innovations in automotive radar [email protected] . automotive solutions...

Innovations

in Automotive Radar Testing

Dr. Sherif Ahmed

Director of Innovation Lab

[email protected]

Automotive Solutions

Rohde & Schwarz Automotive at a Glance

Automotive Radar

Supporting chip suppliers,

TIER1s & OEMs for radar

developments from R&D,

quality assurance to

production

Connecting the car to

consumer electronics, the

cloud, infrastructure and

other road users

Guaranteeing compliance

and performing analysis

from physical to

application layer e.g. boot

timing, sleep & wake up

Testing coexistence of

high frequency signals

such as 4G, 5G,

mmWave radar, Wi-Fi and

performing EMC

measurements

Connectivity Automotive Ethernet EMC and EMI

Ensuring radar fitness,

providing target

simulation and testing

signal quality incl.

interference

Testing conformance and

performance of eCall,

V2X, LTE-V, 5G, WLAN

and Bluetooth®

Debugging of bus

systems such as

Automotive Ethernet and

CAN-FD

Providing turnkey

solutions, including RF

chambers, test receivers

and broadband amplifiers

Mar. 2019

Automotive Radar Use Cases

4

Source: http://www.iet.unipi.it/m.greco/esami_lab/Radar/automotive_radar.pdf

Range Resolution vs. Bandwidth

5

Low bandwidth (250 MHz) Wide bandwidth (4 GHz)

75 cm

or

30 in

1 cm

or

0.4 in

Poor range resolution.Am I looking at one or two cars?

Good range resolutionThere are two bikes adjacent to one

another and I can see both of them!

Better Range Resolution Means Better Target Identification

6

Too low of a bandwidth

can make two targets look

like one.

Wide enough bandwidth

clearly shows the right

number of targets

77/79 GHz too high?

7

Source: www.everythingrf.com

High level progress in automotive radars

ı Higher bandwidth

ı Higher pulse rate

ı Wider FOV for close ranges

ı Elevation coverage

ı MIMO/Multistatic

ı Channel coding

ı Complex object tracking

ı .

ı ..

ı …

ı and last but not least: More radars

8

Radar testing

is

crucial

9

How radar function is tested today?

Step 1 simulation

Step 2 table setup

Step 3 target simulator

Step 4 HiL inside vehicle

Step 5 drive test

Step 6 more drive test

Step 7 even more drive tests….

Crucial for testing…Functional Analysis

Signal integrity

FOV Alignment

Enclosure compatibility

10


Signal integrity

FOV Alignment


Material Integration Test with R&S®QAR

Technical data

Frequency range 77/79 GHz Band

Spatial resolution 2 mm

Spatial accuracy 1 mm

Dynamic range > 25 dB

Measurement time:

Radome Measurement using the QAR

13

ı Spatially measurement

ı Accuracy less than 1mm

ı Fast measurement

But it is not just the radar, it is the integration too!

14

Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_E-

Klasse#/media/File:Mercedes_E-

Klasse_Cabrio_2013_(11210591725).jpgRadome

Radar angular measurement technology

15

𝜑1𝜑2𝜑3𝜑4𝜑5

𝛼

Sampling points

Estimate azimuth / elevation angles from

phase differences / amplitudes at the

receive antennas of the phased array

𝛼 = sin−1𝜆 ∙ ∆𝜑

2𝜋𝑑

∆𝜑

𝑑

𝑑

∆𝜑

𝛼

𝜆

Physical distance between antennas

Phase difference

Angle of arrival

wavelength


16


𝛼

Phase fronts traveling

towards the radar.

∆𝜑

𝑑

𝑑

∆𝜑

𝛼

𝜆

Physical distance between antennas

Phase difference

Angle of arrival

wavelength

𝛼 = sin−1𝜆 ∙ ∆𝜑

2𝜋𝑑

∆𝜑1 ≠ ∆𝜑2 ≠ ∆𝜑3 ≠ ∆𝜑4 ≠ ∆𝜑5

Phase estimation is wrong


17

𝛼

Phase fronts traveling

towards the radar.

∆𝜑l The radar is slightly moved.

l The distance between the antennas is

changed.

l Another algorithm is used for angle of

arrival estimation during post processing.

Or, more general, if:

l Another radar / radome combination is

used.


𝑑

Measuring the angle error does not lead

to useful results, if:

An alternative method has to be used.

Rain Wet

Environmental conditions

Dry

Car bumper

Signal path and

FOV cross the

same surface of the

bumper

Radar FOV

Reference reflector

21

Diffuse reflectors

Absorber Backplane

Example for reference reflector

Car bumper

In production


Signal integrity

FOV Alignment


23

Radar positioning (Einbaulage)

24

Video

Radar FOV clearance

25

Source: LINK

www.bosch-mobility-solutions.de

Example

for

illustration

purpose

only

Sensor orientation is critical, especially when

mounted separately behind emblem.

https://www.bosch-mobility-solutions.de/de/produkte-und-services/pkw-und-leichte-nutzfahrzeuge/fahrerassistenzsysteme/vorausschauendes-notbremssystem/mittelbereichsradarsensor-(mrr)/

Radar FOV clearance

26

Sensor orientation is critical, especially when

mounted separately behind emblem.

End-of-line testing

Examination of Radar alignement

27

Q

A

R

Car on floor

05-Apr-19 28

Phase interferometry is

used for precise detection

of surface orientation.

QAR measurement

3D Beam Overlay

29

Example Side View Example 3D View


Signal integrity

FOV Alignment


30

Interference Tests of RADAR Signals

radar echos interfering signal

present

no interferenceSNR


Signal integrity

FOV Alignment


32

Thanks

for

your

attention!

innovations in automotive radar [email protected] . automotive solutions...

Documents