INFORMATION NETWORK FOR INFORMATION NETWORK FOR EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION INEARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN

DEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Dr. Taiki SAITOChief Researcher, IISEE

Building Research InstituteTsukuba, Japan

XIX INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF PROFESSOR YUJI ISHIYAMA

INTERNATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM ON SEISMOLOGY AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

1960～Training project started.

1962～ IISEE was established in BRI.

1963～Joint project with UNESCO

1972～The project was continued by JAPAN.

2005～Master Degree for regular course participants.

Regular CourseGlobal Seismological Observation Course

Individual Course

Seismology, Earthquake Engineering And Disaster Mitigation

Global Seismological Observation

SeismologyEarthquake Engineering

12 months 2 months Arbitrary

20 10 5

Field

Period

Max. Members

Training Courses

History

41~41~ 31~31~ 21~21~ 11~11~ 1~1~

1,164 participants from 89 countries

101

9

68

74

51

94

0 50 100 150 200

Unknown

Others

PrivateCompany

University

Research Inst.

Administration

Seismology Course

Earthquake Eng. Course

Background

Severe earthquake damage in developing countriesWeak social and economical basesLack of technical information for earthquake disaster mitigation

In order to disseminate technical informationTraining for seismologists and earthquake engineersTransfer of technical information

Algeria Earthquake 5/21,2003, BBC News

Survey Results of Ex-participants’ Perceptions

7

26

46

39

46

48

49

0 20 40

Through the IISEE

Preferred way of continuous information acquisition?(Unit: person, multiple answer allowed)

Technical cooperation between nations

Through the Internet

Journals and technical papers

Attend international workshop

Individual network

Others 10

30

32

33

40

46

59

0 20 40 60

Continue training program

What do you expect on IISEE?(Unit: person, multiple answer allowed)

International research cooperation

Serve as information center

Award degrees

Conduct seminar

New training course

Others

IISEE-netIISEE-net 　　 http://iisee.kenken.go.jhttp://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/index.htmp/net/index.htm

Internet-based system designed to disseminate a variety of technical information regarding seismology and earthquake engineering.

Free Web site to find technical information about seismic networks, the strong motion observatory network, seismic damage archives, seismic design codes, and microzonation data of developing countries.

Technical information on IISEE-net was obtained mainly through the International Training Program on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering and its ex-participants.

IISEE-net works not only as a system to disseminate technical information, but also as an forum for interactive information exchange among research institutes and researchers in developing countries.

IISEE-netIISEE-netInformation exchange through Internet

Personal network through IISEE

Seismicity and damageImportance of design code

Individual characteristics of developing nationsTechnological support

Seismic damageSeismic networkSeismic design codeMicrozonation techniques

Seismicity and damageImportance of design code

Database

Information exchange through Internet

Personal network through IISEE

Seismicity and damageImportance of design code

Individual characteristics of developing nationsTechnological support

Seismic damageSeismic networkSeismic design codeMicrozonation techniques

Seismicity and damageImportance of design code

Database

Seismic Network

Seismic NetworkSeismic Activity

Tectonics

Example: COLOMBIA

Based on country reports by the ex-participants, the Web site provides information on approximately 50 earthquake-prone countries about their seismic networks, seismic activity, tectonics, and macrozonation.

Seismic Damage

List of Damaging Earthquake Search Engine Source Rupture Process(Colima, Mexico Earthquake)

List of damaging earthquake and its characteristics Country report for earthquake damage Distribution of after shocks, fault mechanism, wave propagation analysis

Seismic Design Code

Seismic Design Force Design Spectrum Zone Factor

Example: MEXICO

Seismic design codes of approximately 45 developing countries. A summary of the Japanese Building Standard Law European code and ISO information.

Microzonation

Microzonation of Teheran Estimated Seismic Intensity

Example: IRAN

Microzonation project reports are reported from several countries focusing on their metropolitan areas.

