Contents

l . Abelmoschus esculcntus 1

2. Abelmoschus moschatus 4

3 . Ab ies sPectab i l i s 7

21. Abrus precatorius 10

5. Acacia caesia l7

6. Acacia catechu 19

7. Acacia leucoPhloea 23

8. Acacia ni lot ica 26

9. Acac ia Po lvantha J { )

10 . Acac ia s inuata 33

I 1. Acal;-Pha indica 3,6

12. Achvranthcs asPcra 39

13. Acon i tum hetc roPhv l lum 42

14. Acon i tum naPe l lus O

15. Acorus ca lamus 5 l

16 . Ac t in ioPte r i s d icho toma 55

17. AdenantheraPavon ina , 58

lf t . Aegle marmelos 62{

19. Aerva lanata 67

20. Agaricus camPestr is 7l)

2 l . Agera tum convzo ides 74

22. A lang ium sa lv i fo l ium T l

23 . A lb iz ia lebbcck 81

24. Albizia odoratissima 85

25. Al l ium cePa 8tt

26. Al l ium sativum 93

27. Al loPhl ' lus serratus 99

2U. Aloe barbadensis 103

29. Alpina galanga 106

30, Alstonia scholaris 111

3l . Alstonia venenata 115

-12. Alternanthera sessi l is 1f8

fr,

33. Amaranthus sPinosus l2l

34. Ammania baccifera ssp' baccifera 125

35. Amomum subulatum 128

36. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius var' companulatus 132

37. Anacardium occidentale I37

38. AnacYclus PYrethrum 140

39. Anamirta cocculus 143

40. Ananas comosus 16

41. AndrograPhis Paniculata 149

42. Anethum graveolens 153

43. Anisomeles malabarica 757

44. Annona squamosa 160

45. Anogeissus latifolia 163

46. Aphanamixis PolYstachYa 167

47. Aquilaria agallocha l7l

4tl. Arachis hYPogaea 176

49. Areca catechu 180

50. Argemone mexicana 187

51. ArgYreia nervosa 191

52. Aristolochia bracteolata ltX

53. Aristolochia indica 199

54. Artemisia nilagirica m2

55. ArtocarPus communis ZUI

56. ArtocarPus heteroPhYllus 2m

57. ArtocarPus hirsutus 215

58. AsParagus racemosus 218

59. Averrhoa carambola 224

60. Azadirachta indica 227

61. BacoPa monnieri 235

62. BaliosPermum montanum 2q

63. Bambusa arundinacea Zu

64. Barringtonia acutangula 7'50

65. Basella alba var. rubra 253

66. Bauhinia variegata 2#

67. Benincasa hisPida ?51

68. Beta vulgaris ?55

69. Betula utilis 268

70. BioPhYtum sensitivum nl

71. Bixa orellana 274

72. Blumea lacera 27E

IIl 'I

T3.Boerhaavia dif fusa ?Al

7,1. Bombax ceiba 7f9

7-5. Borassus f label l i fer 293

76. Boswell ia serrata 2n

77. Brassica juncea 301

7 l { . Brass ic l o lc racca r a r . cap i ta ta

79. Buchanan ia lanzan 3{B

lJ0. Butea monospcnna 3l, l

8 l . Caesa lp in ia bonduc 120

ti2. Caesalpinia sappan 323

83. Cajanus cajan 3?6

8.1. Calamus rotane 330

85. Call icarpa macrophvl la l l t

86 . Ca lophy l lum inophv l lum 338

tl7. (-alotropis eigantea 341

88. Calvcopteris f lor ibunda -1,{6

tt9. Came l l ia srncnsis 349

90. Canava l ia g lad ia ta 152

91. Cannab is sa t iva 356

92. Canscora decussata 361

93. Canthiurn parvif lorum 366

94. Capparis decidua 36{t

95. Capsicum annuum 375

96. Cardiosperrr lum hal icacabum

97. Careva arborea 380

9tl. Carica papava 3{t3

99. Carissa carandas 386

I00. Carthamus t inctorus 390

Appendix A 394

Appendix B 403

lndex to Sanskrit terms 419

Coll. No. AVS 2426

Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench(Hibiscus esculentus Linn.)Malvaceae : 1+rvie-toq)

EngHin

KanMal

SanTamTel

Lady's finger, Oki'a

Bhird, Bhindi-tori (fi{u-di, Rtu-S-frfr I

Berdekayi, lzSodadu;Venta (elctlerrB)

Bhenda (tu3'r)Ventai (Goraiwcorr-)

Berdakaya (8ods-ch-:)

Distribution : Throughout lndia. cultivated in areas upto 1,200 m

The pfani : An annual erect herb. 0.9 - 2.1 m in height , covered wi th hai r

throughout; leaves simple. alternate, palmately 3--5 lobed. coarselytoothed, scabrous; f lowers large, yellow with a purple centre,staminal tube antheriferous throughout; fruits long. 6 - 8 ribbed,capsular; seeds many, rounded, striate.

Parts used : fruitsProperties and uses: The fruits are sweet, mucilaginous, emollient, cooling,

aphrodisiac, stomachic, haematinic. demulcent, diuretic, constipatingand tonic. They are useful in vit iated conditions of pitta, gonorrhoca,

urethrorrhea, abdominal disorders. anaemia. pruritus, strangury,

diarrhoea and general debil ity.

to-er f\o-srFc+r fWI fiTu-ffi, fr*irrq, rqgEr({TEqiuq: $$FF-{€T6|5FF: tl

+tcfr Tn-ffi qa?srvr{+q, r tn.fr.)["Bhenda bhinqatika bhindo bhirdakah ksetrasambhavahCatuspada6catu gpurlQ.rah susaf a6camt apatrakahKarapa4o vrttabijo OnaveOefaOasahvayah" {Fa.ni.)l

"6rcoiq?t Eai frfuri T5 eTddlqq vAsr+i e"?i {Td{k6{ cq r6rS q-<rr$ qre ffig frfikr{" (Tn.fr.)

us esculentus

oOseeds

)N

liM

&,#A;-ffiq,\t

&\s tamina l tubeand s t igma

[" Karapamaphalaqn rucyar.n picch i lar.n g uru vatal am

VByam 5l egmakaram balyap Suklavrddhikarar.n param

Kase mandanale vate pinasegu vininditam" (SA'ni') l

"frrg1 qg4g1 $wn qrfdGFI uffic* 1 '

(t.fr.)

["Bhenda tvamlarasa sosna grahika rucikarika (Ra'ni)]

'tu-sr da;{sr Awn qla q sfqmc+r t

{rs{rflr{ qQ q rai qqT qn qm rr '

(tr.r.)

["Bhenda tvamlarasa coqna grahi ca rucikaraka

Rajanamani ghante ca dravyam vrsya para smrta (Ni'ra)l

C'oll. l io. AVS 1411

Abelmoschus moschatus Medikus(H ib iscus abe lmoschus L inn . )

Mrr lvrrceac 1i lqiq-ToQ

tE n n

HrnKanMal

Musk mal low. Ambrette seed plantLata kast 0 ri, M a s kd a n a ( o-drs-€TR, q-{sETd-l)

Kadukasturi (rr-i;{q:)Latakastur i , Kattukastur i , Kastur iventa

1 ero-rco,m)ol ;o1, a cA; a,rJrnr ;o1. a,m)or 1 oloorerr+ )Latakasturrka 1oamqft-s-I IVeffrilaikkast0ri, Kattukkast0ri(?ernri';oer+ s6ilatd, sirrti ' +o.'r:glf)Kastlriberdavittu 1:::- :-;: -.::)

SanTamTel

f ) is t r ibut ion : C 'u l t ivatcd throughout IndiaT'he p lant : An e rec l h i rsu lc or h isp id annual herb.60 - 180 cm in height :

lcavcs s inrp le . o f ' r 'ar t ing shapc's . usualh ' palntatc ly 3-7 lobed. lobcsni . r r rou ' -Acute or ohlonq-ovatc. crenate. serrate ct r i r rcqular lytoothcd. hai r l ' on hoth st t r faccsl f lorvcrs largc. 1 'c l lc lw wrth purp le

ccntrc: f ru i ls lu lvous-hai r -v . capsular : secds manv, subrcni form. b lacko r t r cv i sh h rou n . sccn tcd .

Parts used: sccdsProper l ies aud r rses: ' l 'hc sccds arc b i t lcr . sweet . acr id. aromat ic . cool ing.

aphrodis iac. ophthalmic. card iotonic . d igest ivc. s tc lmachic.cr l r rs t ipat ing. carminat ive. pectora l . d iuret ic . s t imulant .arr t ispasmodic. c lcodr t rant . insect ic idal and tonic . They arc usefu l inophthal rnopathv. card iac debi l i ty ' , cough. asthma. bronchi t is .hypcrd ips ia. burn ing sensat ion. v i t ia ted condi t ions of kapha and

1ril lrr, nausca. clyspcpsia. f latulcnt colic. diarrhoe a. strangurv.gonorrhoea. sperml t t i l r rhoea. ca lcul i . ha l i tos is . pectora l d iseases.pt i 'a l ism. vomit ing. hvstcr ia and other neural d isorders. prur i tus.

leucclderma and seneral dcbi l i tv .

'Ear+qF.6T drnn itust m-a$el t

g'r+r']rsr slr$ q 't=-tTdijfr s FTdr lt (8.)

f Latakasturika prokta bhenda kasturipurvakaSuganclhabhenc]A bhendi ca gandhapurvalpi ca smrtA (Sva.)l

oafr+mq dirj tffit e gEoTC. t

rl

Abelmoschus moschatus

Etqi qqi qq osataEt q'dl tl

qfdd{ltt aa e"nqrftqq1rq t

dmqo€{ iaq vairwrwr+q rt (R.)

f 'Kat

utiktarasam bijam 5itaviryar.n ca bfinhanam

Dipanam pacanam vfgyar.n kaphavataharam sm!'tam

Smrtibhransahara6 h@yam trsnavantisramapahamKosJhasr-rlaharap caitat jat haramayanasanam' (Sva.)l

onrd'F{as-l rilfil Tqrdl 9qI rfl{I d3, rq$qr ffi ll" (qls.)

