infm 700: session 5 techniques and technologies (contd) paul jacobs the ischool university of...
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INFM 700: Session 5
Techniques and Technologies (cont’d)
Paul JacobsThe iSchoolUniversity of Maryland
Wednesday, Feb. 22, 2012
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Today’s Topics Research & Strategy – Parts Omitted
Design & Documentation
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
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Research & Strategy - Review Research: identify goals & issues
User needs Organizational/context Content and other issues
Strategy: build and sell the plan
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Context
Content Users
Business goals, funding, politics, culture, technology, human resources
Data types, content objects, metadata, volume, existing structure
Audience, tasks, user behavior, experience, vocabulary
MR, p. 233
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User Studies
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Why do we do user studies?
How do we do user studies? Decide what we need to know (e.g., what works, what
doesn’t, priority tasks, how they find stuff, what’s easy and what’s hard to find)
Design the test (range of users, difficulties) Collect data Analyze
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User Studies – What to Test
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
User needs (e.g., “find a book”)
User desires (not necessarily “needs”, e.g., “get it free”, “make it simple”)
User abilities (e.g., can they do it, can they find it)
User methods (how they did it)
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User Studies – What to Test
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Needs (conceptual), desires (preference), abilities & methods
Timing & techniques
www.adaptivepath.com
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Explore
User Studies – When to Test
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Mental Model ValidateDiagram &Prototype
I nitialDiscovery
AudienceDefinition
Content Audit
Task Analysis
Prioritiztaion
Mental Model
Content Model
Align MM & Content
Define the Audience
Prioritize
IA &Interaction
Diagrams and Prototypes
Validate
www.adaptivepath.com
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User Studies – Protocols
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Develop a list, for example, of five tasks, based on: What is your site about? What features are most important? What features/parts do you want exercised
You can also try to prioritize, or give them prioritized tasks
Many other possibilities
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User Studies – What to Look For
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Any apparent misconceptions or misunderstandings/confusion
Mistakes that were consistently made/tasks they had trouble with
Did they look frustrated?
What worked? What were they able to do?
Did they understand the site/what they were supposed to do?
What did they like/find interesting?
Did they do what was expected?
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User Studies - Exercise
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
You’re involved in a redesign of the site www.iainstitute.org
Conduct a user study (about 20 minutes) Determine what you need to know Identify a user Present the instructions to the user Have them do the test Analyze and report
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User Studies - Analysis
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
What did we learn about www.iainstitute.org?
What did we learn about user studies?
What would we do in real life?
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From Research to Strategy What have we learned from our research?
What do we do next?
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
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Strategy Goal of IA Strategy
Elements of IA Strategy (e.g., TACT) What will it do? How? Impact (e.g., use of tools, technology, content, vendors,
people) How much will it cost? What are the risks?
What’s the Output?
(see, e.g., Weather.com report, MR p. 281)
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
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The Acme Component Organization’s IA PlanSeptember 2005, Best Practices “Simplifying Information Architecture”
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
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Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Case Study: E-Bay
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~psjacobs/RUMM_Handout_or__final__paper.pps
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Recap – Research & Strategy Research
Why do we do it? How do we do it? Focus areas: users, organization, content Sample methods – surveys, card sorting, studies Deliverables
Strategy Purpose Deliverables – presentations & plans
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
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Segue: Strategy to Design
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Strategy has two purposes Communicate Articulate (abstract, top-down)
Now move toward implementation
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Design and Documentation Overview
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Why to document
What to document
When to document
How to document
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Design and Documentation Deliverables
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Conceptual Diagrams
Blueprints (structural)
Wireframes (physical)
Text (e.g., reports)
Presentations and meetings
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Blueprints - Overview
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Can show organization, navigation and/or labeling
Range from abstract to detailed
Related to “site maps”
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Blueprints - Process
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Mostly “Big Projects,” scaled down for small projects- yearly, quarterly
Mental Model ValidateDiagram &Prototype
I nitialDiscovery
AudienceDefinition
Content Audit
Task Analysis
Prioritiztaion
Mental Model
Content Model
Align MM & Content
Define the Audience
Prioritize
IA &Interaction
Diagrams and Prototypes
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Gap Analysis
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Compare “Mental Model” to site data
Types of “gaps”
Content missing to support mental model
Mental model doesn’t support content
Extraneous content
“Skew” – both there but don’t quite fit
How do we close gaps?
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Blueprints (top-down)
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
M&R p. 299
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Bottom-up site mapping
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Typical Site-Mapping Tool Output
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Bottom-up site mapping
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
What we might need to know
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Bottom-up site mapping
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
The desired result – how do we get there?