Seismic Intensity, liquefaction, building damage, etc.

IISEE-netIISEE-net 　　http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/index.htmhttp://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/index.htm

Seismic networkStrong motion networkHistorical earthquake damage reportsSeismic design codesMicrozonation

IISEE net

Course materialsIndividual training reportMaterials for the presentationetc.

International Training Programs on Seismology

and Earthquake Engineering

Focal mechanism Fault model Distribution of aftershocksetc.

Publication of

earthquake information

Hypocenter determinationTomographyetc.

Cooperation in seismic analysis

Interrelated projects and research

Two-way information exchange with developing countries through the internet

PROSPECTS OF IISEE-NETPROSPECTS OF IISEE-NET

Promotion of the utilization of accumulated information

Earthquake Damage Estimation System for BuildingsEarthquake Damage Estimation System for Buildings

Shortly After Earthquake

Earthquake motion/ ground

surface

Input to building

Response of building

Damage of building

probable countermeasures

Strong motion observation on site

Source characteristics

Earthquake motion/ engineering bedrock

Earthquake motion/ engineering bedrock

Geology, tectonics, seismic activities

Assumed earthquake

Transmission characteristics

Estimation of amplification characteristics

Estimation of damage

Estimation of the cost of reinforcement and repair

Seismic observation

Source characteristics

In Preparation

Estimation of soil-structure interaction

Estimation of response characteristics

IISEE NET

Promotion of the utilization of accumulated information

WaveTransfer

Source

BuildingResponse

Response of Surface Ground

Design Seismic Force

Response of Building

Damage of Building

Measures and Cost

Input Earthquake Motion

Geology, Tectonics, EQ Activity

Scenario Earthquake

Earthquake Damage Estimation MethodologiesEarthquake Damage Estimation Methodologies~ Before the Earthquake~ Before the Earthquake

1. Study Scenario Earthquake

Flowchart

2. Transmission Characteristic

3. Amplification Characteristic

4. Soil ~ structure Interaction

5. Structural Response Characteristic

6. Study Damage Probability

7. Study Effectiveness of Measures

Geology, Tectonics, Seismic Activity

andHIstory of Earthquakes

andHistory of Active Faults

Estimation Methodologies~ Required Input/ Output Data ~

Grade I(Rough Estimation)

Grade II Grade III(Detail)

Hypocenter, Magnitude Hypocenter, MagnitudeandActive Fault Parameters

Acceleration, VelocitySoil Condition of Surface

Response SpectrumSoil Condition of Surface

Seismic Intensity MapAcceleration Map,Velocity Map

Response SpectrumCondition of Foundation

Seismic IntensityStructural Conditions

Acceleration, VelocityStructural Conditions

Response SpectrumDesign Details

Seismic Index (Wall Amount)

Seismic Index(Base Shear Force)

Seismic Index(Sectional Stress/ Strain)

Damage Description( Qualitative)

Damage Description( Quantitative)

Damage Description(Much Quantitative)

Measures and Cost(Qualitative)

Measures and Cost(Quantitative)

Measures and Cot(Much Quantitative)

[Damage Function] [Damage Function] [Check of Capacity]

[Response Analysis (Linear)][Analysis of Wall Amount] {Analysis of Seismic Force]

[ Modify Natural Period, Damping Ratio ]

[ Experimental Law of Attenuation ]

[ Neglect the Effect ]

[ Amplification Factor ]

[Wave Analysis (1 Dimensional Model)]

[Response Analysis (1 Dimensional)]

[ Neglect the Effect ]

Earthquake Damage Estimation MethodologiesEarthquake Damage Estimation Methodologies~ After the Earthquake~ After the Earthquake