['Latakast0rika tikta svadvi vrsya hima laghuh

Caksusya chedani slesmat!'gnavastyasyarogahrt' (Bha. pra.)l

€E-{eI rfi-m og, *gm rt-,qr tffdr d+fr q fre,rn qftnffinrfi rrqRdiri s$ E*n luipt a crfl-\ tordgFi qfu qn *i-;ui q qq qt{ rr

eroeffi mffiT qRi q sfd t" (fr.{.)

f'Latakast[rikA svadury!€ya sita laghuh smrta

Netrya tikta chedani ca tiksna vastivisodhiniVastirogam kapham tfqnam mukharogam ca nasayet

Lalaslavam vamim vAtam daulgandhyam ca madam jayet

Alaksminasani prokta bhaveddese ca dakgine" (Ni.ra')l

'earoqt-+t infir asr {fl-rrwi'r3q r" ({r.s.)

f'Latakasturika tikta hfdya sitasyaroganut" (Ra.va')l

"eils{$sT iur og EfMrrq t

eaffiqft-+T tilffr r+fi gql l6qt og, 11qtrqr ffi r" (d.t+.)ILatakastIrika iieya katu daksinade5ajaLatakasturika tiktA svadvi vrsya hima laghuh

Cakgugya chedani slesmatrsnavastyasyarogajit ' (Kai.ni.)l

n-r+{r {fr-m ogwur t" (q.cr.fr.)['Latakasturika tadvannetrya sita laghustatha' (Ma.pa.ni.)]

Coll. No. B.S.l. (N.C.)46274

Abies spectabilis (D.Don) Mirh.(=A.webbiana Lindl.)

Pinaceae (t{ffi5d{)

E;.j H in

Kan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

East Himalayan si lver f i r

Talispatra, Talispatri (dl&gqt, moffil

Talisapatri (eaexdg

Talisapatram (oceJlffD.rLo.)

Talisam, Talisapatram (drd{i, ildiqr=i)

Talisapatri (gn e$e ud-,rf )Talisapatri (o- );r:rla )

Distribution : Upper Himalayan tractsThe p lant : A verv ta l l evcrgreen t rec at ta in ing a height of 60 m rv i th

strong horizontally spreading branches. young shoots covered with -short brown hair; leaves simple, densely covering the twigs spreadingin all directions, but more or less distichous when the twigs areviewcd I ' rom bclow, cach lcaf 1. -5-2.3 cm long; thc cones are b lu ish incolour, seeds winged.

Parts used : leavesProperties and uses : The leaves are bitter, sweet, acrid, thermogenic,

aromat ic , anodyne. expectorant . d igest ive. carminat ive, s tomachic,antispasmodic, diurctic. febrifuge and tonic. They are useful inv i t ia ted condi t ions of kupha and vata. cough. asthma. hronchi t is .dyspepsia, f latulence. colic. diarrhoea, cpilepsy, phthisis, vomiting,ureterit is. strangury, hoarseness, hiccough. fever and emaciation.

ilifr{i q.rqEi q {+lsr( |

ftEi drr6+1+i qqti, quftm-qfr r (q.q.)

fTalisapatram talisam kasaghnam ca SukodaramProktam tamalakipatram paryayaih papamafrjari " (A.ma.)l

arfui qflsi q {-+tct rrrEh.i qrdAq o0q=i q{6-q rr

fu ctorqt ddirr=i irorflq{ |

ilffift rr'(r. fr.)f'Talisapatram talisam patrakhyam ca sukodaram

Abies spectabil is

branch with female cones

Dhatripatram carkabedham karlpatram ghan acchadamNilam nilambaram talam talipatram talahvayamTalisapatrakasyeti namanyahustrayodasa" (Ra.ni.)l

"crdri eg dlq{iwi Er€qnqsr|+or{ |

@ 1 " ( q r . c . )["Talisam laghu tiksnosnam svasakasakaphanilanNihantyarucigulmamavahnimandyaksayamayan " (Bha. pra)l

"nrd+i qm+teEi qlq-{ {-Aiqfrf,|s-( |gqil'rd{ E-a gq-d c-inqa\ rr (q.fr.)

["Talisam svasakasaghnam dipanam sleEmapittajitM u kharogaharam hrdyam su patram patrasamvrtar.n " (Dha. ni.)l

"drotsq=i ftrftirwi egi ow<pqq IqrsFem-nrqqrqqftEffiqrflT-( r r" ({r.fr . )["Talispatram tiktosnam madhuram kaphavatanutKasahikkaksayasvasacchardidosavinasakrt" (Ra. ni.)l

"drds+i cg{ lil+d =ir*i og qal r

frq"r Hd q Ed{s eTmfuml ril( rrqre +,rs +,s srd qrq5ecrsfoRert r

crd-4ri qrFffi{q|€-mq rrVrt( rr

5uim a fri q rrvrtkh +iffi-d\ r" (fr.{.)

["Talisapatram madhuram tiktam cosnam laghu smrtaml]kEnafn svaryam ca hrdyafrca agnidiptikaram matamSvasam kasar.n kapham vatam ksayagulmarucistathaRaktadosam vamimcamamagnimandyanca nasayetMukharogam ca pittam ca nasayediti kirt itam (Ni.ra.)l

Remarks: Very often the tal[sapatra bought from the market contains in additionto the leaves a lot of twigs as well as leaves of Taxus baccata. lt is reportedthat in Maharashtra. Gujarat and Rajasthan leaves of T. baccata are in use astallsapatra.

Coll. No. AVS 1773

Abrus precatorius Linn.

Fabace ae ( 3{TtttsdT-toq)

Jequir i ty, Indian l iquorice' Wild l iquorice

Gurugunji (rudruoa)

tEno

I Kan

I Hin

I Mat

I San

I ram

I ':l

Gufrci, Ratti, Gufrcaci (T.**, {R, 1{drd)Kunni 1a1crrr1;Gunja (lqqr)

: Kuntumani(1q$5m6raf): Guruginla ();:;i ';*)

Distribution: Throughout India. on hcdges and bushes in e xposcd arcas

it e pl"rrt, A decidulus. wiry climber with tough branches; leaves.abruptly

pinnate with many paiis of leaflets. the rachis ending in a spine: the

ieaflets oblong, rounclecl at both encls. thinly mcmbranous: f lowers

p ink . c l us te redon tubc rc lesa r rangeda long the rac l - r i s t f t l nc -s idcdpedunculate raceme; fruits pods. turgid with a sharp deflexed beak:

seeds usually scarlet with a black spot or sometimes pure white'

Parts used: roots. lcaves- sceds

Properties and uses: The roots and leaves are astrlngent' sweet'

emetic,diuretic and alexeteric' They are useful in cough'

pharyngotlynia, pectoralgia. inflammation' strangurv and in vit iated

conditions of vuta.

The seeds are acr id. b i t tcr ' ast r ingent ' purgat ive ' tox ic '

abortifacient, aphrodisiac and trichogenous' They are useful in

vit iared conclit ions of pina and vitu' ophthalmopathy' leucoderma'

skin diseases, wounds. alopecia' asthma' tubercular glands'

stomatit is, hyperdipsia and fever'

"1qqedrgeg{r1@*ft1fu+tt

dli Twnoq 6s qr+i sdTtrs ll" (ftrffis')

["Gufriavalli tu madhura cincapatri sa simbika

Bijatn krsnarur.ram tasya iayate sarvabh u m i9u " (Sivad asah)l

"Twrfl'drFql Sqor rk+r oroqk+t t

TsrcFr' rffi M Twrdl o-n ll

1 0

tPtate 1 lAbrus precatorius

; i { : ! . . :

r ' r . .? :, ;

f lowet

Il 5 mmr l

r ll s m m

s - l

petals

ffie . - ,. : ?

i t , ;r .- lr'

r. ' .*. '". '"

,\

i#r.; ! :

?aB,e'

trfrq dc+rraittfr 5{qr +r*rt-o-+r iql-flEfr q-mftrrd {m'{rerT t+,ftf-fl rr" (q.fr.)["Krsnakambojikd gunja raktika kakanandikaCudamanih SitapAki sikhandi krsnala lataDvitiya svetakamboji durmukha kakapilukaKakadani kakabhindi vakrasalya kirit ika" (Ma.ni.)l

lorw qsr+ftr, +q |{|qo-6 Frurarcql IdrDmr yffi srs=Ta gq1fo+r rrt+a q rFnry +s +lqH fi+fuWun r{q[st crqsr s Rfl qrg$Eqqr tlkfrq da-+pir$ +dgqil FrfiFaor rq.r+.refr Ersr(qqr lt (rt. fr.)

["Gunja cudamanih saumya sikhandi krsnalarunaTamrika sitapaki syaduccat a krsnacudi kaRakta ca raktika caiva kamboji bhil l ibhusanaVanyasya manacuda ca vijfreya EodasahvayaDvitiya svetakaiboji svetagunja bhirintikAKakadani kakapTlurvaktrasalya sadahvaya" (RA.ni.)l

rlt-qTrq E zivq eK qnfrtqrm*t r

SqVilqsq'qrq-{wlTc<fu{F6 r r

i{r{q-di qq e-ei +rq*omr€q l

Tft yq<E€rfr r+dr q rr+drjfr s l ('rt.e.)["Gunjadvayam tu kesyar.n syat vatapittajvarapahamM u kha6osabhramasvasatrsnamadavi nasanamNetramayaharam vrsyam balyam kanduvranapahamKrminpral uptakusi han i rakta ca d haval ajpi ca " (Bha. pra.)l

I{ot sen drn ftffidr q}dwn q wlilffm rfrnT{qrz1-qtrs friprqqqrq6r 1s

!{-qrsq g {herNi dd ilk*i RTs.[ r

T[gq1 tqr€-tri q{A +dT cfl-se rr" (q.fr.)

['Gunja rukSa tatha tikta viryosna ca prakirttitaVisavaisamyajantughni rogagrAmabhayapahaGufrjadvayar.n tu sitosnam bijam vantikaram siphaSrl lagh ni visahrtpatram vasye sveta plasasyate " (Dha. n i.)l

€ fuffr *qm +qfur-a r

st|qr {Fddr *'V-qr e;q EqI qoIKI ll

{Tqq-6{r d-{r qhsl {d-6T-( |

ek 1qhrF{,i su-€EGNTft l" (+.fr.)["GunjaJnusna rase tikta kasaya kaphapittahaCaksusya suklala kesya tvacya rucya balapradaIndraluptahara tivra savisa madamohakrl l 3

Hanti raksograhavisam kand[kusthavigaklmin" (Kai.ni.)]

T{-crrq qqtd-4a {€q rilwr s.qrqq.'{ |

Ez'j +gq-.r-s qw c-d qq rr

Hri tui klfr<qtd a"i 5q1a,mmrefu s 6o-q qe +.m q.{ tlqqvidtq qtrt :JE{ qrg as'r can rril6 q-( Trflqf4 fr qrfd+-I Fil{ rr

qo-ffr6r ao wi q frqqRrs'l r

€-d'Jq-qr ffitq srfr-+lqT-q"r r" (ttT.fr.)

