Industrial Gases By: Andrew Kubitschek, Andy Johnson VI, Ethan

Richter

Industrial Gases

• Industry

• Commonly Used Basic Gases

• Formulation

• Environmental factors

• Common Uses

Gas Industry

• Industries net worth $17 billion

• 15 companies in Wisconsin

• Employs about 60,000 American workers

• Supplies products to industries that account for 42% of America’s Gross Domestic Product

Source: http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf

How industrial gases are used

• Benefits patients in hospitals and at home

• Helps clean the air

• Creates cleaner transportation fuels

• Helps purify water supplies

• Enhances domestic energy production and efficiency

• Powers space exploration

• Ensures the safe transport and preservation of food

• Enables advanced electronics

Commonly used basic gases

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• Carbon Monoxide

• Carbon Dioxide

Source:http://www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_7188.pdf

Oxygen and Hydrogen synthesis

http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse

Nitrogen Synthesis

• Air being around 78% nitrogen is a great place to get it.

• Air is then compressed and cooled, then transported to an insulated area

• The Nitrogen having a lower boiling point then the liquid oxygen is then distilled out. Then compressed again without the oxygen.

http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207

Carbon Monoxide Synthesis

• Producer gas: CO2 + C → 2 CO (ΔH = −221 kJ/mol)

• Water gas: H2O + C → H2 + CO (ΔH = +131 kJ/mol)

• By product of Metal oxides: MO + C → M + CO

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production

Carbon Dioxide Synthesis

• Side product of the industrial production of ammonia and hydrogen.

• Side product of fuel combustion (not normally recovered)

• Product of breathing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

Machinery

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo

Reactions

Reactions 2

Making Industry Greener

• Uses for oxygen in oil refineries.

• A. Increased plant capacity.

• B. Higher oxidation temperatures.

• C. Reduced load on off-gas treatment systems due to lower concentration of inert nitrogen.

• D. New plants can be built smaller.

Making industry Greener cont…

• Hydrogen for oil refineries.

• A. steam reforming of methane.

• B. Gasification of oil refining residues and recovery from synthesis gas.

• C. Recovery from refinery off-gases.

Common Uses

• Nitrogen• Ammonia synthesis (NH3)

• Chemicals

• Oil and Gas Extraction (AOR)

• Electronics

• Primary Metals Manufacture

Common Uses

• Oxygen• Primary Metals Production

• Chemicals and Gasification

• Medicine

• Oxyacetylene Welding

• C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g) + ∆

Common Uses

• Hydrogen• Ammonia synthesis (Haber process)

• Methanol manufacture

• (1) 2CH4 (g)+ ½ O2 (g) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2 (synthesis gas)

• (2) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2 2CH3OH (g) + 2H2 (g) +H2O (g)

Common Uses

• Carbon Dioxide• Food Industry

• Beverage Carbonation

• Oil and Gas Recovery

• Chemical Manufacture

References

• : http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf

• www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_7188.pdf

• http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse

• http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo