INFECTION PREVENTION,STANDARD SAFETY

MEASURES AND BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.

By:- Firoz QureshiDept. Psychiatric Nursing

INTRODUCTION.Infection control is a discipline concerned with prevention of health care associated infection.(HCAI) ; A practical sub discipline of epidemiology. Infection control address factors related to the spread of infection within health care setting. Whether from patient to patient, patient to staff, staff to patient, prevention through hand washing, surveillance, and vaccination.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

• INFECTION. The process of transfer and multiplication of

infectious agents(pathogens) from infected person or reservoir of infection to a susceptible host.

• INFECTION PREVENTION Is the process of preventing spread of infection

from infected person to vulnerable host

CONT.

• MODE OF TRANSMISSION. Is the transfer of infectious agent from the

reservoir or source of infection to susceptible individual either by direct or indirect transmission.

• COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. An illness due to a specific infectious agent or its

toxic products capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted from man to man, animal to man, or from the environment.

MODES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION

• Contact either skin to skin contact, surface or formites

• Vector borne infection• Air borne infection• Feoco-oral route• Droplet• Body fluid. E g blood.

VULNARABLE PATIENTS

• Elderly patient• Children• Immunosuppressed patients• Pregnant mothers• Malnourish patients•

INFECTION PREVENTIONCENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND

PREVENTION (CDC).• HAND WASHING• WEARING HAND GLOVES• MASK, CAPS,BOAT• APRON, GARMENT, GOWN• EYE PROTECTION• ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION• COHART

HAND WASHING

• Wet hand with clean water• Apply soap• Rub hands together for about 10 seconds• Rinse with clean water• Dry with disposable towel or air dry• Alcohol based hand wash is also available In all patient care area

CONT.

• GLOVES.• For touching blood, body fluid, contaminated

items, for touching mucous membranes and non intact skin.

• Avoid touching eye, nose, mouth and change glove between patients.

• GOWNS.• During procedures when contact with skin, body

fluids, secretions and body fluids is are anticipated.

CONT. Fully cover torso, have long sleeves, fit

snuggly at the wrist.• MASK.• During each procedures especially in

deceases outbreak.• All patients with respiratory infections• Change after each procedure

CONT.• EYE PROTECTION• Wear eye glasses if procedures are likely to generate

splashes, spray of blood, body fluid and secretions.• Always during suctioning, endotracheal intubation• ENVIROMENTAL CONTROL• Cleaning and disinfection of surface with

disinfectants.• Transport patient to leave room only for essential

clinical reason and use precautions to prevent disease transmission.

CONT. • COHORTING• Is the practice of grouping patients who are

colonized or infected with the same pathogen.

HIGHLY INFECTIOUS DISEASES

THE MOST COMMON HOSPITAL CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (HCAI), ARE…..

• Ebola virus• Polio virus• Enterovirus D68• Severe acute respiratory diseases

syndrome(SARDS) • Human immune deficiency virus• Influenza virus• Hepatitis B virus.

INFECTION CONTROL IN COMM

• Chemoprophylaxis• Surveillance• Education• Management of visitors• Bioengineering

BIOMEDICAL WASTE

• It is term applied to waste generated in the diagnosis, treatment, immunization, and testing of biological products.

CATEGORIES OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE.

• Human anatomical waste. E g human tissues, organs. E.g. placenta.

• Animals waste E g animal organs, tissues• Microbiology and biotechnology waste. Waste from

laboratory culture, stocks, specimens, cell culture, attenuated vaccines

• Waste sharp. Needles, syringes, blades, glass• Discarded medicine and cytotoxic drugs• Soiled waste. E.g. soiled gauze, pack. • Chemical waste. E.g. eusol,savlon,jick. (CDC,2008)

WASTE MANAGEMENT

IT INVOLVES THREE STAGES. WASTE ACCUMOLATION. As per bio medical waste management rules, 2000, no

untreated waste shall be kept beyond a period of 48 hours. WASTE SEGREGATION• Waste should be segregated at source, since 80 percent of

the waste is non hazardous and can be disposed off easily into the municipal bin. Mixing of waste will render the entire waste hazardous. Waste should be segregated in bags of different colors to facilitate appropriate treatment and disposal

CONT. WASTE TREATMENT.• There are many options, because medical waste

varies in its characteristics and degree of risk. The following are methods of waste management

• Chemical disinfection e.g. hypochlorite• Heat disinfection E g Autoclaving.• Incineration.• Microwaving.• Deep burial.

COLOR CODING OF CONTAINERS

• YELLOW. It contains human tissues, animal tissues, microbiology waste, cotton, dressing, linen, bedding soiled with blood and body fluids.

• RED. Microbiology waste, gloves, bedding, syringes.

• BLUE. Needles, cut glass, blades, slides, nails, scalpels

• BLACK. Discarded papers, boxes, card board, medicines and cytotoxic drugs.

(CDC)

THANK YOU