indian-orissa power sector- presentation

8/3/2019 Indian-Orissa Power Sector- Presentation

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BY

A FEW FACTSON INDIAN / ORISSA POWER SECTOR

SRI N.N. MAHAPATRA


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. As per Webster Universal Dictionary, Electricity is defined as a form of energy theUltimate nature of which is unknown.

Electrical Power is endowed with a few strange / peculiar characteristics as

mentioned below : * It cannot be seen / visualized.* * It cannot be measured by Conventional Measuring Units in Kg, Ltr., Mtr. Etc.

but its operational parameters like Voltage, Current, Active, Reactive power etc. can bemeasured in appropriate measuring unit in an operating band of-106 to +1012. * It is indistinguishable as which type of power is being used at any point of

time whether Hydro, Thermal, Nuclear, Gas and Renewable as this cannot be segregated.

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY /

POWER.


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It flows as per Laws of physics and follows path of leastresistance.

Its availability and demand vary every second.

The consumer has no control what the supplier / traders supplies

and the supplier / trader has no control what the consumer draws

from the inevitable power pool at any point of time.

Power is thus a unique product.


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B CORE FUNCTIONS IN POWER SECTOR

Generation

Transmission

Distribution

Trading

B1. Generation

Thermal Hydro Nuclear Gas

Conventional

Wind Small Hydro Biomass/

Cogeneration

Tidal Biomass

gassifier

Solar P.V. Municipal

Waste

coverted as

energy

Non-Conventional

Generation

This generation of power in India is broadly classified under two categories as mentioned below :


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Nuclear Power

The recent study by International Electricity Agency (IEA) projects an increase of 75% in global

demand for electricity by the year 2012. Nuclear Power is required to provide base load for system

stability as well as to meet both peak and base demand. 437 Nuclear Power plants are in operation in 30

countries producing 3,50,000 MW which is about 17.5% of the total capacity generated in the world.

This is briefly described in the Table below :

Rank Country % of share of Nuclear Power of total generation

1 France 75.00

6 Sweden 46.80

8 South Korea 42.84

12 Switzerland 36.0313 Japan 36.00

15 Germany 31.21

17 U.K. 28.87

19 U.S.A. 19.80

20 Russia 14.41

21 Canada 12.44

27 India 2.7528 China 1.15

Father of Nuclear energy in India Dr. H. J. Bhava had charted in way back in the year 1950the following 3 stage programme for establishing Nuclear power Project with our resources.


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FIRST STAGEUse of natural Uranium 235 in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) andproduction of power and Plutonium.

SECOND STAGEUse of Plutonium in PHWRs and Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) andproduction of additional Plutonium U-233 and Power.

THIRD STAGEUse of thorium and U-233 in an advanced fuel cycle and Reactor System is

under Final stage of Development for development of Nuclear power in acommercial scale.

Two BARC Scientists V. Jagannathan and Usha Pal revealed their indigenousdesign for a Thorium Nuclear Reactor Capable of producing 600 MW of powerfor two years without being replenished at an International Conference on

emerging nuclear energy system held at Brussels on 25th August 2005. It isfar more economical and safer than any other in the world and this ThoriumBreeder Reactor (ATBR) does not need expensive and scare Uranium-235 butruns entirely on Thorium and U-233. This is a landmark breakthroughachieved by Indian Scientists in utilization of abundant reserve of Thoriumfor generation of Nuclear Power.


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Nuclear Power is safe and environmentally benign. Its generation costfrom the existing old plants like TAPP and RAPP is around 100 P/Kwh whereasthat from newer plants is about 250-350 P/Kwh.

Due to the guidance of founding father Dr. H.J.Bhava and thereafter of Dr.Vikram Sarabhai, India has developed and demonstrated its full capabilities andself-reliance in c to c in Nuclear Power as stated below :

Design

Manufacturing

Construction

Commissioning

Operation & Maintenance

Mineral exploration & Mining

Heavy Water Production

Fuel fabrication and reprocessing


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Existing & Proposed Nuclear Power Projects

PLANT LOCATION EXISTINGCAPACITY

UNDER CONSTRUCTION COMMISSIONINGSCHEDULE

TAPP 1,2&3 TrombayMaharastra 220 MWe220 MWe TAPP 4 540 MWe April 2006January 2007

