inorganic chemistry in focus iii 3527609091 · 2013. 7. 23. · inorganic chemistry in focus ii....

Edited byGerd Meyer, Dieter Naumann and Lars Wesemann

Inorganic Chemistry in Focus III

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Edited byGerd Meyer,Dieter Naumannand Lars Wesemann

Inorganic Chemistryin Focus III

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Inorganic Chemistry Highlights2002, ISBN 3-527-30265-4

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Inorganic Chemistry in Focus II2005, ISBN 3-527-30811-3

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Molecular Clusters of the Main Group Elements2004, ISBN 3-527-30654-4

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Edited byGerd Meyer, Dieter Naumann and Lars Wesemann

Inorganic Chemistry in Focus III

The Editors

Prof. Dr. Gerd MeyerInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstr. 650939 Köln

Prof. Dr. Dieter NaumannInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstr. 650939 Köln

Prof. Dr. Lars WesemannInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076 Tübingen

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Dedicated to Professor John D. Corbett on the occasion of his 80th birthday

This book is about passion. A passion for chemistry. A passion for John D. Cor-bett, Distinguished Professor of Science and Humanities at Iowa State Univer-sity of Science and Technology and Senior Chemist at the Ames Laboratory. Apassion and admiration for John’s way of conducting research in solid statechemistry and for the way he passes on his vast amount of accumulated knowl-edge to his students, postdoctoral associates and the community as a whole.John Corbett is a truly outstanding solid state inorganic chemist, an individualof immense and different talents, who has influenced not only his disciplinebut, in many ways, has led the renaissance in solid state chemistry over the pastseveral decades.

“First comes the synthesis.” What else? But it is as simple as that. It musthave been sheer luck, both for him and for the scientific community, or per-haps, fate, that John D. Corbett, born in Yakima, Washington, on March 23rd,1926, with a Ph.D. in physical chemistry (!) from the University of Washington,received a joint appointment in 1952 as Assistant Professor at the Departmentof Chemistry and as Associate Chemist at the Ames Laboratory of the AtomicEnergy Commission (now the U.S. Department of Energy), founded and guidedby the late Frank H. Spedding. It is no wonder that, after some 50 years, JohnD. Corbett was the recipient of the 11th Frank H. Spedding Award. This honourcame late, after many others, of which his election to the National Academy ofSciences (1992) and the ACS Awards in Inorganic Chemistry (1986) and forDistinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry (2000), arethree other prominent examples.

But first the “synthesis” had to come! John was interested in reduced metalhalides, particularly for the post-transition metals cadmium, gallium, and bis-muth (his Ph.D. dissertation was on anhydrous aluminum halides and mixedhalide intermediates, a good start for what was to come!). However, he was notyet actively interested in rare-earth metals and their remarkable solubility intheir halides. But these elements lured him one floor below where AdrianDaane headed the metallurgy section of Spedding’s empire. He knew how toproduce rare-earth metals with high purity and in sufficient quantity and alsohow to handle tantalum containers. What if one “gave it a try” and reducedsome rare-earth metal halides (John insists that this term is used correctly)from their respective metals at high temperatures under appropriate conditions,

VII

In Praise of Synthesis

in tantalum or niobium containers? This soon gave rise to a whole number ofrare-earth metal subhalides, both metallic and salt-like.

It is surely always difficult to imagine the unimaginable. The “eighth wonderof the rare-earth world” had yet to be discovered. It was, in fact, discovered in atantalum ampoule as the fantastic gadolinium sesquichloride. Clusters becamea passion, they were found everywhere throughout the periodic table, of coursewith reduced rare-earth metal halides and their “garbage chemistry”, as BobMcCarley coined it, in a friendly manner. Zirconium chemistry was an obses-sion for while, post-transition polyanions and cations, Zintl phases, tellurides,non-carbon fullerenes and, recently, approximants and quasicrystals. Johnbeams boyishly when he talks about his and his co-workers latest achievements.“But there is no time to rest. There is so much which is unimaginable outthere”. “Explore!” “Lord, grant me patience, but hurry.”

John’s contributions to the development of solid state chemistry are particular-ly noteworthy. Together with industrial and academic chemists interested in thissubject, Corbett and others have encouraged and fostered this important area ofchemistry. Likewise, in the role of teacher and advisor, John Corbett motivatesand encourages young people towards a career in science. His influence on anentire generation of inorganic and solid state chemists uniquely endears John tohis many friends around the world.

As a writer and author John is also well known for many “Corbett Quotables”,of which we have already mentioned a few above. Here are a few other endur-ing examples:

“Exploratory solid state synthesis seems to be the only workable route to newphases because of a general inability to predict relative phase stabilities andthence structures or compositions”, published in “K4La6I14Os: A new StructureType for Rare-Earth-Metal Cluster Compounds that Contain Discrete TetrahedralK4I

3+ Units.” S. Uma, J.D. Corbett, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 3831–3835.“The diverse instances in which efficient, space-filling, bonding arrangements

repeat is both surprising and pleasing”, published in “Synthesis, Structure, andBonding of BaTl3: An Unusual Competition between Cluster and ClassicalBonding in the Thallium Layers.” D.-K. Seo, J.D. Corbett, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002, 124, 415–420.

“The best discoveries in an unprincipled area are often those that one stum-bles upon during experiments designed with plausible but incorrect or naïveideas regarding possible compounds or structural targets”, published in “DiverseSolid-State Clusters with Strong Metal–Metal Bonding. In Praise of Synthesis.”J.D. Corbett, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1996, 575–587.

“There is much to be discovered that cannot be imagined. It is the wonderand excitement of finding the unprecedented and unimaginable that makes re-search enjoyable, even exhilarating, and worthwhile.” Published in “ExploratorySynthesis in the Solid State. Endless Wonders.” J.D. Corbett, Inorg. Chem. 2000,39, 5178–591.

Needless to say, John’s energy and enthusiasm for chemistry have not dimin-ished over 50-plus years of active research but, on the contrary, appear to be on

In Praise of SynthesisVIII

the increase. His recent discoveries of large Buckyball networks of indium, hiselection to the National Academy of Sciences, and his Department of Energy’sDivision of Basic Energy Sciences Award for Sustained Outstanding Research,all attest to his achievements. We wish John a very happy birthday and look for-ward to many more “Corbett Quotables” in the years to come.

Evanston, IL, and Cologne Kenneth R. Poeppelmeier & Gerd MeyerSummer 2006

In Praise of Synthesis IX

Dedicated V

In Praise of Synthesis VII

Preface XIX

List of Contributors XXI

Biographical Sketches XXV

1 Inter-electron Repulsion and Irregularities in the Chemistryof Transition Series 1David A. Johnson

1.1 Introduction: Irregularities in Lanthanide Chemistry 11.2 A General Principle of Lanthanide Chemistry 41.3 Extensions of the First Part of the Principle 61.4 Extensions of the Second Part of the Principle 81.5 The Tetrad Effect 91.6 The Diad Effect 11

References 13

2 Stereochemical Activity of Lone Pairs in Heavier Main-group ElementCompounds 15Anja-Verena Mudring

2.1 Introduction 152.2 When Does a Lone Pair of Electrons Become Stereochemically

Active? – Observations 162.3 Theoretical Concepts 172.3.1 Molecular/Complex Compounds 182.3.2 Solid Materials 202.4 Conclusions 25

Acknowledgments 26References 26

XI

Contents

3 How Close to Close Packing? 29Hideo Imoto

3.1 Introduction 293.2 Essential Features of Close Packing 303.3 Parameter Definitions 303.4 Correlation Between D and N 333.5 Transformation of Close-packing Arrangements 353.6 Close-packing of Cations or of Anions? 383.7 What Determines the Structure? 41

Appendix. ICSD Codes, D and N Parameters of the StructuresUsed 42References 44

4 Forty-five Years of Praseodymium Di-iodide, PrI2 45Gerd Meyer and Andriy PalasyukForeword 45

4.1 Introduction 464.2 Phases and Structures in the System Praseodymium-Iodine 474.2.1 Synthesis Generalities 474.2.2 Structural Principles 484.3 PrI2: Phases and Phase Analysis 514.4 Conclusions 58


5 Centered Zirconium Clusters: Mixed-halide Systems 61Martin KöckerlingForeword 61

5.1 The Basics of Zirconium Cluster Chemistry 615.2 Motivation 625.3 Mixed-Chloride-Iodide Zirconium Cluster Phases

with a 6 :12–Metal :Halide Ratio 635.4 Mixed Chloride–Iodide Zirconium Cluster Phases

with a 6 :13 Metal :Halide Ratio 645.5 Mixed Chloride–Iodide Zirconium Cluster Phases



with a 6 :18 Metal :Halide Ratio –Products from Solid-state Reactions 76

5.8 Outlook 77Acknowledgments 77References 77

ContentsXII

6 Titanium Niobium Oxychlorides: Ligand Combination Strategyfor the Preparation of Low-dimensional Metal Cluster Materials 79Ekaterina V. Anokhina and Abdessadek LachgarAbstract 79

6.1 Introduction 796.1.1 Cluster Connectivity and Framework Dimension 816.1.2 The Ligand Combination Approach to Creating Anisotropic

Frameworks 826.2 Overview of the Chemistry of Niobium Chloride

and Niobium Oxide Cluster Compounds 836.2.1 Synthesis and Chemical Properties 836.2.2 Electronic Structure, Redox and Magnetic Properties 846.3 Niobium Oxychloride Cluster Compounds 856.3.1 One-dimensional Cluster Frameworks 856.3.1.1 Frameworks Built from Clusters with Five Oxygen Ligands 856.3.1.2 Frameworks Built of Clusters with Six Oxygen Ligands 866.3.2 Two-dimensional Cluster Frameworks 886.3.2.1 2D Oxychloride Frameworks with a Honeycomb-like Structure 886.3.2.2 Pillared 2D Oxychloride Frameworks 906.3.2.3 2D Framework with Graphite-like Cluster Connectivity 906.4 Summary of Crystallographic Data on Titanium Niobium

Oxychlorides 936.4.1 Effect of the Total Number of Ligands 936.4.2 Cluster Configuration 956.4.2.1 Relationships Between Ligand Arrangement and Direct Inter-cluster

Linkages 956.4.2.2 Relationships Between the Ligand Arrangement and Inter-cluster

Linkages via Counter-ions 966.4.3 Anion Segregation 976.4.4 Structure-determining Factors in the Absence of “Hard” Cations 976.5 Electronic Configuration of Niobium Oxychloride Clusters 996.6 Conclusion and Outlook 100

References 101

7 Trinuclear Molybdenum and Tungsten Cluster Chalcogenides:From Solid State to Molecular Materials 105Rosa Llusar and Cristian Vicent

7.1 Introduction 1057.2 Synthesis and Structure of Molecular M3Q4 and M3Q7 Cluster

Complexes 1077.2.1 Solid-state Synthesis: Dimensional Reduction 1087.2.2 Solution Routes: Excision 1097.2.3 Ligand Exchange Reactions 1127.2.3.1 M3Q4 Cluster Complexes 1127.2.3.2 M3Q7 Cluster Complexes 113

Contents XIII

7.3 Trinuclear Clusters as Building Units 1157.3.1 Molecular Conductors Based on M3Q7 Cluster Complexes 1157.3.2 Formation of Supramolecular Adducts 117