["Gunjadvayam svadutiktam balyam cosnam kasayakamTvacyam kesyanca rucyanca sitam vrsyam matam budhaihNetrarogam visam pittamindraluptam vranam krminRaksasagraphapidam ca kandum kustham kapham JvaramMukha6irsarujam vatam bhramam svasam ti'sam tathaMoham madam nasayati bijam vantikaram matamSulanasakaram mulam pa!'nar.n ca visanasakamSvetagufrja visesena va6ikaranakrnmata" (Sa.ni.)l

'1i@ q& F+i q io*va, tt

cilKTfqq dilfr{ qg q}+ *fto-q t

{o dlqrd-fi rjqqr 6-fEt{s-qqq{ il (3{.€.fu. sc)

[ 'Kriyativrlte jathare tridose tu vi6esatahDadyadaprcchya tajnatln patum madyena kalkitamMulam kakadani gunja karavirakasambhavam (A.hr.Ci.1 5.)l

Remarks: In appearance and st ructure. the roots ofboth var iet ies ( red and whi te)arc identical. but in Kerala the ph1'sicians usually prefer the white-seededvarietv.

l 4

Abrus precatorius

Coll. No. AVS 2448

Acacia caesia (Linn.) Willd.(A.intsia Willd.)

Mimosaceae (qqO-Tq. )

Distribution : Throughout India. in dry forestsThe plant: A large climbing prickly shrub with 5-angled stem; leaves

compound, rachis 10 - 20 cm long with a large oblong swollen glandat the base and below 3 - 4 of the uppermost pinnae; leaflets 8-15pairs, glabrous; f lowers white in axil lary and terminal panicles; fruitsthin pods. dark brown with thickened sutures.

Parts used: bark. flowersProperties and uses: The soft beaten bark of the plant has cleansing

properties and protects the skin against microorganisms. The flowersare reported to be used by Santal women to treat menstrualdisorders.

"Fr5qfu+,T 1qfufi sr(nrftr w 5qw+<fi rgeeefr (€.)[Nikunjika kufrjika syat proXta sa kufiiavallariBrhadvalti . " (Sva.)J

Errgl€g

eqr*Vqrte{ff i<gRq..frcrl l '(R.)

t". ........ . tvagasyastu gharsanenangasaukhyadaTvacya Xesya Oenasuddhikantipugtikari parA" (Sva.)l

i *'n]

x"nMal

I san

I TamI tet

Aita, Nikufrcam (tor, FrtqqlAntarike (uoood)lfrca, lfrca (plcoor, gqoor)Nikufrjika fktqFe-fir)lfrcakkai, Sinxxai (ggedsnur, Srirsnur)Nallsandra (JgboF)

t7

q)

J

3Eq)

a

.gooo(,o(to(,

Itt

Coll. No. AVS 2402

I

Acacia catechu (Linn.f.) Willd.Mimosaceae ({Eo-tEt)

Distribution : Eastern slopes of Western Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,Punjab and Himalayas upto an elevation of 1,500 m

The plant: A moderate sized deciduous tree,9-12 m in height with darkgreyish or brown rough bark and hooked short spines, leavesbipinnately compound, leaflets 30 - 50 pairs, main rachis pubescentwith a large conspicuous gland near the middle of the rachis; flowerspale yellow, sessile in peduncled axillary spikes; fruits flat brownpods, shiny and with a triangular beak at the apex and narrowed atthe base; seeds 3-10 per pod.

The gummy extract of the wood is commercially known as'kath'or'cutch'. The cutch available in the market is brittle of differentshapes and dark brown in colour. On breaking, it is found to be shinyand forms crystal-like pieces.

Parts used: bark, heartwood. kathProperties and uses: The bark is useful in melancholia, conjunctivitis and

haemoptysis. The heartwood is bitter, astringent, acrid, cooling,depurative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, antidysenteric, antipyretic,appetiser, haemostatic, haematinic. anti-inflammatory and tonic. It isuseful in vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta, catarrh, cough.pruritus, leprosy, leucoderma, skin diseases, helminthiasis, anorexia,diarrhoea, dysentery, foul ulcers and wounds, haemoptysis,haematemesis, haemorrhages, intermittent fever, inflammations,odontopathy, anaemia, diabetes, splenomegaly and pharyngodynia.

The kath is acrid, bitter, thermogenic, digestive, appetiser,aphrodisiac, vulnerary anthelniintic, depurative and tonic.It is usefulin vitiated conditions of. kapha and vata, laryngopathy, flatulence,

Eng

Hin

Kan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

Cutch treeKhair, Khaira (d{, +n )Kalu 1d*r;Karinnal i (a,o'l6aBcei)

Khadirah (qkr,)

Karunkali (sqgdrsnc0)

Podalimdnu ($6oJr"i!)

IIi

l 9

Acacia catechu

part of leaf

part of fruitshowing seed

20

anorexia, ulcers, wounds, helminthiasis, leucoderma, leprosy, skindiseases, urorrhea, colporrhagia. erysipelas and odontopathy.

€RI rTqzrqq fErfr Hqi qRfErrEFr: {Fczr: r

ted frr.d€, {-+-o--+) rEiRrKQq tlIilq'd e|orirJEir qro, tnaaoo-r+' riq-S{reil 6}qqqr, trd, qqffi' il " (31.q.)

["Khadiro gayatryahvah ksiti ksami dantadhavanah salyahKusthagno homataruh sakantako raktasarascaProcyate Oatapatroljlho balah kuiilakantakahJihmasalyo homavrksah sabdaih paryayavacakaih" (A.ma.)l

"qRt errxfq GrEr, Ti ffi elcr rgfleil es6-rys'utrrrt qdqr+{, rr'n+i koqrq{q +-rE qr{qgen r

tetRdsqnr-s !eq, qK(w{{q, n" ({r. F. )["Khadiro balapatrasca khadyah patri ksiti ksamaSusalyo vakrakanta5ca yajnanrgo dantadhavanahG-yatrl jihmasalyasca kanti saradrumastathaKusJharirbahusara6ca meOhyan saptada6ahvayah (Ra.ni.)l

'sf<, vfla-ait ei<q, +u-q*reroFrgq r

tfia, q,qffr &, TFrtrqravn{ l

@ * q r " ( w . r . )[Khadirah 6itato Oantyah kandukasarucipranutTiktah kasayo medoghnah krmimehajvaravrananSvitra6oph-mapittasrapandukust hakaphan haret" (Bha.pra.)l

'ef<, sqrt ftrd frc, ftnss.rs3q I

5E|qsr€-6T-{rilf,fus}sE{: {ir: il " (s.fr.)["Khadirah syad rase tikto himah pittakaph-sranutKusJ hamakasakandatikrmidosaharah smrtah " (Dha. ni.)l

"{skt Ssaqar1

" (".{.R\7

[Khadirah kusthaghn-nam " (Ca.Su.25.)]

"{r+{Ri raRl+srq " (g.fu. ri)

["Sanairmehinam khadirakaEayam " (Su.Ci.22.)]

21

" oLor6rwo;o<Dl@19Jlgg)

mdqa,l"doLoJ@)oo6nDr

gqor rudru1aeflerGfiD(oo

a,o'legncejlollos rocDo

coarnSrru;" ni{UrDcu}o 6rono

<.oo1gcrnlolo]ronDoo'r (<rl].olc)

["Cavafi umadhuriccul I u karinnSliyute rasamSarvaku g! hapramehanca medassu qn pittavu m kaphamlva varddhikkilanneram samippanumituttamam " (Gu.pa.)l

Remarks: The gummy extract of the wood is known as cutch.

"qrF<, qRt{1e, a-ffitil iq-6, qd, t

tq, qRrqr{q aen iq, qsfqErq: l " (rt.fr.)

[" Khadirah khad irodbhutah tatsaro ranrgadah smrtahJneyah khadirasara5ca tatha ramgah sadahvayah" (Ra.ni.)l

"s€16, €ktgR, ftffiu1, 6tFeftr6( |durdu-dlqqq{q qffiq{, c{, l" ({. F.)

["Katukah khadirasarah tiktosnah kaphavatahrtVranakanthamayaghna6ca rucikrddipanah parah" (Ra.ni.)l

"Frqicwet {gt.agq, qq6ffi1, 1erq ffi ar* gchmwruf*q rr" (q.fr.)["Niryasastasya madhuro balyah 5uklavivarddhananSarastu visado vlarlyo mukharogakaphasrajit." (Ma.vi.)l

Eng

Hin

Kan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

Cutch,Catechu

Kattha (6eTr)

Kalusdra (d9.:xod)

Kattu 1a,c<urd;Khad i rasarah ({g|({gR, )Kacukkat t i (sn*tisrr-g)

Kodiramu (6gib;5:a)

22

Coll. No. 8.S.1. (A.C. )2340

Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd.Mimosaceae ({€o-to{)

EngHin

KanMal

SanTam

White babool,.Distil ler's acaciaSafed babul, SarAb ki kikar (q+'-( qr{o, YRrq td fu+.R)

Bi l i ja l i (EOdaO)

Vel velam, Vel velakam (ooluacolelo, ooludcolela,")Arimedah lerRt<')Velvelam, Pattaiccarayamaram(GoroirGeuoulb, utcor-rienqnuLoqrb )Tellatumma (Egdt J)a)

Distribution: Throushout India. in dry deciduous forestsThe plant A moderate sized tree upto 30 m in height with spreading

branches. crooked and gnarled stems. white spines and paleyel lowish grey to near ly whi te bark wi th pale red ins ide: leavesbipinnate, 2.5-5 cm long, main rachis pubescent with a cup-shapedgland between each pair of pinnae, 5-15 pairs of pinnae of 12-30pairs l inear-oblong. obtuse: f lowers in large terminal tomentosepanicles, heads numerous. globose; fruits sessile, thin, f lat, sl ightlycurved pods, covered with pale brown tomentum; seeds 10 - 20 perpod.

Parts used: barkProperties and uses: The bark is astringent, bitter, thermogenic. styptic.

alexeteric, anthelmintic. vulnerary, demulcent, constipating.expectorant and antipyretic. It is useful in vit iated conditions ofkapha, bronchitis. cough. inflammation. skin diseases, leucoderma,leprosy, pruritus, erysipelas. vomiting. wounds, ulcers, diarrhoea,dysentery, internal and external haemorrhages. dental caries. oralulcers, proctoptosis, stomatit is and. intermittent fevers.

"3f{H rfifti15qffigffiq, Irirrrffi--q{q qslfrKffiR: s-{q-dfr s il " (31.q.)