RAPP1,2,3 & 4

RanapratapSagarRajasthan

740 MWe RAPP 5 220 MWeRAPP 6 220 MWe

August 2007February 2008

KgAPP 1&2 KaigaKarnatak

440 MWe Kaiga-3 220 MWeKaiga-4 220 MWe

March 2007Sept.,2007

MAPP 1&2 KalpakkamTamilnadu

340 MWe - -

NAPP 1&2 NaroraUP

440 MWe - -

KAPP 1 & 2 KakrapurGujurat

440 MWe - -

KKAP 1&2 KundankulamTamilnadu

- KK-I 1000 MWeKK-II 1000 MWe

December 2007Dec.,2008

TOTAL 3260 Mwe 3420 MWe


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After introduction of ABT and CERC (Terms and conditions ofTariff) Regulation, 2004 for 2004-2009 (MYT) (effective from 1st April,2004) the Thermal Power Station are to receive 100% Fixed Cost only if

they can attain 80% Target Availability and payment of incentive beyond80%. This has forced the Thermal Stations across the country to achievebetter Plant Load Factor (PLF) and in fact PLF of Thermal Stations whichwas about 64.4% in 1996-97 rose to 75% in 2004-05 which is expectedto touch 80% in 2006-07 provided the coal required for ThermalGeneration is supplied by Coal India Ltd. Matching to the generation.

Sri P.C. Parekh, IAS, Secretary, Department of Coal saysThecrux of the issue is that power capacities are going up rapidly, it does nottake more than 30 months to commission a new Thermal Unit but forcoal, it takes not less than 60 months for commercial use of coal from anew coal mine and peak production is reached in 120 months.


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CERC (Terms and Conditions for Tariff), 2004 effective from 1st April,

2004 specifies that there should be reserve coal stock for 45 days at pit

head Thermal Station and that for 60 days in non-pit head stations to

generate at target availability and the beneficiaries availing such thermal

power are paying under" Interest on Working Capital to reimburse suchcost.

Against such stipulation in CERC Tariff Regulation, the Details of

Critical / Super Critical Thermal Power Stations in the country as on

21.08.2005 are stated below to take stock of the alarming ground view of

the situation of reserve stock of coal for Thermal Power generation:


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A. Super Critical Stations (Stock less than 4 days)

Region Utility TPS Capacity(in MW)

Stock(In Days)

Northern PSEBNTPC

Panipat 1360Rihand 1500

3.00.0(As peravailability)

Southern APGENCO Ramgundam B 63 2.0

Eastern DVCNTPC

NTPC

Durgapur 350FSTPS 1600

TSTPS 3000

1.01.0

3.0

Sub-Total /Average (6 Stations) 7873 1.7


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Stock

(In days)

NTPC Vindyachal 2260 5

MSEB Parli 690 4

Ramgundam 2600 5

Simhadri 1000 6

JSEB Patratu 770 6

WBPDCL Kolaghat 1260 6

NTPC Talcher 460

(dedicated to Orissa)

4

Region Utility TPS Capacity

(in MW)

Northern NTPC Singrauli 2000

Sub-Total /Average (6 Stations) 10140 5.0Total A+B / Average 18013 3.6

4

Western

Southern

Eastern

NTPC

B. Critical Stations (Stock between 4 to 6 days)


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Target for coal production during FY 2006-07 has been estimated at 405MT whereas the demand would be about 460.50 MT resulting in a gapof 55.50 MT.

Indian having a proven coal reserve of 246 billion tones the thirdlargest in the world has no option than to go for imports.

The prescription to ease the demand-supply imbalance is coal is :

Formation of interministerial energy Coordination Committee tomonitor linkages based on capacity addition of Thermal Units.

Allocation of Captive Mines to Power Companies develop pit-headstations.

Power Plants facing shortage of coal to go for imported coal. Government of India, Ministry of Power should immediately finalize and

embark on setting up Thermal Power Plants along the coast of the states

like Gujrat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra, Karnatak etc.

T h l D l t


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Technology DevelopmentTThermal- At the time of independence, the boilers were stoke-fired and the highest capacity of the unit was 30 MW.

- 1950 1965 --- Highest Unit was 50 MW

- 1965 1980 --- Unit size was 100-110-120-140 MW

- 1980 1990 --- Unit size was 200-210 MW

- 1990 2000 --- Unit size was 500 MW

- 2000 2005 --- Unit size 660 MW

- 2005 Onwards Unit size 800 MW 1000 MW*

CEA suggested to install 800-1000 MW units in Pit head plant of Talcher Valley areasof Orissa namely Badabandha and Gajamara.

Power Equipment Manufacturing Major Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd. (BHEL) is nowgeared to take up 800 MW supercritical thermal sets in collaboration with ALSTOM as per thestatement issued by Sri A.K. Puri, CMD, BHEL on 26.08.2005.

