Urban IndiaDeveloping cities expand rapidly, with todays fringe becoming tomorrows developed city and the day-after-tomorrows core city. But too often, policy makers have focused on here-and-now problems and done little to guide the future city. The result has been much infrastructure in the city center and little development at the periphery, with projects designed to increase mobility rather than to foster accessibility.

Although circumstances differ considerably across cities in India, certain basic trends which determine transport demand (such as substan-tial increase in urban population, household incomes, and industrial and commercial activi-ties) are the same. These changes have placed heavy demands on urban transport systems, a demand that many Indian cities have been unable to meet.

New infrastructure projects are focussed on solving the current problems

Transportation in

Although mobility and accessibility have increased tremendously in the urban areas, there are severe problems such as delay, congestion, accidents, air and noise pollution, energy wastage,etc. Public transport systems have not been able to keep pace with the rapid and substantial increases.

Here is the forecast in increase of vehicle population y 2035. The current infrastructure cannot support it.

Traffic composition in India is of a mixed nature. There is a wide variety of about a dozen types of both slow and fast-mov-ing vehicles.

Source: www.worldbank.org.in

INDIA- Shared space

Small vehicles get out of way for larger vehicles.Very few places have traffic segregation.

Need for personal Transportation

The scene in Urban India

-Because of reduced access to public transport.-Roads are dangerous for pedestrian and bicycles.-Two wheelers are affordable-Status symbol

Shift of 2 W users to carsShift of cyclers to 2 WSeparate vehicle for family members

Increase in TrafficEmssionsNoiseAccidents

More roads being built to address the issues

Increased distances between residential- and work place- and leisure places

people buying more cars

Introduction of more car support and dependent infrastructure

other means of mobility are neglected

american cities -provided more and more mobility

now locked up in a car dependent system

India going down the same road and making the same mistakes

Indian Urban Transport Policy

Solving traffic congestionKeeping driving affordable

Current measures

By planning of low density areas High capacity roads

More car dependent urban structureUrban sprawlPeople moving to suburbs

No choice but to travel long distances

Key destinations are getting scattered over a wide area

as a result of which

increasing fuel prices adding to the problem

Even with current numbers Indian cities are choked. If the number goes double and if some systems are not introduced the cities will come to a stand still

22 cities constitute 60% of vehicle sales

average travel time in a city for a person is

In 2030-31 Indians will travel thrice as many kms as in 2000-01

Share of private owned vehiclesShare of public transport

Energy demandCO2 emissions

2000-01

24.3%75.7%954 petajoules17.27

2030-31

55.3%44.7%5897 petajoules93.22

some statisticsin 2010

for every 1000 people in India

45 two wheelers

for every 1000 people in India

7 cars

1 hour a day

by year 2030-31 -projected rise in share of private owner-ship and huge decrease in share of public transport, Energy demand will increase 5 fold and carbon emissions also by 5 fold

in 2030

Source: www.worldbank.org.in

evolution of the Indian cities

Walking cities

Non motorised transport cities

Motorcycle cities

Traffic saturated motorcycle cities

Car cities

continued motorisation

unrestrained motorisation

40% of trips in URBAN India by Non-motorised vehicle

still in 2010

28 % of trips by walking27% of trips by public transport11% of trips by cycling

walking + cycling + non private vehicle modeof public transport = 74 % of commuters in cities of 4 million and above population

cars account for only 12 %

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milestone or tombstone ???Source: www.iimahd.ernet.in/egov/documents/

Indian cities spread pattern

Urban India has more density of vehicles and people hence the urban is given more importance in infrastructure projects. Rising costs have forced people to move to suburbs and farther areas. New state highways express ways help in reducing traffic but increase commute time

Last mile transportation

Major metros and upcoming two tier cities are trying to develop a transportaion system which has different types of mobility integrated with each other.

The need of urban India is filling up the last gap, that is transportation from bus stops or train stations to their houses. recently share autos have been serving as a cheap last mile transportation

Here is an example of Mumbai where the METRO rail is the major mode of transportation, the bus services, autos and rickshaws serve as a feeder to the system filling the gap of the last mile, thus giving people an option of transportation other than owning a personal vehicle