8 Current State on (B,C,N) Compounds of Calciumand Lanthanum 121H.-Jürgen Meyer

8.1 Introduction 1218.2 Problems and Pitfalls of some Calcium Compounds with (mixed)

B,C,N Anions 1218.2.1 Borides of Calcium and Lanthanum 1238.2.2 The CaC2 Problem and Ca3Cl2C3 1248.2.3 Calcium Nitride and Calcium Carbodiimides 1268.2.4 Calcium Nitridoborates 1268.2.5 A Comparison of Ca3(BN2)2 and Sr3(BN2)2 Structures 1268.3 Metal-nitridoborates 1298.3.1 Electronic Considerations 1298.4 Lanthanum Nitridoborates 131

Compounds in Ca-B-N and La-B-N systems 1328.4.1 Nitridoborate Ions 1338.4.2 Structures of Lanthanum Nitridoborates 1348.5 Outlook 137


9 Compositional, Structural and Bonding Variations in Ternary Phasesof Lithium with Main-group and Late-transition Elements 141Claude H. Belin, Monique Tillard

9.1 Introduction 1419.2 Tuning Structures and Properties in Lithium Binary and Ternary

Systems 1429.3 Clustering in Condensed Lithium Ternary Phases: A Way Towards

Quasicrystals 1439.4 Exploration of New Lithium Ternary Systems Containing Ag, Zn, Al,

Si, Ge 1449.4.1 Background 1449.4.2 The System Li-Al-Ag 1459.4.3 Compositional and Structural Variations in the System Li-Al-Si 1469.4.4 The Tetragonal Compound Li9AlSi3, a Good Anodic Material 1489.5 The Intermetallic Li-Zn-Ge System, from Electron-poor

to Electron-rich Phases 1499.5.1 The Electron-poor Hexagonal Phase LiZnGe 1499.5.2 The True Cubic Configuration of the Compound Li2ZnGe 150

ContentsXIV

9.5.3 The Li-rich Compound Li8Zn2Ge3 with an Open-layered AnionicFramework 152

9.6 Concluding Remarks 154References 154

10 Polar Intermetallics and Zintl Phases along the Zintl Border 157Arnold M. Guloy

10.1 “First comes the synthesis � � �” – J.D. Corbett 15710.2 What are Intermetallics? 15710.3 The Zintl-Klemm Concept 16010.4 “Electron-poor” Polar Intermetallics 16110.5 Intermetallic �-Systems 16210.6 Some Final Remarks 168

References 169

11 Rare-earth Zintl Phases:Novel Magnetic and Electronic Properties 173Susan M. Kauzlarich and Jiong Jiang

11.1 Introduction 17311.2 Structure 17411.3 Resistivity 17711.4 Magnetic Properties 17811.5 Magnetoresistance 17911.6 Summary 180


12 Understanding Structure-forming Factorsand Theory-guided Exploration of Structure–Property Relationshipsin Intermetallics 183Dong-Kyun Seo, Li-Ming Wu and Sang-Hwan Kim

12.1 Introduction 18312.2 Mn14Al56+xGe3-x (x = 0.00, 0.32, 0.61) 18412.3 La5-xCaxGe4 (x= 3.37, 3.66, 3.82) and Ce5-xCaxGe4

(x= 3.00, 3.20, 3.26) 18812.4 Concluding Remarks 191


13 Ternary and Quaternary Niobium Arsenide Zintl Phases 195Franck Gascoin and Slavi C. Sevov

13.1 Introduction 19513.2 New Main-group Arsenides 19713.3 Compounds Based on Isolated [NbAs4] Tetrahedral Centers 199

Contents XV

13.4 Compounds Based on Edge-sharing Dimersof [NbAs4] Tetrahedra 204References 206

14 The Building-block Approach to Understanding Main-group-metalComplex Structures – More than just “Attempting to Hew Blockswith a Razor” 209Peter K. Dorhout

14.1 Introduction 20914.2 The Building-block Approach 21014.2.1 Quaternary Rare-earth Metal Chalcophosphates 21014.2.2 Quaternary Rare-earth Metal Chalcoarsenites and Antimonites 21314.2.3 Quaternary Rare-earth Metal Chalcotrielates and Tetrelates 21514.3 Summary 221