-


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Coal quality improvement through Coal benefication such as washing of coaland blending of high and low ash coal to improve the conversionefficiency which is a function of both turbine and boiler efficiency.

- Coal based clean technologies including super critical pulverized fueltechnology, fludised bed combustion and Integrated GasificationCombined Cycle (IGCC).

- IGCC system is one of the clean technologies in which coal is convertedinto gaseous fuel. It is the most state-of-the-art technology for generationof power in 21st century. Technology is available with SASOL of SA and

PETRONET of Malayasia. In India, it is in R&D stage-proposal for pilotproject of 100 MW at DADRI.

E i ti G ti C it 31 03 2005


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Existing Generation Capacity as on 31.03.2005

EXISTING GENERATION CAPACITY OF ORISSA AS ON 31.03.2005

Sl. No. NAME OF POWER STATION INSTALLED CAPACITY IN MW FIRM POWER IN MW

1 O.H.P.C

HIRAKUD POWER STATION

(a) BURLA

(b) CHIPLIMA

2X24 = 48X37.5 = 112.5 331.52X49.5 = 99*3X24 = 72

134

BALIMELA POWER HOUSE 6X60 = 360 135

RENGALI POWER HOUSE 5X50 = 250 85.7

UPPER KOLAB POWER HOUSE 4X80 = 320 95

INDRAVATI POWER HOUSE 4X150 = 600 225

MACHHKUND POWER HOUSE (Orissa Share 50%) 3x21.25 = 63.75 57.375 40

TOTAL HYDRO (A) 1918.875

2. N.T.P.C. (TAKEN OVER)

TTPS STAGE-I 4X60 = 240** 151

TTPS STAGE-II 2X110 = 220 138

TOTAL TTPS 460

3. O.P.G.C.

IB TPS 2X210 = 420 300

TOTAL THERMAL (B) 880

(*) 37.5 MW UNIT-I&II UPRATED TO 49.5 MW(**) 62.5 MW UNIT DERATED TO 60 MW.


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CENTRAL SECTOR GENERATION

SL.NO. NAME OF POWERSTATION

INSTALLEDCAPACITY IN MW

ORISSA SHARE OFINSTALLEDCAPACITY ALLOTTED

TO GRIDCO

FIRM POWERIN MW (AT80%AVAILABILITY& 11% AUXCONS.)

SHAREIN %

SHAREIN MW

1. CHUKHA (BHUTAN) 4X84 = 336I.A. = 270

15.23 41.00* 30*

2. RANGIT (SIKKIM) 3X20 = 60 NIL NIL

3 KURICHU (BHUTAN) 4X15 = 60 NIL NIL

4. FARAKKA (WB) 3X200 = 6002X500 = 1000

15.37 246 167

5. KAHALGAON (BIHAR) 4X210 = 840 11.43 96 56

6. TSTPP, KANIHASTAGE-I (ORISSA)

2X500 = 1000 31.9 319 226

TOTAL (C) = 702.00

GRAND TOTAL : (A)+(B)+(C) = 3960.875 MW


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GRIDCO HAS GOT A SHARE OF 15.23% OF ACTUAL RECEIPT OF BIRAPARA(INDIA), WHICH WORKS OUT TO BE 30.00 MW AVERAGE ON DAILY BASIS. () Implemented w.e.f. 01.10.2004 Orissa is experiencing about 2100 MW during EPK hours, 1700 MW duringMPK hours and 1500 MW on a daily average (24 hrs) basis and has been exporting

about 400 MW through trading to WR & NR.

NEW CAPACITY PROPOSED IN ORISSA

The Govt. of Orissa has received investment proposals worth of about Rs.68,000 Crs. In Power Sector

as detailed below :

a) Thermal Power Station of 12000 MW capacity 48,000 Cr.at HIRMA by Reliance Energy Ltd. (REL)

b) Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) and Coal 8,000 Cr.India Ltd. (CIL) Ib Valley for 2000 MW

c) RPG Group at Ib Valley for 2000 MW 8,000 Cr.

d) GMR Energy Ltd. for 1000 MW 4,000 Cr.

Total : 68,000 Cr.

Besides the above, all the Steel and Alumina Plants which have entered into MoU with Govt. of Orissa are

coming with Captive Generating Plants (CGP) which will be about 2000 MW at an expenditure of another

Rs.8000 Cr.

