innovations in climate protection policies – what can the arab world learn from european...
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Innovations in Climate Protection Policies – what can the Arab world
learn from European countries?
American University of Beirut (AUB)
Danyel Reiche 12/12/2008
Presentation Outline
Research Question
Presentation Outline
Research Question
Research Hypothesis
Presentation Outline
Research Question
Research Hypothesis
Relevance of the Subject
Presentation Outline
Research Question
Research Hypothesis
Relevance of the Subject
Case Studies
Presentation Outline
Research Question
Research Hypothesis
Relevance of the Subject
Case Studies
Significance of Research Hypothesis
Presentation Outline
Research Question
Research Hypothesis
Relevance of the Subject
Case Studies
Significance of Research Hypothesis
Conclusions
Is the playing field for national innovations in climate change policy
receding because of globalization and Europeanization?
Research Question
Is there a shifting of power from the nation-
state to the supranational and global level?
Nation-State
Nation-StateGlobal Level
Global Level
EU-Level
EU-Level
Dwindling of State Governance?
International:
National powerlessness in the global and European context
National:
Reduced capability to govern internally
Arguments for the Powerlessness of the Nation-State
Global character of environmental problems
Arguments for the Powerlessness of the Nation State
Global character of environmental problemsVulnerability of national economies in global competition
Research Hypothesis
The nation-state remains the most important operator for
innovations in in climate change policies
Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field
Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field
In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide
Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field
In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide
The number of automobiles increases by 11 million per year worldwide
Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field
In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide
The number of automobiles increases by 11 million per year worldwide
China and India have the highest growth rates (10-15%)
Research Hypothesis
The nation-state remains the most important operator for
innovations in climate change policies
Case Study 1
Germany: Pioneer in the production of electricity
from wind and PV
Case Study 1
Germany: Pioneer in the production of electricity
from wind and PV
Feed-In Tariff law (minimum payment
system)
Case Study 2
Germany: Currently the only country
with shrinking transportation
emissions
Case Study 2
Germany: currently the
only industrial country with
shrinking transportation
emissions
Background: The ecological tax and
duties reform
1999: 3,07 Cent
2000: 3,07 Cent
2001: 3,07 Cent
2002: 3,07 Cent
2003: 3,07 Cent
15,3 Cent/l fuel
Case Study 3
Smart
3-Liter-Lupo
Germany: Pioneer in serial production of a 3-
liter-automobile
Case Study 3
Smart
3-Liter-Lupo
Germany: Pioneer in serial production of a 3-
liter-automobile
Voluntary self-commitment of the
automobile industry “in the shadow of hierarchy“
Case Study 4
Norway: Pioneer of ethical guidelines for
investment policy
Case Study 4
Norway: Pioneer of ethical guidelines for
investment policy
“Active Ownership” and Exclusion of companies
Significance of Research Hypothesis
The Nation-State on a Global Level
1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation-state”
The Nation-State on a Global Level
1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation-state”
2. Diffusion of environmental innovations instead of competitive disadvantages by
stricter environmental policies
The Nation State on a Global Level
1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation state”
2. Diffusion of environmental innovations instead of competitive disadvantages by
stricter environmental policies
Essential role of the nation-state at the global level
The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
´best practice`
The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
´best practice`
Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers
The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
´best practice`
Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers
Implementation in national colors
The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
´best practice`
Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers
Implementation in national colors
Essential role of the nation-state at the EU level
Limitations of the Nation-State
1) Mode of supranational centralization
Limitations of the Nation-State
1) Mode of supranational centralization
2) Principle of open statehood
Limitations of the Nation-State
1) Mode of supranational centralization
2) Principle of open statehood
3) Decision by qualified majority
Conclusions
Partial sovereignty opposes the positive effect of globalization: this has created an arena for pioneer countries, so that their policies in transnational diffusion processes can spread.
The nation-state in a changing environment continues to be the most important authority on all political levels.
Thank you for your attention !