References 222

15 Cation-deficient Quaternary Thiospinels 225Ashok K. Ganguli, Shalabh Gupta and Gunjan Garg

15.1 Introduction 22515.2 Cu5.5Si�1.5Fe4Sn12S32 22715.3 Cu5.47Fe2.9Sn13.1S32 23315.4 Cu7.38Mn4Sn12S32 (1) and Cu7.07Ni4Sn12S32 (2) 23515.5 Conclusions 236

References 236

16 A New Class of Hybrid Materials via Salt-inclusion Synthesis 239Shiou-Jyh Hwu

16.1 Introduction 23916.2 General Approach to Salt-inclusion Synthesis 24116.3 Examples and Discussion 24216.3.1 Zeolite-like Transition Metal Containing Porous Compounds 24216.3.2 Non-centrosymmetric Solids (NCSs) 24416.3.3 Solids Containing Periodic Arrays of Transition-metal

Nanostructures 24716.4 Final Remarks 248


17 Layered Perrhenate and Vanadate Hybrid Solids:On the Utility of Structural Relationships 251Paul A. Maggard and Bangbo Yan

17.1 Introduction 25117.2 Heterometallic Perrhenates 25217.2.1 Background: Molecular and Condensed Metal-perrhenates 25217.2.2 Copper- and Silver-perrhenate Hybrids 253

ContentsXVI

17.2.3 Metal-coordinated Pillars in Perrhenate Hybrids 25617.3 Heterometallic Vanadates 25917.3.1 Background: Layered Vanadate Species 25917.3.2 Layered Heterometallic Vanadates: Charge Density Matching 26117.3.3 Heterometallic Reduced Layered Vanadates 26217.4 Conclusions 265


18 Hydrogen Bonding in Metal Halides:Lattice Effects and Electronic Distortions 267James D. Martin

18.1 Introduction 26718.2 A Hierarchy of Structure-directing Forces 26818.3 Hydrogen Bond Influence on Melts and Crystallization 26918.4 Electronic Implications of Hydrogen Bonding 27218.5 Conclusions 275


19 Syntheses and Catalytic Propertiesof Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles 279Stefan Kaskel

19.1 Introduction 27919.2 Synthesis of TiN Nanoparticles 28019.3 Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles in Hydrogen Storage

Applications 28519.4 Catalytic Properties of TiN Nanoparticles in Solution 28819.5 Catalytic Properties 289

References 292

20 Solventless Thermolysis: A Possible Bridge Between Crystal Structureand Nanosynthesis? 295Ling Chen and Li-Ming Wu

20.1 Introduction 29520.2 Synthesis Methods 29520.3 Solventless Thermolysis and Some Examples 29620.3.1 Cu2S Nanodisks 29720.3.2 NiS Nanorods and Nanotrigonal Prisms 29720.3.3 Bi2S3 Nanowires, Rods and Fabric 29820.3.4 Pb3O2Cl2 Nanobelts 29820.4 Control of the Nanoproduct Morphology Through the State

of the Precursor 299

Contents XVII

20.5 Crystal Structure of the Precursor versus the Morphologyand Distribution of the As-synthesized Nanoproduct:A Possible Bridge Between these Two? 300

20.6 Conclusion and Prospects 302Acknowledgment 302References 303

21 New Potential Scintillation Materials in Borophosphate Systems 305Jing-Tai Zhao and Cheng-Jun Duan

21.1 Introduction 30521.2 Recent Studies on the Scintillation Luminescence Properties

of Borophosphates 30621.2.1 The Crystal Structures of Ba3BP3O12, BaBPO5 and Ba3BPO7 30621.2.2 The Preparation and X-ray-excited Intrinsic Scintillation

