innovative energy solutions for military applications 2018 energy ...€¦ · • energy use growth...

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29 October 2018

Innovative Energy Solutions for Military Applications 2018

Energy management challenges in Naval Platforms Energy growth risks & importance of data

Andrew Tate FIMarEST CEng

UK Defence, Science & Technology Laboratory [DSTL] – UK MOD

DSTL/PUB111653

Presentation aims & topics


29 October 2018

Aims: - Review the energy management challenges for naval ships

- Discuss the importance of data in addressing this challenge

Topics:

1. What do we mean by energy management

2. Why is energy management important

3. Key naval platform energy growth drivers

4. Why is data important to energy management

5. Is the data available

6. Can we find meaningful energy metrics

7. Energy data for operational tools

8. Summary

What do we mean by energy management


29 October 2018

Often focus on energy reduction - In reality we need to:

• Ensure we are efficient across the widest range of operation

• Understand, show and track improvements or explain why energy use rises

Key is collecting the right data & using appropriate metrics to:

• Set suitable, measurable & achievable targets - SMART

• Assess progress against those targets

• Demonstrate compliance with international, nationally & internal targets, policy and legislation

• Provide energy information to the operators to plan and modify operation to maximise

capability, endurance and reduce reliance on energy to achieve a goal

I.e. this is both strategic & tactical energy management driven by data

Specific

Measurable

Agreed upon

Realistic

Time based

Why is energy management important to RN?


29 October 2018

Policy & legislation – the Royal Navy (RN):

• Is subject to all UK environmental policies

• Is required to contribute to government targets

• Aims to meet legislation where practicable – e.g. IMO MARPOL*

Capability advantage

• New capabilities often increase energy demand – need to mitigate

• Reducing energy demand offers capability advantage (e.g. endurance)

Energy reduction measures

• Technology insertion has limits in naval applications…

• …but needs data to support inclusion (business case)

• Behavioural and operational change often offer faster & more

significant benefits – again data & decision tools needed to support

Supercritical CO2 waste heat recovery

Electro-turbo waste heat recovery

LED lighting

New engines

New efficiency optimised propellers

Propeller boss caps & fins

Fleet-wide electrification

Novel hull coatings

Desiccant cooling

Assessment of alternative fuels &

energy sources

Hull optimisation

Modular cabin light-weighting

Etc. Etc……

* International Maritime Organisations (IMO) – MARine POLution regulations (MARPOL)

Key naval platform energy growth drivers


29 October 2018

1. Platform growth – new classes have grown in capability, but also in size:

Type 45 & Type 42 Destroyers Flight decks – QEC & CVS class Aircraft carriers

2. Adding future capabilities – impact to energy demands, e.g. – The wider use of Information & advanced control systems

– Electrification driven a rise in energy & cooling (power convertors, rectifiers,

motor drives etc.)

– …and in the future the impact of higher power, pulse-type sensors & weapons

– e.g. DEW

UK Dragon-fire LDEW

RN is 2nd biggest MOD energy consumer & predicted to see energy use rise

T45 T42

8,700te 4,750te

154m 141m

47MW 45MW

QEC CVS

65,000te 22,000te

280m 210m

120MW 89MW

Higher thermal losses

Larger cooling

system

Naval platform energy growth drivers


29 October 2018

Combine these drivers and there is risk of spiralling energy demand:

Add a New

system

Larger

platform

Higher installed

power Greater energy

demand

More space/

Weight

Why is data important to energy management?


29 October 2018

Energy data is needed to support a single platform through life

• At Design system selection based on efficiency

• In operation to help crews maximise efficiency

• During change ensure energy is factored into change/update programmes

• At end of life to inform follow-on class design based on experience

So are the data, metrics and tools available to do this?

Energy data is also needed at a fleet planning level to:

1. Generate meaningful and achievable targets

2. Track energy use and progress against targets

3. Provide evidence basis for Incentivisation schemes

Is the data available?


29 October 2018

Navies are increasingly data rich but often information poor

• Utility of data now understood & being captured - Newer platforms collect huge amounts of

data from Platform Management Systems (PMS)

• Fuel/ energy use data is often good but often lacks context, i.e. the:

– Platform & environmental state:

• Air Temperature & Humidity

• Sea-State & Temperature

• Ship Material State – hull & machinery availability

• Crew decisions & biases?

– Tasking – doesn't differentiate between fuel used for training, routine & operational tasks

– Emergent tasking – e.g. disaster relief

– Shore connection – separate accounting and ‘ownership’ of energy use

– Interoperability – e.g. RFA tankers reactive to support UK and NATO assets

Is the data available?


29 October 2018

As an example – monthly fuel totals for the Type 23 frigates

This is a single

class of 13 ships –

harder to compare

or set targets

across a range of

classes

Can we find meaningful energy metrics?


29 October 2018

• Metrics can be used to set, track & incentivise targets

• Metrics need to be meaningful BUT without unintended or negative impacts

• A single metric may not meet all requirements

• Most energy metrics relate energy used (or cost) to useful work done

• Commercial marine – equated to cargo carried & speed (Transport factor) – e.g. IMO’s Energy

Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

IMO EEDI formula


29 October 2018

• How do we measure work done? – is this equivalent to ‘capability’?

• Hard to quantify and capture data on ‘capability’ numerically:

– Wider than sensors & weapons – crew & even the ships presence

– speed less critical & more variable than commercial platforms

– Multi-tasking hard to capture – even an Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) tanker might offer

humanitarian aid in the Caribbean…albeit perhaps not as efficiently as a frigate

I.e. Energy metrics hard to apply to a fleet – significant variability between classes

and even individual ships

A demand for contextual data – to answer the ‘why’ – most of this data is not digitised (e.g. paper logs)



29 October 2018

• An example using currently available data – based on Admiralty co-efficient

i.e. Limited use for fleet level targets, but

potential for comparing common ‘types’ of ships

Admiralty Coefficient = (Displacement(2/3) × v3)/P

Energy data for operational tools


29 October 2018

So it is challenging to identify

metrics to set, monitor and

incentivise fleet–wide targets

However data is showing its

value in operational decisions i.e:

• Support behavioural change

• Allow planners to balance energy

use, endurance & range

• Optimise machinery configuration

• Advise on best speed

• Automated assessment of hull-

fouling

• Essential inputs into more

automated platforms

SEACORES screen shot shows histogram of energy efficiency with time of day on T45 – e.g. high occurrence of high efficiency operation between 9 and 10am. Yellow plots show individual generators efficiency [simulated data example]

Summary


29 October 2018

• Energy use growth - RN & RFA energy demand continuing to grow with new capabilities &

platforms

• Energy management - needed at a range of levels from strategic to tactical to mitigate

• Technologies – often limited benefit with variable naval operating profiles

• Metrics to monitor improvements in efficiency – challenging to identify and hard to apply

across a whole fleet with multiple ship types and capabilities

• Tactical decision aides – data starting to show utility on-board to aide command


29 October 2018

Innovative Energy Solutions for Military Applications 2018

Energy management challenges in

naval platforms

Thank you for your attention

[email protected]

innovative energy solutions for military applications 2018 energy ...€¦ · • energy use growth...

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