL, J.

TAHOUN, S.

SYDAm, S.

W.llKEF'IEIJ) , J.

Saudi Arabia

Egypt

Egypt

Syria

Saudi Arabia

Turkey

Canada

Egypt

Egypt

Egypt

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Egypt

Canada

Australia

United Kingdom

Egypt

Paldstan

United Kingdom

Dean of IAG .. , & Eoonomio geologist

Assooiate prof. I Geoohemist

Prof. & Head Struotural GeologyDept.

Geophysioist

Deputy Dean &Struotural geologist

Hydrogeologist

Head. Sedimentology Dept.

Head, Geophysios Dept.

Assooiate Prof., Eoonomiogeologist

Engineering Geologist

Assistant prof., 1l1ineralogist

Prof., Mineralogist & editor

Assistant Prof., Geophysioist

Eoonomio geologist

Head, Mineralogy Dept.

Assooiate Prof., Mineralogist

Prof., Mineralogist

Geomorphologist

Struotural geologist

Ph.D{London)

Ph.D. (Leeds)

Ph.D. (Cairo)

M.So.(Freiburg)

Ph.D.(Liverpool)

Ph.D. (rowa)

Ph.D. (Alberta)

Ph.D.(Alexandria)

Ph.D. (utah)

Ph.D. (Cairo)

Ph.D. (IQndon)

Ph.D. (London)

Ph.D.(Alexandria)

Ph.D. (rJIoGill)

Ph.D. (Alberta)

Ph.D. (London)

Ph.D. (Miohigan)

M.So.(Sheffield)

Ph.D. (Leeds)

2. Leoturers

AL-KAHTJI.NI, M. Saudi Arabia

AL-MMTSOUR, Z. Palestine

AL-1f.HGI, A. Saudi Arabia

AL-ZUBAffi, M. Saudi Arabia

AL-SARI, A. Yemen

BARr.'IADA, B. Syria

FARAG, S. Egypt

Graduate Assis., Eng. geologist

Graduate Assis., Eng. geologist

Graduate Assis., ~,[ineral

Exploration

Graduate Assis., lUneralExploration

Graduate Assis. Eoon. geologist

Senior Teohnioian

Graduate Assis. MineralExploration

B.SO.(Miohigan)IAG Dip.

B. Se. (Dhahran),IAG Dip.

B.So.(Riyadh)IAG Dip.

M.So. (rAG)

M.So. (rAG)

B, So. (Damasous)

1/1. So· (Cairo)

Name

HAKIM, H.

KADI, T.

NAWAB, Z.

SAKLOU, H.

ZArnAN, R.

Country ofOrigin

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

- ii-

APPEND IX B (oontinued)

List of Counterpart staff

Position Held

Present ly in Canadafor Ph.D.

Graduate Assis. 1 MineralElcplorat ion

Presently in Canadafor Ph.D.

Chemist

Presently in U.K.for Ph.D.

Qualifioations

M.So. (UG)

B ,So. (Riyadh),IAG Dip. '

M-So. (IAG)

B·So (Cairo)

Doctorate 3rdoyole (Paris)

SAU/74003 APPENDIX C

(Phase II beginning Student Enrolment and Graduate Output1.9.1973) (figures in brackets denote anticipated graduation)

A. GRADUATE PROGIWlME

Options: (a) Mineral Exploration & Resources (b) Hydrogeo10gy (c) Engineering geology.

Number of students CumulativeAcademic Group Field of Date Date Number Graduated studentDegree No. Study started completed students

enrolled Saudi N.Saudi Total Graduation

1) High Diploma 1 Geology Sep·7° Oct. 71 22 17 2 19 192 It Sep·71 Jun. 72 8 6 6 25Geology3 It Sep·72 Jan. 74 8 5 3 8 334 It Feb. 74 Feb. 75 8 5 2 7 405 It Feb. 75 Jan. 76 8 5 1 6 466 " Feb. 76 Oct. 76 17 5 5 10 567 It Feb. 77 Oct. 77 7 4 2 6 628 " Oct. 77 (Sep·78) 8 (5) (3) (8) (70)

2) M. Sc. Degree 1 Min. Exp1. Oct. 71 16 12 2 14

in Applied 2 Min. Exp1. . Sep.12 4 4 4

Geology. 3 rUn. Exp1. Feb. 74 5 2 3 5H.yd;'ogeo1. Feb. 14 3 2+(1 ) 2

4 Min. Exp1. Mar. 75 2 (2)Hydrogeo1. Mar. 75 3 1+(1)

• 01. Mar • 2 1

5 Min. Exp1. Oct. 75 50 01. Oot. 1

6 Min. Exp1. Oct. 76 4~t~ ~t~ ~~~~Hydrogeo1. Oct. 76 1

- ii-

APPENDIX a (aontinlled)

student lllItrolment and Graduate Output

A. GRADUATE PROGRAMME

Options: (a) Mineral hploration &: Resouroes (b) ~ogeology (0) Engineering geology

ImBber of student sDate Date NUllber Graduated

started completed students -------­enrolled Saudi N.Saudi !otal

Aoademio Group

Degree No.

2) M. so. Degree 6

in Applied 7

Geology

3) Ph.D. in Ap- 1plied Oeology

Field of

stuc:Q'

Min.Resour- Jan. 77oes

5

-(2)

3 2

O1mlulat i veStudent

Graduat ienl

B. UNDERGRADUA'l'E PROGRAm:

OpUons: (a) Mineral ResQurces (b) Hydrogeology (c) Engineering geology (d) Petrole1lll geoilogy

\

B.Sc. in Ap­plied Geology 1 Geology oat. 77 ~ar 33

programae

- iU -

APPENDIX C (COJltinued)

C. lfEcmUCI.AI TRAINING PROGR.AKME

OEUomu (a) Petrographica1 and ohemioa1 techniques (b) General Geology

and geological pr."oapeation (c) GeopiJ'sios and surveying

(d) Draught ing and photography.

Aoademio

Degree

Group

No.Field of

st~

Date Date X'DlIlber Number of students

started completed :=~:: GraduatedSaudi X.Saudi Total

CumulativestudentGraduation

Teohnioa1 1 Tech-'l'rain Se:P·70 Jun. 72 9 8 - 8 8

Diploma in geology

2 11 Sep- 7~ Jun-73 8 7 1 8 16

3 11 Sep-72 Jun. 74 6 2 - 2 18

4 11 'Sep- 73 Jun. 75 4 3 1 4 22

5 11 Sep·74 Jun. 76 6 6 - 6 28

6 It Oot·75 Jun-77 15 14 - 14 42

7 It oct. 76 (Jun. 18) a (8) - (8) (50)

8 It oct. 77 (Jun. 19) 15 15 - (15) (65)

SAU/72/003(Phase II- beginning1·9·1973) APPENDIX D

Programmes of Stud.Y

Table 1 - Advanced Diploma Stud.y Programme in Mineral Resources

COURSE NO TITLE LT LAB TOTAL CREDITHjw Hjw H/w

FIRST SEMESTER & SUMMER SESSION

sa 511 Structural Geology I 1 2 3 2

SD 541 Stratigraphy 2 1 3 2

PM 521 Mineralogy I 1 2 3 2

PM 522 Mineralogy 11 1 2 3 2

PM 523 Petrology I 2 1 3 2

sa 512 Photogeology 2 2 4 3

sa 513 Geology of the Arabian 1 0 1 1Shield

aPHYS 501 Introductory Geophysics I 1 0 1 0

GMTH 501 Mathematics I 2 O. 2 0

Field training: 2 weeks

High Diploma Field-Work8 weeks

High Diploma & Report

Writing 8 weeks

LT = Lectures, LAB = Laboratory, Hjw = hours per week.

The High Diploma report (Field-work, report and presentation) is credited at

a weight equivalent to the course load.

- Ui -Appendix D (cont inued)

Table 3 - Advanced Diploma study Programme in Engineeriptj Geology

COURSE NO TITLE

FIRST SEMESTER

AND

SUMMER SE5SION

IJr LAB TOTAL CREDITH/w H/w H/w

ENGG 581

sa 511

SD 541

m 521

m 522

PM 524-

sa 512

GPHYS 561

GlW.'H 501

Fundamentals of Engineering

Geology

Structural Geology I

Stratigraphy

Mineralogy I

Petrology I

Cl~ Mineralogy

Photogeology

Introductory Geophysics

Mathematios I

Field Training : 2 weeks

High Diploma Field-Work: 8 weeks

High Diploma Research &: Report

Writing : 8 weeks

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

1

2

o

o

3

3

3

3

3

2

4

1

2

-

2

2

2

2

2

1

3

o

o

-

LT = Lectures, LAB = Laboratory, H/w = Hours per week

The High Diploma report (Field-Work, report &: presentation) is credited at a

weight equivalent to the course load.

- iv-

Appendix D (oontinued)

Table 4. M.Sc. Stud.y Programme in Mineral Resources

COURSE NO TITLE LT LABH/w H/w

TOTALH/w

CREDIT

SECOND SEMESTER

SG 611 Structural Geology 11 2 0 2 2

PM 621 Petrology 11 1 1 2 1

PM 622 Mineralogy III 1 2 3 2

EG 632 Ore Mineralogy 2 0 2 2

EG 634 Mining Geology 2 0 2 2

GCHEM 651 Geochemistry I 2 1 3 2

GCHEM 653 Geoohronology 1 0 1 1

GPHIS 562 Introduotory Geophysios 11 1 0 1 0

GPHIS 661 Geophysics I 2 1 3 2

aMATH 503 Geostatistics 1 0 1 0

THIRD SEMESTER

Ea 631 Mineral Deposits 3 1 4 3

EG 633 Ore Microscopy 2 3 5 3

EG 635 Metallic and No~etallic

Mineral Deposits of' Saudi Arabia 1 0 1 1

GCImvl: 652 Geochemistry 11 2 1 3 2

GCHEM 654- Strontium Isotope 1 0 1 1

GPHYS 662 Geophysics 11 2 1 3 2

Field Training : 4 weeks

FOURTH SEMESTER

The s i s

-v-Appendix D (continued)

Table 5 - M. Sc. Stud.y Progr::anune in H.ydroe;eology

COURSE NO TITLE LT LA:B TOTAL CREDITH/w H/w H/w

SECOND Sl!XESTERHYG 671 Geohydrology I 2 1 3 2

RIG 673 Groundwater Geology I 2 0 2 2

RIG 676 ~ology I 2 0 2 2

GCBEM 655 ~ogeochemistry 2 1 3 2

GPHYS 562 Introductory Geo~ics II 1 0 1 0

GPHYS 663 Geophysics I 2 1 3 2

SD 542 Geomorphology 2 1 3 2

GMATH 502 Mathematics II 1 1 2 1

GMATH 503 Geostatistics 1 1 0

THIRD SEMESTER

HYG 672 Geobydrology II 3 1 4 3

RIG 674 Groundwater Geology II 1 1 2 1

HYG 675 Well Design and Developnent 1 0 1 1

RIG 677 ~ology II 2 0 2 2

GPHYS 664 Geophysios II 2 1 3 2

RIG 678 Environmental Isotopes &: Tracersin Hydrology 2 1 3 2

GMATH 504 Operational Mathematics 1 1 2 1

Field Training: 4 weeks

FOURTH SEMESTER

The s i s

-vi.-Append.iX D (oontinued)

Table 6 - M. So. study Prog:r;:amme in Epgineeri.p& Geology.

