WHAT IS INDUSTRY?It is a division in which processing of raw materials and manufacturing & trade of goods take place.

WHAT IS ORGANIZATION?Organization is a group of people who work interdependently towards some purpose

THE PSYCHOLOGY:Industrial organizational

psychology is the scientific study of the work place.

Methods of psychology are applied to issues of critical relevance to business, including,

i. Talent management, ii. coaching, iii. assessment, iv. selection, v. training, vi. Organizational development, vii. performance, viii.work-life balance.

WHAT IS I/O PSYCHOLOGY?Usage of psychological

principles and theories to the workplace.

ORStudy of how people get

along at work and are able to perform effectively”

SUBDIVISIONS WITHIN I/O:

Industrial and Personnel psychology:

i. HR stuff: recruitment, job analysis, selection, training, performance appraisal, compensation, employment law

ii. KSAOs Knowledge, Skills, Abilities and other aspects related to job performance

Organizational psychology:i. Micro: motivation, leadership, teams,

worker attitudes, safety & well-being, work-family.

ii. Macro: organizational theory, culture, organizational development & change

Human factors & ergonomics:i. Modifying equipment ii. Environmental Changes iii. To fit workers needs

INFLUENCES ON I/O PSYCHOLOGYExperimental PsychologySocial PsychologySociologyManagementIndustrial Engineering

Who are I/O psychologists? I/O psychologist can be classified in

two general groups:1. Academics: Professors in research- and teaching-

oriented universities and colleges. Example in psychology, management, industrial relations, quantitative sciences, occupational health & safety

Their major activities; teaching courses, conducting research, writing and presenting research papers, attending conferences, mentoring students, performing university and professional service

2. Practioners: HR and organizational specialists in

consulting, private, and public organizations Their major activities; Job analysis, diagnosis,

surveying employees, designing and administering selection & performance appraisal systems, training, developing psychological tests, implementing and evaluating OD & change, data analysis

36%

29%

7%

21%8% Universities

Consulting FirmsGovernment Private Com-panies Other

Percentage of I/O Psychologists in major Work Settings

The Most Popular I/O Research Topics in Eight Countries

Country Topics

Canada Career development, Employee selection, job stress, leadership 

England Employee selection, gender, job stress, leadership, turnover

Germany Job Stress, motivation, training, work environment 

India Job satisfaction, job stress, motivation, organizational level 

Israel Career development, job satisfaction, motivation, performance appraisal, values 

Japan Career development, job stress, leadership, motivation 

Scandinavia

Gender, job stress, shift work, unemployment 

United States

Career development, employee selection, leadership, performance appraisal 

TIMELINE OF MAJOR EVENTS 1991- American Disability Act passed

1970- APA adopts the name I/O Psy1964- Civil Rights Act Passed1941- World War II war efforts begin1924- Hawthorne Studies begin1921- First I O PhD awarded Psychological Corporation Founded1917- Mental Tests for Job Placement Developed1913- First I O text book published1904-The term industrial Psychology used for the first time by W L Bryan who had written a paper in 1899

History of I/O Psychology:(1900-1916)W. L. Bryan

Stressed importance of studying “concrete activities and functions as they appear in daily life.”

But not really considered father of I/O Psych because he was a originator, before the field was established

THE NAMELESS WAS NAMEDFrank and Lillian Gilbreth

Interested in improving productivity and efficiency of industrial engineers.

Argued for the use of psychology in the work lives of industrial engineers.

Led to the merger of psychology with applied interests.

The nameless was crowned industrial psychology in 1910.

The “organizational” bit came in the 1970s.

Lillian Gilbreth is called the mother of management

The 3 Founding Fathers

Walter Dill Scott (American Psychologist)

Hugo Munsterberg (German)

Frederick Taylor (American Engineer)

WALTER DILL SCOTTFirst to apply the principles of

psychology to motivation and productivity in the workplace.

Would later become instrumental in the application of personnel procedures within the army during World War I.

He boosted industrial psychology

Hugo MunsterbergFather of industrial psychology

1. Applied psychological method to practical industrial problems.

2. Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1913)

View of I/O psychology:1. People need to fit the organization -- training!2. Applied behavioral sciences should help organizations to shape people to serve as replacement parts for organizational machines. Mechanistic.

Frederick TaylorPrinciples of Scientific

Management (1911)Management and workers should

cooperatively share responsibility for the design and conduct of work.E.g.: Showed that workers who handle heavy iron ingots were more productive when allowed work rests.

Training when to work and when to rest raised productivity from 12.5 to 47.0 tons moved per day.

Company increase efficiency. Costs dropped from 9.2 to 3.9 cents per ton.

World War I - I/O field catalystRobert Yerkes and Walter Dill

Scott: ◦ Screening recruits for mental deficiency—

Army Alpha and Beta intelligence tests developed.

◦ Classification of selected recruits into jobs◦ Performance evaluations of officers◦ Job Analysis◦ soldier motivation and morale◦ DisciplineFirst journal of applied psychology began in

1917

THE ALPA & BETA TESTRobert Yerkes created the WW-I Army Alpha and Beta intelligence tests for the war recruits. Army Alpha: five alternate forms of the verbal test,

Army Beta: a nonverbal test for illiterate and non-English speaking recruitsIndividual Examination: An individual verbal examination for those who failed Beta

Administered on approximately two million men

The test was criticized by Gould, S. J. as being culturally unfair;

Many of alpha test participants were not familiar with language

Many were not familiar with the use of pencil

Questions inappropriate for recent immigrants (e.g. question about TV star, Tennis Player etc).

An example of Army Beta TestPicture Completion

Between the Wars (1916-1940) The Hawthorne Studies Began in 1920 for more than 10 years at the

Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company.

Initially designed to study the effect of working conditions on performance such as lighting, and room temperature.

Later studied the impact of supervisory styles, arrangement of work groups, length of work breaks, and the length of work day.

Established the “Hawthorne Effect”: An effect on behavior that is due to getting any treatment and not necessarily to the nature of the treatment per se.

Human Relations Movement

A concentrated effort by managers and their advisors to become more sensitive to the needs of employees or to treat them in a more humanistic manner, i.e. social factors boost worker morale.

INFLUENCES ON HUMAN RELATIONS MOVEMENT

Hawthorne StudiesThreat of Unionization Philosophy of Humanism

Human Relations

Movement

Hawthorne Studies

Threat of Unionization

Philosophy of Industrial Humanism

Ethics in I/O FieldIt is essential for the psychologists in the profession to follow the Ethical Code developed by American Psychological Association (APA), in order prevent any harm to the client. The code includes both ethical principles and statements of appropriate professional conduct.

Six Ethical Principles of APA Code1. Competence: A psychologist only does work that he/she is

competent to perform.

2. Integrity: Psychologists are fair and honest in their professional dealing with others.

3. Professional and Scientific Responsibility: Psychologists maintain high standards of professional behavior.

4. Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity: Psychologists respect the rights of confidentiality and privacy of others.

5. Concern for Other’s Welfare: Psychologists attempt to help others through their professional work.

6. Social Responsibility: Psychologists have a responsibility to use their skills to benefit society.

GROUP MEMBERS:QURRAT-UL-AIN SHAFIQUEABID FAHEEMHUSSAINMOHAMMAD MATEENNARESH KUMARTARIQ JAWAIDSHAHERYAR HUSSAINZUHAIBAVEENASH KUMAR