[ ' Arimedo bhavedvelo mukharogaripurhimahGodhaskandha5ca sarparrstvaksarah katphaleti ca" (A.ma.)l

"vna-+ln-EErq'hTffi-xfr1fti-{+, r3rkHjftqrcrq 6cEAftA-c+, l' ({.fr.)

z-)

Acaci- leucophloea

@wbud

twinflorescence -. ls

llower

24

1" tri meOolrimeda6ca goOhaskandhojrimedakahRnimeOojnimara5ca putimeOoJnimeOaXan" (Ra.ni.)l

"g{fif(, sqrffI gosRrrqrqfu( rE R @ i l ' ( q T . e . )

["Arimedah kasayosno mukhadantagadasrajitHanti kanduvisasl esmakrmikusthavisavranan" (Bha.pra.)l

"3TfrtE, +.qrffi qrEqr{r+, rlMrffr*.rsEil ffiaryq, l' ({r.fr.)["Arimedah kasayosnastikto bhutavi nasakahSopnatisarat<asaghno visavisarpanasanah" (Ra. ni.)l

"s{fri-{s Frqirfr qgrq 6rg!rc: IsrEqft$rTfu gfrFr' riwrka, l " (fr.{.)["Arimedasya niryaso madhurastu balapradahDhatuvrddhikara5caiva munibhih samprabhasitah,, (Ni.ra.)l

'frq' 6E, +.qrMtpt eR *.* yi1,

*.o-{c{ilr6t1 qkgq(drff{fr | |d-fi?i fd-ffcgr fu'droi 6s-crd-f( I " t*. fr. I["Rimah katuh kasayosnastlksno hanti kapham krminKanduraktagrahan vastimukhadantagadanapiTatphalam tiktamadhuram snigdhosnam kaphavitanut" (Kai.ni.)l

"gRH di ccdt t€q<rErqrr€, l " (il.fr.)["lrimedo vrane pathyo mukhadantamayapahah', (So.ni.)]

Remarks : According to some reports. the bark of Acacia fernrglnea DC. is alsoused as arimidah in some parts of India.

25

Col l . No. B.S. l . (A.Z.C.) 9736

Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd.ex Del.ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan(A.arabica auct.non( Lam. ) Willd.)

Mimosaceae (q€o-t6t)

Eng

Hin

Kan

Mal

San

TamTel

Babul, Black babool, Indian gum arabic treeBab't, Babur (qo, qq{)

Karijdli, Baunijali (*O?rDO. r,Flael)

Karivelam (a,o'lcon.)

Barburah, Vavarl 1q$,, qt+fr)

Karuvelam, Karuvel (sqgGorouLb, olqGoLol)Nal latum ma (,:ger.:::;)

Distribution: Throughout India. in deciduous forests, also cultivatedThe plant: A moderate sized tree upto 10 m in height with dark brown or

black longitudinally f issured rough bark and reddish brown heart-

wood. branchlets slender, pubescent when voung: leaves bipinnately

compound, main rachis downy. often with glands, stipular spineshighly variable, often whitish. straight and sharp, pinnae 4 - 9 pairs.

leaflets subsessile, l0 - 2-5 pairs. nearly glabrous; f lowers goldenyellow in globose heads. peduncles axil lary in fascicles of 2 - 6; fruits

stalked. compressed. monil iform pods with constrictions between theseeds: seeds 8-12 per pod.

The 'gum' (gum Arabic) exudes from cuts in the bark in the fprm

of rounded or ovoid ' tears ' . each drop about 1.2-5 cm in s ize. I tscolour varies from pale yellow to black.

Parts used: bark, gumProperties and uses: The bark is astringent, acrid. cooling. styptic.

emol l ient . vu lnerary. anthelmint ic . const ipal ing, depurat ive.aphrodisiac. diuretic. expectorant. alexeteric. emetic and nutrit ive. It

is useful in vit iated conditions of kapha and pitta, haemorrhages.

wounds. u lcers. helminth ias is . asc i tes. chronic dvsenterv. d iarrhoea.leprosy. leucoderma. skin diseases. burning sensation. strangury.cough. bronchitis. leucorrhoea. haemorrhoids. proctoptosis. seminalweakness, pharyngodynia. uterovesical disorders. oral ulcers andodontopathv.

The gum is sweet. astringent. cooling. emollient. expectorant.constipating. l iver tonic. aphrodisiac. haemostatic. antipvretic and

tonic. It is useful in vit iated conditions of vata and pitta. cough,asthma. diarrhoea, dysentery. seminal weakness. haemorrhages.

26

Acacia nilotica ssp. indica

ffi)(TWt\J

bud: \ I l l

2',7

leprosy, pharyngodynia, pneumonosis, haemorrhoids, urinogenitaldischarges. burns, colic, intermittent fevers and general debility.

"a-qo, i*qb.m' s-qfuqone: s+frs: Is qq +fird{ili{F{r qwdRci l " (!rT. c.)

["Bab0lan kinkiratah syat kihkaratah sapitakahSa eva kathitastajfrair-bha satpadamodini" (Bha.pra.)l

e$t gq-dR{Fs +-aLodeq+-u-ers ri,5rt, fq.ffiwga frf6'u-g, r6-(FR[.6: tluc*e' qruqrq) iq{ifd <tlr({q: r ({r.fr.)

["Barburo yugal aksasca kantalustiksnakantakahGos.rnrgaf' pan t<ti Oila6ca dirghakant ah kaphantakahDrdhabijah svasabhakgyo ineyasceti dasahvayah (Ra.ni.)l

q5: 6s-J(qra 5€-ffuEqqE, | (r{r.e.)

["Babulan kaphanud grahi kusthakrmivisapahah" (Bha.pra.)]

Tqoq ;F$t-dwt: EF(F.FRIII1IJFI€: Ierqc<ftgnq, fi1sq1-ffiqpr6, 11dqdq .ro s-er iqvn d'qti To r

s-toci *iqrF6 gtqqfirfirqk( rro-dri 6-{q Fhssq€dil{rq | (+. fr.)

['Babbulastu kasayosnah kaphakasamayapahahArnaraktatisaragh nah pittadahartti na6anahBabbulasya phalam ruksam vi5adam stambhanam guruBab-lapatram samgrahi purusavyadhikasajitRucyam katlsnam durnamakaphamarutana5anam' (Kai.ni.)]

"qq.d{sgffiffifi1flkorr€, 1{ftrftTsrfirflrg}6r(tqRn, rrrrr+riqrtr+, qfra, {ifrrilqt{qRq, r" (3Tr.ls.)

["Babbulasya tu niryaso grahi pittanilapahahRaktetisarapittasramehapradarana6anah _Bhagnasamdhanakah sitah sonitasrutivaranah' (A.vi.)l

"s-tq *.qrdt6ut: rf,(ffiffipf€fffi: I3ilq-.ftrFd€Rq, fuf,ff€rft{rwr' I r" ({.1q. )

l'Barburastu kasayosnah kaphakasamayapahahAmaraktatisaraghnah pittadaharti na5anah " (Ra. ni.)l

-e-qdt dsroutffidq: gg({l-{, I

2tl

teq[q qo irs q-d Fhfirqn rr " td.fr.)[" Babbulo vrarlaka.nlasyanadighnah kaphahrt saral;t

Kuslhaghnasca phalar.n tasya bhedanam kpinasanam" (So'ni')l

"eqona-mrg' ft4rq, {frdwrcqt, telrqafirftfgRrun ar{H\ Tr6fr\ {d, trq-i +.r{i s fri'q qrd .frftqrtq.1tqki trh€ vqt(c+{ qre6 qtr{ rr

s?i s-{qs,r€q arqi@s.s.RiT( t

{qds q-o ser fu rdqi To tt

6vni rg{ sfti dqi *qfrareq | " (fr.{.)

[" Babbulastiktamadhurall snigdhah sitoqnatuvaranAmaraktatisaranam nasano grahako matahKapham kasam ca pittam ca daham raktetisarakam

Vatam prameham 6amayet pa.rnantu grahakammatam

Rucyam katusnakasaghnam vatapumstvakapharsanutBabbulasya phalar.n ruksam vi6adam stambhanam guru

Kasayam madhuram sitam lekhanam kaphapittahrt" (Ni'ra')l

29

Acacia poly antha Willd.(A. suma (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham.')

Mimosaceae ({Eo-toq)

Distribution: Bengal, Bihar. Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, in moist localitiesThe plant: A medium sized tree with white bark exfoliating in papery

flakes with horizontal patches of darker colour, young shoots downy;leaves bipinnate, leaflets 30 - 50 pairs, l inear-oblong, pubescent,nerves obscure, glands between many of the pairs of pinnae, stipularspines short, straight or slightly hooked; flowers sessile, white, inspikes; fruits f lat pods, 7-12 cm long with a triangular beak at theapex; seeds many.

Parls used: heartwoodProperties and uses: The heartwood is bitter, astringent, acrid,

thermogenic, depurative, anthelmintic and revulsive. It is useful inleprosy, leucoderma, pruritus, skin diseases, vitiated conditions ofkapha, diabetes, helminthiasis, ulcers, epilepsy, insanity, rheumatismand obesity.

"q-({, qk{-fr-R: .6rat6Fair{q 6q6, ffi IA{ q frq+cq,, qfqsq, {qwqr{q rli*gsil c-6r+l6: Efffff,: g+Fu-e$: Iqm-{eT qfr fu' Yrd, qqtq{rq$, 1" (sr.q.)

["Kadarah khadirakarah kalaskandhasca kamukah kamiNemi ca somavalkah pathidrumah 6yimasara5caNemivrkso mahakalah kalakah ksudrakantakahCakravrkga iti jneyah sabdaih parySyavacakaih (A.ma.)l

"fE1 : TiFtctq&F{rr {qrqgtfq 6,rrim, r

30

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

White cutch tree, White catechuSvetakhair f MrlKandaraha, M0gali, (Eoddd. dlrode))Ven kari n na I i, So m arayatto I i (ooerdao1e6,rJcel1, cmtcoocororurocerl)Kadarah, Somavalkah (s-R,, fr{Qe.5,)Kovil, Silaiyufr cai (Gsnoflcil, Fcoouqgcos)Tellatumma, S6mavalkamu, Tellasundra(EgU:;lg. iF$JoFJ::, doh:op)

polyantha

Courtesy: NBRI, Lucknow.

3 l

+-uerd'H +fi q-trgeit ffiq, ttrf6ttt6fi: {iq{uil qFiqqr, g6u-r+1 r

*tffqi-an' {il+r ffu{si Fo-{qq , r (dt.fr.)

["Kadarah somavalka6ca syamasaroltha karmukah

Kantadyo gorado vakro mahavrkqo dvijapriyah

Mahaval kah samvarano margavlksah sukant aki

Kamboiipatrakah somo nemivrkso marudbhavah" (So.ni.)]

"6{t ffi qud gcffiq-( t" (qr. c. a *.fr.)

["Kadaro visado vamyo mukharogakaphasrajit "(Bha.pra.& Kai.ni.)]

