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    Introduction

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    Why Systems Engineering?

    Air bags, safety device appearing in

    automobiles in the early 1990s, became the

    cause of death for a noticeable number ofindividuals.

    There were severe flaws in the design, testing

    and deployment conditions.

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    Ariane 5, Developed by European Space agency,was first launched on June 4 1996, with four satellites. At 37 seconds into flight it failed becausethe rocket self-destructing .

    ARIANE 5 Flight 5 1 Failure

    A malfunction in the control software.

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    Columbia disaster

    Space shuttle Columbia disintegrates onFebruary 1, 2003

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    A system is A collection of different elements that works

    together to produce a greater results than eachelement could obtain

    Example of a system is a company which ismade of these elements People Hardware

    Software Documents Policies Departments

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    Functional View

    Input: addition of material, energy, or information to a system

    Process: Altering material, energy, or information

    Output: movement of matter, energy, or information out of asystem

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    Input OutputProcess

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    Systems Engineering is The application of science, math, and

    business to meet customer's needsthrough the entire system lifecycle

    Definition of SystemsEngineering(NASA SE Handbook)

    Systems Engineering is a robust

    approach to the design, creation, andoperation of systems.

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    The function of systems engineering is toguide the engineering of complex systems.

    Guide to lead, manage, or direct, usuallybased on the superior experience in pursuinga given course

    Engineering design, construction andoperation of efficient and economicalstructures, equipment, and systems

    Systems a set of interrelated components

    working together toward some commonobjective

    Complex diverse elements with intricaterelationships with one another

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    Airplane is a classical example of a system Significant complexity between sub-systems, and involving

    numerous companies each with their own engineeringapproaches and business needs Assembling a 737 is a complex job. Factory employees

    must take 367,000 parts; an equal number of bolts, rivetsand other fasteners; and 58 kilometers of electrical wire;and put them all together to form an airplane.

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    Systems Engineering An interdisciplinary approach and means to enable

    the realization of successful systems.

    It focuses on holistically and concurrently

    understanding stakeholder needs;

    exploring opportunities;

    documenting requirements; and

    synthesizing, verifying, validating, and evolving solutions while considering the complete

    problem, from system concept exploration throughsystem disposal.

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    An organized and systematic way of design.

    Considers all the factors involved in the design

    Integrates all the disciplines and specialty groups into a teameffort

    Ensures the business and customer needs of all stakeholdersand ensures a system that meets the user needs

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    Water distribution systems in Mesopotamia 4000 BC

    Irrigation systems in Egypt 3300 BC

    Urban systems such as Athens, Greece 400 BC Roman highway systems 300 BC

    Water transportation systems like Erie Canal 1800s

    Telephone systems 1877

    Electrical power distribution systems 1880

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    In 1990 a professional society for systemsengineering, the National Council on SystemsEngineering(NCOSE), was founded byrepresentatives from a number of US

    corporations and organizations INCOSE: International COSE

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    Any engineer acts as a systems engineer whenresponsible for the design and implementationof a total system.

    The difference with traditional engineering liesprimarily in the greater emphasis on defininggoals, the creative generation of alternativedesigns, the evaluation of alternative designs,and the coordination and control of the diversetasks that are necessary to create a complex

    system. The role of Systems Engineer is one of the

    n ger s that utilizes a structured valuedelivery process

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    Math & Physical Sciences Qualitative modeling

    Quantitative modeling

    Physical modeling

    Theory of Constraints

    Physical Laws Management Sciences

    Economics

    Organizational Design

    Business Decision Analysis

    Operations Research Social Sciences Multi-disciplinary Teamwork Organizational Behavior Leadership

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    Body of Knowledge Problem definition

    System boundaries

    Objectives hierarchy

    Concept of operations

    Originating requirements Concurrent engineering

    System life cycle phases Integration/Qualification

    Architectures Functional/Logical

    Physical/Operational

    Interface Trades

    Concept-level Risk management

    Key performance parameters

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    The major steps in the completion of a typical systemsengineering project are the following:

    (1) problem statement;

    (2) identification of objectives;

    (3) generation of alternatives;

    (4) analysis of these alternatives;

    (5) selection of one of them;

    (6) creation of the system, and, finally,

    (7) operation.

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    Some examples of Systems Engineering Process activities are: Defining needs, operational concept, and requirements

    Functional analysis, decomposition, and allocation

    System modeling, systems analysis, and tradeoff studies

    Requirements allocation, traceability, and control

    Prototyping, Integration, and Verification System Engineering Product and Process control

    Configuration and Data Management

    Risk Management approaches

    Engineering technical reviews and their purposes

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    Reasons for systems projects Improved service

    Better performance

    More information

    Stronger controls Reduced cost

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    Internal Factors Strategic plan

    Top managers

    User requests

    Information technology

    department

    Existing systems

    External Factors Technology

    Supplier

    Customers

    Technology

    Competitors

    The economy

    Government


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