inspiring fraternity men: a three tiered peer education approach for sexual assault prevention dara...

Inspiring Fraternity Men: Inspiring Fraternity Men: A Three Tiered Peer A Three Tiered Peer

Education Approach for Education Approach for Sexual Assault Sexual Assault

PreventionPreventionDara Raboy-Picciano, LCSWDara Raboy-Picciano, LCSW

Matt Skojec, MSW, MSEd Matt Skojec, MSW, MSEd Binghamton UniversityBinghamton University

Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

Binghamton’s ProgramBinghamton’s Program

20:1 Peer Education Program20:1 Peer Education Program Founded in 2004Founded in 2004 Received Funding in 2005Received Funding in 2005 Why Three TiersWhy Three Tiers Forming the TiersForming the Tiers New Member EdNew Member Ed


The First Tier: The The First Tier: The Empathy Based ProgramEmpathy Based Program Model Based on John Foubert’s “The Men’s Program”Model Based on John Foubert’s “The Men’s Program” 20:1 developed the first tier to fit BU campus culture20:1 developed the first tier to fit BU campus culture First Tier builds empathy through understanding sexual First Tier builds empathy through understanding sexual

assault definitionassault definition Police Training VideoPolice Training Video Discussion around victim blaming, victim experience, Discussion around victim blaming, victim experience,

as well as how to help a victimas well as how to help a victim Empathy is BuiltEmpathy is Built Lack of Understanding around ConsentLack of Understanding around Consent

Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/Rosario//20:1 2009Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/Rosario//20:1 2009

The Second Tier: The The Second Tier: The Awareness Based ProgramAwareness Based Program

Consent Model: Bret Sokolow, Alan BerkowitzConsent Model: Bret Sokolow, Alan BerkowitzDiscussion of definition of sexual assaultDiscussion of definition of sexual assaultDiscussion of definition of consentDiscussion of definition of consentPlay the Consent GamePlay the Consent Game©©Discussion/Know the Facts hand outDiscussion/Know the Facts hand outLisak’s “The Undetected Rapist” DVD and stats Lisak’s “The Undetected Rapist” DVD and stats

usedused

Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/Rosario//20:1 2009Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/Rosario//20:1 2009

The Consent Game©The Consent Game© Purpose of the Consent Game:Purpose of the Consent Game: A tool to facilitate discussion with students, faculty, A tool to facilitate discussion with students, faculty,

professional and paraprofessional staff around issues professional and paraprofessional staff around issues of consent and sexual assault.of consent and sexual assault.

How It Works:How It Works: Most People know the Definitions of Sexual Assault Most People know the Definitions of Sexual Assault

and Consent.and Consent. When it comes to the practical Application personal When it comes to the practical Application personal

biases and myths may emerge.biases and myths may emerge. Through the use of this game, with real life scenarios, Through the use of this game, with real life scenarios,

trained facilitators can begin to challenge those trained facilitators can begin to challenge those biases and myths in a fun non-threatening way.biases and myths in a fun non-threatening way.

Dara Raboy-Picciano, Juan RosarioDara Raboy-Picciano, Juan Rosario©© 2005 2005

The Consent Game©The Consent Game©

Types of Scenarios used:Types of Scenarios used: Scenario 1: Consent: Proceeding from Scenario 1: Consent: Proceeding from

one form of sexual activity to anotherone form of sexual activity to another Scenario 2: Consent and coercionScenario 2: Consent and coercion Scenario 3: Consent and incapacitation Scenario 3: Consent and incapacitation

due to alcohol or drugsdue to alcohol or drugs

Dara Raboy-Picciano and Juan RosarioDara Raboy-Picciano and Juan Rosario©© 2005. 2005.

