As questões de 1 a 3 referem-se ao textoabaixo.

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2010.

Newsweek Article: Bullying andEmpathy (Kate Altman, M.S.)

Newsweek offers an article on howschools are using empathy-trainingprograms in an effort to reduce bullyingin schools: http://www.newsweek.com/2010/12/15/can-schools-teach-kids-not-to-bully.html

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The effective ––––– of suchprograms is unclear at this point, andexperts are divided on whether itmakes more sense to offer theprograms to young children(elementary school age) or olderchildren (middle school age) (both, isprobably the answer). High school kidsare simply difficult to reachlogistically, since they all havedifferent schedules all day.Unsurprisingly, some experts havefound that the most importantcomponent to empathy training is toinclude the parents.

In assessing these programs andthe broader issues of empathy-trainingand bullying, there are multiplefactors to consider and no clearanswers. First of all, empathy is one ofthe most difficult and least-understood

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skills we can develop – adults and kidsalike. Empathy is the process ofviewing and understanding the worldthrough another’s experience, and itis often confused with sympathy,which is, essentially, compassion andlacks the “walking in another’sshoes” component (which is not tosay it is not an admirable trait, it’sjust different from empathy).

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Developmentally, children may not beable to truly understand and practiceempathy until they are closer to thepre-teen years, but introducing theconcept early and often is a goodprimer for its later development.

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Another big question to consider:are programs focused on empathysimply band-aids on much larger,more systemic problems? Why are kidsbullying other kids in the first place?What family issues, societal issues,educational issues, are contributing tothe need/urge to humiliate and attackother children for some sort ofpersonal gain and satisfaction? Myguess is that for many kids,participating in a brief (or even a fewbrief) empathy-skills seminars simplyis not enough, and will not get at theroot(s) of the problems(s), no matterhow young they are when theprograms begin.

I’m not saying that the programsare not a good idea. I imagine thatthey have a lot of benefits and couldespecially help kids who would notnecessarily be bullies themselves, butmay have quietly stood by whilewitnessing bullying, to become moreconfident about standing upto/reporting bullies. However, to trulyreduce bullying, society and schoolsneed to find ways to identify and workwith aggressive children and theirfamilies from a young age – totroubleshoot factors (from not having

InglêsETAPA

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basic needs met, to divorce, to modelsof aggression in the home, etc.) thatcontribute to triggering aggressivebehavior. Such an approach would beexpensive and time-consuming andwould command a lot of schools’resources, but it is hard to imagine amore lightweight approach beingnearly as effective.

Para estar adequada ao contexto em que apa-rece, a palavra effective (linha 1), deve seracrescida dea) fully. b) by. c) ness.d) ful. e) lessly.

alternativa C

effectiveness = eficácia

A opção que descreve a palavra empathy éa) essentially compassion.b) walking in another’s shoes.c) an admirable trait.d) a band-aid on more systemic problems.e) societal and educational issues.

alternativa B

No texto:"Empathy is the process of viewing andunderstanding the world through another’sexperience (...) 'walking in another’s shoes'..."

Segundo o texto,a) é difícil incluir os alunos de ensino médionos empathy training programs, por seremmais velhos e demandarem uma abordagemdiferenciada.b) o componente mais importante na empatiaé a relação familiar.c) simpatia está estritamente relacionada àempatia.d) é inútil trabalhar o conceito de empatiaanteriormente à pré-adolescência.

e) há, provavelmente, fatores mais determi-nantes para a prática de bullying do que afalta de empatia.

alternativa E

No texto:"... to truly reduce bullying, society and schoolsneed to find ways to identify and work withaggressive children and their families from ayoung age – to troubleshoot factors (...) thatcontribute to triggering aggressive behavior. (...) itis hard to imagine a more lightweight approach[empathy training programs] being nearly aseffective [as a more systemic approach]."

As questões 4 e 5 referem-se ao textoabaixo.

The worlds of infinitiesTo see the world in a

grain of sand,And a heaven in a

wildflower;Hold infinity in the palm of you hand,

And eternity in an hour. – William Blake

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Infinity has stimulated imaginationsfor thousands of years. It is an ideadrawn upon by theologians, poets,artists, philosophers, writers,scientists, mathematicians – an ideathat has perplexed and intrigued – anidea that remains illusive. Infinity hastaken on different identities indifferent fields of thought. In earlytimes, the idea of infinity was, rightlyor wrongly, linked to large numbers.People of antiquity experienced afeeling of the infinite by gazing atstars and planets or at grains of sandon a beach. Ancient philosophers andmathematicians such as Zeno,Anaxagoras, Democritus, Aristotle,Archimedes pondered, posed andargued the ideas that infinitypresented.Aristotle proposed the ideas ofpotential and actual infinities. Heargued that only potential infinityexisted.