COURSE NO TITLE LT LA'B TOTAL CREDITH/w H/w H/w

SECOED SEMESTER

ENoo 681 Soil Engineering I 2 2 4 3

EHOO 683 Rook Engineering 3 1 4 3

SG 611 Struotural geology II 2 0 2 2

GPHIS 562 Introductory Geo~ios II 1 0 1 0

GPHlS 663 Geopb;rsios I 2 1 3 2

SD 542 GeOlllorphology 2 1 3 2

GMATH 503 Geostatistios 1 0 1 0

THIRD SEM:J!5TER

ENGG 682 Soil Engineering II 3 2 5 4

EHOO 684 Engineering Geology Appli-oations 3 1 4 3

BOO 685 E:ogineering Geology Pro jeot 1 4 5 3

GPHYS 664 Geophysios II 2 1 3 2

Field 'fraining s 4 weeks - -FOURTH SEMESTER

The s i s

- vii -

Appendix D (oontinued)

Table 7 - Ph.D. Stud;r Programme in Mineral Resources

Five courses to be chosen each semester

(3 compulsory and 2 optional)

COURSE TITLE LT L!BH/rl H/w

CREDIT

FIRST SEMESTER

PM 721 - c Methods in Determinative 1 2 3 2

Mineralogy

SG 711 - c Geotectomcs 2 0 2 2

EG 731 - c Current problems in Geology

(Speoial topios; seminars) 2 0 2 2

EG 732 - op Mineral Teohnology (Ore

Dressing) 2 1 3 2

GCHEX 751- op Precmabrian Geoobronology

&: correlation) 2 0 2 2

EG 733 - op Minerals in Industry 2 1 3 2

GCBEM 752- op Geoohemistry of MineralDeposits 2 0 2 2

SECOBD SEMESTER

EG 734 - c Mineral Economies 2 0 2 2

EG 735 - c Non-Metallio Mineral Deposits 2 0 2 2

GMATH 506 -c Compo.ter Science 1 2 3 ' 2

EG 731 - op Current problems in Geology 2 0 2 2

SG 713 - op Petrofabrics 1 2 3 2

SG 712 - op Geology of .A:f'ro-~abian

Shield 2 0 2 2

GPHIS 761 - op Advanced GeoPQysics 2 0 2 2

o = compulsory op = optional

- viii -

Appendix D (continued)

Table 8 - Ph.D. Stud.y Programme in H.ydrogeologY

Five courses to be chosen in each semester

(3 compulsory and 2 optional)

COURSE TITLE LT LAB TOTAL CREDITH/W

FmsT SEMESTER

RIG 772 - c Advanced Hydrogeology 2 1 3 2

HYG 773 - c Seminar on Current Hydro-geology pt"oblems 2 0 2 2

GMATH 505 - c Mathematics III 2 0 2 2

HYG' 771 - op HYdrodynamics'in Porous Media 2 1 3 2

RYG 776 - op Engineering Hydrology

& Hydraulics 2 1 3 2

GCHEM 753 - op Advanced Hydrogeochemistry 2 1 3 2

GCHEM 754 - op Nuclear Techniques in Hydro-geology 2 1 3 2

SECOND SEMESTER

RIG 774 - c Hydrogeology of Arid Regions 2 ° 2 2

HYG 775 - c Groundwater in Fissured

& structured Rocks 2 0 2 2

GMATH 506 - c Compu.ter Science 1 2 3 2

HYG 777 - op Advanced Groundwater Hydrology 2 1 3 2

HYG 778 - op Reservoir Engineering (Water

Resources Planning and Develop..

ment). 2 1 3 2

GPHIS 762 - op Advanced Geophysics 2 1 3 2

HYG 779 - op Numerical & Experimental

Models (Analogue Models). 2 1 3 2

c = compulsory op = optional

- ix-Appendix D (oontinued)

Table 9 - Ph.D. Stud.y Programme in Engineering Geology

Five oourses to be ohosen in eaoh semester

(2 oompulsory and 3 optional)

COURSE TITLE LT LA13 TOTAL CREDITH/w

FIRST SEMESTER

ENOO 783 - 0 Highway Materia.ls 2 2 4 3

ENoo 787 - 0 Environmental Geology 2 0 2 2

ENoo 780 - op Topios in Soil MeChanios 2 1 3 2

ENoo 784 - op Elastioity 2 1 3 2

ENOO 781 - op Earth Struotures 2 1 3 2

GMATH 502 - op Mathematios II 1 1 2 1

ENoo 785 - op Rook Fragmentation 2 0 2 2

RIG 676 - op Hydrology I 2 0 2 2

RIG 671 - op Geohydrology I 2 1 3 2

SECOND SEMESTER

ENoo 788 - 0 Geoteohnioal Instrumenta.tion 2 1 3 2

ENOO 789 - 0 Speoial studies 2 0 2 2

GMATH 506 - op Computer Soienoe 1 2 3 2

ENoo 786 - op Topios in Rook Meohanios 2 1 3 2

ENoo 782 - op Soil dynamios 2 1 3 2

SD 741 - op Physioal & Chemioal Propertiesof soil 2 1 3 2

EG 735 - op No~etallioMineral Deposits 2 0 2 2

RIG 675 - op Well Design &Development 1 0 1 1

RIG 677 - op Hydrology II 2 0 2 2

RIG 772 - op Advanoed Hydrogeology 2 1 3 2

o = oompulsory op = optional

SAU/72/003

(Phase II- beginning1·9·1973).

APPENDIX E

Course desariptions

(LT = Lectures per week, LAB = Laborat0Z7 hours

per week; eR = Semester aredit-hours )

Courses number 500 are for Advanoed Diploma, 600 for I{. So. degree

and 700 for Ph.D. degree.

COURSE NO. TITLE 1! !! .Q!

sa 511 Structural Geology I 1 2 2

SG 512 Photogeology 2 2 3SG 513 Geology of the Arabian Shield 1 0 1

SG 611 Structural Geology II 2 0 2

SG 711 Geotectonio 2 0 2

SG 712 Geology of Af"ro-Arabian Shield 2 0 2

SG 713 Petrofabrios 1 2 2

SG 511 structural Geology I (1 - 2 - 2)

The course deals with pl"imary structures in sed.im~ary and igneous rooks,

and some f'tmdamental conoepts in geologio meoha:nics. It includes the deform­

ation of rocks by :fracture, folds and faulting, geologio map intertretation,

and the use of strereographio pl"ojection.

SG 512 Photog!ologr (2 - 2 - 3)

This course oonsiders the basic pl"ooedures in airphoto surveying. The

relationships between soale camera and height of the aeroplane. Various types

of aerial photographs. Scales. Interpretation of aerial photogra}il.s. Image

oharacteristios. Tone, texture, pattern and shape. Systemat~o pattern

analysis. Topographio 8Xpl"ession. drainage networks, and geomorphologioal

8Xpl"ession of structures. Lithologioal, structural, and geomorphologioal

analysis. Various methods of photogrammetry, pl"oduction of different types

of aerial photographs, mosaios and photo-maps.

-ii-APPENDIX E (oontinued)

SG 513 Geology of the Arabian Shield

This course deals with the sub-division and description of the litho­

stratigraphic units in the Arabian Shield and the main orogenic events, as

olassified and studied by various parties working in the field.

SG 611 Structural Geology II (2 - 0 - 2)

The oourse deals with the effects of environmental faotors on the behav­

iour of rocks and the oharacteristios and meohanisms of folds.' It also

includes superposed folding, petrofabrio mialysis, structural analysis of

b-aoture S71!Jtems, and some ooncepts in geotectonics.

SG 711 Geotectonios (2 - 0 ... 2)

Structural divisions of the arust. Global tectonios and ooncept s of floor

s;pl'eading, oontinental drift and plate tectonios. Different tyPes of plate

bG11Dd.a.ries. Geologic features and characteristios of divergent and oonvergent

boundaries. Faulting associated with subduction zones. Continental oollisions.

Relationships between the formation of ore deposits in the di1'f'erent plate

tectonio environments. Most of the lectures deal with poBt-pa.nga.ea, Mesozoic

to Cenozoic oocurrenoes where the plate teotonio model is relatively simple.

Finally the application of plate teotonic theory to the Precambrian is

considered and the Proterozoic shield of Saudi Arabia is reviewed in light

of the above and a model is proposed.

SG 112 Geology of Afro - Arabian Shield (2 - 0 - 2)

This course deals with the various theories relating to the evolution of the

shield areas in Africa and in Arabia from the Archean to early Palaezoic­

Emphasis is placed on Geotectonics. mobile belts, and metamorphism. The

deve10pnent of rifts i. e-. Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Afar Depression and African

rifts are studied with the associated structures and vo1canism. A stu~ of

meta110genic provinces in Africa and Arabia is also included in this course.

SG 113 Petrofabrics (1 - 2 - 2)

Review of the various minor structures developed in metamorphic terrains­

Microscopic fabrics, elements and domains- T,ypes of fabric diagrams. Symmetry

classes of movement and fabric- General procedure in petrofabric studies.

Significance and analysis of quartz, micas and calcite subfabrics. Relation­

ship between microscopic fabric and mesoscopic structure-

iii-

APPENDIX E (continued)

B. DEPARTMENT OF Pm'ROLOGY & MINERAIDGY

COURSE NO. TI'fLE LT LE eR

PM 521 Mineralogy I 1 2 2

PM 522 Mineralogy II 1 2 2

PM 523 Petrology I 1 2 2

PM 524- Clay Mineralogy 1 1 1

PM 621 Petrology II 1 1 1

PM 622 Mineralogy III 1 2 2

PM 721 Methods in Determinative1 2 2Mineralogy

PM 521 Mineralogy I (1 2- 2)

This is a booster CO'lll"se in optical mineralogy consisting of lect'lll"es,

laboratories and tutorials as follows: The nat'lll"e of polarised light.