The Consent Game©The Consent Game©

Role of MCsRole of MCs

Facilitate DiscussionFacilitate Discussion Bring out Talking PointsBring out Talking Points Challenge PerspectivesChallenge Perspectives Challenge Victim BlamingChallenge Victim Blaming Challenge Rape MythsChallenge Rape Myths Challenge Rigid Gender Biases , Beliefs and Gender Challenge Rigid Gender Biases , Beliefs and Gender

RolesRoles Give the Facts: Hand out “Know the Facts”Give the Facts: Hand out “Know the Facts”

Dara Raboy-Picciano and Juan RosarioDara Raboy-Picciano and Juan Rosario©© 2005. 2005.

The Third Tier: The Third Tier: The Bystander ProgramThe Bystander Program Modeled from Banyard’s “Bringing in the Bystander”Modeled from Banyard’s “Bringing in the Bystander” Review Sexual Assault/Consent Definitions Review Sexual Assault/Consent Definitions Discuss what it means to be a BystanderDiscuss what it means to be a Bystander Give personal example of own struggle with being a Give personal example of own struggle with being a

bystanderbystander Empathy building exerciseEmpathy building exercise Bystander Group ActivityBystander Group Activity Questions and DiscussionQuestions and Discussion End with the Rape of Mr. SmithEnd with the Rape of Mr. Smith

Raboy-Picciano//Rosario/20:1 2009Raboy-Picciano//Rosario/20:1 2009

The Bystander Group The Bystander Group ActivityActivity

Purpose of ExercisePurpose of Exercise To allow the exploration of bystander intervention through the use To allow the exploration of bystander intervention through the use

of realistic scenariosof realistic scenarios Explore and challenge different perspectives, biases, related Explore and challenge different perspectives, biases, related

specifically to sexual assault as well as bystander intervention in specifically to sexual assault as well as bystander intervention in generalgeneral

Encourage behavior change/intervention through discussion/real Encourage behavior change/intervention through discussion/real life scenarioslife scenarios

How Activity Works:How Activity Works: Form groups of four or fiveForm groups of four or five Read scenario Read scenario Each group will discuss how they would respond if they were in Each group will discuss how they would respond if they were in

situation and come up with group answersituation and come up with group answer Each group shares their response with reason for answerEach group shares their response with reason for answer



Role of Facilitators:Role of Facilitators: Facilitators have list of possible bystander Facilitators have list of possible bystander

intervention for discussionintervention for discussion Discuss talking points: what makes intervening Discuss talking points: what makes intervening

more likely, under what conditions, why, who, more likely, under what conditions, why, who, what, where what, where

Facilitators observe group interaction and write Facilitators observe group interaction and write down other responses not given as group down other responses not given as group answer; ask group why these interventions answer; ask group why these interventions were not offeredwere not offered


The Bystander Group The Bystander Group ActivityActivity Scenarios:Scenarios:

1) You are at a party. You see a guy pushing up on a girl, trying 1) You are at a party. You see a guy pushing up on a girl, trying to dance with her. She looks uncomfortable, trying to get away to dance with her. She looks uncomfortable, trying to get away from him, but he persist. What do you do?from him, but he persist. What do you do?

2) You are at a bar when it closes and while waiting for a cab your 2) You are at a bar when it closes and while waiting for a cab your roommate is talking to a woman who is clearly slurring her words roommate is talking to a woman who is clearly slurring her words and swaying back and forth. He tells you that he wants the room and swaying back and forth. He tells you that he wants the room for the night for himself and his “new” friend. What do you do?for the night for himself and his “new” friend. What do you do?

3) At a concert “after party” an intoxicated female is in a room and 3) At a concert “after party” an intoxicated female is in a room and gives head to a guy who proceeds to tell his buddies. One by one gives head to a guy who proceeds to tell his buddies. One by one they go into the room and get head. What do you do?they go into the room and get head. What do you do?



Scenarios:Scenarios:

4) You are working out at the gym and this guy is always there 4) You are working out at the gym and this guy is always there hitting on women. On this one occasion you notice he is taking a hitting on women. On this one occasion you notice he is taking a picture of a girl’s butt with his cell phone while she is working out picture of a girl’s butt with his cell phone while she is working out on the tread mill. What do you do?on the tread mill. What do you do?