Response of Surface Ground

Earthquake Force to Buildings

Structural Response

Structural Damage

Measures and Cost

Input Earthquake Motion

Earthquake Observation

Earthquake Characteristics

1. Determine EQ Characteristic

Flowchart

2. Transmission Characteristic

3. Amplification Characteristic

4. Soil ~ Structure Interaction

5. Response Characteristic

6. Study Damage Probability

7. Study Effectiveness of Measures

Observed Wave Record Observed Wave Record Observed Wave Record

Estimation Methodologies~ Required Input/ Output Data ~

Grade I(~ several hours)

Grade II(~ several days)

Grade III( several days ~ )

Hypocenter, MagnitudeandFault Mechanism

Observation Data ofAcceleration, Velocity

Observation Data ofEarthquake Ground Motion

Seismic Intensity Map

Acceleration, VelocitySoil Condition of Surface

Response Spectrum (Wave)Soil Condition of Surface

Strong MotionObservation

Same as “before earthquake”

andSource Rupture Process

Source Parameters Source Parameters Source Inversion Method

Acceleration, VelocityStructural Conditions

Response Spectrum (Wave)Design Details

Experimental Law of Attenuation Wave Analysis

Amplification Factor Response Analysis

Example of Estimation Methodologies Seismic Source

Source Before Earthquake

Grade 1 Step 1. Go to IISEE-net web site

Step 2. Search damaging earthquake from Catalog

Ex.) Search parameters: casualty > 1,000

Example of Estimation Methodologies Wave Transmission

Intensity PGA, PGV Res. Spectra Waveform

Grade 0 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

Hypocenter Fault Plane HeterogeneousRupture

Propagation

Amplification

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

Source

Epi-/Hypo-central Dist. Minimum Dist. to fault plane Equivalent Hypo. Dist.

Intensity at reference ground PGA, PGV Fourier SpectraRandum PhaseWaveform

At Engineering Bedrock

At Ground Surface

Stochastic Green’s FunctionWaveform Synthesis

for each ground classification

Intensity AnomalyEmpirically Obtained

for each ground classification

Empirical Amplificationfactor with AVS30

Empirical SiteEffect Spectra

(Non-linear) dynamic response analysis of soil layers

Empirical Attenuation Relation

Intensity PGA, PGV Res. Spectra Waveform

Grade 0 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

Hypocenter Fault Plane HeterogeneousRupture

Propagation

Amplification

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

Source

Epi-/Hypo-central Dist. Minimum Dist. to fault plane Equivalent Hypo. Dist.

Intensity at reference ground PGA, PGV Fourier SpectraRandum PhaseWaveform

At Engineering Bedrock

At Ground Surface

Stochastic Green’s FunctionWaveform Synthesis

for each ground classification

Intensity AnomalyEmpirically Obtained

for each ground classification

Empirical Amplificationfactor with AVS30

Empirical SiteEffect Spectra

(Non-linear) dynamic response analysis of soil layers

Empirical Attenuation Relation

Example of Estimation Methodologies Attenuation Law (Excel Software)

0.28log ofdeviation standard

(km) rupturefault and sitebetween distanceshortest :

MagnitudeMoment :

Magnitude WaveSurface:

MagnitudeAgency icalMeteorologJapan :

)(cm/sec components horizontal twofromon acceleratipeak theofmean :

22.10033.0)10025.0(log42.0log

28.10033.0)10030.0(log41.0log

59.00033.0)10006.0(log51.0log

10

2

42.01010

41.01010

51.01010

A

R

M

M

M

A

RRMA

RRMA

RRMA

W

S

J

MW

MS

MJ

W

S

J

Example of Estimation Methodologies Building Vulnerability (GESI Method)

Quality of design (0-3)Quality of construction (0-3)Quality of materials (0-1)

Rating Scheme

1. None, slight or moderate2. Extensive3. Partial collapse4. Complete collapse

Damage State

ConclusionsConclusions

Earthquake Damage Estimation System for Buildings (EDES-B) will provides Manual and Database of methodologies

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

Source Method 1

Method 2

….

Transmission

Amplification

Soil-Structure Interaction

Building Response

Damage

IISEE NET

Promotion of the utilization of accumulated information