INDONESIA RENEWABLE ENERGY

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

R & D Center For Electricity, New-Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation

NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES EXPERT GROUP (EGNRET) MEETING 41

Beijing, P.R. China

16-17 October, 2013

CURRENT ENERGY SITUATION

• Oil Domination

Oil still dominates primary energy sources in Indonesia

(about 52% of primary energy mix)

• Fuel Subsidies

GOI has provided fuel subsidies to provide cheaper fuel price. Reduction of fuel subsidies has been gradually applied since 2004, but not yet completely removed. In 2005, the subsidies cost nearly $10 billion or 3.5% of GDP

• Growth of energy consumption in period of 1970-2005 is ±8.5% per year, however, the community access to the energy still low

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100,000

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1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004

Tho

usa

nd

BO

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Gas

Coal

Hydro

Geothermal

Oil

2005

37.4%

64.0%

99.9% 33.5%

0.7%

0.1%

16.3% 0.4%

11.9%

28.8%

0.9% 6.1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Industry Household &Commercial

Transport

OIL GAS COAL ELECTRICITY LPG

Share of Final Energy Consumption by sector : Industry : (38.5%) Household & Commercial : (23.5%) Transportation : (38.0%)

Share of Final Energy Consumption by Fuel type (2005)

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

• Hydro; Hydro energy that spread out in the country is estimated to have

total capacity more than 75 GW

• Geothermal; Over 252 areas has been identified (small - intermediate enthalpy

about 30,000 MWe and high enthalpy about 27,000 MWe)**

• Wind; Some direct measurements and model-based estimates have been

done. At windy area the annual average wind speed reach 7 m/s at

50m height***

Sources: * DJLPE; ** PERTAMINA; *** LAPAN, P3TKEBT

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

• Solar;

The intensity of solar energy 4-5.7 kWh/m2/d

• Ocean;

Straits in Eastern Indonesia have high speed current (1-3 m/s),

some locations have tidal potential up to 4m**

• Biomass;

Annual agriculture/forestry waste (~ 50 GW)***

Sources: * P3TKEBT; ** PPGL; *** DJLPE

SOME RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

FOR NON-FOSSIL ENERGY

AT MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

• Model project of Micro hydro

• Demonstration project of Stabilized and Advanced Grid-Connection Photovoltaic

• Model project of biogas from dung in rural area

• Bio ethanol from industrial waste

• Fuel cell for power generation

• Microalgae as a feedstock for biodiesel

• Biomass Gasification (lead to cellulosic bio fuel)

• Medium scale of Wind Turbine (100 kW)

• Study on Geothermal Reservoir

• Ocean Current power plant

MODEL PROJECT OF MICROHYDRO POWER PLANT

Run-off-river MHPP at water fall creek, Garut, West Java, cap. of 165 kW

Run-off-river MHPP at irrigation system, Subang, West Java, cap. of 100 kW

BIOMASS GASIFICATION, BIOETHANOL AND BIOGAS

• Applicability for Indonesia

– Distributed Power Generator is suitable for archipelago country

– Small capacity power generation cab be used for housing/small

industries

– Hydrogen can be obtained from RE such as Wind or PV which its

availability is intermittent

• Current Development

– PEM FC is under development by many institutes

– MEA is mostly component that under studies

FUEL CELL AS DISTRIBUTED POWER

GENERATION

Facility for fabricating small scale PEMFC

(reducing catalyst by applying sputtering technique)

• Applicability for Indonesia

– Archipelago country with the length of coastal area reach to

80,000 km

– Tropical climate, with high sunlight exposure and relatively

constant temperatures for the whole year

– Microalgae variety is abundant in Indonesian waters

• Current Development

– Hundreds of species have been assessed

– Some strains show promising properties

– Small scale project is underway

Micro Algae as Biodiesel Feedstock

Microalage: species, culture and the oil

THERMAL PROCESS FOR

CELLULOSIC BIOFUEL

• Applicability for Indonesia

– Most of agriculture/forest waste has not been optimal utilized

and its capacity is huge

– Utilization of biomass for energy mostly using direct combustion

technology

• Current Development

– Industrial scale of biomass gasification using fluidized bed is not

yet applied

– The application of biomass gasification typically using

downdraft/updraft reactor

– Fischer Throps process has been studied at laboratory scale

Cellulosic Biofuel Production

Gasification Syngas Liquefaction via

Fischer-Throps

Bio fuel (BTL)

Chemicals Fuel Gas

Biomass Agro/Forest

waste

The study on small scale biomass gasification using fluidized

bed reactor is underway

• Applicability for Indonesia – Archipelago country and many remote area needs distributed

power generator

– Some areas has annual rated speed over 5 m/s

– Very small utilized, difficulties to adopt existing technology

• Current Development – Small capacity (<10kW) has been developed

– 100 kW wind turbine using induction generator is under development

– Manufacture of medium-large scale of blade is conducted at National aero craft industry facility

WIND ENERGY POWER PLANT

Map of wind grid sources at West Java, and

development of 100 kW Wind turbine

WIND TURBINE CONSEPTUAL DESIGN

WIND TURBINE PILOT PLANT 100 kW

• Applicability for Indonesia

– Hundreds of geothermal site is identified as low-intermediate

enthalpy, none is utilized as small power plant

– The sites spread out in the country, suitable for small grid in

islands outside Java

• Current Development

– A few of early investigation has been done

– High cost on the activities become a barrier for further

investigation

Small Scale Geothermal Energy Development

(< 10 MW)

• Proposed site of study

Banten Province

• Potential indication:

Based on geological, geochemistry and geophysics data and manifestation on the surface, it is possible to have heat accumulation zone that forms geothermal zone under the surface. It is predicted geothermal reservoir zone is located at > 1000m under the ground with capacity of 61 MWe

• Applicability for Indonesia

– Archipelago country which has more than thousand islands,

potential for ocean energy (wave, tidal or current)

– many straits that potential for ocean current plant

– The sites spread out in the country, suitable for small grid in

islands outside Java

• Current Development

– A few of early investigation has been done

– High cost on the activities become a barrier for further

investigation

OCEAN CURRENT POWER PLANT

Study on ocean current at Bali province

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Time (4 - 14 April 2008)

Depth 4m

Cooperation between: Geological Marine Institute & ITB

CLOSING

Oil production tends to decline

Acceleration of alternative energy development need to be

immediate performed as one measure to achieve national

energy security

High up-front capital cost is a main challenge for renewable

energy development in many developing countries like

Indonesia

Technological aspects has important role to answer the

challenges in renewable energy development

www.p3tkebt.esdm.go.id