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INDIVIDUAL FOOD
CONSUMPTION SURVEYDISSEMINATION FORUM
July 28, 2020
DOST-FNRI, Taguig City
FOOD CONSUMPTION SURVEY: Individual Level
EXPANDED NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY: 2018
Individual Food Consumption Survey
IFCS provides data on the intake, food quantities, and nutrient adequacies of the different population groups
Lactating
Mothers
Preschool-age
children AdolescentsSchool-age
childrenAdults Elderly
Pregnant
Women
SIGNIFICANCE vital for shaping food and health guidelines
planning and evaluating programs
understanding consumption patterns
developing strategies for health promotion and disease prevention
to track progress in addressing SDG targets by 2030 particularly Goal 2
RATIONALE
Coverage by Population Group
YOUNG CHILDREN (n=10,195)
6 mo.-11 mo. (n=755)
1-2 years old (n=3,387)
3-5 years old (n=6,053)
SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN (n=14,556)
6-9 years old (n=8,641)
10-12 years old (n=5,915)
n= 80,540
ADOLESCENTS (n=10,027)
13-15 years old (n=5,519)
16-18 years old (n=4,508)
ELDERLY (n=8,643)
60-69 years old (n=5,339)
70 years old and above (n=3,304)
LACTATING(n=2,219)
PREGNANT
(n=741)
ADULTS(n=34,159)
19-29 years old (n=9,248)
30-49 years old (n=16,953)
50-59 years old (n=7,958)
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Food Recall
Face-to-face interview
Two (2) Non-Consecutive Days
24-hour Food Recall
1st day - All members of the sampledhouseholds
2nd day - 50% of the sampledhouseholds
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Food RecallAll foods and beverages consumed from the time the subject woke up until bedtime
Quantities were expressed in terms of cups, tablespoon, or by size and number of pieces and converted into grams or milliliters for analysis
DATA PROCESSING
Individual Dietary Evaluation System (IDES) developed by FNRI was used to evaluate the energy and nutrient content of foods consumed by each individual
This system contains the data of the expandedFilipino Food Composition Table (FCT)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Mean and usual intake distributions ofnutrients were estimated by using thePC-SIDE software
The ISU method adjusts daily intakes to remove the effect ofintra-individual variability; therefore, the estimated distributiononly reflects between-person variability in intake (Nusser, et. al.,1992)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges(AMDR) were used to evaluate Carbohydrates, TotalFat, and Protein intakes as percentage of energy
Proportion of inadequacy and excessive intakeswere classified as less than AMDR lower rangeand greater than AMDR upper range,respectively
INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION
INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS
Contribution of Food Groups to Mean One-day Food Intake
Contribution of food groups to mean one-day food intake*among children and adolescents : Philippines, 2018
40.3% 39.9%45.9% 49.7% 52.0% 52.1% 49.4%
3.8%
5.8%5.9%
6.7% 7.7%8.5%
2.1%
11.8%
17.1%
20.1%20.3% 20.2% 20.8%50.3%
26.2%
8.7% 2.9%1.8% 1.3% 1.3%
5.8% 7.5% 6.5% 4.9% 5.1% 6.4%
0
20
40
60
80
100
6-11mos 1-2y 3-5y 6-9y 10-12y 13-15y 16-18y
Per
cen
t (%
)
Miscellaneous
Fruits
Vegetables
Dried Beans, Nuts and Seeds
Milk and Milk Products
Eggs
Fish, Meat and Poultry
Fats and Oils
Sugar and Syrups
Starchy Roots and Tubers
Cereals and Cereal Products
145g 248g 354g 441g 536g 618g 688g
*Intakes are expressed in Raw Edible Portion
Young Children School Children Adolescents
(58g)
(73g)
(99g)
(29g)
(65g)
(163g)
(60g)
(220g)
(89g)
(279g)
(109g)
(322g)
(125g)
(340g)
(143g)
(31g)
Contribution of food groups to mean one-day food intake*among adults, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers: Philippines, 2018
47.2% 47.8% 48.6% 53.9%
7.9% 5% 4.2%
4.2%
20.2% 19.3% 19.1%18.3%
8.3% 10.7% 9.1% 9.6%
7.1% 5.8% 3.9% 4.5%
0
20
40
60
80
100
19-59y >60y Pregnant Lactating
Pe
rce
nt
(%)
Miscellaneous
Fruits
Vegetables
Dried Beans, Nuts and Seeds
Milk and Milk Products
Eggs
Fish, Meat and Poultry
Fats and Oils
Sugar and Syrups
Starchy Roots and Tubers
Cereals and Cereal Products
700g 539g 642g 640g
*Intakes are expressed in Raw Edible Portion
Adults Elderly Women
(330g) (257g) (312g)(345g)
(1411g) (104g) (123g)
(117g)
(58g)(58g)
(58g)(61g)
5.1% 6.3%
Mean Energy Intake, Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and
Recommended Energy Intake (REI) by age groups: Philippines, 2018
452
740
937
1140
1400
16081737 1690
1302
16031671
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
6-11 mons. 1-2y 3-5y 6-9y 10-12y 13-15y 16-18y 19-59y >60 y Pregnant Lactating
En
erg
y I
nta
ke
(k
ca
l)
Energy
1753
23172402
Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescents Adults Elderly
627
868
1126
1497
2305
1909
2003
2220
675
960
1305
1535
2020
2435
2645
2230
1875
2200
2400
REIEER
INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS
Food Sources of Total Energy Intake
Milk powder,
filled (11.4%)
Rice (30.8%)
Milk, powder,
Growing up
(1-3y.o) (4.6%)
Infant formula
(3.1%)
TOP 5 Food Sources of the Total Energy Intake: Philippines, 2018
YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y)
Cooking oil
(2.1%)
SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)
Rice (48.2%)
Cooking oil
(2.7%)
Pork, lean
(2.6%)
Hotdog (1.8%)
Pandesal
(1.8%)
Rice (54.4%)
Pork, lean
(3.0%)
Cooking oil
(2.4%)
Pork, belly
(2.2%)
Pandesal
(1.3%)
TOP 5 Food Sources of the Total Energy Intake: Philippines, 2018
ADULTS (19-59y) ELDERLY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING
Rice (54.5%)
Pork, lean
(3.2%)
3 in 1 coffee
(2.7%)
Cooking oil
(2.0%)
Pork, belly
(2.0%)
Rice (51.9%)
3 in 1 coffee
(3.2%)
Pandesal
(3.1%)
Pork, lean
(2.7%)
Pande monay(1.8%)
Rice (50.5%)
Milk powdered, filled (2.5%)
Pork, lean
(2.5%)
Cooking oil
(2.2%)
Pork, belly
(2.1%)
Rice (58.1%)
3 in 1 coffee
(2.7%)
Pork, lean
(2.7%)
Pandesal
(1.9%)
Cooking oil
(1.9%)
INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS
Prevalence of Macronutrients Inadequacy and Excessiveness
(as % energy)
80.2
45.8
13.9
21.9
31.938.5 35.8
14.2
31.8
19.0
10.56.7 5.5 7.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9y 10-12y 13-15y 16-18y
% <AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)
Pre
vale
nce
%Prevalence of Fat Inadequacy and Excessiveness among
children and adolescents (as % energy)
Young children Schoolchildren Adolescents
Pre
vale
nce
% 48.4
58.1
39.0
55.6
3.0 2.0 2.5 1.50
20
40
60
80
100
Adult(19-59 y)
Elderly (≥60 y )
Pregnant Lactating
% < AMDR (Inadequate)
% > AMDR (Excessive)
Prevalence of Fat Inadequacy and Excessiveness among adult, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers (as % energy)
7.90.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
41.8
30.2
21.616.6 14.1 14.1 15.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 y
% <AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)
Pre
vale
nce
%
Prevalence of Protein Inadequacy and Excessiveness among children and adolescents (as % energy)
Young children Schoolchildren Adolescents
Pre
vale
nce
%
Prevalence of Protein Inadequacy and Excessiveness among adult, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers (as % energy)
1.3 2.7 2.5 4.4
22.730.2
25.118.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Adult (19-59 y)
Elderly (≥60 y )
Pregnant Lactating
% < AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)
2.2
16.1 16.1
8.3 5.5 4.2 6.4
83.4
22.8
3.3 4.47.6 9.1 8.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
6-11m 1-2y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18y
% <AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)
Pre
vale
nce %
Prevalence of Carbohydrates Inadequacy and Excessiveness among children and adolescents (as % energy)
Young children Schoolchildren Adolescents
Pre
vale
nce
%
4.0 2.5 3.6 2.0
27.334.1
21.1
37.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Adult(19-59 y)
Elderly(≥60 y )
Pregnant Lactating
% < AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)
Prevalence of Carbohydrates Inadequacy and Excessiveness among adult, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers (as % energy)
INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS
Micronutrient Inadequacy
Prevalence of Vitamin A Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018
69.3
47.844.8
63.1
76.173.0 72.3
60.3
74.8
66.8
74.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 yo 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 y Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating
Pre
va
len
ce
%
Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent
% < EAR
Prevalence of Vitamin C Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018
48.8
69.2
83.1
94.1 97.1 96.7 96.0 94.591.2
95.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating
Pre
va
len
ce
%
Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent
No EAR available for Vitamin C of 6-11 months
% < EAR
Prevalence of Iron Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018
77.9 79.484.0
79.6
96.0 98.495.0
98.7 99.6 100.0 100.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating
Pre
va
len
ce
%
Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent
% < EAR
Prevalence of Calcium Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018
53.8 56.3
74.9
91.8 92 90.2 87.1
95.3 95.388.7
93.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating
Pre
va
len
ce
%
Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent
% < EAR
Prevalence of Thiamine Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018
58.855.5 58.2
61.3
72.8 74.578.9
81.9
92.688.3 85.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating
Pre
va
len
ce
%
Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent
% < EAR
Prevalence of Riboflavin Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018
60.2
34.6
43.2
61.6
80.886.6
90.284.3
91.0 91.2 93.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 y Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating
Pre
vale
nce
%
Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent
% < EAR
Prevalence of Niacin Inadequacyby age groups: Philippines, 2018
53.249.8
16.2 14.217.2 15.9 18.0
9.7
28.932.3
26.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating
Pre
va
len
ce
%
Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent
% < EAR
INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS
Food Sources of Micronutrients
YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y) SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)
TOP 5 Food Sources of VITAMIN A (%contribution): Philippines, 2018
Milk, powdered,
filled (45.1%)
Chicken egg
(6.8%)
Chicken
liver
(22.8%)
Pork liver (4.0%)
Chicken liver
(12.3%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (10.6%)
Chicken egg
(10.3%)
Pork liver (10.2%)
Pork, lean (6.2%)
Chicken
liver
(20.8%)
Pork liver (15.2%)
Chicken egg
(7.7%)
Pork, lean
(7.1%)
Canned
sardines (4.4%)Infant formula
(3.1%)
ADULTS (19-59y) ELDERLY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING
TOP 5 Food Sources of VITAMIN A (%contribution): Philippines, 2018
Pork liver
(24.5%)
Chicken liver
(21.6%)
Pork, lean
(6.1%)
Chicken Egg
(5.3%)
Canned
sardines (3.3%)
Chicken
liver (19.6%)
Pork liver
(15.2%)
Pork, lean
(5.3%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (5.2%)
Chicken Egg
(4.8%)
Pork liver
(21.6%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (13.2%)
Chicken liver(7.7%)
Chicken egg
(5.5%)
Pork, lean
(4.9%)
Chicken liver
(22.8%)
Pork liver
(10.5%)
Chicken egg
(6.8%)
Pork, lean
(5.9%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (5.7%)
YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y) SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)
TOP 5 Food Sources of VITAMIN C (%contribution): Philippines, 2018
Infant Formula
(11.0%)
Milk, powder,
Growing up
(30.5%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (13.8%)
Banana Saba
(8.6%)
Chocolate flavor
drink, powdered
(5.7%)
Malunggay
leaves (5.4%)
Powdered iced tea
(4.7%)
Milk powder,
filled (3.9%)
Banana Saba
(7.2%)
Malunggay
leaves (6.4%)
Indian Mango,
unripe (5.3%)
Lemon tea drink,
tetrabrick (4.9%)
Powdered Iced
Tea (4.0%)
Banana Saba
(4.4%)
Chocolate flavor
drink, powdered
(3.5%)
ADULTS (19-59y) ELDERLY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING
TOP 5 Food Sources of VITAMIN C (%contribution): Philippines, 2018
Banana,
saba (9.9%)
Malunggay
leaves (7.0%)
Malunggay
pod (5.2%)
Pechay
leaves (4.3%)
Taro, leaves
(4.3%)
Banana,
saba (11.3%)
Malunggay
leaves (9.5%)
Taro, leaves
(5.2%)
Powdered Iced
tea (4.1%)
Banana,
lacatan (3.9%)
Banana, saba(7.2%)
Papaya fruit, ripe (6.4%)
Malunggay
leaves (6.3%)
Indian mango, unripe (5.8%)
Taro leaves (5.3%)
Malunggay
leaves (11.9%)
Banana,
saba (10.2%)
Malunggay
pod (5.2%)
Taro leaves
(4.5%)
Potato (3.7%)
YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y) SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)
TOP 5 Food Sources of IRON (%contribution): Philippines, 2018
Rice (14.7%)
Milk, powder,
Growing up
(1-3y.o) (9.7%)
Hotdog (7.4%)
Infant formula (6.5%)
Chocolate flavor drink, powdered (4.8%)
Rice (25.1%)
Hotdog (9.1%)
Chocolate flavor drink, powdered (4.9 %)
Pandesal
(3.0%)
Rice (31.1%)
Hotdog (6.8%)