5) You are at a house party and you think a guy might have 5) You are at a house party and you think a guy might have slipped something into a girl’s drink he is sitting next to. You ask if slipped something into a girl’s drink he is sitting next to. You ask if she is his friend and he replies that she will be in a couple of she is his friend and he replies that she will be in a couple of minutes. What do you do?minutes. What do you do?

6) You are at a house party. You walk into a room looking for the 6) You are at a house party. You walk into a room looking for the bathroom and you see two individuals kissing and fondling each bathroom and you see two individuals kissing and fondling each other. They look pretty drunk. What do you do?other. They look pretty drunk. What do you do?


Data AnalysisData Analysis

Over 200 Fraternity MenOver 200 Fraternity Men Pre/Post Test QuestionsPre/Post Test Questions Quantitative/Qualitative AnalysisQuantitative/Qualitative Analysis Need for all Three TiersNeed for all Three Tiers Self-Reported Perpetration RatesSelf-Reported Perpetration Rates


Data GroupsData Groups

Two groups of fraternity menTwo groups of fraternity men Group One; n = 198Group One; n = 198

Received first tier Empathy-based programReceived first tier Empathy-based program

Group Two; n = 36Group Two; n = 36 Received second tier Awareness-based programReceived second tier Awareness-based program Slightly older on average than group one Slightly older on average than group one

participantsparticipants


Data Group OneData Group OneRace/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity Frequency Frequency Percent Percent

African-American African-American 8 8 4.0 4.0

Asian-American Asian-American 48 48 24.2 24.2

Caucasian/Euro-American Caucasian/Euro-American 119 119 60.1 60.1

Latino/Hispanic Latino/Hispanic 9 9 4.5 4.5

Middle Eastern-American Middle Eastern-American 1 1 0.60.6

Multi-racial American Multi-racial American 1 1 0.560.56

International International 4 4 2.0 2.0

Other Other 8 8 4.0 4.0

TOTALTOTAL 198198 100100


Data Group TwoData Group TwoRace/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity Frequency Frequency Percent Percent

Euro-American (Caucasian) Euro-American (Caucasian) 29 29 80.6 80.6

Latino-Hispanic American Latino-Hispanic American 1 1 2.8 2.8

Middle Eastern American Middle Eastern American 2 2 5.6 5.6

Multi Racial American Multi Racial American 2 2 5.6 5.6

International International 1 1 2.8 2.8

Other Other 1 1 2.8 2.8

TOTALTOTAL 36 36 100.0 100.0


Drinking Behavior of Data Drinking Behavior of Data GroupsGroups

Drinks/Drinks/week week

FrequencyFrequency Percent Percent

0 0 27 27 13.6 13.6

1-3 1-3 36 36 18.218.2

4-6 4-6 33 33 16.716.7

7+ 7+ 102 102 51.551.5

Drinks/Drinks/week week

Frequency Frequency Percent Percent

0 0 0 0 0 0

1-3 1-3 0 0 0 0

4-6 4-6 2 2 5.65.6

7+ 7+ 34 34 94.494.4

Data Group One Data Group Two


The Three QuestionsThe Three Questions

To what degree are men reporting perceived To what degree are men reporting perceived perpetration of sexual assault?perpetration of sexual assault?

Does the program facilitate a change in attitude Does the program facilitate a change in attitude regarding sexual assault?regarding sexual assault?

Is the program facilitating, or at least Is the program facilitating, or at least encouraging, behavioral change?encouraging, behavioral change?


Self-Reported Perpetration Self-Reported Perpetration Rates-Before TrainingRates-Before Training

Both groups were asked the question, “Do you Both groups were asked the question, “Do you believe you have engaged in behaviors that meet believe you have engaged in behaviors that meet the definition of sexual assault?”the definition of sexual assault?”

