ContentsTask 1.........................................................................................................................................................2

A. SSADM...........................................................................................................................................2

B. Problems during information gathering......................................................................................3

C. Cost benefit analysis.................................................................................................................3

D. How management Information System helps managers.....................................................4

Task 2.........................................................................................................................................................5

Data flow diagram.................................................................................................................................5

Rich picture for super snacks..............................................................................................................6

Task 3.........................................................................................................................................................7

The stakeholders in super snack........................................................................................................7

Stakeholder matrix for super snacks..................................................................................................7

How the stakeholder matrix would help analyze the current system.............................................8

CATWOE...............................................................................................................................................8

Disadvantages of CATWOE in super snack analysis......................................................................8

Task 4.........................................................................................................................................................9

Multiview................................................................................................................................................9

How Multiview will help in analysis of super snacks......................................................................10

Why Multiview won’t be used in the analysis..................................................................................10

ETHICS................................................................................................................................................10

Reason for using it to aid my analysis of the super snacks system.............................................11

Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................12

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Task 1A. SSADM:

It is a structured system analysis and design method and a method of operating and modeling an information system, it is used to develop a medium or large scale system. It is started simply by defining the strategy of the information system ( EdrawSoft, 2012).

Structured system analysis and design has 6 stages they include:

1. Feasibility study: this checks the system to see if it is feasible socially, physically financially e.t.c. it includes a cost benefit analysis (DGS, 2007).

Purposes include:

Decide if there is a business case for the proposed system Offers a measure for attaining an agreement between all agency executive management,

program management, project management etc Presents enough information to evaluate the values of the proposed system

(DGS, 2007).2. Analysis and requirement specification: this is a total analysis of the system for example

the hardware and software sections then the system requirements are producedPurposes Identification of system purpose Identification of requirement to build the system Identification of the need of the system

(Davis, 2002).3. Design: at this stage the system is developed for example this stage is where software is

coded and developed to serve it purpose.Purpose of the design phase is to create the required system according to specification; this stage will include the system coding and make sure the system is created to serve all its specified purpose(Davis, 2002).

4. Implementation: at this stage the developed software is introduced into the working environment either to replace the former system or to be used together with the current running system until it is deemed reliablePurpose: the purpose of implementation is to execute the created system to see if it has been fully designed to serve it specified purpose(Davis, 2002).

5. Testing: this stage checks every part of the system running series of tests to see if the system is robust and reliablePurpose: Testing: it is used to validate the accuracy of the system and check if it has been completed in carrying out it specified function(Davis, 2002).

6. Maintenance: this stage involves the maintenance of the system to maintain its reliability and robustness (Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

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Purpose of testing a system is to make the system continue running at a level acceptable.

B. Problems during information gathering

The possible problems that I might encounter during information gathering are

1. The users might be intimidated by the new system to be introduced and therefore be reluctant to give any information.

2. The manager might be worried about the cost of resources needed for the new system

3. The owner might not be aware of the way the new system will work4. The workers may not have understanding on how the current system runs.5. The users can give wrong information about the system.

C. Cost benefit analysis:

This is actually a method to evaluate the financial costs and benefits of a capital investment project in a particular given time period (tutor2u, N.D).

Cost analysis:

Total cost of hardware purchase: this will include storage devices, communication devices, networking devices, peripheral devices etc (IBM, N.D).

Total cost of software purchase; this would include word processors, DBMS, operating systems, antivirus etc

Cost of every other functional resources: the functional areas will involve human resources, marketing, finance and accounting etc(The Times 100 & Wilson and Wilson Publishing Ltd, 1995).

Benefit analysis

Production time reduction Better communication amongst outlets Improved productivity Increased reliability Improved Market performance Customer satisfaction

D. How management Information System helps managers

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Management information system translates data both from internal and external sources into information, and also presents this information to managers in a suitable manner to assist them in making well-timed decisions (Leslie & Mitchell, 1997, p. 12). Decision in Aspects like:

1. Marketing research : it offers organizations information concerning the current and future status of its market and also reasonable market responses necessary for competitors’ actions (Leslie & Mitchell, 1997, p. 12).