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Questão 2

Questão 1

Questão 3

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In The Sand Reckoner Archimedesdispelled the idea that the number ofgrains of sand on a beach are infiniteby actually determining a method forcalculating the number on all thebeaches of the earth.Infinity has been the culprit in manyparadoxes, Zeno’s paradoxes ofAchilles and the tortoise and theDichotomy have perplexed readers forcenturies. Galileo’s paradoxes dealingwith segments, points, and infinitesets should also be noted.

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The list of mathematicians with theirdiscoveries and uses or misuses ofinfinity extends through the centuries.(...).

Texto adaptado de PAPPAS, T. “The Magic ofMathematics: Discovering the Spell of

Mathematics”, 1994.

Segundo o texto, a ideia de infinitoa) embora atraia a atenção de poetas, artistase filósofos é explorada, mais especificamente,por matemáticos e cientistas.b) tem propiciado discussões e descobertasdesde a antiguidade.c) é sempre relacionada a grandes números.d) deixou de ser ilusória a partir do métododesenvolvido por Arquimedes.e) foi abordada, de forma semelhante, por di-ferentes campos do saber.

alternativa B

No texto:"Infinity has stimulated imaginations for thousandsof years. (...) The list of mathematicians with theirdiscoveries..."

Sobre as inúmeras ideias e paradoxos relati-vos ao infinito, o texto informa quea) os paradoxos de Zeno são os que desper-tam maior perplexidade nos leitores.

b) Aristóteles defendeu a existência de infini-to potencial, em contraposição à ideia vigentede um infinito real e outro potencial.c) Galileu, trabalhando com pontos e segmen-tos, conseguiu provar a existência do infinito.d) o grande número de grãos de areia na praiae de estrelas no céu conferia sensação de infi-nito aos povos da antiguidade.e) eles resultam das contradições acerca dotema.

alternativa D

No texto:"People of antiquity experienced a feeling of theinfinite by gazing at stars and planets or at grainsof sand on a beach."

As questões de 6 a 8 referem-se ao se-guinte texto:

Thursday, Feb. 10, 2011

2045: The Year Man Becomes ImmortalBy Lev Grossman

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(...), Kurzweil believes that we’reapproaching a moment whencomputers will become intelligent,and not just intelligent but moreintelligent than humans. When thathappens, humanity – our bodies, ourminds, our civilization – will becompletely and irreversiblytransformed. He believes that thismoment is not only inevitable butimminent. According to hiscalculations, the end of humancivilization as we know it is about 35years away.Computers are getting faster.Everybody knows that. Also,computers are getting faster faster –that is, the rate at which they’regetting faster is increasing.True? True.So if computers are getting so muchfaster, so incredibly fast, there mightconceivably come a moment when theyare capable of something comparableto human intelligence. Artificial

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Questão 5

Questão 4

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intelligence. All that horsepower couldbe put in the service of emulatingwhatever it is our brains are doingwhen they create consciousness – notjust doing arithmetic very quickly orcomposing piano music but alsodriving cars, writing books, makingethical decisions, appreciating fancypaintings, making witty observationsat cocktail parties.

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If you can swallow that idea, andKurzweil and a lot of other very smartpeople can, then all bets are off. Fromthat point on, there’s no reason tothink computers would stop gettingmore powerful. They would keep ondeveloping until they were far moreintelligent than we are. Their rate ofdevelopment would also continue toincrease, because they would takeover their own development from theirslower-thinking human creators.Imagine a computer scientist that wasitself a super-intelligent computer. Itwould work incredibility quickly. Itcould draw on huge amounts of dataeffortlessly. It wouldn’t even takebreaks to play Farmville.(...)

http://www.time.com/printout/0,8816,2048138,00.html.

Acesso em 07/04/2011. Adaptado.

De acordo com o texto,a) Kurzweil está convencido de que os novoscomputadores poderão conduzir nossa mentee nosso corpo.b) é possível que, num futuro próximo, super-computadores se desenvolvam independente-mente de seus criadores humanos.c) Kurzweil acredita que o fim da civilizaçãohumana poderá acontecer em 35 anos.d) computadores, cada vez mais rápidos,igualar-se-ão ao cérebro humano.

e) a Ciência da Computação ocupa-se, atual-mente, do desenvolvimento de superinteli-gências.

alternativa B

No texto:"... they [the computers] would take over their owndevelopment from their slower-thinking humancreators."

From that point on (linhas 38 e 39), refe-re-se aa) whatever it is our brains are doing.b) all bets are off.c) Kurzweil and a lot of other very smartpeople can.d) if you can swallow that idea.e) they would keep on developing.

alternativa D

Basta efetuar a substituição no contexto:"If you can swallow that idea (...) there's no reasonto think computers would stop getting morepowerful."