Govt of Orissas New Draft Policy on Thermal Projects


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Govt. ofOrissa s New Draft Policy on Thermal Projects. Govt. of Orissa have been drawing the attention of Govt. of India, MoP forallocation of 12% Free Power to Orissa State from Thermal Projects of NTPC located inOrissa and other IPPs as a compensatory measure. The Govt. of India refused to acceptsuch proposal of Govt. of Orissa. The State Govt. has now prepared a draft policy for Thermal Power Projects.The salient features of the draft policy are :

To collect Rs.4 cr. Per annum per 100 MW installed capacity towards contribution tothe proposed Environment Management Fund meant for addressing environmentaldegradation.

To make available the generation excess 80% of PLF at variable cost (now about 60P/Kwh) plus incentive as fixed by CERC.

T To approach to MoP to issue a policy directive to allocate 5% power from all PowerCPSU and IPPs at variable cost plus incentives. The IPPs have been opposing the State Governments demand for collectionof Rs.4 Cr. Per annum for 100 MW installed capacity on the ground that it is too

steep and the cost of power will go up at least by 6 P/Kwh if accepted. Theycautioned that unless level playing field is provided to investors in Power Sectorprivate investors will not venture into the State.

GAS


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GAS

Natural Gas is the best gas from environmental angle and hence it is being increasingly usedin Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power stations in view of the very high efficiencieswith advanced technology gas turbines. Natural Gas, owing to its non-polluting nature andease of use is to have a greater share in the primary mix for power generation.

Limited gas resources of 660 billion cubic meters is available in our country. ONGC & Oil IndiaLtd. (OIL) have made some significant hydro-carbon discoveries. Reliance has also claimeddiscoveries of abundant gas in Mahanadi basin.

Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) distributes almost all the gas produced in India. It hasabout 4000 KM of gas Pipeline including 2300 KM HBJ Pipeline. GAIL has been assigned byGOI to construct National pipeline grid of 7900 KM which is excepted to be completed by2008.

There is also possibility of import of natural gas from neighbouring countries namelyBangaladesh, Myanmar, Iran etc.

There are also plans for import of natural gas in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

from other Countries by shipment and LNG based CCGT plants are best suited for costalareas.

TThe largest gas based Power Stations planned are:- DADRI (UP)- 3750 MW by Reliance Energy Ltd. (REL) Ratnagiri Gas & Power Private Ltd. (Maharastra, formerly DPC)-2184 MW (a joint

Venture of GAIL & NTPC)


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NNon-Conventional Sources of Energy (NCSE)

National Electricity Policy (NEP) issued by Ministry of Power (MOP) on 12th Feb,2005 pursuant to Electricity Act, 2003 states on Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

(NCSE) as per the following:- NCSE being the most environment friendly there is an urgent need topromote generation of electricity based on such sources of energy. For this purpose,efforts must be made to reduce the capital cost of the project so as to reduce the costof generation. Electricity Act, 2003 provided that cogeneration and generation ofelectricity from non-conventional sources would be promoted by State ElectricityRegulatory Commissions (SERCs) by providing suitable measures for connectivity withgrid and sale of electricity for certain percentage from non-conventional sources to bemade mandatory. OERC recently in its Special Order has specified that 200 MU in FY2006-07 should be purchased from such non-conventional energy sources.


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Industries in which both process heat and electricity are needed are well suitedfor cogeneration of electricity. A significant potential for cogeneration exists inthis country for Sugar Industry. SERC should arrange sale and purchase of suchcogeneration power between the co-generator and distribution licensees in theoverall interest of energy efficiency and grid stability.

Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) Govt. of India haspublished the potential of Renewable Energy Sources, achievements, majorsolar applications in India as well as other highlights which are mentioned at X,Y & Z.


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MINISTRY OF NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES (MNES)

GOVT. OF INDIA

RENEWABLE ENERGY POWERS THE NATION AHEADv Apex Nodal Agency - IREDA

v State Nodal Agency - OREDA

Potential Achievements As on31.03.2005

Wind 45,000 MW 3595 MW

Small Hydro(upto 25 MW)

15,000 MW 1706 MW

Biomass power / Co-

generation

19,500 MW 749 MW

Biomass Gasifiers 66.35 MW

Solar PV 20 MW/sq KM. 2.64MW

Waste to Energya). Municipal solid Wasteb). Industrial Waste

1000 MW700 MW

17 MW28 MW

Solar Water Heating 1,400 lakh sq.m. 6 Lakhs sq.m.

Source


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Y. MAJOR SOLAR APPLICATIONS IN INDIA

Solar Lanterns 560,295 nos.