Data Group One had self-report rates in pre-testing Data Group One had self-report rates in pre-testing showing 6.6% of men (13) felt they had engaged in showing 6.6% of men (13) felt they had engaged in behavior that could be defined as sexual assault.behavior that could be defined as sexual assault.

Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009Group One

Have not

Have


Self-Reported Perpetration Self-Reported Perpetration Rates-Before TrainingRates-Before Training

Data Group Two had self-report rates in pre-testing Data Group Two had self-report rates in pre-testing showing 13.9% (5 men) believed they had engaged showing 13.9% (5 men) believed they had engaged in behaviors that met the definition of sexual in behaviors that met the definition of sexual assault.assault.

Between the two groups 18 men (7.7%) responded Between the two groups 18 men (7.7%) responded in the affirmative to the question.in the affirmative to the question.


Group Two

Have not

Have


Self-Reported Self-Reported Perpetration Rates-After Perpetration Rates-After

TrainingTraining Data Group One:Data Group One:

Have you engaged in behaviors Have you engaged in behaviors that meet definition of sexual that meet definition of sexual assault?assault?

Post-TestPost-Test TotalTotal

YESYES NONO

Pre-TestPre-Test YESYES 5.15.1 1.51.5 6.66.6

NONO 11.111.1 82.382.3 93.493.4

TotalTotal 16.216.2 83.883.8 100100


Self-Reported Self-Reported Perpetration Rates-After Perpetration Rates-After

TrainingTraining Data Group Two:Data Group Two:

Have you engaged in Have you engaged in behaviors that meet definition behaviors that meet definition of sexual assault?of sexual assault?

Post-testPost-test TotalTotal

YESYES NONO NSNS

Pre-testPre-test YESYES 13.913.9 00 00 13.913.9

NONO 16.716.7 52.852.8 5.65.6 75.075.0

NSNS 5.65.6 2.82.8 2.82.8 11.111.1

TotalTotal 36.136.1 55.655.6 8.38.3 100100


Discussion of the findingsDiscussion of the findings Men were reporting sexual assault in significant numbers, but Men were reporting sexual assault in significant numbers, but

there was also a large increase in the understanding of what there was also a large increase in the understanding of what constitutes sexual assault and consentconstitutes sexual assault and consent

There was a need to separate out the components of building There was a need to separate out the components of building empathy and increasing awareness, but data indicate both empathy and increasing awareness, but data indicate both components are necessary to the programcomponents are necessary to the program

Provided some introductory normative data on men that sexual Provided some introductory normative data on men that sexual assault is clearly minority behavior, with a majority of fraternity assault is clearly minority behavior, with a majority of fraternity men wanting to make changesmen wanting to make changes

Education by peers helped them approach the topic in a manner Education by peers helped them approach the topic in a manner that made fraternity men more comfortable with topic, its that made fraternity men more comfortable with topic, its discussion, and more receptive to education.discussion, and more receptive to education.


Changing BehaviorChanging BehaviorData Group Data Group OneOne::

After having completed this training, After having completed this training, do you believe your behaviors will do you believe your behaviors will change?change?

Post-test SA behaviorPost-test SA behavior

Will behavior Will behavior change?change?

YESYES NONO TOTALTOTAL

YESYES Pre-test SA Pre-test SA behaviorbehavior

YESYES 3.53.5 0.50.5 4.04.0

NONO 9.19.1 46.046.0 55.155.1

TOTALTOTAL 12.612.6 46.546.5 59.159.1

NONO Pre-test SA Pre-test SA behaviorbehavior

YESYES 1.51.5 1.01.0 2.52.5

NONO 2.02.0 36.436.4 38.438.4

TOTALTOTAL 3.53.5 37.437.4 40.940.9


Changing BehaviorChanging BehaviorData Group Two:Data Group Two:

After having completed this training, After having completed this training, do you believe your behaviors will do you believe your behaviors will change?change?