Na sentença They would keep ondeveloping until they were far moreintelligent than we are (linhas 41 a 43),o vocábulo grifado poderia ser substituídopora) far away.b) incredible.c) much.d) distant.e) many.

alternativa C

Far more = much more

ETAPAITA inglês 5

Questão 6

Questão 7

Questão 8

As perguntas de 9 a 12 referem-se ao se-guinte texto publicitário:

Time, May 24, 2010. Adaptado.

As lacunas I e II devem ser preenchidas, res-pectivamente, pora) led – leading. b) leader – led.c) leading – led. d) led – leader.e) leader – leading.

alternativa A

to lead (pass.: led; part. pass.: led): liderarleading (adj.): líderleader (subst.): líder (pessoa)

Assinale a opção que indica a relação das pa-lavras cabbage e carrots com o restante doanúncio.a) Serviços e produtos oferecidos pelo GECapital são sustentáveis e ecologicamentecorretos.b) Dentre os serviços e produtos oferecidospelo anunciante constam refeições prepara-das com legumes produzidos organicamente.

c) A GE Capital oferece a seus clientes umcardápio nutritivo e balanceado.d) A GE Capital só estabelece parceria comempresas que priorizam o desenvolvimentosustentável.e) Apenas veículos movidos a biocombustívelsão admitidos na frota da GE Capital.

alternativa A

Trata-se da comparação entre os serviços ofereci-dos pelas duas empresas:ARAMARK – "nutritious meals from fresh,sustainable ingredients"GE Capital – "environmentally friendly vehicles"

A opção que traduz the company's long-termtransport needs (linha 3) éa) há tempos a empresa investe no suprimen-to de sua necessidade de transporte.b) as necessidades de transporte a longo pra-zo da empresa.c) o suprimento da necessidade de um serviçode transporte contínuo e eficaz para a empresa.d) a empresa firma contratos de longo prazopara suprir sua necessidade de transporte.e) a empresa precisa de transporte a longoprazo.

alternativa B

"the company's (...) needs" = as necessidades daempresa.

Que tipo de serviço é anunciado pela GECapital?a) Cardápios nutritivos.b) Assistência ao produtor agrícola.c) Locação de veículos.d) Serviços de logística.e) Soluções financeiras.

alternativa D

No texto:"... to cater for the company's long-term transportneeds."Comentário: embora o título fale de financepartners, no texto aparecem soluções logísticascomo: "long-term transport needs" e "internationalfleet platform".

ETAPAITA inglês 6

Questão 9

Questão 10

Questão 11

Questão 12

As questões de 13 a 18 referem-se ao tex-to abaixo.

The Double MirrorHow Pakistan’s intelligence service playsboth sidesBy DAVID IGNATIUS

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(...) I found that I couldn’t captureISI’s nuances in newspaper columns.So my eighth novel, Bloodmoney, is setlargely in Pakistan; it centers on afictional ISI and a CIA whoseoperations inside Pakistan have spunout of control. I describe the directorgeneral of my imaginary ISI this way:“To say that the Pakistani was playinga double game did not do him justice;his strategy was far more complicatedthan that.”

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This Janus-like quality is true ofall intelligence services, I suppose, butI have never seen an organizationquite like the ISI. It is at once verysecretive and very open, yet ISIofficials get especially peeved at thecharge of duplicity: “I can not go ondefending myself forever, even when Iam not doing what I am blamed for,”wrote one of my ISI contacts, after Ihad written a column noting theorganization’s “double game” with theU.S. “I shall do what I think is good forPAKISTAN, my country. I am sureyou will do the same for US.”

What this official wanted me tounderstand was that Pakistan wassuffering under its own onslaught ofterrorism. An ISI briefer almostshouted at me in 2010: “Mr. DavidIgnatius! Look at the casualties wehave suffered fighting terrorism!”We’re in alongside the U.S., ISIofficials insist. Yet they are caught inthe backwash of an anti-Americanrhetoric they help create. The ISI’spress cell feeds Pakistani newspapersconstantly; presumably, it thinks itsU.S.-bashing leaks will hide the realityof the ISI’s cooperation. But thepuppeteer has gotten caught in thestrings. Anti-Americanism has

45 taken a virulent form that threatensthe ISI too.

ISI = Inter-Services IntelligenceTime, May 23, 2011 Essay

Adaptado.