Home Lighting Systems 342,607 nos.

Street Lighting Systems 54,795 nos.

Solar Pumps 6818 nos.

Stand-alone Power Plants 1.50 MW

Grid Connected Power Plant 2 MW


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10% share of new capacity addition of 10,000 MW, to come from renewables by 2012.

18,000 remote villages to be electrified by 2009.

Over 6119 MW of power generating capacity from renewables has been set up, which is

contributing about 5.2% of the total generating capacity in the country.

8.8. billion units of electricity generated from wind power projects.

Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) and Wind Turbine Test Station are fully

operational.

750 KW and 1000 KW unit size Wind Turbine introduced for the first time in the country.A 40 KW solar power plant inaugurated at Nyoma, Ladakh.

30 MW Capacity SPV products exported to various developed and developing countries.

More than 40 different applications of solar photovoltaic systems for rural, remote areas

and other applications developed.

More than 45000 solar photovoltaic pumps are in use for agriculture and related uses.

2 MW grid connected SPV power projects are in operation in the country.

HIGHTLIGHTS


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Over 4000 potential sites for small hydro power projects have been identifiedwith 10,000 MW capacity.

A 5.25 MW small hydro project was commissioned at Kalpong in Andaman &Nicober Island.

Small hydro power project of 2000 MW capacity addition proposed to becommissioned by 2012.

440 MW power project including 156 MW biomass power and 284 MW bagasse-based cogeneration projects under installation.

A project for generation of 5 MW power from municipal solid waste has been

installed Lucknow City. A project for 5 Tones of tannery waste and generation of biogas and 62 KW electricity installed at Melvisharam in Tamil Nadu, which is also first of

this kind in the country. A project for generation of 6 MW power from municipal waste of both

Bhubaneswar and Cuttack Municipal Corporation is under implementationutilising municipal waste of BMC & CMC of 900MT/day.

Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute for Renewable Energy has beenestablished near Jalandhar in Punjab.


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Indian power Sector today follows Build, Own & Operate (BOO) Model in thetransmission system and maintains about- 32,000 Circuit Km. (CKM) of 400 KV line- 78,000 CKM of 220 KV line,- 1,35,000 CKM of 132 KV line.

Electricity being a concurrent subject, Transmission lines constructed in CentralSector are being maintained by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (PGCIL) which is

also known as Central Transmission Utility (CTU). Similarly Transmission lines in

State Sector are maintained by SEBs where not unbundled and by State Transmission

Utilities (STUs) where unbundled.

Accordingly, PGCIL the CTU maintains the Transmission lines as under to carryabout 40% power generated in the Country.

- 41,750 CKM of 400 KV line

- 6,000 CKM of 220 & 132 KV line

- 1600 CKM of 500 KV, 1500 MW HVDC Bipolar line for evacuation ofpower

from Singrauli and Rihand Complex to New Delhi.

- 1400 CKM of 500 KV, 2000 MW HVDC Bipolar line for evacuation of2000


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MW power from TSTPS Stage-II at Kaniha, Orissa to Kolar inKarnatak.

Power Grid also maintains HVDC Station b-to-b inasynchronous mode for transfer of ER power to SR at

Gazuwaka and ER power to NR at Sasaramand vice versa, atRamgundaam for transfer of WR power to SR and vice versa,at Vindyachal for transfer of WR power to NR and vice versa.


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Pursuant to Electricity Act, 2003, Govt. of Orissa, Deptt. of Energy vide

Notification dated 09.06.2005 created, a new Corporation out of GRiDCO

named as Orissa Power Transmission Corporation Ltd. (OPTCL) was created

with retrospective effect from 01.04.2005 and OPTCL the STU also follows

BOO model for State Transmission and maintains about

o 460.50 CKM of 400 KV line

o 3858.50 CKM of 220 KV line

o 4999 CKM of 132 KV line

o 48 CKM of 66 KV line.

Aand 80 nos. of Grid Sub-stations for bulk transmission and wheeling of

power.

Fixed Series Compensation (FSC) /


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p ( )

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) on 400 KV lines.

AApplication of FSC/TCSC is being done in many important corridor of Power

Grids transmission system. This enhances the power carrying capacity of lines by up to 50%

depending upon the degree of compensation.

The following series compensation has been installed or is being installed.

FSC + TCSC for enhancement of capacity of RourkelaRaipur 400 KVDC inter-regional ER-WR link.

FSC + TCSC for enhancement of capacity of KanpurBallabgarh 400 KVline.