Refractive index and its meas'lll"ement. .. Isotropic minerals under the micro­

scope. Uniaxial anisotropy. The pr.'operties of uniaxial minerals tmder the

microscope. Retardation and the use of accessory plates. Biaxial anisotropy.

The pr.'operties of biaxial minerals tmder the microscope. The use of micr~

scopic properties in mineral identification.

PM 522 Mineralogy 11 (1 '!'" 2 - 2)

This is a booster CO'lll"se in physical and systematic mineralogy co...

pr.'ising lect'lll"es, tutorials and laboratory sessions as follows: (i) Symmetry.

Crystal classes and systems. Nomenclature of crystal elements. Crystal

lattices. Atomic structures of minerals. Compositional variability of

minerals. Polymorphism. Twinning. (ii) Chemical, struct'lll"al and optical

pr.'operties of the principal mineral groups. Sheet silicates. Feldspars and.

the nepheline group. Pyroxenes. Amphiboles. OXides. Sulphide~. Carbonates.

The epidote group.

PM 523 Petrology I (1 - 2 - 2)

This CO'lll"se consists of two parts : a) A booster CO'lll"se of lectures

in basic petrography. Mineralogy, petrography, field relations of the

principal igneous rocks. The Streckeisen! I.U. G. S. classification. Classi­

fication. Classification of sedimentary rocks. Mineralogy and

classification of metamorphic rocks. b) A lect'lll"e course in basic petrogenesis,

with laboratory sessions in petrography. Nature of magma. Igneous rock

iv -APPEBDIX E (oontinued)

associations and petrographic pr.-ovinces. Granitoid batholiths. The

basalt-andesite-rh7olite assooiation. Flood basalts. Provenanoe of sedi­

mental"Y' rocks. Transportation and deposition. Natm-e and types of meta­

morphism. Compositional types of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphio grade.

PM 524 Cla.y Mineralogy (1-1-1)

This COlD."se includes the following: Formation of cl~ minerals in soils

as related to soil-forming factors. Diagenesis of clay minerals in relation to

cha:Dges in their enviroDlleJlt. Chemical and miner&1ogical analYsis of cl~

minerals, vith special reference to their structlD."al fermulae.

PM 621 Petrology II (1 - 1 - 1)

This is a course of lectures on more advanoed topios in petrology with

laboratory sessions in petrography'. (i) Spilites and keratophyres. Alpine­

type ultrabasio rooks. Quarts dolerite dykes and sills. :Nepheline &yenites

and related rooks. Carbonatites. (ii) EnvirO!lll1ents and palaeogeography' of

sedimental"Y' deposition. Geoohemistry of sedimentation. (iii) EnvirODllent

and oontrols of metamorphism. Processes in metaaorphio rocks. Faoies and

facies series. The facies of regional metamorphism. 'l'he facies of cotrliact

.etamorph.ism.

PM 622 Mineralogy III (1 - 2 - 2)

LectlD."es and laboratory sessions in determinative and s7lltematic

mineralogy as follows: (i) Refractive indices bY' the high despersion technique.

:NatlD."e of X-rqs. Diffraction methods. Interpretation of XRD photographs

and diffractograas. Fluorescenoe and micropl"obe analY'sis. Th.ermal techniques.

Intra-red spectroscopy. other analytical techniques. (ii) Chemioal,

structural ud optioal pl"operties of important mineral groups: the olivine

group; staurolite and ohloritoid; lawsonite, pl"ehnite and pumpellY'ite;

zeolites; garnet and oordierite; stilpnomelane; wollastonite; scapolite.

PM 121 Methods in Determinative Mineralogy (1 - 2 - 2)

This is a laboratory-oriented course in techniques for the laboratory

determination of minerals. Techniques to be oonsidered will inolude the

following:

(a) Advanoed optical mineralogy: Determination of optioal constants

in thin and polished sections. other microsoopio teohniques.

(b) X-r~ diffraotion: Diffractometer and powder camera methods.

-v-APPENDIX E (continued)

C. DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

COURSE NO. TITLE LT LB OR

EG 631 Mineral Deposits 3 1 3EG 632 Ore Mineralogy 2 0 2

EG 633 Ore Miorosoopy 2 3 3EG 634 Mining Geology 2 0 2

EG 635 Metallic and Non-Metallic Mineral 1 0 1Deposits of Saudi Arabia

EG 636 Phase Equilibrium in Mineral Systems 2 0- 2

EG 731 Current Problems in Geology 2 0 2

EG 732 Mineral Technology 2 1 2

EG 733 Minerals in Industry 2 1 2

EG 734 Mineral Economics 2 0 2

EG 735 Non-Metallic Mineral Deposits 2 0 2

EG 736 Advanced Ore-Mioroscopy 1 3 2

EG 631 Mineral Deposits (3 - 1 - 3)

The C01ll"se consists of the following: Historical deve10pnent of' hYP0­theses on processes of formation of ore deposits. Ores in igneous rocks: Ores

of mafic and u1tramafic association. Ores of fe1sic association. Sedimentary

iron and. manganese ores. Stratiform sulfide ores of marine and. marine-volcanic

assooiation. Stratabo'lmd ores of sedimentary affiliation. Vein ores. Meta.­

morphic ores. Minera1izations and their relation to global tectonios. Non­

metallic mineral deposits. Mineral resources of Saudi Arabia.

EG 632 Ore Mineralogy (2 - 0 - 2)

The course consists of the following: Crystal structures of ore

minerals (types of solid solutions, exso1ution, types of diffusion). Classi­

fication of ore minerals (the structural groups of natural metals and. semi­

metals; oxides; sulfides and su1fosa1ts). Stability of ore minerals and phase

equilibrium. Ore solutions; ancient and modern. Ore textures and their

origin (a) primary growth textures (b) replacement textures, (0) exso1ution

textures, (d) deformation and annealing textures.

-vi-APPEHDIX E (oontinued)

EG 633 Ore Microsoop;y (2 - 3 - 3)

The oourse consists of: Sampling and preparation of polished

sections. The ore-miorosoope. Optical properties of opaque minerals.

Physical properties of opaque minerals. Microhardness and reflectivity

measurements. Etohing and microohemical method, the oontact-print method.

SYStematio id.entifioation of ore minerals. Textures of ore minerals and their

genetio signifioanoe (primary depositional, replaoement exsolution and '

deformation textm-es). Ore microsoopy in mineral para.genesis, ;;md in bene­

fioiation prooesses of ores.

EG 634 JiDing Geology (2 - 0 - 2)

The oourse involves assembliDg geologioaJ. data. Ore guides. Metal­

logenic epecks and provinces. structural controls on mineral distribution.

Geooh_ioal oontrols on secondary migration and enriohment. Wall-a:'ook alter­

ation haloes. MiniDg eoonomios (evaluation of ore reserves; asses_ent of

prospects; plamdng and costs of exploraticm). Ez:ercises.

EG 635 Metallic and lion-metallio Mineral Deposits of Saudi Arabia (1 - 0 - 1)

'fhis oourse oonsiders the geologioal enviroDment of these deposits,

their evaluation and genesis and comparisons with similar deposits in the world.

m 636 Phase Equilibrium in Mineral srn_ (2 - 0 - 2)

Topics inolude: An introduction to the phase rule and heterogeneous

equilibria. Phase diagrams (e.g. T-.X, P-T and ~) for expressing eutectio,

mOBotectio, peritectic, syntectio, euteotoid and periteotoid relationships.

utilisation of phase relations in prospectimg for ore bodies, their benefic>-o

iation and extraotion of metals f'1"om them. Textures and microstruotures

associated with certain phase relationships. Applications of phase relations in

geothermometry, geobarometry and ore genesis. Relationship of laboratory

investigation to theoretical thermo~ic oonsideration and to field ooourr-

enoes.

EG 731 Current Problems in Geology (2 - 0 - 2)

This involves mainly a series of seminars on speoial topios of interest

to Saudi geologists and on current problems and developnents in geology. The

seminars are mostly prepared and given by the students themselves, with some

guidance regarding referenoes, by the instructors oonoerned. The objective of

- vii-

APPENDIX E (continued)

this course is to encourage students to read up-to-4ate research papers and

other publications. In the acad~ic year 1977, the followi.Jlg topics were

dealt with:

1. Geological setting and genesis of some mineral reSO'Ur08S of Saudi Arabia.

2. Rare earths geochemistry of igneous and metamorphic rocks.

3. Mineral reSO'Ur08S of the Arab World.

4. Fluid inclusions as an aid to ore genesis.

5. Mafic ultramafic assooiation.

6. Sedimentary and ore deposits.

7. Voloanism and ore genesis.

'6. Geological setting of the Red Sea and the Gulf' of Aden.

9. Massive sulfide deposits of the Cardean Shield.

EG 732 Mineral Teolmolog;y (2 - 1 - 2)

The oourse p:'ovides a systematic appE"oacb. to the coordiDated use of

mineral soiences, engineering, and economios for mineral appl"aisal, ore llestiDg,

and p:'ooess design. The oourse includes a review of the f'mJ.dgental ~i..·

chemical problems UDd.er~ the important minera~ separation processes and

applied work on the processes themselves. It discusses the use of applied

aineralogy in the benefioiation of ores and investigation of mill p:'oducts,

and factors oontrolling ore dressing operations. Selected examples dea.li.Dg

with analysis of unit operations and process design are presented and disCUSlled.

EG 733 Minerals in Industry (2 - 1 - 2)

The course deals mainly with the mode of occurrenoe; production,

reserves and consumption; prices specification and grade; and uses of SClle

important metallic and DOnmetallic minerals.

1) Metallic ore minerals: chromi'lDD, platinum and nickel; iron, ma;aganese

and al'lDDinium; tin, tungsten, molybdenmn and bismuth; gold and silver;

copper, lead, zinc, and cobalt; uranium, vanadilml, rare earths and

titanimn.

2) NOlDDetallics: minerals for fertilizers (potash, phosphate, nitrates and

sulf1D."); abrasive minerals (diamond, oormd:um, emery, garnet); minerals

in ceramic industry (kao1inite, ta10, magnesite, fe1dspars, ~te,

sillimanite ••• etc.); bonding materials (gypsun, anbydrite, limestone,

dolomite, clays ••• ); insulating materials (asbestos, diatomite,

- viii -APPENDIX E (oontinued)

vermioulite, mioa, pumioe, perlite ••• ); minerals in other industries.

