indian notes on biogas technology

7/27/2019 Indian Notes on Biogas Technology

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BIOGAS TECHNOLOGYBIOGAS TECHNOLOGYBIOGAS TECHNOLOGYBIOGAS TECHNOLOGY

NOTESNOTESNOTESNOTES

BASICS - RURAL DIGESTERS - HIGH RATE DIGESTERS

Text Book: K.M. Mital, Biogas Systems,

Principles & Applications, 1996, New Age

Intrnl.. N.Delhi.


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Applications of Biogas:1. Cooking fuel- Design of Burner.

2. Lighting Fuel- Mantle lamp.3. After removal of traces of H2S, NH3 and

water vapour, fuel gas can be used for

running stationary I. C. Engines.I. C. Engines are used with pump for watersupply or with generator for power.

4. Purified & filled in CNG cylinders, biogas isa useful automobile fuel for short journeys.


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Purpose of RURAL BIOGAS PLANTS

ENERGY RECOVERY:

FOR COOKING, LIGHTING, PUMPING, ORPOWER- - WITH BURNER, MANTLE LAMP,ENGINE-PUMP AND GENERATOR

HYGIENIC DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTEAS MANURE

SUBSTITUTES FOR FUELWOOD &KEROSENE

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Another text book: Nijaguna, B.T., BiogasTechnology, New Age International publishers(P) Ltd., 2002.


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FEED FOR BIOGAS PLANT: WETBIODEGRADABLE WASTE

DOMESTIC ANIMAL WASTES: Excreta ofcow, pig, chicken etc

MANURE, SLUDGE: Canteen and foodprocessing waste, sewage

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE: After separationof non-degradable


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FEED FOR BIOGAS PLANT: WET

BIODEGRADABLE WASTE (continued)

WASTE STARCH & SUGAR SOLUTIONS:

Fruit processing, brewery, press_mud-from

sugar factory etc

Sludge from activated sludge aerobic wwt

OTHER INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS:

Pulp factory waste liquor,

Leather industry waste.


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WET FERMENTATION:

FEED HAS SUBSTRATE TOTAL SOLID

CONCENTRATION, ( TSC) = 8 TO 9 %FOR COW DUNG, RATIO OF DUNG TO WATER

= 1:1

FOR SUCH A SLURRY, BIOGAS PRODUCEDIS:

IN SUMMER AT 47 C, 0.06 M3 PER KG DUNG

ADDED PER DAY

IN WINTER AT 8 C, 0.03 M3 PER KG DUNG

ADDED PER DAY


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DRY FERMENTATION OR SOLID STATE

FERMENTATION :

FEED SUBSTRATE TOTAL SOLID

CONCENTRATION, ( TSC) OF 20 TO 30 %, A MIXOF COW DUNG AND A WIDE VARIETY OFAGRO-RESIDUES.

FOR CATTLE DUNG AND MANY AGRO-RESIDUES AT INITIAL CONCENTRATIONS OFTSC BETWEEN 16 TO 25 % BIOGASPRODUCTION HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATEDSATISFACTORILY IN SMALL BATCH TYPEAND PLUG FLOW TYPE DIGESTERS.


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STAGES OF MICROBIAL

DECOMPOSITION:

1. HYDROLYSIS OF BIOPOLYMERS

[CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS] TOMONOMERS

2. CONVERSION OF SUGARS, AMINOACIDS, FATTY ACIDS TO HYDROGEN,CO2, AMMONIA AND ACETIC,PROPIONIC AND BUTIRIC ACIDS

3. CONVERSION OF H2, CO

2, ACETIC

ACID TO CH4

AND CO2

MIXTURE


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Questions on BGT

What properties of biogas have to be

improved before it is used as an enginefuel?

Write short notes on (i) Feedstock forbiogas, (ii) Dry and wet fermentation,(iii) Microbial and biochemical aspects.

Discuss the operating parameters forbiogas production by anaerobicdigestion.


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TYPES OF RURAL BIOGAS PLANTS

FIXED DOME: JANATHA,DINABANDHU

FLOATING DRUM: K.V.I.C

COMBINED FEATURES: PRAGATI


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Janatha Digester:Fixed Dome


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Floating drum biogas plant(rural)


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K.V.I.C floating drum plant


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Dinabandhu biogas plant


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Pragati rural biogas plant


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COMBINES FEATURES OF KVIC &

DEENABANDU,DEVELOPED INMAHARASHSTRA

LOWER PART: SEMI-SPHERICAL IN

SHAPE WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM UPPER PART: FLOATING GAS HOLDER

POPULARIZED IN MAHARASHTRA,

UNDARP, PUNE

Pragati rural biogas plant


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Fresh biomass added to

The top of decomposing

Biomass bed becomesacidogenic zone. Effluent

taken from bottom.

Methanogenic zone is inthe middle having high

SRT. Compaction of fresh

biomass gives high wetdensity within a short

period.


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HIGH RATE BIOGAS PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

As part of biological waste treatment, reduces high BOD content to

make it suitable for aerobic biological treatment.

Faster disposal / recycling of waste water with partial recovery of

energy as fuel [biogas]

_______________________________________________________

Reference: Effluent Treatment & Disposal: I Ch. E, U.K.,

Symposium Series No 96, 1986, P 137-147, Application ofanaerobic biotechnology to waste treatment and energy production,

Anderson & Saw.


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TYPES OF HIGH RATE BIOGAS PLANTS

ANAEROBIC CONTACT

ANAEROBIC FILTER:UPFLOW,

DOWNFLOW

UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUG BLANKET

ANAEROBIC FLUIDISED/ EXPANDED BED

ANAEROBIC ROTATING CONTACTOR


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Anaerobic contact digester


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Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Digester


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What criteria is applied in selecting a rural

biogas plant of a small family size? Why is biogas is not supplied in cylinders like

LPG? Can we use same stove for both?

Explain hydraulic and solid retention time fora fixed film biogas digester.

In a flood prone area, what type of smallbiogas plant would you use?

Questions on BGT


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Purification of biogas for storing in CNG

cylinders.

Removal of CO2: Scrubbing with limewater

or ethanol amine solution.

Removal of H2S: Adsorption on a bed of iron

sponge and wood shavings.

Removal of H2O:-

For the removal of moisture, we passed thegas, through the crystals of white silica gel.

indian notes on biogas technology

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