FSC for enhancement of capacity of 400 KV Panki-Muradnagar,Nagerjunsagar-Cuddapah and Gooty-Bangalore transmission system.

Many more TCSC and FSC are being envisaged on the planned TransmissionCorridors of PGCIL.


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Up gradationof Lower Voltage lines to Higher Voltage lines.- In an effort to utilize the available Right-of-Way (RoW) and to enhance the

power transfer capacity of the line, PGCIL has successfully implemented upgrading of220 KV DC line in J&K to 400 KV SC line for the first time in India resulting in powertransfer capacity by 1.8 times with a marginal increase in RoW from 35 meters to 37meters but for less than standard 400 KV line (46 Mtrs.)

Technology adoption for new Transmission System.The following technological options are being considered.

H Capacity 400 KV Mulit-Conductor / 765 KV AC system.

Quadruple conductors per phase have been adopted in stead of twin to enhance the powertransfer capacity of the line without additional RoW requirement. Towards this end 1270 CKM of 400KV Quad line is being implemented under Tala Transmission System (a JV of PGCIL and Tata Power)which will be commissioned by 2006. Further about 2900 CKM 400 KV Quad lines are beingimplemented under the Sipat Transmission system, Kahalgaon Phase-II transmission system,Kundankulam Transmission System etc. and will be commissioned progressively by 2007.

Keeping in view bulk power transfer requirements, 765 KV as the next higher voltage levelhas also been adopted. Two circuits of Kishenpur-Moga 765 KV line (charged at 400 KV) are alreadyoperational. Tehri-Meerut 765 KV line (180 Kms.) will also be charged at 400 KV by end of the year.The Transmission linje being constructed between Sipat and Seoni (336 Kms) in WR will be Indias firstline to be operated at 765 KV and is likely to be commissioned by 2007.


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High Capacity HVDC System.PGCIL has commissioned 500 KV 2000 MW HVDC bipolar Talcher- Kolar line. 500 KV, 2500 MW Balia-Bhiwadi HVDC line for transfer of bulk power fromBarh (1960 MW) NTPC Project in Bihar to beneficiaries in NR has been plannedand is expected to be commissioned by 2008-09. For power evacuation fromNE Region to Central India, a high capacity HVDC system has been envisaged.

A.C SYSTEM VOLTAGE- PARAMETERS(As per amendment no. 1 to IS : 12360/ 1998

Preferred A.CSystem

Nominal Voltage Highest SystemVoltage

Lowest SystemVoltage

Remarks

Three Phase 400 V 440 V 360 V LTDistribution

Single Phase 230 V 253 V 207 V

Three Phase 11 kV 12 kV 10 kV Sub-transmission

Three Phase 33 kV 36 kV 30 kV

Three Phase

66 kV 72.5 kV 60 kV

Transmission132 kV 145 kV 120 kV

220 kV 245 kV 200 kV

400 kV 420 kV 380 kV

765 kV 800 kV 730 kV


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Transmission Planning Criteria(for different Voltage, conductor configuration & SIL)

Voltage

(in kV)

No & Size of

Conductor

Surge Impedance

Loading (SIL) (MW)

765 4X686 s.q.mm 2250

765 (operated at 400kV)

4X686 s.q.mm 614

400 2X520 s.q.mm 614

400 (operated at 220kV)

2X520 s.q.mm 155

400 4X420 s.q.mm 614

400 3X420 s.q.mm 560

220 420 s.q.mm 132

132 200 s.q.mm 50


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OPEN ACCESS AAs per Electricity Act, 2003, open access in transmission is applicable from the dateof enactment of the Act i.e. 10.06.2003. CERC has introduced CERC (Open Access in Inter State Transmission) Regulation

2004 vide notification dated 30.01.2004 as per the following:- For Long Term Open Access (LTOA) Customers w.e.f. 6th Feb, 2004(Intended period25 years and more) For Short Term Open Access (STOA) Customers w.e.f. 6th May, 2004 (Intendedperiod 1 year and less).