Luminescence Properties of Ba3BP3O12, BaBPO5and Ba3BPO7 308

21.2.3 The X-ray-excited Luminescence Properties of Ce3+-activatedBa3BP3O12, BaBPO5 and Ba3BPO7 316

21.2.4 Potential Scintillation Material of Ba3BP3O12: Eu2+ 318

21.3 Outlook 322References 323

Subject Index 325

ContentsXVIII

This third volume of Inorganic Chemistry in Focus is special in many ways. First,it is dedicated to Professor John D. Corbett of Iowa State University, on the oc-casion of his 80th birthday on March 23rd, 2006. Second, with its 21 articles, itfocuses almost entirely on inorganic solid state chemistry, although it covers awide area stretching from theoretical considerations via new syntheses, struc-tures and physical properties to applications. Third, these articles are written ex-clusively by John Corbett’s former graduate students and by postdoctoral associ-ates from throughout the world, who have all entered academia. The readers ofthis book will certainly notice John D. Corbett’s influence on the research con-tained in it, which in this way will be passed on to the next generation, influ-encing the (solid state) chemists of the future. This book, therefore, is also adocumentation of how science progresses and develops over time and how theknowledge of chemistry is disseminated. It is encouraging that all of theauthors have found the time to write articles for this special book.

It is to be hoped that the celebrant will enjoy perusing through the chemistrypresented in his birthday present, and also that there will be a wide-rangingand appreciative readership. Finally, we all wish John D. Corbett a very happybirthday, ad multos annos.

Cologne and Tübingen, Germany Gerd Meyer, Dieter Naumann,Summer 2006 Lars Wesemann

XIX

Preface

XXI

List of Contributors

Ekaterina V. AnokhinaDepartment of ChemistryWake Forest UniversityWinston-Salem, NC 27106USA

Claude H. BelinLaboratoire des Agrégats Moléculaireset Matériaux InorganiquesUniversité de Montpellier IISciences et Techniques du LanguedocCC152 Place Eugène Bataillon34095 Montpellier Cedex 5France

Ling ChenState Key Laboratory of StructuralChemistryFujian Institute of Research on theStructure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesYangqiao Xi Road 155, PO Box 143350002 Fuzhou, FujianChina

Peter K. DorhoutDepartment of ChemistryDelivery 1005 – 204 Student ServicesBuildingColorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO 80523-1005USA

Cheng-Jun DuanState Key Laboratory ofHigh Performance Ceramicsand Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesDingxi Road 1295Shanghai 200050China

Ashok K. GanguliDepartment of ChemistryIndian Institute of TechnologyDelhi110016, New DelhiIndia

Gunjan GargDepartment of ChemistryIndian Institute of TechnologyDelhi110016, New DelhiIndia

Franck GascoinDepartment of Chemistryand BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, IN 46556USA

List of ContributorsXXII

Arnold M. GuloyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Houston136 Fleming BuildingHouston, TX 77204-5003USA

Shalabh GuptaDepartment of ChemistryIndian Institute of TechnologyDelhi110016, New DelhiIndia

Shiou-Jyh HwuDepartment of ChemistryClemson University477 Hunter HallClemson, SC 29634-0973USA

Hideo ImotoDepartment of Applied ChemistryUtsunomiya University7-1-2 Yoto UtsonomiyaTogichiken 321-8585Japan

Jiong JiangDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavis, CA 95616USA

David A. JohnsonDepartment of ChemistryThe Open UniversityMilton Keynes MK7 6AAUnited Kingdom

Stefan KaskelInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstraße 601069 DresdenGermany

Susan M. KauzlarichDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavis, CA 95616USA

Sang-Hwan KimDepartment of Chemistryand BiochemistryArizona State UniversityTempe, AZ 85287-1604USA

Martin KöckerlingAbt. Anorganische Chemie/FestkörperchemieInstitut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3 a18059 RostockGermany

Abdessadek LachgarDepartment of ChemistryWake Forest UniversityWinston-Salem, NC 27109USA

Rosa LlusarDepartament de Ciències ExperimentalsUniversidad Jaume ICampus de Riu SecAv. Sos Baynat s/n12071 CastellóSpain

