Information Systems and Information Systems and TechnologyTechnology

HardwareHardware

AndAnd

SoftwareSoftware

QuoteQuote

• ““I think there is a world market for I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.”maybe five computers.”– Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM, 1943Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM, 1943

Early “Computers”Early “Computers”

• 2600 BC Abacus

• 1621 Slide Rule

• Late 19th Century: Adding machines and calculators

• 1970’s: Electronic Calculators

Early 20Early 20thth century, Herman century, Herman Hollerinth invented a system of Hollerinth invented a system of

paper cards with holes in them to paper cards with holes in them to tabulate the U.S. census. His tabulate the U.S. census. His

company was later known as …..company was later known as …..

Later, the invention of vacuum Later, the invention of vacuum tubes, semi-conductor tubes, semi-conductor

transistors, and integrated transistors, and integrated circuits. In 1958, Texas circuits. In 1958, Texas

Instruments made the first Instruments made the first integrated circuitsintegrated circuits

The first computers in the The first computers in the hospitality environment used hospitality environment used on-line processing, and the on-line processing, and the

process known as time-sharing. process known as time-sharing. Only one central processor was Only one central processor was in use, with input done through in use, with input done through

“dumb” terminals“dumb” terminals

The Computer Itself CPU – Central Processing Unit Input Devices Display Devices Boot or Boot Up

More Terminology

• Clock

• Motherboard

• ROM & RAM

• Operating System

• Write & Read

• System Files

Inside the Personal Computer

• Case

• Power Supply

• Removable Storage Devices

• CD Drives (CD ROM, CD RW)

• Tape Drive

• Fixed (Hard Drive)

Inside the Personal Computer

• Floppy Drives

• USB Ports

• Parallel and Serial Ports

• IDE Controllers

• AGP Expansion Slots

• PCI Expansion Slots

• Video Card

Inside the Personal Computer

• Sound Card

• RAM Chips

• Real Time Clock

• CMOS

• BIOS

• CMOS Battery

• Microprocessor

Inside the Personal Computer

Heat Sink

Fan

Mouse Ports

Keyboard Port

Sound Card Connections

Modems

Ethernet Connections

Peripheral Devices

Three Types1) Input Devices

2) Output Devices

3) Secondary Storage Devices

Input Devices

Keyboard

Mouse

Bar Code Reader

Magnetic Stripe Reader

Touch Recognition System

Others: Electronic pens, scanners, voice recognition

Output Devices

Visual Display Units – Monitors

Printers – Dot Matrix & Laser / Inkjet

Secondary Storage Units

Disks – Hard drive or floppy drive

CD

Zip Disks

Flash drive

Magnetic tape

Computer Software

SoftwareSoftware

• A generic term to define what makes the box “work”

Three Broad Categories of Three Broad Categories of SoftwareSoftware

1) Operating system1) Operating system 2) Applications software2) Applications software 3) Programming language3) Programming language

Operating SystemOperating System

Performs the basic functions for the Performs the basic functions for the computercomputer

Applications SoftwareApplications Software

Software designed with a specific Software designed with a specific purpose in mindpurpose in mind

Programming LanguageProgramming Language

Compatible language between the Compatible language between the operating system and applicationsoperating system and applications

The Operating SystemThe Operating System

The operating system is the one The operating system is the one program you must have to make the program you must have to make the PC runPC run

The operating system is stored on disk. The operating system is stored on disk. The system boots the hardware based The system boots the hardware based on information stored on the ………on information stored on the ………

The operating system basically The operating system basically standardizes all brands of computersstandardizes all brands of computers

Key Point

• All applications must have an operating system to work, but an operating system does not need an application to work.

Terminology

• Operating system• Application programs• Beta version• Bug• Debug• Feature• Graphic User Interface (GUI)• Dialog box• Module

Programming Languages

• Low level– Machine language– Uses compilers or interpreters

• High level– Programming language uses words and terms

that closely parallel english

Applications Software

• Everything except the operating system• Categories

– 1) Database management– 2) Word processing– 3) Number crunching– 4) Graphics– 5) Multimedia– 6) Communications– 7) Utilities

Applications Software

• Vertical market software– Specific industry

• Horizontal market software– Broad market

Viruses

• Can destroy your system before you know it by:– Replication– Event watching– Camouflage– Delivery

Anti-virus software

• Signature scanner– Checks the boot record

• Heuristic detectors– Checks for stealth viruses

• Memory resident

How Safe Are You?

• Anti-virus software installed?

• Is it up to date?

• Do you open spam mail?

• Do you have a firewall installed?

• When exchanging confidential information, is the application using SSL technology?

Software Copyright

• You do not own software, just a license to use it.

• Make sure you have the correct licensing for each PC in your establishment

• Without proper licensing, can cost major $$$$ !

Questions?