2. Staff performance : this information system will also help managers make effective adjustments on the development of the organization with regards to the performance of their staffs

3. Budgeting : this will help managers make effective and timely decisions over spending budgets for different sections of the company’s production departments, e.g. financial budget for purchasable hardware resources(Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

Management information system can also help managers in other various ways for some include:

It will help build the managers personal competence in managing the business It will assist the manager in speedy problem solving when running the business It will improve the organization control ability of the manager in super snacks This will help automate every managerial process for the managing director This will also assist the managing directors during decision makings

Task 2

Data flow diagram

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1 MANAGER

RECIEVE ITEMS FROM SUPPLIER

M1FOOD AND DRINKS

STORAGE FILE

SUPPLIER

2 ASST MANAGER

PROCESS CUSTOMER ORDER

CUSTOMER M2 ORDER FILE

3 ASST MANAGER

RECIEVE PAYMENT CUSTOMER M3 BILLING RECORD

4 WAITER

PREPARE FOOD AND DRINK

CUSTOMER

ORDER GOODS

SUPPLY GOODS

OFFER MENU

PLACE ORDER

MAKE PAYENT

ISSUE RECIEPT

DELIVER FOOD

PROVIDE DETAILS

GET RECEIPT BOOKLET

REFER CUSTOMER

SAVE SUPPLY DETAILS

SAVE ORDER DETAIL

SAVE BILING DETAIL

Data flow diagram for super snacks

Rich picture for super snacks

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Selected approach

For super snacks company deploying the soft approach (rich picture) will be more appropriate, it covers all human related issues which is most of what the super snacks problems are based on. It help us identify all human issues, processes, activities, limitations and interactions. This approach also outlines how the super snacks company carry out their day to day operations and gives room to identify potential solution.

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HIGH

POWER

LOW

LOWWW

INTEREST HIGH

KEEP SATISFIED MANAGE CLOSELY

MONITOR KEEP INFORMED D

Task 3A stakeholder is someone, organizations or groups whose functions and involvements are supposed to be taken into consideration when analyzing an information system (Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

The stakeholders in super snack

Stakeholder Reason for identification1. Managing directors This is the person that runs and manages the entire cafes

collectively2. Customers These are the people that request the services of super

snacks, they order meal, make reservations, pay and collect takeaways

3. Suppliers This are the people that supply super snacks the foods and drinks that are being sold to the customers

4. Waiters These are part of the staff for the company, there work vary from serving customers to deliver takeaways etc.

5. Assistant managers They are also members of staff of super snack their work include receiving payment from customers etc.

6. Managers These are also members of staffs with a considerable higher rank and probably longer years at the business

7. Competitors These are external entities that offer similar services as super snacks.

Stakeholder matrix for super snacks

Managers Managing directors

Competitors

Assistant Managers

Waiters

Customers

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(Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

How the stakeholder matrix would help analyze the current system

This would help identify the compulsory members of the system and how they should be related with and handled. This matrix help identify the following people

Managing director has high power and interest Manager have high power and less interest Assistant managers, waiters and customers have low power and high interest The competitors have low power and low interest

Possible ways of handling these people depends on how they are identified for example, people with high power and interested should be totally engaged and kept satisfied (Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

CATWOE: this term expanded refers to

Customers: this are the people on the receiving end of what a company has to offer Actors: these are the people that are directly involved the organization’s activities Transformations: these are the outcomes of developing a system World view: these are the activities going on within and outside the organization which

are influencing the system’s development Owners: the people that own an organisation Environment: They are the external restraints and limitation that can affect the

development of the system(Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

CATWOE simulates thinking of how an organisation business is run and what it’s trying to achieve, It simply groups all the people, process and factors involved in the organization’s business activity, It is used when there is need to take note of the users so as to improve productivity and assure quality (Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

Disadvantages of CATWOE in super snack analysis

Given this system takes a long time to reach agreement it is not a good method to analyze the activities in super snacks

It is hard to manage This only focuses on the users and doesn’t talk of the business processes that are

required in super snacks analysis(Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

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Task 4

Multiview

This is a development approach that presents a method to systems analysis and design and estimate potential solutions to problems in information processing (SlideShare Inc, 2012, p. 3).

It consist of

Human activity Socio technical system Data and structured analysis (information analysis)

(SlideShare Inc, 2012, p. 3).

Multiview approach comprises of 5 stages

1) The analysis of human activity2) The analysis of information3) The analysis and design of all socio-technical aspects4) The design of human-computer interface5) The design of technical aspects

(SlideShare Inc, 2012, p. 6).