3) Application of mineralogy and mineralogical teohniques in solving

oertain indurlrial xroblems (iron ore sinters, oeramios, deposition

and oorrosion oaused by water and steam, slage •.• eto.).

EG 734 Mineral Eoonomios (2 - 0 - 2)1. Introduotory lectures on basio eoonomios as applied to the ~ining

industry. 2. Survey world's mineral reSOV08S. Trade flow, _geographio distri­

bution relative to oonsumers, gr."owth patterns, oonsumption patterns. Fuel

crisis, 3. Mine finanoe and planning. Project ewlution, exploration-evaluat­

ion-developnent. Sensi tivity analysis. Workforoe and infrastruoture para­

meters. 4. Maniptllation of mineral resouroes, market, stook-piling of materials

for strategio and buffer purposes. 5. History of mineral developnent, role in

opening up developing oountries. 6. Project sensitivity analysis in oontext

of Saudi mineral deposits. 7. Role of labour in mini.Dg; labour intensive versus

au1lomated mines.

EG 735 Non-metallio Deposits (2 - 0 - 2)

1. Features of the industrial rooks and minerals; terminology.

2. Classifioation: Conventional treatment; genetio olassification; economio

classification. 3. Description of the mode of oocmrrence, geology, mineralogy,

origin, mining and quarrying, Pl"ospecting and exploration of the common non­

metallio deposits: a) Industrial rooks: Granite, basalt, diabase, pumioe,

perlite; slate; marble; sand, gravel, sandstone, olavr, limestone, dolomite,

phosphate rook, gypst11Il and salt. b) Industrial minerals: Nepheline syenite,

feldspar, mioa, lithium minerals, beryl; quartz, fluorspar, barite,magnesite;

graphite, asbestos, talo, vermioulite; diatomite, potash, sodium minerals,

borates, nitrates and sulf'ur.

EG 736 Advanoed Ore MicrosooBY (1 - 3 - 2)

Advanoed ore miorosoopy: Systematio identifioations of ore minerals,

ore textures and their genetio interxretat ion. Refleotivity and micro-hardness

measurements. Etohing teohniques. Textures of gossans as an aid to mineral

exploration.

-ix-APPENDIX E (oontinued)

D. DEPARTIVIENT OF SEDIMENTOLOGY

COURSE NO. TITLE LT liB eR

SD 541 Stratigraphy 2 1 2

SD 542 Geomorphology 2 1 2

SD 543 Quaternary Geology 1 1 1

SD 141 Physioal & Chemioal 2 1 2Properties o~ Soils

SD 541 Stratigrapb.v (2 - 1 - 2)

Sedimentary rooks, their textures, structures, oomposition, and olassi­

~ication. Sedimentary pt"ocesses and modern enviromnents o~ deposition as a baEt­

is ~or interpt"eting a.n.oient sediments and their faoies. Prinoiples of litho­

stratigraphy, BioriratigraliJy and ohronostratigrapby in referenoe to the Code

of Stratigraphio Nomenolature. Stratigraphio oorrelation by means of

lithostratigraphy, heavy minerals, geoohemistrY' and fossils in Preoambrian

terrains with examples :from olassical areas. Distribu:tion and pt"iBaipal

features o~ stratigraphically-oontrolled mineral deposits.

Practioal laboratories oonsist o~: (1) reoognition o~ pl"inoipal

sedimentary lithotypes; (2) sedimentologioal and pa,leontological teolmiques;

(3) preparation o~ stratigraphio oolumns, sections and stratigraphio maps.

Field trips to type-looalities.

SD 542 Geomorphology (2 - 1 - 2)

This oourse oonsiders the ~ollowing: Geomorphio cyoles and related

l~orms with emphasis on arid zone geomorphology and ooastal landscape.

Geomorphologioal pl"ooesses and evolution o~ assooiated drainage patterns.

Morphogenetio regions and their impli oation. Regional studies in geomorphology.

Denudation, ohronology and multioyolio landscape. Morphometry and ,terrain

analysis. Geomorphological mapping.

SD 543 Quaternary Geology (1-1-1)

The regional quarternary geology o~ oontinental areas :from the view

points of sedimentology and petrography. Studies o~ weathering pl"ooesses.

Glaoio-isostatio movements of the earth's crust. Quaternary eustatio fluo­

tuations of the sea level. Stratigraphy and pt"operties of Quaternary rooks

in the Arabian Peninsula.

APPENDIX. E (oontinued) -x-

SD 741 PbyBioal and Chemioal Properties of Soils (2 - 1 - 2)

Soil oomposition & structure; exohange oapaoity of soils; 018\1

oolloidal ohemistry; relation between soil oomposition and engineering

behaviour: oonsistenqy, strength, stabilization, oonsolidation and swelling.

E. DEPARTMENT OF GEOCHEMISTRY

COURSE NO TITLE LT U3 Qg

GCHEM 651 GeOOhemistr) I (for mineral 2 1 2exploration

GCHEM 652 Geo,ohemist:) II (for mineral 2 1 2exploration

GCHEB 653 Geoobronology 1 0 1

GCHEM 654 Strontium Isotope 1 0 1Geoohemistry

GCHEM 655 Hydrogeoohemistry 2 1 2

GCHEM 751 Preoambrian Geoobronology 2 0 2& Correlation

GCREM 752 Geoohemistry of mineral 2 0 2Deposits

GCHEM 753 Advanoed Hydrogeochemistry 2 1 2

GCHEM 754 Nuolear Teohniques in Hydrogeology 2 1 2

GCHEM 651 Geoohemietry I (2 - 1 - 2)

The course reviews those topics from elementary geology to which

chemical ideas m8\1 be usefully applied. Applications of chemistry to classi­

oal geologic pl'oblems such as sedimentological and magmatic pl'ocesses and the

formation of mineral deposits. Specialised subjects of current interest in

geochemistry. Distribution of the elements in geologio materials. Gee­

ohemical qycles of the elements. Geochemistry of late magmatio pl'ooesses and

ore sollItions •

APPEN9IX E (oontinued)

GCHEM 652 Geoohemistry II

- xi -

(2 - 1 - 2)

The leotures and laboratory exeroises PL"ovide a synthesis of the

theory and applications of geoohemistry in pl"oblems of mineral exploration­

Praotioal techniques and statistioal treatment of lu'ge mmabers of geochemical

data- Laboratory exeroises in traoe-element ~is using oolorimetrio,

atomio absorption and speotrogt"aphio methods-

GCHEM 653 Geochronology (1-0-1)

Geoohronology, involving the measurement of geologio time, pt"ovides the

essential parameter for all geological investigations- Theories aDd teohniques

of geoohronology- Isotopio K-Ar, Rb-Pb methods- Applioations of these gea­

ohronological data in the &-eoambrian Shields-

GCHEK 654 SvOllti1Dll Isotope Geochemiriry

The isotopio oomposition of Btronti1Jlll pl"ovid.es iDfOl"lllation &hom the

origin of igneous rooks_ Use of sl;rontilml isaflopes in pe-trogenesis- Initial

ratios of plmonio and volcanio igneous rocks in various dif'f'ereD:t geologio

envirODllents.

GOREX 655 H,ydrogeoohemis1ry (2 - 1 - 2)

Bydrogeoohemistry deals vith the stu..CQ" of the chemical ccmposition of

water from different aquif'ers- Abundanoe of dissolved materials in vari0118

geologio enviroJJlllents- studies of chemical ratios among one another aDd

geoohemistry and the uses of vace elements- Theoretical appl:"oaahes ad

applications of geoohemistry in pl"oblems of hydrogeology- 'frainiDg on }iJysioal

and ohemical teohniques a:a.d. the application of their results in stodies of water

pt"oblems-

GCHEM 751 Preoambrian Geoohronology a:a.d. Correlation (2 - 0 - 2)

This oourse is divided into 2 parts:

1) Geoohronology: Natural radioaotivity and pt"erequisites for its

applioation to the Preoambrian geoohronology. Potassium - argon,

rubidium - strontit1Dl, uranium - lead, thorium - lead and lead - lead age

dating methods inoluding: fundamentals, experimental teohniques, suitable

materials, interpt"etation and evaluation of ages- Applioation of Br and Pb

isotopes in petrogenesis and evolution of the Ea1:'th's crust- Case histories

from Saudi. Arabia and Af'rica.

A.PPEIIDIX: E (oont inued) - xii -

2) Correlation: This seoond part of the course oonsists of seminars

given by students, staf'f members, and guest speakers. The following topios

are disoussed:

Prinoiples of oorrelation.

The Code of Stratigraphio nomenolature and its applications to the

Precambrian.

- Arohean Ch-eenstone :Belts and High-Grade Metamorphio terrains.

Proterozoio stratigrapby and typical terrains

Preoambrian paleontology and mioropaleontology, Preoambrian tilli1;es

- Palaomagnetio correlation: strati_form mineral deposits of the Pre­

oambrian, pt"Qblems of oorrelation in the Arabian Shield.

GCImM 752 GeoohemiB'tr:y of Mineral Deposits (2 - 0 - ?)

The oourse inoludes the follewing topics:

Genesis and c1I.ar'acteristios of ..e-foming fluids; oomplex ions and theito

bearing on the transportation of metals; application of pt"inoiples of heterc>"

geneous equilibria and phase diagrams to the interpt"etation of ore formation;

studies of fluid inolusions and their bearing on ore deposits; utilization of

ohemioal pt"inoiples in ore benefioiation; Geothermome1;ry and GeobarOme1;ry;

t-race elements st~; stable isotope geoohemistry (H, 0, S and C).

GCHEM 753 Advanoed Iqdrogeoohemiriry (2 - 1 - 2)

Theory and pt"axis of in-plaoe control of ground water quality, briefing

in the more oomplioated and sensible measurements in the laboraiory (name

photometer). Various methods of geoohemioal olassification of the ground water

bod;y'. Theory, evidenoe and possibilities of ion-exoha.nge.

GCHEM 754 Nuolear Teohniques in Hydrogeoloe;y (2 - 1 - 2)

The utilization of arti~ioial radioactive isotopes as tracers in hydro­

logy for measuring flow velooity (horizontal and vertioal), flow direction,

soil moisture and sediment transport. The correct choice of radioactive

traoers to ensure the suocess of any operation with traoers. Discussion on

methods used for the interpt"etation of isotope data and for dati~ Cl, gro'tL11.d­

water bod;y'.