"9t6+EtAqET: 6qfoqqv6q5' 1

cro-ss€wrT{, $-qq, ftqtraq1tr, rr (q.fr.)

[" Pramehamedodosagh nah kaphapittavranapahahPandukugthapra6amanah kadarah svitranasanah" (Ma.ni.)l

"+dq €ffift: e6gf.l: EFg6ntfEF: I

ouEfuqcEea: rfi'rfirfJll![0Jffi, Ir ({t.F.)

["Svetastu khadirastiktah kagyah katurusnakaht<anOutiOnutakust haghnah kaphavatavranapahah" (Ra.ni.)l

"ftq q|g1kft' qfrd, frfrs'slr6' I

r+rffiq srqteidrm{, n (q.h.)

["svetastu khadirastiktah sitah pittakaphapahah

Raktadosahara6caiva karldukusJ havina6anah" (Dha.ni.)l

"erq ffir erd 5cirq-<mrrg( rr (c.fs.)["Sarastu vi5ado vamyo mukharogakaphasranut" (Ma.vi.)]

"'i!rsrd drteF qr, r {wt' r (fi.fr.)[" Goradakhyo gu nai rebhiryu kto nylnal;r sa b.rmhar;rah" (So. ni.)]

Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Men(A. concinna (Willd.) DC.)

Mimosaceae (VqO - 5Oa

SanTam

Tel

Soapnut-acaciaSatala, Koci (qrcor, +'fql)Sege 1&r1;Ca!'malanta, Carmantala, Cikkakka, Cinikka, Civikka(d6oelcto, ordaaoet,

"Jleercoeic, "Jlcnleerc, "Jlor'laoc;Saptala, Carmasahva (qqrol, qfgiqfl)

CikaikkAi, Ciyakkai, Cikkai (Ocosdsnur, Surdonur, Sdsnur)

Sikdya (fls-ob)

Distribution: Throughout India. in forestsThe plant: A stout prickly climbing shrub with brown branches dotted with

whitel leaves bipinnate, main rachis bearing sharp hooked pricklesand a large gland on the petiole, pinnae 8 pairs or more, leaflctssubscssile, sensitive, unequal sided, glabrous; f lowers small inglobose heads, polygamous; fruits short-stalked thin pods, f lat,coriaceous, the sutures straight; seeds 6 - 10 per pod.

Parts used: podsProperties and uses: The pods are bitter, astringent, cooling, diuretic,

emet ic . deobstruant , detergent , depurat ive and anthelmint ic . T 'heyare useful in vit iated conditions of pitta, burning sensation,constipation, renal and vesical calculi, strangury, haemorrhoids,erysipelas, leucoderma, leprosy, prurigo, abscesses and eczema.

The powdered pods (known ascikkikkai powder) are the bestalternativep to soaps in all cases of skin diseases.

-{kroT qqror €Rr le-tdr rqEforJqsl I

E3fr{r qC-+.qr +{r *Edr rrrhsT r (q.fr.)["Satala saptala siri vidula vimalaimalaBehuphena carmakasa pnena Oipta maralika" (Dha.ni.)l

"qrcor lhrfr icmr qqfl-fl|-s*tr& r

@qrcd-f(q+( I t" (rl.fr . )1'Satala 6oOnani tikta kaphapittasradosanutSopnoOarAOnmanahara kifr cinmarutakrdbhavet" (Dha. ni.)l

J-')

Acacia sinuata

of fruitshowing seeds

bisexual flower

J4

qlddr 6.s.lTnqi oq fir4flI 4.qfz16t I

@ i l " ( { T . f r . )[ 'satala kaphapittaghnl laghu tikta kasayikaVisarpakusthavisphotavrana6ophanikrntanT (R-.ni.)l

"{o-dnk+ Tqq

[" Mulatvagadikam grahyam']

Remarks : I r r 'Amai 'akos t . r r , l r t J l r l . t , i tu l , l . hhr t r tp l l . l r r , land (d i l t ldk r ts r t J rc p i \ . cn as

svnonvms l t t r t tp t t t l , t . In lhc : lme tcx t J (JPId l ' r i s mcnt ioned a5 a s \n ( )n \m f ( ) r

t tr tvunnll iku (nt i imutla)also. -fhis has led to lot of confusion.

T l r t ' Sanskr i t ( 'onrmentar r ' Vakr aprad ip ik t ( T r ik kov i l Uzhut ra Var ie r )

on 'Astangahrdayam' gives the lerm brahmi in Malayalam for saptal i

included uncler the vegetable group of drugs Parri l rrsrrptularist ir l i a;

ment ioned in 'As tangahrdar am- Sut ras thanam' Chapter -6 . But'Pa thvak i i ra

in te rpre ts i t t ( ) mcan (o rnmntaro and g ives i t another Sanskr i t

tcrm hruhmi yi iesuh. Since ruptrr l l and ( 'oni lus(thuri aru the svnonynrs l i rr thc

same drug. i t mav not be proper to regard them as two dif ferent ones. In the

tcxt 'sahasravogam' in the formulati t tn o[ Arir,r t , tA', ,r ' , trn,,rn the Malal 'alam

tt 'rrn l tr t thrrrt is uscd l i rr : i t t t lu. ln Ahhit lhanamanjari ' hoth .sutul i antl

t r tn t r t t . \ ( t l t r t t . thc iu t r svn( )n \m\ t r l s . r | r t r r / r l hare hecn used as .s t t t t lu h r t t l t tn i in

N{alayalam.

It woulcl not be proper to identi fy- t 'arntus,thr 'r t . (Acatia sinuttu)as

brahmi or bruhmivi iJs(rni a\ t l te formcr is a tcrrcstr ial pricklv cl imber sccn

in forcsts while the latter is a hvdrophvte growing along the water courses.

Bt ' s ides . thc r ro r t l s . \ ' t t l td ld . . r r i t r r l , ian t l curm' tsahv i a rc svnonvms t l l lhe s i tmc

tlr l ,g tarnnkasa which is alw'avs identi f ied in Malavalam as curmalunta

(At 'u t iu s inuota l . The uord tu rn tnA, ts t i , u 'h ich means tha t wh ich iubs away

skin eruptions, is also appropriate f.or ctnikktt ( t 'urntulutrt t) .

3-5

Coll. No. AVS 1181

Acalypha indica Linn.Euphorbiaceae (q{ug-Toq)

lndian acalypha

Kuppikhokli 1t;.rMlKuppigida (6rdJnd)

Kuppameni (6,]HcacDl)

H aritam afr j ari 16fun-srwfr )Ku ppai men i, Ku ppaveni (gL-LcouGLoeofl , guuGolcbrfl )Kuppicettu, Kuppinta, Muripindi (su33iu3, 5o3roo. :::o3o&;

Eng

HinKan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

Distribution: A weed found throughout the plains of India

The plant: An erect. annual herb with numerous ascending branches:

leaves long-pet to led. ovate or rhombic-ovatc. acutc. cuncate at basc.

crenate-serrate, glabrous, thin: both male and female flowers in

axil lary spikes, male flowers minute. followed by a tuft of steri le

flowers, the females scattered, 3 - 5 surrounded by a many-nerved

bract; fruits capsules. small. concealed by the bract; seeds ovoid,

smooth, pale brown.Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter. acrid. expectorant. purgative.

emetic. gastrointestinal irritant and diuretic. The roots and leaves

are used to treat skin diseases. constipation. ulcers, bronchitis,

vit iated conditions of. vata, otalgia and croup.

"+1fu-or ors-d go-sr 5gq"tr qffi tY+tr{U-& 5{s]ar il{dr Efi"cqqfr ll- (Fq.)t"Kokila kakali munda kutsyapa.r1l vrsodari

Sveta5untni murakanta p.rokta haritamafrjari" (Sva')l

"*.rs{-qw-6fr t{ffi *.sd s-96-r dql I

H {t-dr tq qcqffifli qdr tt

f,-fl-dsr{ i-fii s!i{tot{ qr( |rFFfiGF-Fr qffiq q|oHr ceear6( ll" (R.)

36

Acalypha indica

/f-\v,)wseed

ffifruit

J I

I Kasasvisahari t ikta kaphaghnl katuka tathaRecani mutral a caiva jvaravdtahara smrlaTatpatrasvarasam proktam karnasulaharam param

Patrakalkasya varttistu balanam malabandhahrt (Sva.)l

38

Coll. No. AVS 1422

Achyranthes aspera Linn.Amaranth ace ae (.fugdq -S-da

EngHinKanMal

SanTam

Prickly chaff-flower PlantCircita, Cicim{a 1ffiat, fofrstl

Uttarani (eJs-d$)Kat alati, Vankat alati, Valiyakat alati

1asercs1, o.toda,setcs'1, orcL'lco a,seos'l;

Apamargah (3TcIcFi')

Katalati, Nayuruvi (srounrq, Drttlg6t5l)Apamargdmu (s):r- :5)

Distr ibut ion: ' fhrought lut India. a long roadsidcs and wastc p laces as wcl l

as ttn hil ls uPto 9(X) rn

The plant: An e rcct. much hranchcd suffruticose or diffuse shrub upto one

metre in hc ight wi th quadrangular s t r ia te pubescent branchcs '

th ickened just above the nodes. leaves s imple. opposi te. exst ipulate.

vclvety tomentose. orbicular. obovate or elhptic, 10 cm long and

7.5 cm broad: f lowers bracteate and bracteolate, greenish. dcflexed.

in slender spikes clften 45 cm long: fruits easily disarticulating oblong

urt ic le ; seeds s ingle. inverse.

Parts used: whole Plantproperties and uses: The plant is acrid. bitter. thcrmogenic, expectorant,

revulsive. carminative. digestive. stomachic' laxative. anodyne'

depurative, anthelmintic. diuretic. l inthontriptic. sudorif ic'

demulcent. haematinic anci anti-inflamatorv. It is useful in cough,

asthma. bronchitis. dyspepsia. f latulence. colic' painful

inflammations. dropsv. ophthalmopathy, vomiting. leprosy' skin

diseases. pruritus. helminthiasis. strangury. renal and vesical calculi '

cardiac disorders. anaemia. vit iated conditions of kapha and r.ara and

gcneral debil it.v.

3rcrcT'iK PRqt tsf'rfi €rq-.f,{fr |

Sli6{qlarq'{rca e-.q+qqi qco: ll

6rrsql-e: dcftdt +$-E grfirrt, t

stiT{Fq qrtqqi q-o-& c-ffi rrq-ffEi Tit &rq6 tr{.fuaq.r-6 '

Tel

39

Achyranthes aspera

Wf lower

t ' ' ' " [

40

qroFFU-zT=r t-q{q 7?ilfr{Ifr{r{s: lt" ({r.fr.)

