insecticide usage for backyard vegetable production
DESCRIPTION
This presentation was developed by Dr. A and delivered at the home garden vegetable production workshop in Selma, AL. This presentation discusses a new insecticide mode of action and correct application techniques along with several research updates.TRANSCRIPT
Integrated Pest Management for Backyard Vegetables
Dr. Ayanava MajumdarExtension Entomologist (Peanuts, Vegetables)
State SARE Coordinator (Auburn U)&
Willie DatcherReg. Ext. Agent, ACES
Alabama insect monitoring project 2009-10
2009 (15 sites)
2010 (30 sites)Outputs:
25,000+ insect trapped400+ lbs of soil analyzed
+
Peanut farm
Vegetable farm
Insect Trap Catches in Vegetables2010 2009
InsectTrap
catchesNo. of sites
Trap catches
No. of sites Peak moth activity
Beet armyworm 962 15 606 7 July, AugustFall armyworm 728 15 674 7 July, AugustSouthern armyworm 46 13 167 4 AugustTomato fruitworm 144 15 290 7 JulyTobacco budworm 125 15 71 7 AugustLesser cornstalk borer 2307 15 715 1 July, AugustCabbage looper 274 15 83 3 AugustSoybean looper 181 15 100 1 AugustCorn rootworm 65 5 200 6 June, JulySquash vine borer 573 15 - - May, June, JulyTomato pinworm 54 15 4 6 AugustTOTAL 5479 2910
EBPM Training Events
Regional Extension Agent training in improved scouting practices IPM training to farmers at farms in
Alabama
Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010): Efficacy of Imidacloprid
April 2010
Establishing a Vegetable Research Garden
Phyllis & George Holman (MG Volunteers)
May 2010
Soil preparation:FertilizerInsecticide gran.
Final vegetable garden (TP date: May 7, 2010)
Major Insect Pests – Sentinel Plots (2010 - A drought year)
Colorado potato beetleLeptinotarsa decemlineata
Brown stink bug, Euschistus servus
Grasshopper
Tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa zea
Major Insect Pests – Sentinel Plots (2010 - A drought year)
Spider mites (Tetranychus sp.)
Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperdaYellowstriped armyworm, Spodoptera ornithogalli
Major Insect Pests – Sentinel Plots (2010 - A drought year)
Squash vine borer, Mellitia cucurbitae Sugarcane borer,
Euetheola rugiceps
Tomato hornworm, Manduca quinquemaculata
Emerging Pest on Vegetables: Leaffooted Bugs
Leptoglossus phyllopus
Leptoglossus zonatus
Leptoglossus gonagra
Heavy fruit drop in eggplants and tomatoes (LFBs)
Emerging Crop Pests: Invasive Insects
Brown marmorated stink bug, Hyalomorpha halys
Detected in 3 Counties
Bean plataspid, Megacopta cribrariaDetected in AL in 2010Seeks shelter in homesInfests kudzu, soybean, kidney beans, lima beans, etc. UGA Photos
Trap Cropping for Insect Pest Reduction
• Trap crop = early planted squash, apply insecticide on borders
• Squash lured 66% cucumber beetles and 90% squash bugs
• Reduced insecticide usage
Perimeter Trap Cropping
Main crop (watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber)
Trap crop (squash)
Net house vegetable production, 2011
Untreated check (insect injury 15 days after planting)
Untreated bell peppers inside net house (slight insect injury)
Research sites: Fairhope, Thomaston
Organic collard production (Brewton, 2010)
• BotaniGard ES, Molt-X, Suffoil-X• BotaniGard is a living insecticide• Molt-X is an insect growth regulator
(3% azadirachtin)• Suffoil-X is a pre-emulsified paraffinic
oil• Results (Oct. 2010):
– Aphid pop. high, no caterpillars– Sign. results: BG + MX rotated with SX
to below 0 aphid/plant for 3 wks; Untreated check = 3-5 aphids per plant
– No yield response (22-24 lb/plot)
BioWorks, Inc. sponsored organic vegetable research
APHID NUMBERS
Treatment Treatment datesMean Yield (lb/plant)