APPENDIX E pontinued)- xiii -

F. DEPAR'l.':MENT OF GEOPHYSICS

COURSE NO. TITLE LT J1! g

GPHIS 561 In-troductory Geophysics I 1 0 0

GPHIS 562 Introductory Geophysics II 1 0 0

GPHYS 661 Geophysics I (for mineral explora.-tion) 2 1 2

GPHIS 662 Geophysics II (for mineral explora.-tion) 2 1 2

GPHYS 663 Geophysics I (for ~ogeOlOg.v and.engineering geology 2 1 2

GPHIS 664 Geophysics II (for ~ogeOlOgy and.engineering geology 2 1 2

GPHIS 761 Advanced Geophysics I 2~. 0 2

GPHYS 762 Advanoed Geophysics II 2 1 2

GPHYS 561 Introductorr Geophysios I (1 - 0 - 0)

Preparatory course for GPHIS 601, 611 dealing wiiih the following subjects:

physical measurements, forces, magnetism and electriciiiy-

GPHYS 562 Introductory Geophysios II (1 - 0 - 0)

Preparatory course for GPHIS 602, 612, dealing wiiih the following subjects:

radioactivity, electromagneiiism, induced po1a.t"izaiiion and. graviiiy.

GPHIS 661 GeoJ?h..ysics I (for mineral exploration) (2 - 1 - 2)

Role of geophysics in mineral exploration, gro'tmd geophysical surveys,

airborne geophysical survey. Principles of instrumentation, field pr'oced1Jl'es,

oompu:l;ations , interpr'etation and applications of the radioactivity method, magnetio

method, self-potential method, and electromagnetio method in the search for ore.

GPHYS 662 GeoJ?h..YSios II (for mineral exploration) (2 - 1 - 2)

(2 - 1 - 2)

The pr'inoiples, instrumenta.tion, field-pr'ooedure, oompu:l;ations, interproe­

tation and applications Of the electrioal meiihods, induced polarization method,

gravity and oombinations of geophysical methods. Field -training on area of known

geology-

GPHYS 663 GeO~iOS I (for hydroseology and engineeriMgeolo_)

Role of geophysios in hydrogeology and engineering geology- Geophysical

ground sur.-veys and geophysical airborne surveys. The pt"inciples, instrumentation,

APPENDIX E (99l1iinued) - xiv -

field pl."ooedure, oomputation, interpl."etation and application of the electrical

resistivity, induoed polarization and well-logging methods.

GPHYS 664 GeOpb.:g.iCS II (for h.ydrogeology and engineeringgeolo_) (2 - 1 - 2)

The prinoiples instrumentation, field prooedure, computation, interpl."eta­

tion and application of the magnetic method, the seismio refraction and reflection

method, and oombinations of geophysical methods.

GPHIS 761 Advanoed Geopb.ysios I (2 - 0 - 2)

The oourse is divided into two parts:

(a) Application of paleomagnetism to geology - The purpose of this oourse is

to introduoe the use of paleomagnetism to geologists to solve a variety of geologio

pl."oblems such as the age and. tectonio history of rooks. This oourse inoludes field

and laboratory measurements and also the qwmUtative and qualitative interpl."etation

of the data obtained.

(b) Advanoed course of interpl."etation in mining geophysios - lJ:he purpose of

this oeurse is to introduce the quantitative interpl."etation techniques of geo­

physical dAta for the following sPeoial methods: Magnetio, gravity, electro­

mapriio and induoed polarization methods.

GPHYS 762 Advanoed GeoPBysios II (2 - 1 - 2)

Resistivity method; quantitative interpretion of V.E.S. curves using

olassical methods, eleotronic computer. Refraction seismic method; advanced

seismic interpl."etation and estimation of earth materials from seismio v.olooities.

study of dipping l~ers and vertical disoontinuities. Induced polarization

method; origin of I.P. phenomena (polarizations), quantitative and qualitative

V. E. S. interpl."etation. I. p. in oase of frequenoy and time-domain methods.

Magnetio method;quaIltitative and qualitative interpl."etation for ground and

aeromagnetio data, mapping faults and dykes. Self-potential method; quantitative

and qualitative interpretation of S.P. data. Bore-hole investigation; quali­

tative interpretation of data for different methods and their correlations.

APPENDIX E (continued) - xv-

G. DEPARTMENT OF HYDROGEOLOGY

COURSE NO TITLE LT LB eR

HYG 571 Fundamental of Hydrogeology 2 1 2

HYG 671 Geohydrology I 2 1 2

HYG 672 Geohydrology II 3 1 3

HYG 673 Groundwater Geology I 2 0 2

HYG 674 Groundwater Geology II 1 1 1

RIG 675 Well Design & Development 1 0 1

HYG 676 H;ydrology I 2 0 2

HYG 677 Hydrology II 2 0 2

HYG 678 Environmental Isotopes & Tracers 2 1 2in Hydrology

HYG 771 Hydro~ics in Porous Media 2 1 2

RIG 772 Advanoed Hydrogeology 2 1 2

HYG 773 Seminar on Current Hydrogeology 2 0 2Problems.

HYG 774 ~geology of Arid Regions 2 0 2

HYG 775 Ground Water in Fissured & 2 0 2Structured Rocks

HYG 776 Engineering Hydrology & Hydraulics 2 1 2

HYG 777 Advanced Ground Water Hydrology 2 1 2

HYG 778 Reservoir Engineering (Water 2 1 2Resouroes, Planning & Development)

HYG 779 Numerical & Ex:perimental Models 2 1 2

HYG 671 Fundamentals of H.ydrogeology (2 - 1 - 2)

The course involves the basic concepts of' ground water occurence and

movement. Ground. water in the hydrologic cycle. The origin of ground. water iD.geologic formations- Aquifers, their types and pl"operties. Structures

affecting ground water movement. Darcy's Law and the determ~tion of perm­

eability in the laboratory and in the field. Water-table maps and ground water

flow lines.

HYG 671 Geo~ydrology I (2 - 1 - 2)

This course involves theories of ground water motion applied to different

flow systems in steady-state cases. Methods for determination of hydraulic

properties in aquifers, and well characteristics through pmaping tests and

APPENDIX E (oontinued) - xvi -

analyses. Analysis and interpt'etation of gl"ound water fluctuations, water­

tables and piezometrio maps. Flow systems ino1uding oonfined, unoonfined,

flowing and 1ea.k;.v systems in unidimensiona1, radial and spherical flow. Theories

governing pt'essure distribution based on the boundary value pt'ob1em, ino1uding

the theory of images.

HYG 672 Geobydro10gy 11 (3 - 1 - 3)

This course involves the study of different flow systems in the non-steady

state case. Non-steady drawdown distribution around. wells of full and partial

penetration in oonfined and unconfined aquifers. F1c)w distribution around 001­

lectors , infiltration. galleries, and large diameter wells. Relationship between

salty and fresh water bodies in the vertical and horizontal sea water intrusion

Methods for oontro11ing salt-water influx. Design of ground water projects and

well arrugement, spaoing, and eoonomics. Use of analogue models in gl"otmd

water studies.

HYG 673 Ground Water Geology 1 (2 - 0 - 2)

This oourse involves study of gl"oundwater oocurrenoe in sedimentmoy, meta­

morphic, and igneous rooks and the effects of faults, folds and unoonformities

on gl"ound water movements- The relationship between the oocurrenoe of gl"ound­

water in various rooks and different land forms and the classification of aqui­

fers aooording to lithology and structures.

HYG 674 Ground Water Geology 11 (1 - 1 - 1)

This course involves the application of photogrammetry to hydrogeo1ogy.

The use of differential parallax, height differenoe, determination of dip and

fault disp1aoement, and delineation of drainage basins.

HYG 675 Well Design & Deve10pnent (1 - 0 - 1)

The oourse involves the different methods and techniques for drilling

water wells and test holes and the study and interpretation of

the drillers, sample and. geophysical logs. Design of water wells, drilling,

casing and screen diameters and lengths, gravel packing, grouting and sealing.

Techniques of developnent and testing.

HYG 676 Hydrology 1 (2 - 0 - 2)

The course involves the study of quantitative geomorpho1ogy including

linear aerial and relief' aspects of drainage basins and channel net-works •.,

APPENDIX E (continued) - xvii

Study of space-time relationships of rainfall. Design of application of rain­

fall data, and oalculation of the effective average rate of pt'eoipitation.

Evaporation from free and soil surfaoe as well as the potential evapotrans­

piration.

HYG 611 gydrology 11 (2 - 0 - 2)

The course involves introductions to isotopes and environmental stable and

radioaotive isotopes in hydrology. Examples of the application of the environ­

mental isotope techniques to hydrological studies in grOllJld aDd ~aoe waters,

interrelations between surfaoe and ground waters, infiltration studies eto­

Introduotion to the different types of applied tracers in hydrology. Discussion

of the typioal formations and oonditions in which the different traoers can be

used.

HYG 111 H.ydrod.ynamios in Porous Media (2 - 1 - 2)

The basic oontent of the oourse oonsists of a broad exposition of the theory

of ground water flow in porous media. This inoludes: solution of pE'oblems of

isotropio a.nd anisotropic natures in ~eady and transient states, case histories

of seepage toward wells and under dams, multiphase flow and dispersion, un­

saturated flow in porous media.

HYG 112 Advanoed H.ydroeeology (2 - 1 - 2)

Treatment of the hydrogeologioal genesis and its effects during the

different periods. Nature and mode of ground. water movement in igneous, meta,­

morphio and sedimentary rooks and the treatment and a.na.lysis of their aquifer

and water pt"operties. Hydrogeologioal st'Udies of rooks in a defined area;

oontrol of tectonio events on the oha:Dge in the surfaoe and. subsarfaoe dra.in­

age system.

HYG 173 Seminar on Current H.ydrogeolog,y Problems (2 - 0 -' 2)

Critioal reading and. presentation of selected topios in h;ydrogeology and

water resources with emphasis on arid environments and. hydrogeology of the

Kingdom. The seminar inoludes topios on reoent symposia and oonferences and

up-to-date developnents dealing with hydrogeologioal problems- Personal

oomments and views are required during the presentation of the seminar topios.

