INDUSTRIALISM!

A Quiz Reading Check

• 1. What are enclosures?• 2. Name one invention in the textile industry• 3-5. What three modes of transportation

became popular during the IR?• 6-7. Name two things that the railroads did

for the average person

What are some examples of technology that that have become

popular over the last 40 years?

How have changes in technology helped us today?

How did improvements in Technology help people in the 1800s?- What are

some examples?

How has technology harmed society today?

How did technology harm society in the 1800s?

Intro

• The IR led to a better quality of life for most people. Yet the change to machine production also caused immense human suffering

Growth of Industrial Cities

• Growth of factories= growth of cities (Urbanization)

• Some cities tripled or quadrupled

• London- 1million by 1800

• Rise of new cities ( Birmingham, Sheffeild, Manchester, Liverpool)

Living Conditions • No plans, no sanitary

codes (TONS of people from country side)

• Unpaved streets• No drains• No garbage collectors• Whole families living

together• Sickness (Cholera

epidemics)• --Lifespan shorter in

cities

Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton, 1848

• “You went down one step even from the foul cellar in which a family of human beings lived. It was very dark inside. The window panes, many of them were broken and stuffed with rags..the smell was so foul as almost to knock the two men down…they began to penetrate the thick darkness of the place, and to see three or four little children rolling on the damp, nay brick floor, through which the stagnant, filthy moisture of the street oozed up..”

Working Conditions • 14 hour workdays, 6

days a week• Not well lit or clean

factories

• Machines • Coal Mines• NO GOVERNMENT

PROGRAMS

Class Tensions

• Growing middle class- factory owners, shippers, merchants (Skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers

• Factory owners grow wealthier than the land owners and aristocrats– HUGE class distinctions “vulgar” business people

• A Larger middle class emerges neither rich nor poor

Positive Effects of the IR

• 1) Created more jobs for workers• 2) Contributed to the wealth of the nation• 3) Technological process and invention• 4) Increased the number of production of

goods• 5) Raised the standard of living (How so?)• 6) PROVIDED HOPE OF IMPROVEMENT IN

PEOPLE’S LIVES

More Positive Effects

• Better diets• Better housing• Cheaper, mass produced clothing• Large demand for engineers, clerical

workers more education opportunities

• Middle and upper classes prospered faster than laborers

Reading Case Study

1. Answer the two skill builder questions2. How long did young children and their

families have for dinner and for lunch?3. How long did they work during the day?4. What did great Britain do for child labor?5. How might a factory owner have justified

the harsh conditions in his factory?