List of Contributors XXIII

Paul A. MaggardDepartment of ChemistryNorth Carolina State University2620 Yarbrough Drive, 422 Dabney HallRaleigh, NC 27695-8204USA

James D. MartinDepartment of ChemistryNorth Carolina State University2620 Yarbrough Drive, 422 Dabney HallRaleigh, NC 27695-8204USA

Gerd MeyerInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstraße 650939 KölnGermany

H.-Jürgen MeyerInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076 TübingenGermany

Anja-Verena MudringInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstraße 650939 KölnGermany

Andriy PalasyukInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstraße 650939 KölnGermany

Dong-Kyun SeoDepartment of Chemistryand BiochemistryArizona State UniversityTempe, AZ 85287-1604USA

Slavi C. SevovDepartment of Chemistryand BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame, IN 46556USA

Monique TillardLaboratoire des Agrégats Moléculaireset Matériaux InorganiquesUniversité de Montpellier IISciences et Techniques du LanguedocCC152 Place Eugène Bataillon34095 Montpellier Cedex 5France

Cristian VicentServeis Centrals d’InstrumentacióCientíficaUniversidad Jaume IAv. Sos Baynat s/n12071 CastellóSpain

Li-Ming WuState Key Laboratoryof Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Researchon the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesYangqiao Xi Road 155, PO Box 143350002 Fuzhou, FujianChina

List of ContributorsXXIV

Bangbo YanNorth Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Chemistry2620 Yarbrough Drive, 422 Dabney HallRaleigh, NC 27695-8204USA

Jing-Tai ZhaoState Key Laboratory of HighPerformance Ceramics and SuperfineMicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesDingxi Road 1295Shanghai 200050China

Claude H. Belin was born in 1946in Bourg Saint Andeol, a small cityby the Rhône river in the south ofFrance and grew up in Alès, an in-dustrial and historic center in theCévennes. The Cévennes is wellknown for the heroic resistance ofits people to King Louis XIV’sauthority when, in 1685, helaunched a terrible repressionagainst the Huguenot (Protestant)religion. After graduating from highschool, Claude Belin studied Physicsand Chemistry at Montpellier Uni-versity and obtained a Doctorate inInorganic Chemistry in 1970, fol-lowed by a Doctorate in PhysicalSciences in 1973. At this time he

was working in the field of acid and superacid systems and their involvementin the protonation of, and hydrogen bonding to, weak organic bases. After oneyear’s military service and the birth of his first son Renaud, he joined ProfessorJohn D. Corbett in 1976 at Ames Laboratory as a Post Doctoral Fellow to workin the field of naked anionic clusters of post transition elements. At this timehe could not have imagined that his two-year old son Renaud would also comeback to Ames twentyfour years later as a Post Doctoral Fellow in the laboratoryof Professor Steve Martin. Claude Belin is Director of Research at the FrenchScientific Research Council (CNRS) in Montpellier and also teaches crystallogra-phy to Masters students. His research activity in the domain of intermetalliccompounds and Zintl phases of main group elements is internationally recog-nized and in 2003 he received the “prix d’Aumale” of the French Academy ofSciences.

XXV

Biographical Sketches

Ling Chen (left) was born on April28th, 1971, in Guiyang, Guizhou,China. She studied chemistry atSouthwest Teacher’s University from1989 to 1993, and received her Mas-ter’s degree at Beijing Normal Uni-versity in 1996 as well as a Ph.D. atFujian Institute of Research on theStructure of Matter (FIRSM), Chi-nese Academy of Sciences in 1999.From 2000 to 2003, she carried outpostdoctorate studies at the AmesLaboratory with Professor John D.Corbett. From 2003 to the present,she has been working as a full Pro-fessor of Inorganic Chemistry atFIRSM.

