information technology in cnsatm

8/14/2019 Information Technology in CNSATM

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ZULFIQAR ALI MIRAN

Info: [email protected]

Application of Information

Technology in CNS/ATM


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CNS/ATM An overviewThe term CNS/ATM is derived from Communication Navigation Surveillance/Air TrafficManagement. The system involves three major categories as envisaged from its name;Communication, Navigation and Surveillance.

Communication in future will be either through a voice link (as being used in conventionalATC and Communication Operations) and using a digital or data link, the concept newlyintroduced in CNS/ATM system. Medium and techniques may, however, be different.Certainly, data links are to play key role in future ATM communication operations for theirinherent benefits. Data link will be mainly used for air-ground as well as ground-to-ground

communication. It will not replace the present voice communication systems but provideadditional means of air-ground and ground-to-ground communication.In Navigation GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) will replace the traditional RadioNavigation Aids such as NDB, VOR and DME. Multi-DMEs can be used somewhere toaugment the GNSS. Customized GNSS augmentation systems are being developed tomake GNSS fully compliant with civil aviation requirement for enroute navigation andlanding systems. LAAS and WAAS have already been developed for GPS augmentation.LAAS, after completion of final testing, will be commissioned for use as landing aid in thecurrent year, as per FAA plan.

Surveillance of areas over the oceans and long range routes for inter-continental traffic will

be made with the help of GNSS. Mode-S Radar and GNSS could be used as a primary oralternate source of surveillance information. The information including location and altitudeof an airborne aircraft collected from GNSS will be transmitted using digital radio links suchas VDL (VHF Digital Link), Mode-S Radar, SATCOM (Communication satellite) or other sub-network of ATN (Aeronautical Telecommunication Network). This surveillance informationwill be collected at ground ATS (Air Traffic Services) units, where visual information will begenerated for Controllers on surveillance monitors. This new concept of surveillance isnamed as ADS (Automatic Dependent Surveillance). Primary and Secondary Radars willalso be used according to their merit.KEY TECHNOLOGIES involved in CNS/ATMare:1. Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance2. Data Communication3. Data Processing and Representation4. Integrated Voice and Data SystemsAir - Ground Communication will either be through HF (High Frequency) or VHF (VeryHigh Frequency) radio voice link. Data link will be established using either of thetechnologies as; communication satellite (SATCOM), VHF Digital Link (VDL) or Mode-SRadar.
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Ground-to-Ground communication will continue use of VHF, HF, FM and other radio andtelephone circuits beside Data Communication technologies such as Packet SwitchingCircuits (X.25 Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode), TDME (Time DivisionMultiplexing) etc. End-to-End transmission medium (or physical link, as is called in ITterminology) may be different provided it fulfils the specific communication requirements.This is the area where one encounters the fastest technological developments as comparedto other CNS/ATM components. Optical Fibers and Satellite Communication mediums are

replacing the microwave and conventional land lines. Data communication link between twoground ATS points may therefore be using these technologies as a back bone totelecommunication service provided by a PTSN (Public Telecom Service Network).

There is variety of communication services and technologies which may be used in variousAir Traffic Service (ATS) components. Tower control, for example, is to use multiple radio aswell as ground communication services for coordination with aircrafts, adjacent airports, ATScenters, Communication Operations, Airport Operations, Met Services, and AirlineOperators etc. Same is the case with other ATS and Communication Operation positions. Allcommunication facilities (Voice as well as Data) are essentially to be integrated into a singlesystem. Use of Integrated Voice and Data systems will be common in ATM components.ATN (Aeronautical Communication Network)

Fig: ATN inter-networkATN, as illustrated above, is the interconnection of different sub-networks, or an inter-network. These different networks can be X.25 wide area ground networks, Ethernet localarea networks, but also air-to-ground satellite links (AMSS Data-3), digital VHF (e.g. VDL )or Mode-S radar.


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Navigation

As for Satellite Navigation Technologies are concerned United States and Russia havealready developed GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (Global NavigationSatellite System) respectively to provide navigational services through out the globe.European States are developing their own navigation satellite which will function in nearfuture. This satellite is so called GNSS-II (or next generation navigation satellite). The

navigation information retrieved from these satellites will be transmitted by the aircrafts foruse of other aircrafts and ground ATS units for surveillance and safety purpose asenvisaged by ACAS. This information is essentially exchanged by the computers via datanetwork such as VDL, ADS-B etc.Independence Surveillance (Through Primary Surveillance Radar) may be continued inTerminal Areas. En-route surveillance will use either Cooperative IndependenceSurveillance systems (Mode-S Radar) or Automatic Dependence Surveillance (ADS)technologies.Beside above various ATC systems have been developed which collect the Surveillanceinformation (data) via either of the above stated means and Fight data via ATN or various

resources, process the information and represent it into the different forms (On variety ofdisplays and monitors) by using latest technologies.An ATC system may comprise of a single system or network of multiple ATS centers inter-connected to share and exchange surveillance and Flight data and other useful information.

In cockpit number of equipments and systems are provided to confirm CNS/ATMrequirements. Such equipments include CDTI (Cockpit Display of Traffic Information), FDMS(Flight Data Management Systems), ADS-B (Automatic Dependence Surveillance-Broadcast) etc.

Fig. Broadcasting of radar information to ATC system by using

network information servers (SIR)


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Application of IT in CNS/ATM:All the above stated technologies apply computer and microprocessors (or CentralProcessing Systems) to perform their core and/or supportive functions. They use differentsoftware packages according to nature of application and operating systems as confirmedby the machines. They use different IT based communication techniques for informationexchange.ATC systems use computer equipments with specialized application software and operatingsystems (such as LINUX) to process surveillance and flight information collected via Radar,Satellite, VDL, ground-to-ground data networks etc. The processed information is thendispatched to controller working positions using servers through high speed LAN (LocalArea Network). Computers are thus involved right from the front-end processing (whereinformation from external sources is received) upto the end-user (that is controller workingposition) at various stages.Broadcasting of radar information to other ATC systems uses Network Information Servers.Surveillance systems such as Mode-S Radar also perform information processing throughhigh speed computing machines which is then routed to ATC systems via Network

Information Servers.

Navigation systems are also no exception as for the use of computers is concerned. High speed processing and representation of information in Airborne Systems such asFDMS, CDTI, ADS-B, Transponders is not possible without data processing units.Integrated Voice/Data systems essentially use microprocessor as the central processing unitto multiplex and distribute voice and data to various end-users.Use of computers in Data Communication Networks as the servers is very common due todemand of high speed beside other factors.

CONCLUSION:Information Technology deals matters concerned with computer science and technology,design, development, installation and implementation of information systems andapplications.

Above stated discussion reveals that IT will be the back bone of the future CNS/ATMsystem. IT is involved in all the three components of CNS/ATM; that is Communication,Navigation and Surveillance. It is IT that makes the future ATC systems and Voice/Datacommunication networks work at enormously high speeds. Other advantages of IT basedCNS/ATM systems include Reliability, Flexibility, Multi facility Integration, ExpandedOperation, User convenience, Security (of information).


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Fig: WAAS (a GPS based navigation system)Note: WAAS uses computers as Data Correction Processors and GUS Processors.

Fig: Block diagram of a Traffic Alert System

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information technology in cnsatm

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