Human activity consists of individuals, the organizations, various departments etc. a rich picture is often used to convey this activity (Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

The information analysis section will involve the entire entities, and functions of the information system a data flow diagram can be used to convey these information:

Socio-technical aspect will involve Users and their corresponding duties The whole working surrounding The organisation structure All software and hardware tasks Work-connected tasks

(Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

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How Multiview will help in analysis of super snacks

Multiview simply covers both the soft approach and hard approach it therefore will provide the following advantage in the analysis of super snacks:

1) It will help identify every processes and functions in the super snacks system2) It will identify the socio-technical aspects of the super snacks system3) It will present the entire information flow present in the super snack system4) It will convey the human activities going on in the super snacks business environment

(Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

Why Multiview won’t be used in the analysis

There are few reasons why Multiview wouldn’t be used in the analysis of super snacks and they include

The lack of a structured approach often available while using SSADM Some of the stages involved won’t be undertaken The users may feel reluctant to participate which may lead to weak analysis concerning

human activity It is not theoretical Most times this approach doesn’t follow a cohesive sequence, whiles some stages are

being undertaken few others may follow different sequences(Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

ETHICS

ETHICS expanded simply refers to: Effective Technical Human Implementation of Computer based Systems (Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002). This pays attention to the communication of technology and people and intends to create work systems that are efficient technically and can provide a higher level job satisfaction (Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

This methodology reflect on job satisfaction as a very important just like the technical considerations therefore it evaluates this with the following measures

1. Knowledge fit: checks if the job of the employees enables them to develop and use their knowledge and skills

2. Psychological fit: checks if the job of the employees enables them to take their achievements, advancement, recognition or status to the next level

3. Task-structure fit: checks if the job of the employees meets their requirement and assess if the employee is fulfilling and demanding

4. Efficiency fit: this checks if the job provides monetary return and encouragement and see if the work management and administration can be accepted by the employees

5. Ethical fit: this assesses the values of the employer and checks if they are compatible with those of the employees(Avison & Fitzgerald, 2002).

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Reason for using it to aid my analysis of the super snacks system

In my analysis writing down for super snacks information gathering about the super snack information system will come mostly from the employees which therefore will lead to a closer consideration at the performance level of the currently employed workers, therefore the use of ETHICS methodology will assist me in knowing if the workers are fit knowledge based, psychologically, from a task-structure angle, efficiently and ethically.

This would also enable me to reflect on the job satisfaction level the workers bear and help devise possible adjustments when creating the new information system.

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BibliographyEdrawSoft. (2012). SSADM Diagram Software. Retrieved july 12, 2012, from www.edrawsoft.com: http://www.edrawsoft.com/SSADM.php

Avison, D., & Fitzgerald, G. (2002). information system development: Methodologies techniques and tools. Mcgraw hill education.

Davis, R. P. (2002). what is system testing? Retrieved july 15, 2012, from www.robdavispe.com: http://www.robdavispe.com/free2/software-qa-testing-test-tester-2047.html

DGS. (2007). Feasibility study report/purpose. Retrieved july 15, 2012, from state adminitrative manual: http://sam.dgs.ca.gov/TOC/4800/4920.htm

Hutchings, T. (1996, febraury 20). Introduction to Methodologies and SSADM. Retrieved july 12, 2012, from www.comp.glam.ac.uk: https://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/staff/tdhutchings/chapter4.html

IBM. (N.D). IBM website. Retrieved july 21, 2012, from IBM: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v5r4/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcl%2Fwrkhdwrsc.htm

Kozar, K. A. (1997). The Technique of Data Flow Diagramming. Retrieved july 13, 2012, from www.spot.colorado.edu: http://spot.colorado.edu/~kozar/DFDtechnique.html

Leslie, G., & Mitchell, N. (1997). Business market research. london: Renouf Montreal.

Ncc education. (N.D). information systems analysis. In Hard approaches to the analysis of information systems (p. 4). Ncc education limited.

Pro business systems LLC. (2005). data flow modelling. Retrieved july 13, 2012, from www.learndatamodeling.com: http://www.learndatamodeling.com/b_data_flow.htm

SlideShare Inc. (2012). Multiview methodology. Retrieved august 9, 2012, from www.slideshare.net: http://www.slideshare.net/chicalicdan/multiview-methodology

The Times 100 & Wilson and Wilson Publishing Ltd. (1995). www.businesscasestudies.co.uk. Retrieved july 20, 2012, from Functional areas within the business: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/business-theory/strategy/functional-areas-within-the-business.html

tutor2u. (N.D). Cost Benefit Analysis. Retrieved july 13, 2012, from www.tutor2u.net: http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-cost-benefit-analysis.html

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