Segundo o texto, é possível afirmar quea) há particularidades no modo de agir da ISIque o autor nunca viu em organizações seme-lhantes.b) a ISI trata com virulência a questão do an-tiamericanismo para que ele não contaminesuas fileiras.c) Bloodmoney é uma novela encenada, emgrande parte, no Paquistão.d) as operações da ISI e da CIA, no Paquis-tão, fugiram de controle.e) o autor é correspondente jornalístico noPaquistão.

alternativa A

No texto:"This Janus-like quality is true of all intelligenceservices, I suppose, but I have never seen anorganization quite like the ISI."Obs.: Janus: the god of gates and doorways,depicted with two faces looking in oppositedirections (from: The American Heritage CollegeDictionary).

Segundo o texto, a ISI é uma organizaçãoa) contraditória. b) corporativa.c) terrorista. d) cooperativa.e) autoritária.

alternativa A

No texto:"It is at once very secretive and very open, yet ISIofficials get especially peeved at the charge ofduplicity..."

A opção cujo significado mais se aproxima dovocábulo peeved (linha 18) é

ETAPAITA inglês 7

Questão 13

Questão 14

Questão 15

a) mistrustful. b) challenged.c) irritated. d) worried.e) encouraged.

alternativa C

peeved = annoyed = irritado

A palavra casualties (linha 33)a) é sinônimo de eventualities.b) pode ser entendida como desgastes.c) expressa uma relação de causa e conse-quência.d) é o mesmo que ataques.e) pode ser substituída por losses.

alternativa E

Casualties = losses; victims

A sentença I cannot go on defendingmyself forever, even when I am not doingwhat I am blamed for (linhas 19 a 21), su-gere que aquele que a pronuncioua) seguramente carrega consigo alguma cul-pa.b) se autocondena ao tentar explicar-se.c) se responsabiliza pela própria defesa.d) se defende de uma acusação formal.e) está farto de defender-se do que não faz.

alternativa E

A sugestão ou inferência está contida no texto:"I cannot go on defending myself forever [está far-to de defender-se] (...) when I am not doing what Iam blamed for [do que não faz]"A palavra "even" sugere que ele também estácansado de justificar o que faz (e que pode nãoter sido compreendido).

A opção que corresponde à expressão thepuppeteer has gotten caught in thestrings (linhas 42 a 44) é

a) mentira tem perna curta.b) o tiro saiu pela culatra.c) para bom entendedor, meia palavra basta.d) prevenir é melhor que remediar.e) uma mão lava a outra.

alternativa B

"the puppeteer has gotten caught in the strings"= o titereiro se enroscou nas próprias cordas

As questões 19 e 20 referem-se aoseguinte texto:

Artist Detained In Growing Crackdown

BEIJING

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Ai Weiwei, China’s most prominentdissident after imprisoned Nobellaureate Liu Xiaobo, was detainedApril 3 at the Beijing airport as hetried to board a flight to Hong Kong.Perhaps best known for codesigningthe 2008 Beijing Olympic stadiumknown as the Bird’s Nest, Ai is anoutspoken critic of the governmentand has been detained several times.During one period in custody, he wasallegedly beaten so badly that herequired brain surgery. This arrestcomes amid a widespread crackdowntouched off by online calls for aTunisian-style “jasmine revolution.”Over the past several weeks, at least26 activists have been detained, 200have been put under house arrest, andmore than 30 have disappeared.

Time, April 18, 2011.

Segundo o texto, Ai Weiweia) alegou ter sido severamente torturado.b) foi preso devido a um recrudescimento darepressão na China.c) embarcou num voo para Hong Kong.d) foi preso por incitar uma revolução nosmoldes da tunisiana.

ETAPAITA inglês 8

Questão 17

Questão 18

Questão 16

Questão 19

e) foi quem projetou o estádio olímpico de Pe-quim.

alternativa B

No título:"Artist detained in growing crackdown"No texto:"This arrest comes amid a widespread crackdown..."Obs. 1: crackdown = repressão.Obs. 2: A alternativa E menciona Ai Weiwei comoprojetista do estádio olímpico mas o texto (linhas 6e 7) o aponta como coprojetista. A indução ao errose dá na estrutura "foi quem projetou", dando aocandidato a ideia de que, se não foi o único proje-tista, foi, ao menos, o principal, o que não é funda-mentado pelo texto.

Segundo o texto,a) Liu Xiaobo foi preso em 3 de abril no aero-porto de Pequim.

b) houve, na China, incitação à revolução viaInternet.c) Ai Weiwei é o mais proeminente dissidentechinês.d) a prisão domiciliar é prática frequente emterritório chinês.e) Ai Weiwei faz críticas veladas ao regimevigente.

alternativa B

No texto:"... online calls for a Tunisian-style 'jasminerevolution'."

ETAPAITA inglês 9

Questão 20

Inglês – Boa provaProva superior às dos anos anteriores, sobretudo na escolha dos textose no cuidado com a elaboração das questões.

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