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Top-down and bottom-up
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Wireframes - Overview
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
“Get Physical”
Move from site level to page level
Inherently constrained by screen real estate
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Wireframes - Consideration
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Types of pages
Types of elements
How they fit together
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Wireframes – Types of Pages
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
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Wireframes – Components
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Main Content Item Detail
List
Input
Tabular Data
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Wireframes – Components
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
Main Nav Bar
Personalization
Brand header Logo Search Cobrand Nav bar
Breadcrumbs
Page Footer
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Main Page Wireframe
Logo Banner Ad orInternal
Promotion
Cards Gift ShopInvitations
Home | Help | Login/SignoutSearch | Site Index
My CardshopGift Certificates Promotions
partner ad/offer space
Reasons to SendBirthday Subchannel | Subchannel |Subchannel Subchannel | Subchannel | more...
Channel Subchannel | Subchannel |Subchannel Subchannel | Subchannel | more...
Welcome, Tim! Dad's Day is June 18th.Send a card for free.
CardThumbnail
CardThumbnail
CardThumbnail
title: text textMore Father'sDay Cards
title: text textMore SummerCards
title: text textMore MusicCards
Calendar full calendar
date Holiday date editorial holiday date editorial holiday date editorial holiday date editorial holiday date editorial holidaydate Holiday date editorial holiday date editorial holiday date editorial holiday date editorial holiday date...
CollectionsMusicTVMoviesStationeryTeen LoungeAfrican AmericanSpanishlReligious
Search Assistant
Don't know where to start? I can help you SEARCH
PromoImage(Music)
New Cards | Most Popular | Highest Rated
Banner Ad orInternal
Promotion
SearchAssistant
Image
learn more | about us | investor relations | advertise with us | privacy policyjob opportunities | contact us | terms of service
Header navigation forsite-wide functions.
Tabs represent majorcategories of services
Primary cardclassification scheme.
Expand level twochannels as much as
possible.
Promote searchingusing the wizard on
home. Position tocatch users not
satisfied by channels.
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
M&R p. 308
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XHTML Wireframes
© Anders Ramsay 2006
GLOBAL NAV
HEADERUSER INFO
FOOTER
LOCAL NAV
BASIC SEARCH
COMMUNITY
PAGE CONTENT PAGE CONTROLS
PAGINATION
MARKETING
SITE BRAND
drawing-based… xhtml…
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
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XHTML Wireframes
© Anders Ramsay 2006
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
© Anders Ramsay 2006
drawing-based…
xhtml…
Page header
SITE BRANDHEADER
USER INFO
FOOTER
LOCAL NAV
BASIC SEARCH
COMMUNITY
[site brand]
Category 1Category 2Category 3Category n
Copyright 2006, All Rights Reserved | Back to Top | Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions
HOME | PRODUCTS | CONTACT | ABOUT | HELP
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Section HeaderNulla pretium volutpat nisi. Fusce vulputate luctus risus. Sed ultricies neque id lacus. Donec eros ligula, egestas ut, vehicula mollis, tempor a, lacus. Praesent vestibulum nisi sit amet nulla. Nam condimentum, mi nec facilisis laoreet, libero quam gravida nulla, et semper velit dolor quis enim. Duis lacus. Praesent ut ante at nisi fermentum vestibulum. Donec sollicitudin sagittis tortor. Proin quis purus a velit feugiat eleifend. Curabitur eget sapien. Suspendisse mollis.
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PAGINATION
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iSchoolCopyright © 2004-2006 Todd Warfel. These slides may not be reproduced or distributed without prior written consent from Messagefirst http://messagefirst.com
Traditional Wireframing Methods
FlashFlash HTMLHTML Illustrator, ID, Illustrator, ID, VisioVisio
Initial SetupInitial Setup ***** ***** *****MaintenanceMaintenance ***** ***** *****
ReuseReuse ***** ***** *****Delivery Delivery MethodMethod ***** ***** *****
Behavior Behavior NotesNotes ***** ***** *****Tool Tool
KnowledgeKnowledge ***** ***** *****RIAsRIAs ***** ***** *****
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Case Study
www.massbio.org/writable/committees/presentations/mbchcri_presentation.ppt
Process
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation
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Recap Research & Strategy
Purpose – Learn, focus, define objectives, get buy-in Next – Align goals/models with user mental models Deliverables – User studies, taxonomies, plans
Design & Documentation Purpose – Define it before you build it Deliverables – Blueprints, wireframes, reports, more
plansProcess
Research & Strategy
Design &Documentation