Li-Ming Wu (right) was born on July 4th, 1973, in Jianyang, Fujian, China. Hestudied chemistry at Beijing Normal University from 1989 to 1996, and receivedhis Master’s degree there. In 1999, he received his Ph.D. at Fuzhou University,and then he worked as a postdoctorate with Prof. Xin-Tao Wu at the Fujian In-stitute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FIRSM), Chinese Academy ofSciences from 1999 until 2001 and with Dr. Dong-Kyun Seo in Arizona StateUniversity from 2001 to 2004. He worked as an associate professor of Inorganic& Physical Chemistry at FIRSM in 2004 and as a full professor of Inorganic &Physical Chemistry at FIRSM from 2005.

Biographical SketchesXXVI

Peter K. Dorhout was born on 13thFebruary 1962 in Princeton, NewJersey. He graduated from the Uni-versity of Illinois in 1985 with a Ba-chelor of Science degree in chemis-try and also worked at the DuPontCompany in Wilmington, Delawareas an undergraduate research assis-tant. He graduated from the Univer-sity of Wisconsin in 1989 with aPh.D. in inorganic chemistry andworked at Los Alamos National Lab-oratory on nuclear materials chemis-try during his doctoral studies. Hejoined the group of Dr. John Corbettat Iowa State University in the AmesLaboratory as a postdoctoral fellowbefore starting his independent aca-

demic career at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, in 1991.He is a recognized expert in solid state and materials chemistry and environ-

mental chemistry. He has active programs in solid state f-element chemistryand nanomaterials science. His current research interests include heavy metaldetection and remediation in aqueous environments, ferroelectric nanomateri-als, actinide and rare-earth metal solid state chemistry, and nuclear non-prolif-eration. He currently maintains a collaboration in nuclear materials with LosAlamos National Laboratory and a collaboration in peaceful materials sciencedevelopment with the Russian Federal Nuclear Center – VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia,U.S. State Department projects. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed jour-nal articles, book chapters, and reviews, while presenting over 130 internationaland national invited lectures on his area of chemistry. Dr. Dorhout currentlyserves as Vice Provost for Graduate Studies and Assistant Vice President for re-search. He has also served as the Interim Executive Director for the Office ofInternational Programs and as Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Edu-cation for the College of Natural Sciences at Colorado State University.

Biographical Sketches XXVII

Ashok K. Ganguli was born on Janu-ary 25th, 1961, in New Delhi, India.After high school (Raisina BengaliHr. Sec. School), he studied chemis-try at HansRaj College, Delhi andthe University of Delhi from 1979 to1984. He joined the research teamat the Solid State & StructuralChemistry Unit in the Indian Insti-tute of Science, Bangalore, studyingsuperconducting oxides to earn thePh.D. degree under the supervisionof Professor C.N. R. Rao in 1990. Hecontinued working on superconduct-ing oxides until 1991 as a visitingscientist at Dupont Company,CR&D, Wilmington, Delaware, USAin the group of Dr. M.A. Subrama-

nian. In March 1991, he moved to Iowa as a Post-Doctoral Associate at theAmes Laboratory with Professor John D. Corbett and worked on intermetalliccompounds of Sn and Sb until March 1993. He then moved to India andworked as a scientific officer in the CSIR-Centre for Excellence in Chemistry atthe Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore until 1995, after which he joined theIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India as Assistant Professor of InorganicChemistry, where he currently holds the position of Associate Professor. He wasa visiting scientist at Ames Laboratory in the summers of 1996 and 1997 andalso spent a sabbatical there in 2004. Ashok Ganguli has published almost 100research papers and is a co-author of chapters in three books. His current inter-ests are mainly in the area of synthesis and structural chemistry of a variety ofmaterials: dielectric oxides, quaternary thiospinels, intermetallic compoundsand nanocrystalline materials. He was the co-convenor of the symposia on“Nanostructured Materials” and “Modern Trends in Inorganic Chemistry” heldat IIT Delhi in 2002 and 2005, respectively. He has received the SudboroughMedal for best thesis (1990) and the MRSI Medal (2006) for his research inmaterials chemistry.

Biographical SketchesXXVIII

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