Pork, lean (2.9%)
Chicken Egg (3.7%)
Chicken Egg (3.0%)
Chicken, white meat (2.5%)
ADULTS (19-59y) ELDERLY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING
TOP 5 Food Sources of IRON (%contribution): Philippines, 2018
Rice (31.2%)
Pandesal (3.4%)
Hotdog (3.4%)
Pork, lean
(3.1%)
Chicken egg
(2.6%)
Rice (28.4%)
Pandesal
(5.5%)
Pande monay
(3.4%)
White loaf
bread (2.9%)
Pork, lean
(2.5%)
Rice (26.0%)
Hotdog (5.4%)
Chocolate flavor drink, powdered (4.3%)
Pandesal
(3.3%)
Chicken egg
(2.3%)
Rice (34.0%)
Pandesal (3.5%)
Hotdog (3.3%)
Chicken
egg (2.9%)
Chicken,
white meat
(2.6%)
YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y) SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)
TOP 5 Food Sources of CALCIUM (%contribution): Philippines, 2018
Milk, powdered,
filled (37.6%)
Infant Formula
(10.9%)
Milk, powder,
Growing up
(1-3y.o) (10.4%)
Milk, powder,
Growing up
(3-5y.o) (5.0%)
Rice (4.6%)
Rice (17.4%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (13.3%)
Chicken, white
meat (3.5%)
Canned sardines
(2.7%)
Chocolate flavor drink,
powdered (2.5%)
Rice (23.2%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (5.5%)
Chicken, white
meat (3.9%)
Canned sardines
(3.2%)
Pork, lean (1.8%)
ADULTS (19-59y) ELDELY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING
TOP 5 Food Sources of CALCIUM (%contribution): Philippines, 2018
Rice (21.8%)
Chicken, white
meat (3.6%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (3.4%)
Canned
sardines (2.8%)
Beer, pale
Pilsen (2.2%)
Rice (17.4%)
Milk, powdered,
filled (7.2%)
Milk, hi-calcium, nonfat/lowfatpowdered (3.5%)
Dried anchovy
(3.1%)
Chicken,
white meat
(2.7%)
Rice (15.7%)
Milk, powdered, filled (10.7%)
Milk, hi-calcuim, nonfat/lowfatpowdered (4.2%)
Dried anchovy
(3.1%)
Chicken, white meat (2.3%)
Rice (22.0%)
Milk, powdered, filled (7.9%)
Chicken, white
meat (3.6%)
Canned sardines (2.8%)
Malunggay
leaves (2.0%)
SUMMARY
Disparity in food intakes were observed across age/population groups, with adults having the highest average one-day food intake.
Adolescents obtained the highest consumption of fish, meat and meat products while lactating mothers were the biggest consumers of cereals and cereal products.
Energy inadequacy was seen in all age/population groups but was most notable among the infants 6-11 months, adolescents and elderly.
SUMMARY
Inadequacy and excessiveness of energy intake for total fat, protein and carbohydrates were observed across age/population groups with young children, elderly and lactating mothers having the highest prevalence of inadequacy for fat but also having the highest excessiveness for carbohydrates.
Nutrient inadequacies was seen in all age/population groups with more than 50% not meeting the requirement for most of the nutrients.
SUMMARY
Iron was the least met micronutrient in the diet of all age/population groups while niacin was the most met.
Rice remains the top source of energy and iron in all age groups excluding young children where the primary source is from milk and milk products. Other sources include meat and meat products, vegetables and eggs.
Raw Edible Portion (REP) refers to the form of food after removal of inedible parts like bones, shells, etc.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)defined as a range of intakes for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients. An AMDR is expressed as a percentage of total energy intake
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)is based on calculations that account for an individual's energy intake, energy expenditure, age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity level
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)daily nutrient intake level that meets the median or average requirement of healthy individuals in particular life stage and sex group, corrected for incomplete utilization or dietary nutrient bioavailability.
Recommended Energy/Nutrient Intake (REI/RNI)is the level of intake of energy or nutrient which is considered adequate for the maintenance of health and well-being of healthy persons in the population
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Reference:
Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes (2015). Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City.
Dietary Reference Intake. Retrieved from https:www.canada.ca/en/healthy-eating/dietary-reference-inatkes.html#a7a on July 15, 2020.