- xviii -APPENDIX E (oontinued)

HYG 774 Kydrogeology of Arid Regions (2 - 0 - 2)

'l'he phenomenon of aridity and semi aridity; charaoteristios and world

olimatic distribution including preoipitation and evapotranspiration. Surface

drainage with respeot to weathering, landforms, runoff, stream and sheet flow

and desert lakes. Ground water with respeot to oocurrenoe, movement and quality.

Natural recharges and disoharges. Looal and regional reservoirs. Strat~graphio

and structural traps and ground water aocumulation. Aquifer under flowing

and artesian condition in arid regions and their developnent in view of their

storage capacity. Irrigation and soil salinity pr'oblems in arid lands. Case

histories.

HYG 775 Ground Water in Fissured & Struotved Books (2 - 0 - 2)

'l'he formation and oonditions governing the oirculation of fissure water.

Free and oonfined fissure water. Prooess of Karstic formations and their

origin. Developnent of Karstio phenomena. Hydrogeologio troperties of Karstic

formation. Peaaliarities of the chemical composition of fissure water. Effect

of structures on ground water flow and hydraulic continuity- Strings; class­

fication, description, sources of water, pl"operties, geochemical troperties.

Investigati-on and developnent of spl"ings. Case histories.

HYO 776 Engineering Kydroloe;y & Kydraulios (2 - 1 - 2)

Engineering hydrology as applied to water project planning. Treatment and

analys·is of meteorological and hydr~logical dat,a. App~ied .a.spec~s of surf~ water and

ground water flow in engineering construotions and designs; seepage problems, uplift

pressures, flow net, dewatering sites of engineering oonstruotions, slope

stabilization, highW8i1 road and airfield drainage through tumlels and. culverts.

Hydraulio engineering including: irrigation and drainage synoptics, combined

design of pipe lines, pumping stations and water tanks, towers and reservoirs.

Dams: types, site seleotion, hydrological studies general lay-out and design.

Multi-purpose utilization of reservoirs: through canalisation, spilW8i1 and

artificial recharge wells for irrigation, flood protection and aquifer replen-

ishment. Case histories of various hydrologic natures.

HYO 777 Advanoed Ground Water H:ydrology (2 - 1 - 2)

'l'he basic oontents of the oourse oonsists of aquifer test , quantitative

analysis and ground water balanoe. 'l'hese include deviation analysis and

- xix -APPENDIX E (continued)

application of solutions pertaining to flow systems of boundary value problems;

uniform and non-uniform aquifer th~ckness, lea.k;r and nonlea.k;r, fully and

partially penetrating wells, multi-aquifers separated by semi-pervious and

impervious beds of different piezometric heads, multiple-bound.ary systems,

flowing and non-flowing systems, collectors and infiltration galleries.

Calculations of ground water recharge and discharge. Hydrologic budget and

ground water balance. Ground water developnent and economic utilization.

HYG 778 Water Resources Planni (2 - 1 - 2)

Appraisal of water resources and methods of water conservation. Systematic

ground water investigation, inventory, projeot formulation and definite planning.

Economio aspects of project, formulation; benefit-cost study and project

composition. System design by operations research; design criteria faro optim­

ization, design by simulation, by mathematical models or by analYtical

prediction and forecast. Case histories.

HYG 779 Numerical &Experimental Models (2 - 1 -2)

Basic oonoepts of models and analogues; oonsex:vation pt"inoiples and appli­

cations to reservoirs as lumped parameter and disturbed - parameter systems.

Grapho-numerical analysis, finite differenoes, parallel-plate model (Hele-Shaw

apparatus), resistanoe - capacity net-.rork analogues, electrioal resistanoe net­

works, digital simulation. Praotical application and case histories.

-xx-

APPllIlDIX E (ootrliinued)

H. DEPARl'MENT OF ENGINEERING GmLOGY

COURSE NO. TITLE LT LB CR- - -EROO 581 Fundamentals of Engineering Geology 2 1 2

EliGG 681 Soil Engineering I 2 2 3EROO 682 Soil Engineering 11 3 2 4'

ENGG 683 Rook Engineering 3 1 3ENGG 684 Engineering Geology Applioations 3 1 3ENOO 685 .Engineering Geology Project 1 4 3EROO 780 Topios in Soil Mechanios 2 1 2

ENGG 781 Earth Struotures 2 1 2

ENGG 782 Soil Dynamios 2 1 2

ENOO 783 Highway Materials 2 2 3

ENGG 784 Elastioity 2 1 2

EliGG 785 Rook Fragmentation 2 0 2

ENGG 786 Topios in Rook Mechanios 2 1 2

ENGG 787 . Environmental Geology 2 0 2

Elioo 788 Geoteohnioal Instrumentation 2 1 2

EROO 789 Speoial studies 2 0 2

ENGG 581 Fundamentals of Engineering Geology (2 - 1 - 2)

Soope of engineering geology. Index properties and olassifioation prooedures

of soils and. rooks. Rook as a oonstruotion material with emphasis on oonorete and.

highway aggregates. Influenoe of geologioal factors on engineering properties and

behaviour of various rooks and soil types.

ENOO 681 Soil Engineering 1 (2 - 2 - 3)

Origin and. formation of soils. Soil struoture. Permeability and seepage.

Compact i on. Shear strength. Consolidation and settlement.

ENGG 682 Soil Engineering 11 (3 - 2 - 4)

Stress distribution under surface loading. Earth pressures and retaining

walls. Stability of slopes. Bearing oapaoity: shallow and deep foundation. Soil

stabi1ization and pavement design.

EliGG 683 Rook Engineering

Physioa1 properties of intact rook and rook masses. Nature and orientation

of rook mass disoontinuities. Engineering properties and behaviour of in situ

- :xxi -APPF.m>IX E (continued)

rocks. Measurement of in situ stresses. Stability of rock slopes. Methods of

improving rock properties.

EN'oo 684 Engineering Geology Applications (3 - 1 - 3)

The role of a geologist in an engineering organization. Investigation of the

suitability and characteristics of sites as they affect the design and construction

of civil engineering works. Geological aspects of urban planning. Engineering

geology of roads, bridges, dams and tu:rmels.

ENOO 685 Engineering Geology Project

Investigation of local and regional problems. Preparation of maps and plans

in terms of engineering geology. Organization of engineering geological reports.

Case histories.

ENoo 780 Topics in Soil Mechanics (2 - 1 - 2)

Stress, deformation and strength characteristics of soils. Foundations of

buildings in clay and sand. Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground.

ENGG 781 Earth Structures (2 - 1 - 2)

Soils as construction materials; compaction characteristics of soils. Pro­

perties of compacted soils. Stability of natural and m~e slopes. Design of

earth-embankments for highway fills and dams. Groundwater and seepage problems.

Field instrumentat ion.

ENoo 782 Soil BYnamics (2 - 1 - 2)

Fundamental principles of dynamics. Behaviour of dynamically-loaded soils.

Design procedures for dynamically-loaded foundations. Introduction to earthquake

engineering.

moo 783 Highway Material (2 - 2,- 3)

Bituminous mixtures. Components-binder aggregate, filler._ Types and appli­

cation of mixture. Design, methods of construction, and control.

ENoo 784 Elasticity (2 - 1 - 2)

Notion of stress and strain. Basic equations of linear theory of elastic

media. Plane stress and plane strain problems. Stress f'unctions; two-4imensional

problems in rectangular and polar co-ordinates. Techniques of stress analysis.

- xxii -APPENmx E (OOJltinued)

ENGG 785 Rock Fragmentation (2 - 0 - 2)

Theories and techniques of rock fragmentation. Nature, composition and usage

of explosives. Surface and subsurface excavations in rock.

moo 786 Topics in Rock Mechanics (2 - 1 - 2)

Mechanical properties and behaviour of rocks. Rook model studies. Design

and stability of struotures in rook.

lifiGG 787 Environmental Geoloq (2 - 0 - 2)

Geological hazards and hostile environments. Importanoe of urban geology.

Geological control o~ city environment. Jlineral extraction and environment.

ER'GG 788 Geotechnical Instrumentat ion (2 - 1 - 2)

Measurement of ground movements. Methods and devioes for measurement of

loads. Pore pressure and earth pressure measurements. Elcamples from instrumented

foundations and foundation structures. Recording and processing of field data.

EIOG 789 Speoial Studies (2 - 0 - 2)

Ind~vidual studies requiring a comprehensive investigation on a topic of

engineering geological interest in a selected field of speoialization.

I. DEPARl'MEN'1' OF JlATHl!JIATICS

COUBSE 1lO. TITLE LT LB CR- - -GJIA'l'H 501 Mathematics I 2 0 0

GMATH 502 Mathematics 11 1 1 1

GMATH 503 Geostatistics 1 0 0

GMA.TH 504 Operational mathematics 1 1 1

GMA'l'H 505 Mathematics III 2 0 2

GMATH 506 Computer Soienoe 1 2 2

GMATH 501 Mathematics I (1 - 0 - 0)

An introductory oourse involving exponents, radicals. Linear Algebra, arith­

matic and geometric progressions, binomial theorem, exponential logarithmic

fUnctions, analytical geometry, cylindrical and polar co-ordinates, and parametric

equations. Limits, differentiation and integration with application to rate of

change of a fUnction, its derivative, inverse fUnctions, inflection points, maxima

and minima. Indefinite integrals, exponential and hyperbolic fUnotions, methods

of integration and numerical methods.

- xxiii -

APPENDIX E (cont inued)

GMATH 502 Mathematios 11 (1 - 1 - 1)

Mathematios 11 oovers: partial differentiations. Multiple integrals. Infi­

nite series, power series, and oomplex numbers. Ordin.a.ry and partial differential

equations.

GMATH 503 Geostatistios (1 - 0 - 0)

An introduotory oourse in statistioal analysis inoluding basio oonoepts,

random variables, various distributions, random sampling, signifioanoe test, and

X2 tests, oonfidenoe intervals, least squares and practioal applioation in geology.

GMATH 504 Operational Mathematios (1-1-1)

Operational mathematios is an advanoed oourse oovering speoial mathematioal

rules and funotions currently used in hydrogeology and engineering problems.

Leipnitz rule, F'ourier series and transformation, Laplaoe transformation, Bessel

funotions and equations, and funotions of oomplex variables.

GMATH 505 Mathematios III (2 - 0 - 2)

Line and surface integrals. Theory of oompl~x analytioal functions, oon­

formal mapping, oomplex integrals, integration by the method of residues. Poten­

tial theory and boundary value problems. Heat equation, diffusion equation and

analogous boundary value problems. Applioation to groundwater hydrology problems.