Open Access is inter-state transmission has already resulted in improved capacityutilization. Almost about 12 billion units were traded during FY 2004-05 whichconstitutes about 2-2.2% of the total generation.Electricity Act, 2003 provides for Open Access in intra-state transmission and distribution

for all consumers having connected load of 1 MW and more within 5 years on paymentof surcharge.Forum of Indian Regulators (FOIR) have recommended Avoided Cost Method forcomputation of Cross-Subsidy surcharges.National Draft Tariff Policy has recommended Avoided Cost Method and has given thefollowing illustrative example:-


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Tariff payable by relevant Category ofconsumer

400 p/kwh

Wt. Average rate of power purchase

from top 5 power suppliers

300 p/kwh

Applicable System Loss (Say) 6%

Applicable Distribution / WheelingCharge (Say)

30 p/ kwh

Cross subsidiary Surchage= 400-[(300/0.94) + 30 ]= 400- (319+30)

51 p/kwh

10 states have issued final Regulations on Intra-State transmission and Distribution

Open Access. They are Uttaranchal, HP, Orissa, Jharkhand, WB, Maharastra, Haryana, AP,MP, &UP. 7 States have issued Draft Regulations They are: TN, Gujrat, Delhi, Kerala, Punjab, Assam &Chhatisgarh.

OERC implemented the Intra-State Open Access for connected load more than 5 MWw.e.f 1st Aug, 2005.


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B.(3) DISTRIBUTION Indian Power Sector as on 31.03.2004 maintains about 3,76,613 CKM HVLines 58,07,076 CKM L.T Lines out of which Orissa Power Sector Maintains

about: 9,905 CKM HV lines Distribution is the most critical segment of the electricity business chain.The real challenge of reforms in the power sector lies in efficient management of

Distribution sector. NEP envisages the following measures/ actions to meet the

objectives.

Objectives: To safeguard the interest of consumers - Promotion of efficiency in distribution system cutting down the outage timeand reduction in T&D loss and AT&C loss which is hovering around 40%/44%.

-Recovery of cost of services provided to consumers to make power sectorsustainable at reasonable and affordable prices.

-Augmentation and up gradation of Distribution network.


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-Metering of all consumers within a period of 2 years i.e. by June2005.

-Promotion of High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) (LT less)

in stages to reduce T&D loss.-SCADA and data management systems shall be implemented in a

time bound manner.


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B.(4) POWER TRADING

Product when traded becomes a commodity. Power being a commodity should obeythe laws of market under perfect market conditions, which stipulate:-

There shall be buyers and sellers Both buyers and sellers can enter and exit the market at any time Meets the market demand Follows the market supply chain viz

Manufacturers-Wholesalers-Distributors-Retailers

(Conventional market supply chain)

But buy and sale transactions of electrical power take place on real time basis,the market supply chain in Power Trading follows a slightly different model as

stated below.

Manufacturers------Wholesalers-------Distributors

(Generators) (Bulk suppliers) (Retail Suppliers)


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FY T R

N t P fit ( )


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FY Turn over(in MU)

Revenue(in Cr.)

Net Profit (+)Loss (-)

2000-01 N.A 11.39 (-) 10.21 lakhs

2001-02 1617 364.00 7.34 Cr.

2002-03 4178 927.00 19.53 Cr.

2003-04 11250 2195.00 32.00 Cr.

2004-05 8887 2032.00 24.00 Cr.

Pursuant to the provisions of Electricity Act, 2003 and Open Access Regulation in intra-state ofOpen Access, GRIDCO successfully traded the surplus power as state hereunder:-

FY Energy Traded(in MU)

Revenue Earned(in Cr.)

2003-04 2639.76 568.09

2004-05 4527.00 1094.31

2005-06

(upto 23rd

Aug, 05)

756.88 213.15

As UI is also known as Auto Power Trading or deemed Trading, GRIDCO has deem traded as under:-

FY Energy deem Traded(in MU)

Revenue Earned(in Cr.)

2003-04 645 165.70

2004-05 574 57.69

C ENERGY CONSERVATION


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C. ENERGY CONSERVATION.

Energy Conservation and Demand Side Management (DSM) are accorded high

priority to minimize the overall requirement of Energy as growth in power demand

has all throughout exceeded the generation capacity in the Country.

EEnergy Conservation Potential.National Development Council Committee (NDCC) on power has assessed the potential

for energy conservation in various sectors of economy as under :-

SECTOR CONSERVATION POTENTIAL(In %)

Industrial 25

Agricultural 30

Domestic & Commercial 20

Transport 20

Economy as a whole 23

National Electricity Plan (NEP) prepared by CEA has estimated saving potential during

Xth plan of about 5000 MW and in XIth Plan of about 4000 MW respectively.


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Energy Conservation Act, 2001

Government had recognized the potential of energy conservation which

would mitigate the gap between demand and supply as well as reduce

environmental emission. Govt. of India promulgated EnergyConservation Act, 2001 which provides the necessary legal framework

and institutional arrangement for embarking on an energy efficiency

drive.

