information needs for policy-making — implications for monitoring and science. national...
TRANSCRIPT
Information needs for policy-making — implications for monitoring and
science. National perspective.
Piotr Jabłoński National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
“Identifying Europe’s Information needs for effective drug policy”
EMCDDA, 6 – 8 May, Lisbon
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Contents:
Legal grounds and the information system on drugs and drug addiction in Poland
Monitoring of National Programme and its evaluation
Limitations and achievements in the information system and taking effective informed measures.
Challenges and expectations in monitoring and evaluation
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Drug prevention legislation in Poland
Acts of Law of 1997 and 2005 on counteracting drug addiction.
(Reitox National Focal Point, Provincial Experts) National Programmes for Counteracting Drug
Addiction 1999 – 2001, 2002-2005, 2006 – 2010. (Monitoring at provincial and local levels)
Acts to establish the Council for Counteracting Drug Addiction (Team for monitoring the implementation of the NPCDA)
Two most recent programmes prepared to perform evaluation: indicators, sources of indicators
We still see a need for further improvement of the National Programme in order to better prepare the strategy for the purposes of evaluation.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Reducing drug use and drug-related social and health problems
Reducing drug use and drug-related social and health problems
Prevention:
Stemming growth in drug demand
3 specific objectives
Treatment,rehabilitation
and harm reduction:
Improvement of health condition
and social functioning of drug addicts and persons using drugs in a harmful way
3 specific objectives
International cooperation:
Supporting implementation
of national programme through shaping
international policy
3 specific objectives
Research, monitoring
and evaluation:
Information support for implementation
of national programme for counteracting
drug addiction
3 specific objectives
Supply reduction:
Reducing availability
of drugs
5 specific objectives
2006 - 2010
National Programme in line with European Strategy
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Information system on drugs and drug addiction in Poland :
Reitox National Focal Point (established by National Bureau for Drug Prevention) cooperates with the following:• Research and Development Institutes (Institute of
Psychiatry and Neurology; National Institute of Hygiene)• Central Institutions (Police Headquarters; Main
Pharmaceutical Inspectorate)• Network of provincial experts (16 regions)• Network of local monitoring (under construction –
approx. 40 communes). Main task of NFP is to formulate conclusions and
recommendations for practising professionals and authorities.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Network of provincial experts
Constant cooperation with NFP since 2001 Annually 16 reports featuring conclusions and
recommendations for regional authorities Support for NFP in collecting data from communes on
implementation of NPCDA. New task – development of the local monitoring
network
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Evaluation based on annual monitoring of NPCDA implementation
• Data collected from approx. 30 central institutions and over 2 500 communes and provincial offices.
• Materials collected are analyzed and effects of monitoring are presented in the form of NPCDA implementation report
• Consequently we obtain information on progress in specific programme activities and objectives
• Crucial component of monitoring is collecting information on the cost of Programme implementation
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Number of communes under Communal Programmes for Counteracting Drug Addiction or those which included
drug addiction in local strategies for solving social
problems in 2003-2007.
449 471819
1792
2019
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
„Our job is not dictate drug policy but to provide the evidence necessary for informed decision-making” Wolfgang Goetz; EMCDDA Director
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
John Maynard Keynes: „There is nothing a government hates more than to be well informed; for it makes the process of arriving at decisions much more complicated and difficult (...)”.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Policy vs. practice
Reports, research and analyses do not always meet expectations of politicians, who expect clear answers to seemingly simple questions.
Basic question concerns effectiveness of measures taken, namely what the policy in effect brings about and what is the ratio of investment to output.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Needs and time perspectives
Researchers work on obtaining objective and analytic knowledge. The analysis is based on reliable measurements viewed from long-term perspective.
Political domain is mainly concentrated on ad hoc needs in a short-term perspective
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Communication
Research communication is based on open and objective language
Political communication calls for synthesis and simplifications
Research aims at comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon and its consequences
Politics aims at making decisions and taking action
It is necessary to find common communication platform
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Difficulties and obstacles Despite two editions of cost estimation projects, (2003 &
2007), evaluations and annual monitoring under NPCDA we are still looking for an answer to the question about effectiveness of the policy in place.
Evaluation still poses a challenge: • Information deficits• No political backup• Insufficient resources (methodology, experts)• Translation of results into clear message for the world
of politics
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
NPCDA expenditure in 2003 – 2007 (PLN)
127,46131,15 141,81164,10
1,20
7748,44
128,41
156,33
135,06
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Mil
ion
y
demand-relatedexpendituresupply-relatedexpenditure
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
National strategy vs. evaluation
Numerical indicators of activities in progress and objectives achieved
Clear relationship between general objectives, specific objectives and activities.