GMA'l'H 606 Computer Soienoe (1 - 2 - 2)

Computer programming. Computer solutions of geological problems. Number

systems. Machine representation of number, error analysis, advanoed programming

and techniques.

SAU/72/003

(Phase 11- beginning1.9.1973)

ABDULAZIZ, M.I.

ABDULAZIZ, M.I.

ABDULAZIZ, M.I. andBASTA, E.Z.

AL-GHAJIDI, Ahmed G.

AIr-HAJERI, F.Y•

~, F.Y.

~JERY, F.Y.

AL-HARBY, M.M.

AL-JADAAN, K.

.AJ.r.iCAHTANI, M.

AL-KAHTANI, M.

~TIB, Iyad.

~TIB, I.A.

AL4WiSOUR, Z.

.AI.1tANSOUR, Z.

APPENDIX F

Researoh BibliographY

Institute for Applied Geology

(1972): Geology of the Area between Wadi A1-Haweya andWadi Ghy'ya South of Taif Area (711). Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1975): Geo10gioa1, minera10gioa1 and geoohemioal studieson Jaba1 Idsas iron ore and its origin. M.So. thesis,IAG, King Abd.u1aziz University, Jeddah; also IAG ResearohSeries, No. 3, 1977.

( 1976): Mineralogy and origin of Jabal Idsas iron ore,Saudi Arabia. 25th Intern. Geol. Congress, SYdney,Abstract, Vol. 1, p. 149.

(1976): Geology of South Wadi Thariara. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1974): Geology of Hadabat as Souq Area Taif Region,Saudi Arabia. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1974): HyUrogeo10gy of Wadi Liyyah, Taif Area. Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1975): Groundwater studies of Wadi Qudaid. M.So. the~is,IAG, King Abdu1aziz University, Jeddah; also as IAG ResearohSeries No. 2, 1977.

(1978): Groundwater studies in Wadi Fatima Area. M.So.thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz Univers.ity, Jeddah (in prep­aration).

(1974): HyUrogeo10gy of Wadi Maadan, Tatf Area, Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1975): Geology of Wadi Baqran Area (Taif Region). Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1978): Engineering geology of Jeddah subsoi1s. M.So.thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (in prep­aration).

(1975): Geology of the Area between Wadi Busal and WadiTharira At-JI'aif. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah:

(1977): Groundwater studies in Usfan Ar~a. M.So. thesis,IAG, King Abdu1aziz University, Jeddah (in preparation).

(1975): Geology of the Area between Wadi Mohrim and WadiEl-M~bah at Al Hada west of At-JI'aif oity_ Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1977): Geology and properties of aggregates aroundJeddah. M.So. thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University,J eddah (in preparat ion).

APPENDIX F contd.

AL-MOLKI, M.E.

AL-NUJAIDI, H.

AL-NUJAIDI, H.

AL-RAHAILI, M.H.

AL-sAAFIN, A.K.

AL-SAGAABY, I.A.

AL-SAGAABY, I.A.

AL-SA.RI, A.K.

AL-SARI, A.K.

AL-SHA:NTI, A.M. andMITCHELL, A.H.G.

AL-SHA:NTI, M.M.

ALTAF, A.

AL-WATBAN, N.F.

AL-WATBAN, N.F.

!RIND, A.

ARINAN, A.

(H)

(1976): Geology of the Area Between Wadi Turabah andWadi Arbakan, South East of At.JI'aif Region. Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1975): Geology of Wadi Al-Maddan Area. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1978): Groundwater studies in Khulais Area. M. Se.thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (in prep-aration). .

(1976): Geology of West Wadi Bisse1 Area. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1976): Geology of Jaba1 Al-Khea1ah Area. Diploma thesis,.IAG, Jeddah.

(1974): Hydrogeology of Wadi Wijj, Taif Area. Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1976): Groundwater potentiality of Tabuk and Saq Aquifersin Tabuk Area. M.Sc. thesis, IAG, King Abdu1aziz UniversityJeddah; also to be published as IAG Research Series No. 4,1978.(1974): Geology of Western Taif City. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1976): Comparative study on the mineralization at Al-Amarand Umm Ash-5ha1ahib areas. M.Sc. thesis, IAG, King Abdu1­aziz University, Jeddah.

(1976): Late Precambrian subduction and collision in theA1-Amar-Idsas region, Arabian Shield, Kingdom of SaudiArabia. Tectonophysics, Vol. 30, pp. 41-47; also as IAGReprint.

(1973): Geology and mineral exploration, Mughayra area.M.Sc. thesis, IAG.

(1975): Geology of Wadi Al Sir. Diploma thesis, IAG,Jeddah.

(1975): Geology of the Area Between Wadi Busal and WadiAfrah, 33 Km southeast of At.JI'aif Town. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1976): Groundwater potentiality of Tabuk and Saq Aquifersin Qasim Area. M.Sc. thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah.

(1971): Geology of the northeastern Jeddah, Usfan district.Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah..

(1973): Investigation on geology and mineralization of thecentral part of El-Koom Area, Norihern Afif (Ash-ShumtaQuadrangle), M.Sc. thesis, IAG, College of Petroleum andMinerals, Dhahran.

APPENDI X F contd.

AWLIA, M.

BAGHDADI, A.J.

BAGHDADI, A.J.

BASHAWRI, M.

BASHAWRI, M.

BASYONI, M.

BAZUHAI R, A.

BOKHARI, F.

BOKHARI, F.

BOKHARI, M.

BOKHARI, M.

BOUNNY, J.

BOUNNY, I.

EISA, Y.

GHAZAL, M.

GHURM, A.A.

HAKIM, H.

HAKIM, H.D.

(Hi)

(1971): Wadi Muthwad, W. Fatima. Diploma thesis, IAO,Jeddah.

(1971): Geologic report on Arafat district No. 23. Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1973): Investigation on geology and mineralization ofthe southern part of the southern Rannya Area (SouthernHijaz and Southern Najd Quadrangles). M.Sc. thesis, IAG,College of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran.

(1974): Geology of Wadi Liyyah Region. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1976): The granitic rocks in the Qu.waiyhah~tibiArea.M.Sc. thesis, IAO, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.

(1971): Geology of area No. 33. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1976): A Contribution to the Geology of an Area in theUpper Wadi Turabah. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1972): Geological report of Area No. 712, South of At..JI'aif.Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1975): Um-Addabah area, relation between shear zones andmineralization. M.Sc. thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz Univer­sity, Jeddah.

(1976): Geology of Wadi Shross, Wadi Drass and Wadi A1­Golanit. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1978): The magnesite deposit of Jabal Rokham. M.Sc.thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (in prep-aration). .

( 1971 ): 1. Geology of J. Abu Nsur Area, Wadi Fat ima district.2. Geology of the southern part of J. Abu Bakr,

w. Fatima region. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1973): Geology and mineral e:xploration of Wadi DevaraArea, saudi Arabia. M.Sc. thesis, King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah.

(1976): Geology of Wadi Almarkh Area. Diploma thesis, IAG,Jeddah.

(1976): Geology of Wadi Al-owmq Area. Diploma thesis, lAG,Jeddah.

(1976): Geology of Wadi Warigah Umm AssWad. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1971): Geol. Rept. of area No. 11, Usfan district. Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1973): Detailed investigation on geology and mineralizationof the Al-Hajeej ancient mine (Southern Rannyah Area, South­ern Hijaz Quadrangle). M.Sc. thesis, IAG, College of Petro­leum and Minerals, Dhahran.

APPDIDIX F contd.

HmEF, M.R.

JADAAlf, K.

KADI, T.M.

KATTAlf, F.H.

KHALiF, H.M.

KHUK.ANDY, M.E.

KOLAK, Z.

KOLAK, Z.

KOLAK, Z. andBASTA, E.Z.

KURDI, Fouad B.

M:ARZOUKI, F.M.H.

MA.RZOUKI, F .MeR.

MAWAD, M.

KAWAD. M.

NAJAIM. 0.5.

NAWAB, Z.A.

(iv)

(1971): Kalakan Area, Arafat district. Diploma thesis.IAG, Jeddah.

(1973): Investigation of geology and mineralization ofwest El-Koom (Northwestern part of Ash Shumta Qu.adrangle).M.So. thesis. IAG, College of Petroleum and Minerals,Dhahran.

(1974): Geologioal and Bydrogeologioal Studies WadiM:aadan, Taif Area. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah. ,

(1976): Geology of Wadi Al-Kedadah Area, South East ofAl-'l'aif Region. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jedd8h.

(1976): Geology of the Area between Wadi Dura and WadiThaha. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1971): Geol. Rept. of area No. 16, Shymaysi distriot.Diploma thesis. IAG. Jeddah.

(1972): Geology of Area No. 713, Wadi Shugsan Area.Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1975): The mafio-ultramafio and related rooks of JabalBitran area. M.Sc. thesis. IAG. King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah.

(1974): Geology of the Area Between Wadi Nakhb and WadiAl-Arj. Northeast of At-'l'aif Town. Diploma thesis, IAG,Jeddah.

(1976): Geology and mineralization of the area betweenWadi Bidah and Wadi Sabiha (Mahawiyah). M.So. thesis. IAG,King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.

(1978): The Mineralization at Mahawiyah Mine. IAG BulletinNo. 3 (in press).

(1976): Geology of South Wadi Alsir. Diploma thesis. IAG.Jeddah.

(1971): Geology of area No. 14. Usfan distriot. Diplomathesis. IAG, Jeddah.

(1973): Investigation on the geology and mineralizationof the oentral part of Ash-Shumta Distriot, North Afif Area(Jabal Ash Shumta Quadrangle). M.So. thesis, IAG, Collegeof Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran.

(1974): Geology of the area between Taif and Wadi LiyaJ1(Ghadeer El Banet). Diploma thesis. IAG, Jeddah.

(1976): Geology and mineralization of Mandaha Distriot.M.So. thesis. IAG. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.

(1976): Geology of Wadi Al Gazail. Diploma thesis. IAG,Jeddah.

(1971): Geology of the area between W. Muharraq and W. AbuJefala. Diploma thesis. IAG, Jeddah.

APPmDIX F oontd.

NAWAB, Z.A.

(v)

(1913): Detailed investigation on geology and mineraliza­tion of Al-Ghrayah Area of southern Ranyah Distriot (South­ern Hijaz Quadrangle). M.So. thesis, IAG, College ofPetroleum and Minerals, Dhahran.