Post-test SA behaviorPost-test SA behavior

Will behavior Will behavior change?change?

YESYES NONO NSNS TOTALTOTAL

YESYES Pre-test SA Pre-test SA behaviorbehavior

YESYES 8.38.3 00 00 8.38.3

NONO 2.82.8 16.616.6 2.82.8 22.222.2

NSNS 13.913.9 19.419.4 2.82.8 5.65.6

TOTALTOTAL 13.913.9 19.419.4 2.82.8 36.136.1

NONO Pre-test SA Pre-test SA behaviorbehavior

YESYES 5.65.6 00 00 5.65.6

NONO 13.913.9 36.136.1 2.82.8 52.852.8

NSNS 2.82.8 00 2.82.8 5.65.6

TOTALTOTAL 22.222.2 36.136.1 5.65.6 68.968.9Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

Discussion of the Discussion of the FindingsFindings

Between the two data groups, 130 men Between the two data groups, 130 men (55.6%) felt they would alter their behavior(55.6%) felt they would alter their behavior

At the same time, 41.5% of the men (97) did At the same time, 41.5% of the men (97) did not feel they had committed a sexual assault not feel they had committed a sexual assault either before or after trainingeither before or after training

Qualitative data indicated these men wanted to Qualitative data indicated these men wanted to participate in creating cultural change but did participate in creating cultural change but did not know what to donot know what to do

This exemplified the need for the third tier This exemplified the need for the third tier focusing on bystander behaviorfocusing on bystander behavior


Discussion of the Discussion of the FindingsFindings

In both Data Groups, there was a percentage of men who In both Data Groups, there was a percentage of men who answered yes to both the pre-test and post-test question asking answered yes to both the pre-test and post-test question asking whether their behavior met the definition of sexual assault and whether their behavior met the definition of sexual assault and then answered “no” as to whether or not they would change their then answered “no” as to whether or not they would change their behavior after participating in the program.behavior after participating in the program.

In data group one, these men accounted for 1.5% (3 men), and in In data group one, these men accounted for 1.5% (3 men), and in the second group 5.6% (2 men).the second group 5.6% (2 men).

Additionally, there was a slightly larger pool of men who had Additionally, there was a slightly larger pool of men who had responded in the affirmative on the post-test regardless of their responded in the affirmative on the post-test regardless of their previous opinion who were not willing to changeprevious opinion who were not willing to change

In Group One, there were 7 of these men (3.5%), while in Group In Group One, there were 7 of these men (3.5%), while in Group Two, they accounted for 22.2% (8 men)Two, they accounted for 22.2% (8 men)


Discussion on the Discussion on the FindingsFindings These men represent a portion of the population for who the These men represent a portion of the population for who the

program was not effective, and the numbers are roughly in line with program was not effective, and the numbers are roughly in line with what other studies have foundwhat other studies have found

They represent a significant concern and highlight the need to both They represent a significant concern and highlight the need to both include a focus on change at the cultural/community level and include a focus on change at the cultural/community level and educate others about how they can successfully interveneeducate others about how they can successfully intervene

Combined Groups Willingness to Change

Will change-No SA

Will change-SA

No change-No SA

No change-SA


Limitations of the DataLimitations of the Data

Pilot program that went through several Pilot program that went through several alterationsalterations

Assessment tools were changed to meet the Assessment tools were changed to meet the need of the program as it developedneed of the program as it developed

Not all of the data was able to be compared Not all of the data was able to be compared between the various assessment toolsbetween the various assessment tools

Did not include assessment of peer behavior Did not include assessment of peer behavior on initial assessment toolson initial assessment tools


Questions/CommentsQuestions/Comments


For more information contact us at [email protected]

inspiring fraternity men: a three tiered peer education approach for sexual assault prevention dara...

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bystander program

issues of consent

consent game purpose

program consent model

consent game discussionknow

definitions of sexual

facts dara raboypicciano

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