Obs. 1 (Nov. 10)
Obs. 2 (Nov 22)
Obs. 3 (Nov 29)
Obs. 4 (Dec 6)
#1 Untreated Check None 0.15 ± 0.01 031.5 ± 18.8
a108.00 ± 194.81
40.00 ± 73.48
#2 Mustang Max (Chemical std.) November 15, 22, 29 0.13 ± 0.01 2.5 ± 5.0 0.25 ± 0.50 b 0.75 ± 1.50 0
#3 BotaniGard & Molt-X rotation every 5-7 days
BG = Nov. 15; MX = Nov. 22; BG = Nov. 29 0.15 ± 0.02 0 4.75 ± 9.50
b 3.75 ± 7.50 0
#4 BotaniGard mixed with Molt-X, rotated with Molt-X every 5-7 days
BG+MX = Nov. 15; MX = Nov. 22; BG+MX = Nov. 29 0.13± 0.01
0.5 ± 1.0 5.75 ± 10.21 b 0 0
#5 BotaniGard rotated with a tankmix of Molt-X+Suffoil-X every 5-7 days
BG = Nov. 15; MX+SX = Nov. 22; BG = Nov. 29 0.14 ± 0.01
1.0 ± 2.0 0 b0 0
#6 BotaniGard mixed with Molt-X, rotated with Suffoil-X every 5-7 days
BG+MX = Nov. 15; SX = Nov. 22; BG+MX = Nov. 29 0.13 ± 0.01 0 0 b 0 0
ANOVA F = 1.979, df = 5, P = 0.131
F = 0.773, df = 5, P=0.581
F = 6.568, df = 5, P = 0.001
F = 1.208, df = 5, P = 0.345
F = 1.185, df = 5, P = 0.355
RESULTNS NS *** NS
R squared 0.355 0.177 0.646 0.251 0.248
Organic collard production (Brewton, 2010)
What is IPM?• Major crop losses occur due to:
• Lack of early detection of insects• Insecticide resistance by over-use• Loss of natural control with insecticides
• “Integrated pest management (IPM) is a threshold based decision management system which leads to judicious use of multiple pest control tactics.”
Decision making in IPM…
• Insect detection & monitoring• Insect identification• Population pressure• Economic threshold• Make treatment decision• Choosing right insecticide• Applying insecticide timely & correctly
Toxicity of formulations
Source: Penn State Univ. IPM Program
Bayer’s systemic insecticide
• Systemic poison, introduced in 2010
• Apply at first sign of insects: aphid, thrips, WF, flea beetles
• Best as PoE drench
• CAUTION: Long waiting period (21 d) Bayer Advanced FCV
Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010): Insect Monitoring & Scouting
Volunteer: Carol Rhodes (detailed observations on insect pests and plant yields)
Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010): Efficacy of Imidacloprid
Volunteer: Carol Rhodes
Observations:
• Imidacloprid provides early season protection
• Promotes plant establishment & growth
• Earlier fruit harvest
Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010): Plant Yield from Integrated Treatments
Details Bell pepper yield, lb per plant ± SD
Okra yield, lb per plant ± SD
Tomato yield, lb per plant ± SD
IPM Regime 1 Imida + Carb FR + Mala FR
3.6 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.6 1.9 ± 0.5
IPM Regime 2 Imida + Carb HR + Mala HR
2.1 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.5 3.2 ± 1.0
IPM Regime 3 Untreated check 1.8 ± 0.8 1.3 ± 0.7 2.2 ± 1.5 F 10.829 0.624 1.107 P 0.010** 0.567 0.390
Findings:
• Yield response significant for bell peppers but not for okra, tomato
• Spray of carbaryl & malathion did not provide large returns
• Repeating study in 2011
Treat underside of leaves to increase product persistence
Extend life of biological insecticides (Bt, BotaniGard)
Use an angled sprayer boom
Treat the young top leaves
Alabama Vegetable Entomology Website
www.aces.edu/go/87
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IPM Recommendations…• Choose the right cultivar• Use pheromone traps (first detection is important)• No substitute for scouting!• Insecticides for rescue treatments only• Treat the underside of leaves (increase i-cide persistence)• Careful with insecticide generics (phytotoxicity)• Integrate using newer insecticides (IPM):
• Use the Home Garden Vegetable IPM Guide (ANR-500)
• Call ACES for help with insect ID!