["Apamargastu sikhari kinihi kharamafrjariDurgrahascapyadhahsalyah pratyakpuspi mayu rakahKandakantah 6aikhariko markati durabhigrahahVa6ira5ca parakpuspi kanti markatapippaliKaturmafrjariko nandi ksavakah panktikanlakahMalakanta6ca kublasca trayovirhsatinamakah (Ra.ni.)l

"3{qrqrrt: qide"il ffi6q, qg, 1qtq-il qwffBffiit{orq-tr tr

trtR qsTscnwf,+.trqqffi r" (qr.e.)

["Apamargah sarastiksno dipanastiktakah katuhPacano navanaschardikapnamedolnilapahaNihanti hydrujadhmanarsahkandu5ulodarapaci" (Bha.pra.)l

"3TcrcFilitrrt-( frepir rqr( qfr$fqh qa-( rqrrrdhl .ff{iTrfr 161frqlf€qd, rr" (S.fr.)1" npamalgolgni krt tiksno nasyat sirsakrmin jayetVamako raktasarirg rahi raktatisarahm matah" (So. n i.)l

"*qt<ijtro-r{ ffi 1ffi qq1 I

{A cF} q qgsr *dwn €rrdrsrfr n" (q.fr.)

[" Kaphamedojni lahara chedani srarirsani tathaRase pat<e ca katuka viryosna kharamaijarl" (Ma.ni.)l

"3rvtqrtq ffisq,6g{? s's-{l-{t{: Iqri+vq<rtqTn rtr6( TrR ilk-t-( l" (q.ft., {r.ii.)

["Apamargastu tiktosrah katu5ca kaphana6anahArdakandr-rdaraOnmano raktahrd grahi vantikrl" (Dha.ni., Ra.ni.)l

"Td qR Wret, {4r( E5ffio-qfirnlrf€: I3rcrqrdFq-( fiqrr, {A({' 1jq1, q1, l" ({.e.)

["Nasye vante pra6astah syat dadrukandukaphapahahAp-margagnikrt tiksnah kledanah srarhsanah parah" (Ra.va.)l

e,SepSl <nolgilao;. olC(d.)cGnDaDJo arnooGItDQ)Jo

"-r'locm orr$or1olet16rrec6]o ccoccntarisaodocodocolo cn]drDo ( <n).oJc. )["Katalati samippikkum vatatteyum kaphatteyumPinne vastiyiluntakum rogannalkkokkeyum gular.n". (Gu.pa.)l

A 1q t

Coll. No.8.S.1. (N.C.) 66957

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex RoyleRan unculace ae (qffiilq-T-da

-_ lEngH i nKanMalSanTamTel

Atis rootRtis (:e-frs)Ativisa (er.9id)

Ativ itayam (tancDlor'lsol")

Ativisa 1eftkw)Ativadayam (gI$GULurLb)

Ativasa (e,s,::r)__t

Distributrion: Sub-Alpine and Alpine zones of the Himalayas

The plant A herb. stem crect, simple. at t imes branched: leaves more or

lcss heteromorphous, lowest leaves with long pctioles' usually

-5-lobed to the middle, uppermost leaves amplexicaull f ' lowers in leafy

panic le. b lue or v io let : f ru i ts fo l l ic les ' 16 - 18 mm long; seeds

obpyramiclal, blackish brown, angles more or less winged'

Roots tuberous. whitish or grey. smooth. cross-section pure white

in which 2 - 6 b lack ish vascular suppl ies are secn arrangcd in a

discontinuous ring. cylindric-oblong or conic. upto 2.5 cm long and

0.5 - 1.5 cm thickl breaks very casily and tastes very bitter'

Parts used: rootsProperties and uses: The roots are acrid. bitter. thermogenic. expectorant'

alcxetcric, stomachic. digestivc. antiperiodic and tonic. They are

useful in dysentery, diarrhoea, stomach disorders, fever. malarial

fever, vomiting, helminthiasis. haemorrhoids, haemorrhages, internal

inflammatory conditions and general debil ity. They are highly

recommended for diseases in children.

gutq-€oqT giiqr gufiqr IIqnT-sT q {s-s-<] |

ffissrjidfqqr Fqr q iddFd crfr RTq rr" (31.c.)

[" Ghunavallabha ghunesta ghunapliy- srhgi ka ca 6ukakanda

Visamopavisajtivisa vi9- ca visveti maOri syat" (A.ma.)l

3rfdidsr *d-qr<i fe,at q-s'fr q q-qlT I

fuFqr {qmdi<r s fuqsqr qdqfr rr

st{r sfrfssr q<t tdsr da-*i{r q-dr t

+q nqr drgqr-sfuat rt

t)

fFGt" 3 Ilum

,trW\

of f lower

"**-

F I ,

/ t ,

L.

[ 'Ativisa svetakanda visva srhgi ca bhanguraVirupa syamaxanda ca v isvarupa mahausadhiVira prativisa cardra visa Svetavaca smrlaArunopavisa caiva jneya sodadasarhmita 1Ra.nr.;]

Es"r il.oTr +-ik-{.iT <iq$ clqql *d r

@ i l 'I Visa sosn- katustikta picani dipanl haretKaphapittetisardmavisakasavamikrmin' (Bha.pra.)l

"+-+-,njAaqr ia-+-m +rnftrrenqa rqqTfrq-RsTqlal ffi rr" (q.fr. a l.F.)

["KatusnaJtivisa tikta kaphapittajvarapahaAmat isaraXasaghnl vrsacchardiv inasin i " (Dha.nr . & R5.n i . ) l

"Fy6ri qridFdq W.Etoi q filflilf,1 r3rtTdfusi,ift q qrq6{ I

@rq-f#,r.aqr +c ?ffiaq qlaqq 1;fiiiR qrFd-iTR 5ffir< ral r (ftr.)

I Triprak-ram cativisam krncidusnam ca tiktakamAgnidiptikaram gr-hi tridosanam ca pacakamRaktapittajvaramatisaraXasavisdpahamYakrdvantitrsam caiva krminarsamsca pinasamPittodaram catisaram harsavyadhiharam matam' (Ni.ra.)]

fusT dr6un oqfir{dr f,qfi qrfr q4d. I

@l(+ . f r . )["Vis- sosn- laghustikat- dipani pacani jayet

Kaphapittatisaramavisakasavam ikrm*rn (Kai. n i.) l

"cncnloLlscoroool4[gg" 6d1g]" omroccr) oro;.

OU(06fDnO@o glOAr"n.-IOtOrColoo(oo

6,ccruo!](.no dlocnaor ;a;o"oo.." ((rl.orc.)

["Ativitayamericcit tum kaccitt um rasamayvarumSaranaharam jvarakaphapittapaharam

Kasaghnam dipananca drutaharam " (Gu.pa.) l

Remarks:"afqqrjtAqr iar g+ar 5q16rnJ6q1 r

" (fr.r.)

[ ' Trividhaltivisa ineya sukla krsna tathajrunA' (Ni.ra.)]

"w{f,dt aqfusT €l Hqr agffiur rr+m dm W twn qta-qqi ae}q qr ll' (c.fr.)

45

[Syamat<anOo copaviga sa vijfreya caturvidha

naxta sveta bfsam kfqna pltavam- tathaiva sa" (Ma.ni.)l

' Indian Medicinal Plants' also mentions four variet ies: 'The root isexhibited as white, yel low, red and black variet ies. the white variety is thebest.' Therefore. it is the white variety Aconitum heterophyllum which isused in the formulations.

The root of. Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz.) Fischer ex Wydler which iscalled nattativiqayant in Malayalam. is inexpensive and freely available in themarket. Though i t is said to have tonic and antiperiodic propert ies. i t hasnone of the other properties enumerated for ativitayam (A. heterophyllum).

Hence. i t should not be used as a substi tute f .or arivisi (at ivi tavam).

(

(

I

46

Coll. No. AVS 2405

Aconitum napellus Linn.(=A.ferox Wall.)

Ranunculace ae (qffi{N-t-Oa

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Indian aconite, Monk s hoodBachnag, Mithavis (E[s;rrrl, *aftql

Vatsandbhi lde.o-oQ)Vatsanabh i loroicnlmcral)VatsanAbhah (T€Hrq:)

Vasanavi (ol+pnofl)

Vatsandbhi 1:,5;4)

Distribution: Northern Himalayas of Nepal and KashmirThe plant: A biennial herb with tuberous roots. 60 - 90 cm in height with

an erect stem, slender to rather robust, f inely pubescent in the upperpart; leaves scattered, basal 5 - 6, upper leaves upto 10, petioles

slender, blades somewhat fleshy, reniform, rarely cordate-orbicularwith a wide and shallow sinus. 5-pgdatipartite almost to the base,lobes narrow, inciso-dentate, or laciniate. ult imate segments or teethacute, uppermost blades sessile or subsessile, much smaller and lessdissected, f lowers blue, in loose racemes, floral leaves much reducedand passing into trif id or entire and linear-lanceolate bracts; sepalsblue, hairy, uppermost helmet shaped, laterals oblique, orbicular-obovate, broadly clawed; fruits oblong, conspicuously reticulatefoll icles; seeds obovoid to obpyramidal.

Roots are dark brown externally and the fracture is scarcelyfarinaceous and yellowish, on tasting, it produces a strong tinglingsensation. The innovation bud is conic and the scales are persistentand prominently and finely nerved.

Parts used: rootsProperties and uses: The roots are sweet, thermogenic, narcotic, anodyne,

ant i - in f lammatory. d iaphoret ic . d iuret ic . expectorant . nerv ine tonic .stomachic. appetiser, carminative. digestive, stimulant. sialagogue.cardiotonic, emmenagogue. anaphrodisiac, depurative, sedative andfebrifuge. They are useful in vitiated conditions of vata, pitta andkapha, cephalalgia, neuralgia, painful inflammations, strangury,cough, asthma, bronchitis, hypotension, dyspepsia, f latulence, colic,cardiac debil ity, dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, spermatorrhoea,leprosy, skin diseases, sciatica. gout. paralysis, hepatopathy,

47

Aconitum napellus

48

splenopathy. pharyngodynia. diabetes. nasal discharges. fever,

inflammatorv fevers and debil itv.

"ftr5qnveffi,it qe+'qg'Fcqzn t

cerdc dir{k+fl{tl: r qrfud l (rlt.e.)

[" Sinduvarasadrkpatro vatsanabhyakrtistathaYatpar6vena tarorvrddhirvatsanabhah sa bhasitah" 1Bha.pra.)l

3{.q-a qR {fl{Fn fuqqu qRqqq rtRAi rp"i qrr1 Rirra s qTqER6I tl

T{ai raTrq{Ts en st{d r" (u.fr.)

