Industrial Security Management

Define Security 1. Freedom from risk or danger; safety. 2. Freedom from doubt, anxiety, or fear; confidence. 3. Something that gives or assures safety, as:

a. A group or department of private guards: Call building security if a visitor acts suspicious.

b. Measures adopted by a government to prevent espionage, sabotage, or attack.

c. Measures adopted, as by a business or homeowner, to prevent a crime such as burglary or assault: Security was lax at the firm's smaller plant.

d. Measures adopted to prevent escape: Security in the prison is very tight.

Ancient Times

Lake dwellings Drawbridges and boats Natural caves on high cliffs Great wall of China

Emperor Shih Huang Ti Rome

Broad, straight roads Patrol by legions Bridges, controlled by iron gates and guards

Emperor Augustus

Emperor Augustus Recognized unreliable legions Praetorian Guard

Bodyguard police Urban cohorts

Gendarmerie composed of soldiers with police and military duties

Vigiles police-firemen

Middle Ages

Nobleman Provide food and security for the serf who works the

land, and provide arms for the king and fought his wars

Serfs Laborer

Tithings Groups of 10 families who maintain law and order Anglo-Saxon, acceptance of mutual responsibility

for civil and military protection of individuals

Frankpledge System of Social Obligation

King demanded all Englishmen to swear to maintain the peace

Magna Carta

King John Document that established the supremacy of

law over arbitrary edict Established the lord's individual rights Stated the responsibilities of the state and its

subject

Statute of Westminster

King Edwards 1285 Formalized England's practice in criminal justice

and apprehensions Involvement of ordinary citizens in criminal

justice Requires every male between ages 15-60 to

keep a weapon in his home as a “harness to keep the peace”

Preventive aspect Watch and ward

Watch by night, ward by day

Repressive aspect Hue and cry

Upon resistance—citizen's assistance

Punitive aspect Presentment to constable

Morning after the arrest

Cromwell 1655 Tried to use army as police force to prevent and

repress crimes Lack of cooperation from all classes of people Absence of effective police mechanism between the

people and his troops

Early Themes in Security Management

Division of area into geographic sections Rotation of duties among citizens

Early Problems of Security Management

Dissatisfaction of citizen's with their duties Hiring of others to take their place

Industrial Revolution

Mechanization of production system Change from cottage industries to large

factories Famine in rural ares—movement of people from

country to towns to seek work in factories Increase in political extremists “Riot Act”- military quell the riots

Rewards and Punishment

Reward law-abiding citizens Severe punishments to discourage law-

breaking Self-help organization—every man to trust

himself for security

19th Century England

Security as a private enterprise Industrial firms employ their own police

Railway companies “Bow Street Runners”

Alternative to private thief-takers Reward system Bribery Criminal collusion

Sir Robert Peel

1829 Established the Metropolitan Police Force in

London, England Based at Scotland Yard Constables were nicknamed “bobbies” or

“peelers” "the police are the public, and the public are the

police"

Mid-1800s at the United States

American colonists—English System of law enforcement

Collective responsibility Reformation of Manners Society of the Suppression of Vice and

Encouragement of Religion, 1801 “Evangelical Police” system

Violence in the West Stagecoach Mail, gold, money passengers Prey for hold-ups James Gang and Wild Bunch 1848, discovery of gold Express companies

1850, American Express Henry Wells and William Fargo East of Missouri 1852, west of Missouri

Alan Pinkerton

1880s Modern day private security 'master sleuth” Civil War Intelligence and counter-espionage services Between 1867 and 1875 led the pursuit for

Frank and Jessie James Personal guard for President Abraham Lincoln

Pinkerton Detective Agency

“We never sleep.” Black and white eye (private eye) After Alan Pinkerton's death in 1884, the

agency was ran by his sons Robert Pinkerton and William Pinkerton

Considered as the only investigative agency with truly national capabilities

Philippine Setting

Pre-War

March 1, 1943 Special Watchman Agency Later renamed Jimenez Security Agency First formally licensed private security agency Granted license by the City of Manila pursuant

to an ordinance passed by the City Council no. 2162

Post-War

“Bombay Serene” Security guard Porter Messenger No obligations to employers Watchman Deterrence by their physical presence

Early Security Agency Business name Mayor's permit Municipal licenses Book of account (BIR, Bureau of Internal

Revenue) Lax supervision and administration by

government Firearms are uncontrolled in terms of number,

distribution, caliber and type Total permissiveness

PADPAO

Philippine Association of Detectives and Protective Agency Operators, Inc.

May 30, 1958 Private security agency operators Code of conduct and a system of control Lobbied in congress

RA 5487

Private Security Agency Law June 13, 1969 Set standards and minimum requirements for

operation of private security agencies Specifically tasked the Commanding General,

Philippine Constabulary (CG, PC) with general supervision over private security service industry in the country

Problems

Inefficient small, fly-by-night operators Armed groups posing as security agencies Too-large agencies—private armies

PD No. 11

October 3, 1972 President Ferdinand E. Marcos Rectify problems of RA 5487 Enlarge coverage of “Private Security Law”

Include security guards and watchmen employed by logging concessions, agricultural mining or pasture land and under the category of watchmen

Security guard agency includes not only government-owned but also controlled corporations that employ their own security guards

Increase regulatory power of CG, PC now Chief, PNP that authorizes to impose sanctions which is inclusive of authority to suspend violators of provisions of RA 5487

Did not resolve the problems of private security service industry from the viewpoint of law enforcement

PD No. 100

January 17, 1973 Broaden the coverage of industry Include employee of the national or local

government, or any agency, or instrumentality thereof, that is employed to watch or secure government buildings, compounds or premises and other properties other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), guards of the National Bureau of Prisons (NBP), provincial and city guards, and members of the police forces of the cities and municipalities