Providing sources of indicators, which will result in quality data
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Problem: Drug use
Tolerance for drug use in society
Drug use – minor problem of organized crime of small group of addicted persons
Reduced public condemnation of using soft drugs
Public visibility of proposals to legalize soft drugs
Information on drug use in public figures and circles
Media picture – focus on drug supply reduction
Close friends use drugs
Drug use in schools, universities, workplace, public places
Lower prices of drugs
Higher drug purchasing capacity
Declared willingness to use drugs
No condemnation of drug use by others
Engaging in risky behaviour (alcohol, cigarettes, violence)
)
Low assessment of drug related-risk
No knowledge of drugs and consequences of useing them
No assertiveness in contact with drugs
No skills of
Establishing and keeping contacts
Cooperating in a group
Solving conflicts
Critical thinking
Making decisions
Coping with stress
Planning future
Deficiencies of life and social skills
Low self-esteem
Disrupted family relations
Unfriendly school
Disintegrated , passive local community
School failures
Disobeying school rules
No attachment to school
Being not sure of getting help from school
Disrupted communication between pupils and teachers
No parents’ interest in child’s matters
No communicative skills of family members
No conflict-solving skills
unclear family rules
No parents’ faith in child’s abilities
Low activity of youth
No attractive forms of spending leaisure time
No interests in pro-school and pro-youth actions
No cooperation of young people with adults
Problem tree – risk factor areas
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Implementing a system for training staff providing treatment, rehabilitation
and programmes or reducing
damage to health
Increasing the availability of services for the treatment, rehabilitation and reducing damage to health by developing specialist centres
and programmes
Drawing up standards for providing treatment, procedures
or rehabilitation and a programme for reducing
amage to health
improve the quality of treatment,
rehabilitation and activities to reduce damage to health
Drawing up and implementing programmes to evaluate
the services provided for treatment, rehabilitation
and reducing damage to health
maintaining an improved state of health in those
people subject to treatment and rehabilitation.
Supporting the development
of professional programmes
for preventing
drug dependency
addressed to specific
target groups,
Increasing
the number
of competent
people
conducting preventive
measures
Improving people’s knowledge on the psychosocial conditions
for drug dependency and effective strategies
for taking preventive measures Increasing knowledge among the
local community about problems relating to the use of psychotropic substances and
the possibility of taking preventive measures
Increasing thelocal community’s
participation in preventing the use of psychoactive
substances
Checking the increase in
the domestic manufacture of
illegal synthetic drugs
and drugs manufactured
from natural raw materials
. Limiting
the accessibility
of drugs
to individual users
Improved
cooperation
between
specific services
Monitoring
the expenses
of particular services
in respect
of counteracting
drug-related crime
Checking the increase
in drug smuggling
on the internal market
Strengthening financial
control over
the narcobusiness
Limiting
the accessibility
of drugs reducing the growth
rate in the demand for drugs
reducing the speed
at which the crime rate
connected with the use
of drugs is rising;
reducing the speed
at which
the use of drugs
is spreading
limiting HIV and HCV infections
and other diseases
connected
with the use of drugs;
reducing the mortality rate
from the use of drugs;
Reducing the use of drugs and drug-related problems
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Percentages of positive answers to the questions about smoking cigarettes (regularly and occasionally), drinking beer, wine and other strong alcohols in the last month prior to study and using any drugs in the last 12 months.
1992 1994 1996 1999 2003 20080%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
cigarettes
beer
wine
vodka
drugs
CBOS
Prevalence of substance use in school population
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Percentages of pupils aged 17-18 who have used a specific substance at least once in their lifetimes
3,5
36,7
15,4
19
6,87,8
2,7 2,5 1,7
4,2 3,5
0,60,8
17,1
20,8
4,02,72,8
7,9
0,6
5,4
2,62,7
6,8
1,8
10,5
22,420,8
3,5
20,1
5,8
2,22,4
4,26,3
27,9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Tra
nq
uili
zers
or
slee
pin
gp
ills
Can
nab
is
Inh
alan
ts
Am
ph
etam
ine
LS
D
Co
cain
e
Her
oin
Ecs
tasy
An
abo
licst
ero
ids
1995 1999 2003 2007
ESPAD
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
New HIV infections, including IDUs in 1999-2007 by date of registration (data of National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
IDUs All
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Summary:
Positive changes on the Polish drug scene, which we relate to NPCDA implementation
Wide spectrum of data collected is a clear success of European and national monitoring systems
Need for analyses integrating data from various sources, i.e. measures to reduce both drug demand and supply
Conclusions and recommendations should meet the expectations of the world of politics but also support practising professionals and researchers.
Work over the methodology of evaluation and assessment of the effectiveness of activities in place is a challenge for the future and international and interagency cooperation.