Under the provisions of the Act, Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) hasalready been established which is now responsible for implementationof policy programs and coordination of implementation of all energy

conservation activities.

BEE has already identified thrust areas and prepared a detailed action

plan which inter-alia covers :


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- Indian Industry Program for EnergyConservation.

-Demand Side Management (DSM)- Energy efficiency in building and

establishments

- Professional certification and accreditation

-Manuals and Codes-Energy Efficiency R&D Program

Govt. of India is giving following incentives to industries and


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v Ministry of Power provides 50% to 80% subsidy to industries

implementing energy conservation measures, getting energy audits

done, energy related pilot / demonstration R&D projects

.v Annual National Energy Conservation Awards are given to

industries in recognition of their special efforts to reduce energy

consumption while maintaining their production.

v Annual incentive awards are given to Thermal Power Plants in the

Country for encouraging them to reduce their Auxiliary Power

Consumption during generation of electricity

.v Annual incentive awards are given to Power Transmission &Distribution Companies for encouraging them to reduce T&D loss.

Energy Conservation and Demand Side Management may yield asaving of 5000 MW and 4000 MW during Xth & XIth plan period which

can be utilized for additional consumption by power-starving Region /

States.

others for encouraging conservation of energy :

CCONCLUSION


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CCONCLUSION

IIndian Power Sector has achieved the 1st Milestone on 10.11.1897when the first hydro electric station of 130 KW was commissioned inDarjeeling. The installed capacity of undivided India was about 1.10

MW (1 MW thermal + 0.10 Hydro). At the time of independence, theinstalled capacity was 1362 MW with annual generation of 5000 MU(5 BU).TThe installed capacity as on 31.3.2005 was 1,18,418 MW withannual generation of 5,87,416 MU (587 BU) during FY 2004-05. Percapita consumption is hardly 1.5 Unit a day against three units in

China and 30-40 Units in Developed Countries. Still India iswitnessing an EPK shortage of 11% and energy shortage of 7%inter-regional transmission capacity of 30000 MW at present.Govt. of India, Ministry of Power therefore, started MISSION 2012 in 2002 to provide Power-on-demand in 2012 whichenvisages :


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-Addition of another one lakh MW in installed capacity.-Matching Transmission and distribution for evacuation and ultimateconsumption of such additional power. Development of NationalGrid withComplete electrification of remaining 62,000 villages by 2009

and 18,000 remote villages by 2012 - Complete electrification of all households. - R&MU of existing old generating plants. - Enabling legislation and installation of Regulatory Mechanism. - Calls for an investment of Rs.9 lakh Crores in Power Sectoralone.

Government of India enacted the Energy ConservationAct, 2001 and energy Conservation measure contemplated in the

Act would save about 9000 MW which would be utilized foradditional consumption. Energy saved is energy generated.


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Govt. of India formulated the landmark Electricity Act,

2003 superceding I.E. Act, 1910, Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948,Electricity Regulatory Commission Act, 1998 and eight State Acts

introducing open access and declaring Trading as a distinct coreactivity. The Electricity Act, 2003 also mandates that the CentralGovernment will prepare the National Electricity Policy (NEP) andNational Tariff Policy (NTP) in consultation with State Government &CEA for development of Power system. The Act also mandatespreparation and notification of National Electricity Plan by CEA once in

every five years in accordance with NEP.

Govt. of India, Ministry of Power already issued NEP on 12th February2005 and CEA has already prepared National Electricity Plan. NationalTariff Policy is in a draft stage which will be finalized by end of Sept.,2005 as per Dy. Chairman, Planning Commission.


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With GDP slated to grow @ 7% per annum, the NationalElectricity Plan prepared by CEA envisages a Peak Demand of1,74,000 MW in the system at the end of Xith Plan (i.e. by April2012) calling for an installed capacity of 2,23,648 MW.Similarly at the end of XIIth Plan (i.e. by April 2017), the

installed capacity required shall be of the order of 2,83,422MW. The installed capacity to be required in 2025 shall be ofthe order of 4,25,000 MW.

Prof. A.P.J.A. Kalam, the Honble President of India inhis speech on the occasion of 59th Independence Day on15.08.2005 calls for Total Energy Independence in power

sector by 2025 installing the required capacity of 4,25,000 MWutilizing our huge coal, hydro, nuclear fissile resources as wellas non-conventional energy sources so as to make India tojoin Super Power League mentioned in BRIC Report preparedby Goldman Sach.


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indian-orissa power sector- presentation

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