NEBERT, K.; AL-SHAIBI,A.A.; AWLIA, M.;BOUNNY, I.; NAWAB, Z.A.;SHARI F, O.H.; SHERBINI ,O.A. and YESLAM, A.H. (1914): Geology of the area north of Wadi Fatima, Kingdom

of Saudi Arabia, IAG Bulletin No. 1.

RADAIN, A. (1911): Geology of area No. 21, Arafat distriot. Diplomathesis, IAG, Jeddah.

RADAIN, A. (1913): Investigation on geology and petrology insouthern Ranyah Area (Southern Hijaz Quadrangle). M.So.thesis, IAG, College of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran.

SAAD, K.; HACKER, P.;KHATIB, I.; HAKIM H.

SAHL, M.

SAHL, M.

SHERBINI, O.A.

SHERBINI, O.A.

SHERIF, O.H.

SHERIF, O.H.

TAIBAH, A.M.K.

TAYEB, G.M.

TAYEB, G.M.

TAYEB, J.M.

(1918): Hydr0rology of Jeddah quadrangle. DGMR publioa.­tion (in press).

(1916): Geology of East Wadi Al-«a.d.dan. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1918): Copper, Lead and Zino mineralization at Umm-AdDamar. M.So. thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah (in preparation).

(1911 ): Geology of the western part of J. Shubairim.Geology of the area between Wadi Goss al1-d W. Al-Ramdah.Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1913): Detailed investigations on geology and mineraliza­tion of the Kithinah Area, Southern Ra.nyah Distriot(Southern Hijaz Quadrangle). M.So. thesis, IAG, Collegeof Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran.

(1911): Jabal Abou Bakr, W. Fatima. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1913): Investigation on geology and mineralization ofthe oentral part of the southern Ranyah Distriot (Hijazand Southern Najd Quadrangle). M.So. thesis, IAG,'Collegeof Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran.

(1911): Geol. Rept. of area No. 20, Arafat District.Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1911): Geology of the Shumaysi district. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1913): Detailed investigation on geology and mineraliza­tion of the Al~odairaArea of Southern Ranyah District(Southern Hijaz Quadrangle). M.So. thesis, IAG, Collegeof Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran.

(1916): Geology of Gebel Nahia Area. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

APPENDIX F oontd.

THEICAIR, M.

THElCAIR, 14.

TOWFIK, M.

TOWFIK, M.

'l'URKISTA'NY, A.

TURKISTABY, A.

YESLAM, A.H.

lESLAM, A.H.

ZUBEIR, M.O.

ZUBAIR, M.O.

(vi)

(1912): Geology of Wadi Klakh Region (Area No. 115).Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1915): Carbonate rooks in Al Amar Asihaliya. District.14.50. thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah;also IAG Research Series, No. 1, 1916.(1915): Geology of Wadi Thariara Area. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1918): The Cu - Zn - Pb mineralization at Bahrah'Area.14.50. thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (inpreparation).

(1916): Geology of the Area between Wadi Al-Sir and WadiShurgra, 21 Km southeast of At-JI'aif Town. Diploma thesis,IAG, Jeddah.

(1918): Radioactive pegmatites of Jabal Sayid. 14.50,thesis, IAG, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (in prep­aration).

(1911): w. Mathwab and the eastern part of J. Shobairim.Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1913): Investigation on geology and mineralization ofthe northern part of the southern Ran.Yah Area (SouthernHijaz and Najd Quadrangle). 14.50. thesis, IAG, College ofPetroleum and Minerals, Dhahran.

(1914): The Geology of Wadi Liyya.h - Wadi Nakhub Southeastof Taif. Diploma thesis, IAG, Jeddah.

(1916): Geologioal, petrologioal and geochemioal studyon the Ruga.an layered intrusion. 14.50. thesis, IAG, KingAbdulaziz University, Jeddah.

SAU/12/003

APPENDIX G

Nature and Fields of Research at the Institute for Applied Geology

Mineral Resources:

Research work in the field of mineral resources has been confined tothree main districts; namely Wadi Ranyah, Al Amar-Idsas and Wadi Bidah. The workitself can be classified into three main categories:

(H)

(a) Investigations on existing ore deposits and mineral prospects -

(i) 'The iron ore deposit of Jabal Idsas', research submittedfor M.Sc. by M. Abdulaziz in 1915, was published in theIAG Research Series No. 3, 1911. A modified extract fromthis work entitled 'Mineralogy and origin of Jaoal Ideasiron ore, Saudi Arabia' by M. Abdulaziz and E.Z. Basta, waspresented at the 25th International Geological Congress atSydney.

Geology and mineralization of the area between Wadi Bidahand Wadi Sabiha (Kahawiyah); research submitted for M.Sc.by Z. Kolak in 1916. The work will be published in the IAGResearch Series.

(iH)

(iv)

(v)

'Geology and mineralization of Wadi Kandaha district', researchsubnitted for M.Sc. by M. Kawad in 1916.

'Comparative study on the mineralization at AI-Amar ai1d lJmIaAsh-shala.b.ib areas', research submitted for X.Se. by A. AI­Sarri in 1916.

'The Cu - Zn - Pb mineralizatiOn at Bahrah area', researchalmost completed, to be subnitted for M.Sc. by M. Toufik.

(b)

(c)

Research work in mineral exploration -

(i) Ranyah area: investigations submitted for X.So. by O. Sherif,A. Yeslam, A. Baghdadi, A. Radain, Z. lravab, G. Tayeb,H. Hakim and O. Sherbini, in 1913.

(ii) Afif area: investigations submitted for M.So. by A. Arinan,F. Marsouki, H. Khalef and R. Hanif, in 1913.

(iii) Um-Addabah area: relation between shear zones and mineral­ization, researoh submitted for M.So. by F. Bokhari in 1915,and will be published in the IAG Researoh Series.

(iv) )fugtlayra area: geology and mineral explorat ion, researchsubmitted by M. AI-5hanti (1913). _

(v) Wadi Devara: geology and mineral exploration, researoh sub­mitted by I. BOU111'l.Y (1913).

Research work in almost pure geological topics, carried out on importantunits of the Arabian Shield that were, however, found to be non­mineralized. These include four works, as follows:

(i) 'Carbonate rooks in Al Ama.r-Asihaliya district', researohsubmitted for M.So. by M. Thekair in 1915, and published asIAG Research Series No. 1, 1916.

APPJiamx G oontd. (ii)

(ii) 'The mafio-ultramafio and related rocks of Jabal Bitranarea', researoh submitted for M.So. by M.E. Khukandy in1915. The work is being published in the lAG ResearchSeries No. 4.

(iU) 'Geologioal, petrologioal and geochemioal study on theRugaan layered intrusion', researoh submitted for M.So. byM. Zubair in 1916.

(iv) 'The granitio rooks in the Quwaiyhah-Atibit area', researohsubmitted for M.So. by M. Bashawri in 1916.

'The magnetio deposit of Jabal Rakham', researoh to be sub­mitted for M.So. degree by M. Bokhari in 1978.

'The radioactive pegmatites of Jabal Sayid', research to besubmitted for M.So. degree by A. Turkestani in 1918.

(ii)

Moreover, a number of current research studies in mineral resouroesare at present being oarried out by the M.So. students and staff oflAG. These inolude:

(i)

(d)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

'The Cu - Zn - Au mineralization at Um Ad Damar', researohto be submitted for M.So. degree by M. Sahl in 1978.

'Correlation between the titaniferous iron ores on eitherside of the Red Sea (Egypt and Saudi Arabia)', researohbeing oarried out by E.Z. Basta.

'The polysulfide Ag-Cu-zn mineralization at Safra', researchbeing oarried out by O. Mahdi.

'Mineralogioal study on the Ag(Cu-Zn) mineralization atNugrah', researoh being oarried out by H. Sohollekens.

'The polysulfide mineralization at Wadi Sohwas', researohbeing oarried out by A. Al-Sarri.

B.ydrogeolog;y:

Three main distriots have been studied hydrogeologioally; namely,Taif Region, the Red Sea Coast in the vioinity of Jeddah and the Great NafudBasin. These districts are oonsidered among the most promising areas for ground­water exploitation in the oountry.

(a) Taif Region - researoh studies included three wadis and were presentedby the post-graduate student s in partial :fUlfilment of their AdvancedDiploma requirements.

(i) Wadi Liyyah; research submitted by F. AI-Hajeri in 1914.(ii) Wadi Wijj; researoh submitted by I. Al-Sagaby in 1914.(iii) Wadi Salama-Maaden; research submitted by K. Al-Jada.a.:n in 1914.

(b) Red Sea Coast - research included that on five important wadis alongthe Red Sea Coast -

(i) Wadi Qudaid; research submitted for M.So. by F. Al-Hajeri in1915. This work is published in the lAG Research SeriesNo. 2, 1911.

APPENDIX G oontd. (iU)

(ii)

(Ui)

(iv)

(v)

Wadi Usfan; research submitted for M.So. by I. Al-1Chateebin 1977.

Wadi Khulais; researoh under study by H. Al.-«ujaidi forM.So. and expected to be submitted early in 1978.

Wadi Fatima; research under study by M. Al-Harby, 1978.

Wadi Numan; research under study by A. Gamdi for X.So. andexpeoted to be submitted mid-1978.

(o) Great liaf'ud Basin - two important areas having flowing artesianpressures have been stUdied and findings submitted by ~st-graduate

students in partial fulfilment of their M.So. degree requirElllents -

(i) Tabuk area; research submitted by I. Al-8agaby in 1976.This work is being published in the IAG Research Serieslfo. 5, 1978.

(ii) Qasim area; research submitted by If. Al-Watban in 1977.

Engineering GeoloQ':

Research activity in engineering geology has been oonfined to the areaaround Jeddah, where large quantities of oonstruction materials are utilized forroad and building oonstruotion. The present research activity has, therefOre,ooncentrated mai.nl;y on two important aspects of immediate engineering merest.;namely, the subsoil oonditions and aggregates. This research is being oarriedout by two X.SO. students, Xessrs. Alkahtani and A~our.

Geologio Xapping:

Three main areas have been selected by the IAG, as research areasto be studied by the students. They are; Fatima, Tatf and Al-Jubub. The Fatimaarea was studied in 1971 by the first group of geologists and their oompiledwork has been published in the IAG Bulletin lfo. 1. The Taif area was studiedby 24 geologists of groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 during the period 1973 - 1975 andtheir oompiled work is being published in the IAG Bulletin 11'0. 2. The Al-Jububarea. was studied in 1976 by 18 geologists of groups six and seven in 1976 and1977 respectively, and the oompilation of this work is in progress.