["Amrtam syat vatsanabho visamugram mahausadham

Garalam maranam nagam stokakam pr-nah-rakam

Garalam sthavaradyam sy-t proktam caikadasahvayam (Ra.ni.)l

" t d q c r o r E l f u q 4 f u q f f i z r

:nrhi erffiq-€d ffi qEr*t1 tt

d-q gFrdT4d g nvmfu {vtqql l

ffi trEd {dq dffiq\ l (qT.s.)

["Visam pranaharam proktam vyavayi ca vikasi ca

Agneyam vatakaphahrt yogavahi madavaham

Tadeva yuktiyuktam tu pranadayi rasayanam

Yogavahi tridosaghnam brmhanam viryavarddhanam' (Bha.pra.)l

qqTgsur a?n alsur {ccc;q qffi q I

f f i f f i + q o E q T + l s i E f l l

rClr<rq ffi( Ergfisuqrd. fri qrilfrTq t

tso-qr(qfti Md cd-q-+I-tfir+fr q tt

{ft{Tq{+qde.qr(trIk oitfi q r

3+rqer<rgqqffi;qqqrqffi dq tt

l@ *qqqr6q-omR I

3TidfiFtd dTruK s@u oTErdr( tr

5_$i qrffis-.sr(nerqe-&fl?Ti fu1 t

fes -q1z1-{ qeq qnVffe-flr1q rr

*gfr-Ed +sFi q rq+rR gewl t

;qqrfu q M6 g€ErilsflTr+{ I

eTtr{qr€qr€'{T{catd|-E{q'r<q r

TiccF-{du'raifu {TTtHVafd-d1 | r" (Yr.fr . )

["Ruksamusnam tatha tiksnam suksmamadu vyavayi ca

Vikasi vi6adam caiva laghvapaki ca te dasa

Tadrauksyat kopayed vayumausnyat pittam sa sonitam

49

Taiksnyat matim mohayati marmabandhan bhinatti ca

dariravayavin sauks-my-t praviseOOni karoti ca

AsutuaOasruatproktam vyavay-t pfakrtim haret

Vikasitv-ddipayati dosan Ohatun malanapi

Atiricyeta vaisadyad duscikitsyanaca laghav-t

Durjaram c-vipaXitvat tasmatkle6ayate ciram

Visam rasayanam balyarp vataslegmavikaranut

Kalutiktar.n kasayar.n ca madakari sukhapradar.n

Vyavayi ca sirodvahi kuslhavatasranadanam

Agnimandyasvasakasap!ihodarabhagandaramGulmapalQuvrar.rArsamsi nasayedvidhisevitam " (Sa.ni.)l

'qRcl1nlidcg{, 1i1wi1 q;55s.1q5' I

+rao-.*efqcrdq frf,qritwitjfu s r' (q.fr.)

["Vatsanabhojtimadhurah soqno vataXaphapahah

Kantharuksannipataghnah pittasamsodhanoJ pi ca" (Dha. ni.)l

'e-N-{r.iljtrcE, ffi q565-q1q5, I

sudswtrcrdq fot-e-drrfircrt, I r" (tt.fr.)

["VatsanabhoJtimadhurah sogno vatakaphapahah

Kantharuksannipataghnah pittasantapakarakah" (Ra. ni.)l

Remarks: Indian aconite or Monk's hood is a virulent poison and hence

purif ication is needcd before using.The roots are purif ied either in cow's

urine or milk. The purif ication with milk is more effective.

50

Coll. No. AVS 2406

Acorus Calamus Linn.Araceae t{wt-$.oq)

Distribution: Throughout India in areas elevated upto 1,800 m, in marshes,also cultivated

The plant: A semi-aquatic rhizomatous perennial herb, rhizome creeping,much branched, as thick as the middle finger, cylindrical or slightlycompressed, lightbrown or pinkish brown externally, white andspongy within; leaves bright green, distichous. ensiform. baseequitant, thickened in the middle, margins wavy;flowers light browndensely packed in sessile cylindric spadix; fruits oblong turbinateberries with a pyramidal top; seeds few, pendant from the apex of thecells.

Parts used: rhizomesProperties and uses: The rhizome is acrid, bitteq thermogenic, aromatic.

intellect promoting, emetic, laxative, carminative, stomachic,anthelmintic, emmenagogue, diuretic, alexeteric, expectorant,anodyne, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, anticonvulsant, resuscitative,anti-infl ammatory sudorific, antipyretic, sialagogue, insecticidal,tranquillising, nervine tonic, sedative and tonic. It is useful in vitiatedconditions of vata and kapha, stomatopathy, hoarseness, colic,flatulence, dyspepsia, helminthiasis, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea,nephropathy, calculi, strangury, cough, bronchitis, odontalgia,pectoralgia, hepatodynia, otalgia, inflammations, gout, epilepsy,delirium, amentia, convulsions, depression and other mentaldisorders, tumours, dysentery, hyperdipsia, haemorrhoids,intermittent fevers, skin diseases, numbness and general debility.

51

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Sweet flagBacc, Gorbae6 (EflEEl, ftt-WqlBaji(a:aE)Vayampu 1orcmi;Vaca, Ugragandha (qqf, 3]Itr;qr)Vasampu (owLbq)Vasa (;b)

Acorus calamus

nflorescence

52

Sqrr+TI tffifr qr-dqffi-dr r

snv-i a Tqrrtqr qHrql q dtq{n l" (rT.e.)

["Vacog ragandha sadgrand ha golomi riataparvi kaKgudrapatri ca mangalya jatilogra ca lomasa" (Bha.pra.)l

'qiirJrr*Tr rirdrqi s|gpilr;r q dtq{n Ierqt da-+qr ieqr sq1-qr ffi 1' (r1.fr.)

["Vacogragandha golomi jati logra ca lomasaAnya svetavaca medhya sadgrandha haimavatyapi" (Dha.ni.)l

'Mm qffirlr q dqw I{qid f+srqr lrEr qqzrci{fr svr{qqt litqr $c+qr drn s-ErJ+n frffi-or rfreryr'r-qr ffi q-q{"ql fqqcr s {T l ({.fr.)

["Vacogragandha golomi jatilogra ca lomasaRaksoghni vijayA bhadra mangalyeti dasahvayaMed hya svetavaca tvanya sadgrand hA di.rghapatri kaTlksnagandha haimavati mangalya vijaya ca sa (Ra.ni.)l

"q-rirqrrqr 53mr ffiwn i@tq rE-d"rntrTrE-dd vryqrkvirfiri rr

5vat{-oq *( r' t,Tr.c.)["Vacogragandha katu ka tiktosna vantivahni krtVi bandhad h manasulaghni sakrn m[traviriodh i niApasmarakaphonmadabhutajantvanilan haret" (Bha. pra.)l

"ilftrfr Wftr*its4r qrc5$q6qTr6r I

ou-{q ttq a gFr6ql++amamqlf3q 11s-qrd"i g +-g+ stitroi qoqla{ |frqi oq-anli iqrgq q crsr( rlv-gq dtq+d Rr€E 6uaret'Tk( t' (q.fr.)

["Vamini katutiktosna vataSlesmarujapahaKanthya medhya ca krmihrdvibandhAdhmanasulanutVacadvayam tu katukam ruksosnam malamtltralamDipanam kaphavataghnam medhyayugyam ca pacanamJantughnam cogragandham syallaghu kanthasyarogajit" (Dha.ni.)l

'ieqr fi's-6{r +q ifftr *-€1 fuqr;ra, r

r+<mqfm Gitd A *r qiTr l' (c.fr.)

["Medhya kaphahara caiva tikta katvi vipakatahUnmadapasmrtihara raksoghni ca vaca mata" (Ma.ni.)]

"{sr frs{TT +-e*rr q *qnqFrqns-JE rqrcqqffi erkg;n-<r1qq rr

53

v+r*qrjngtnEql qHqrq' q{kET q.s-q( |

gqr q erdTrfFr<M q ffi q aql tt" ({.R.)

[iVaca tlkqna katlsna ca kaphamagranthi6ophanut

Vatajvaratisaraghnl vanti k!'nmadabhutan ut

Svetavacaltlgunadhya matimedhayuh samrddhida kaphanut

Vrsya ca vatabhutakrmidosaghni ca dlpani ca vaca" (Ra'ni')l

"{sr irffr +g, v* 4swn+vru-fr tffi qrq-n itqr ffi q{s{c-fl ll

rql|tr{66wfio11 t

qt; A-<-+rrnar:t rr" (*.fr.)

['Vaca tikta katuh pake katurusnamapacani

Dioani vamani medhya iivani vaksvaraprada

Hantyunmadamapasmaram raksoiantukaphanilan

Sulam vibandhamadhmanam 5akrnmutlavisodhani " (Kai'ni ') l

"aarg{ffitcr 6s-qrdrcTr-€-( r (d.ft . )["Vacayurbuddhismrtida kaphavatamabhutahrt" (So'ni')]

"s-*wn qmr la-<r qffi Paaqirf-q t

w{olFTor-.d-qt-( t t" (q.cI.F. )

[" Vacosr.ra kat u ka ti kta vamani svaravah n i krt

Aoasmarakaphonmadabhuta6ulanilafrjayet" (Ma'pa'ni')l

"e-qrgqr qftrdffi l" ({t.q.)

["Vacayugya vatakaphatfsnaghni smrtivarddhini" (Ra'va')]

olaofiul mcml eru;ar.fl€olo o,ctdcrd5lDjo rtlolmdg4jmo

rDccrDQo BcDuolejdolo a,;.'doononercm;giloi' ((')l'olo')

["Vayampu nannu buddhikkum kapnyam dipanapacanam

Nanneftam danta6ulakkum kusJhavatavalasajit"' (Gu'pa')l

Remarks: The Mareria Medicas like"Bhavapraka6am"'Rajanighal{u' etc.'

mention another variety of vaca, ivetavaca or hymavati (velvayarhpu), which'Dravyagunavijflan' identifies as lris germanica'

tt is reported that there is another variety of vaca (Acorus -gramineusSoland.) found growing abundantly in the Himalayas. The ivetavaca

mentioned in ancient textbooks might perhaps be this plant'

54

Coll. No. AV'S 2532

Actiniopteris dichotoma Bedd.Polypodiaceae ( grq-+*-$€a

Distribution: Throughout India. very common in the lower hills ofAttappady, upto 600 m in Nilgiris.

The plant: A herbaceous miniature palm-like fern upto 25 cm high withdensely tufted stipe. Fronds fan-like with numerous dichotomoussegments which are rush-like in texture, veins few. subparallel withdistinct midrib, segments of fertile frond longer than those of thebarren one, sori linear, elongate, submarginal.

Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, astringent, sweet, cooling, acrid,

constipating, anthelmintic, haemostatic, antileprotic and febrifuge. Itis useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta, diarrhoea,dysentery, helminthiasis, haemoptysis, haematemesis, leprosy, skindiseases. diabetes and fever.

["MayrJrahvasikha prokta sahaslanghrirmadhucchada" (BhA.pra.)]

[" Maylrahva6ikha jneya sahasf madhukacchadA"(Ma. pa.ni.)]

'cr1+cufi vre'S t1rrq-qfrrqr qm r" 1d.h.)

["Madh[kapami sahasri mayurahva6ikha smrta" (Kai.ni.)]

"ffiror od firfl{Aqridqrrtm( | (qr.c.)["Nllakantha6ikha laghvi pitta6le5mAtisarajit (Bha.pra.)]

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Peacock's tailMay0rdikha, MOrpamtni ({{fvrql, ffi)Mayu ra6i kha (droileo9ar)

Mayura6ikha, MayilatumSikha, Nanmukappullu

1oor1o<ro1at oorlacsg.crolol, mcco]e,g]*)

May0radikha 1rq{Rrq)Mayilaturi6ikhai (Louflcun@LirFcsrs)

M ay0 ra6i kha (;lcu:r58a:)

55

Actiniopteris dichotoma

56

"c{('RqRr€I od firr{dqTftr€Rfq-( t' (q.cr.fr.)

[" Mayurahvadikha laghvi pittaslesmatisarajit" (Ma. pa. ni.)]

dtr qqrqrjwrfaqrffi* r

..1i 66-od q-€q-esi ffiE rr" (*.fr.)(*"sqrfl s-Eqrfud" s16 +ie-q)

[" Mayurahvasi kha 5ita kasayaiml aiml apakini -

Laghvi pittakaphau pakvamatisaram vinasayet (Kai.ni.)l(" "kaqaya katupakini" iti kecit.)

"qrcqr qr{sr ( {ln rugu*Run r€-d-s{f+i t-qE fiq-rsrlaltn gE( tt' ({t6o,)

["Sajya mayuracuQa tu pita tandulavarinaSarva-sapavisam hanyat kakajamghalthava dhluvam" (Sodhalah)l

Remarks: In 'Dravyagunavijfran' P.V Sharma regards Adiantum caudatum as

m9yirai ikha, whereas in'Bhavaprakasanigha4lu' and'saligramanighantubhusanam' Celosia cristata is described as mayiraiikha.

I

57

Coll. No. .AVS 1772

Adenanther& p av onina Linn.Mimosaceae ({q€-t@t)

Distribution: Throughout India. in deciduous forests. also cultivated asavenue trees

The plant: A medium sized, handsome unarmcd deciduous tree about 20min height with a clear bole of 6.0 m having greyish brown bark withlongitudinal f issures: leaves bipinnate, the pinnae 3 - 6 pairs.opposite, leaflets many, alternate, ovate - oblong, obtuse, glabrous,unequal sided, dark green above; f lowers pale yellow, in shortpeduncled racemes; fruits falcately curved pointed pods, the valvesspirally twisted after dehiscence; seeds shining bril l iant scarlet.lenticular - globose.

Parts used: bark, leaves, seeds, heartwoodProperties and uses: The bark and leaves are astringent, vulnerary and

aphrodisiac, and are useful in colonorrhea, haematuria. ulcers.pharyngopathy, vit iated conditions of vata and gout. The seeds arebitter, astringent. sweet, cooling, aphrodisiac, suppurative, antiemeticand febrifuge. They are useful in vitiated conditions of vata andpitta, golt, burning sensation, hyperdipsia, vomiting, fever andgiddiness. The heartwood is astringent, aphrodisiac. haemostatic,and is useful in dysentery, haemorrhages and vit iated conditions ofvata.

"qrcft-d{fr trs, are6{q V+fa, rqqi, vqw*q cqrd*< q<q: rl{ftrq<cqTs{qr{ rqw+1 rworu-s-+' tlioqqr, lffgf,ftrg: {iIuITIR, tq<{: l' (R.)

58

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Coralwood tree, Redwood treeBarAgufrci (sRt:l .d-S)Manjatti (d:oau!)Mafrcati(oerolcsl)Kucandanah, Tamrakah (5;{<{,, f,fftfl:)Yanai kuntumani (urneocur qeulr@Lood)Bandi g u rvi na, Mans6n i kotta (a:o,1.,',:s5J. Jca.as- ?)

Adenanthera pavonina lPtate 4 l

". );", ,,.. { _" .t o ,#.. _,x'uig;nft.,,/,*,'nl lq L *x

Jr91*"* ''

i.).jt ,1',1..r,;-i'u. '.,'\t '': -

ri, ""/1 It

' r ' ,? ' f Ff z 'K

I =:"< @tr".f_k'ry$'€r" - PJ'^^*'-i"aH#?&. {,fQ"O

_ & ;,':&,

['Araktatuvaribijah tamraka6ca suvarttul ahBarbarah Sarhbarascaiva pravalastaistu candanahRaktacandanasaOpyat ranjako raktakandakahSonavrksah tamrakandah sonasarah kucandanah" (Sva.)l

Hgffiijd fut91Fa-q6-qtrt r

rw*d q Ve\qqqw66{gq q' 11q-#rfiu-drqilErq rtir{ffiq qqd IslesRssr{q qufr rflffiq-( ttcftq<i-d(q-s gzfq' rrsi vfl t- (€.)

[" Svadutiktakaqayojsau pittabhrantivamijvaranRaktavatam ca samayet vlsyastrsnaharasca sahVaktrakant hAmayegvasya patptvakkvatha isyateKasl hasarakasayastu vrsyo raktatisarajitRaktacandanavat casya prayogah Sasyate sada" (Sva.)l

61

Coll. No. AVS 2223

Aegle mannelos (Linn.) Corr.Rutaceae (vrfrt-5enp

Distribution: Throughout India,in dry forests, also cultivatedThe planft A medium sized armed deciduous tree upto 8.0 m high with

straight,sharp,axillary thorns and yellowish brown shallowlyfurrowed corky bark; leaves trifoliate, aromatic, alternate, leafletsovate or ovate-lanceolate, crenate. pellucid-punctate, the lateralssubsessile and the terminal long-petioled; flowers greenish white, e,sweet scented, in axillary panicles; fruits globose, woody berry withyellowish rind; seeds numerous oblong, compressed, embedded inorange brown sweet gummy pulp.

Parts used: roots, leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are sweet, astringent, bitter and febrifuge.

They are useful in diarrhoea, dysentery, dyspepsia, stomachalgia,cardiopalmus, vitiated conditions of. vata, seminal weakness,uropathy, vomiting, intermittent fever, swellings and gastricirritability in infants. The leaves are astringent, laxative, febrifugeand expectorant, and are useful in ophthalmia, deafness,inflammations, catarrh, diabetes and asthmatic complaints. Theunripe fruits are bitter, acrid, sour, astringent, digestive andstomachic, and are useful in diarrhoea, dysentery and stomachalgia.The ripe fruits are astringent, sweet, aromatic, cooling, febrifuge,laxative and tonic, and are good for the heart and brain and indyspepsia.

'f*sq {frcrd, TnFwq' *sow qT(, r

gks€rs yfoE,*o{,6f,g, fryqrqryq sl

62

EngHin

Bael tree, Holy fruit treeBel, Sirphal (io, furq-o)

Belapatri (a*e;a$K0walam, KOlakam (a,]qg., o,Jgar")Vilvah, Sivadrumah, Stiphalah (fu@,,

K0vil am, Vilvam (a,ofl6nlb, orflclolrb)Bilvamu, Mdr6du (Oe.riJ::. Jt"td',)

KanMalSanTamTel

ftTEE,,*q-o,)

Aegle marmelos

*f lower

'" 1,6l

/f ruit

63

TrEFf,-O, trqqtil 6€Ffiijl: {rOIES, I

{ror3Eic {qdl rrd, trqt{qfq+: ll" (3r.q.)

[" Vilvastu p[ti pata|r SanQilyah sri phalasca manurah

MuStiphalasca 6alatah 5ailuqah kalkatah 5lyahvasca

Sadaphalah piluphalo hrdyagandhah Salatikah

Sala!udruma ityukto Sabdaih paryayavacakaih" (A'ma.)l

"f+e,vrffiqrotffirrr-t1q{, {rog{-q s,u-e+l q Tr(FSO: llq1d f{€qd ffia ffiftr+t t- (qT.e.)

["Vilval.r SanQilya5ail [9o mallra5rlphalavapiGandhagarbhah 5alatu6ca kantaki ca sadaphalah

Balam vilvaphalam vilvakarkati vilvapesika" (Bha'pra.)l

"*'rcE-drRild qd 5qtJtr{frn-f-( rEr-dra$rdil +edt oWurw qFH: llqrffi 6s-drilT{FEfr ffiRrry tqro fr€sd qrfr *qi crq-i s3: rrqqrdwi ogft{'ti fa-qt eId6sIT6t t.r*i go fr*i q'(sdr lFcrmcl ttffi fqqrr+t egt e-f{crrry-( t- (ql.e.)

[" 6{phalastuvarastikto grahi rukgolgni pittakrt

Vata5leSmaharo balyo laghuruqrlasca pacanah

Grahini kaphavatama5[laghani vilvapesika

Balam vilvaphalar.n grahi dipanar.n pacanar.n ka!u

Kagayognam laghusnigdhar.n tiktar.n vatakaphapaham

Pakvam guru tlidosar.n syad duflaram putimerutam

Vidahi visJambhakaram madhuram vahnimandyakrt" (Bha.pfa.)l

fq€q cgt 6fl, +,qrM 6FlK, I

ffi lrr+1 sq1, ffi6ft465: q;g: tl

I€: Ilrd{iffit q qrmdqn{fto r

ero fu€q?i fu*i W t-ai q {q+( ttqr6s qrirs' fu og rfu e qaq( 1

@ t tre"i E q-o dei qrfr i!{{qEffi( |

k'd q +g frwi q soi q og *r-+1rrqr+* +q-*drq qwr+ eceFqt tl-fi AGi Er6+.t cg{ 1u {qq ttfqqnr+rfr ffiwi qrm +.9 ?lqa( |

5S{ srffii qfqtrag( xfrfqtrct rrtq-€1-d E eg{ trArr€ftTlf3-( te€ T-rd{t qrc6,qk{R iT{F5'111

&

* F;ir E-dtmrrvrfirFr q t" (tr.{.)* rir'.=i, - ao h u ro hrdyah kasayoqno ruci p;'adal]

itsi :'i^axo rukSah pittalastiktakah katuh

1t r =Z:a^'aKarfta ca vAtAtisarajufiha?;-z- , vaphalam snigdham guru rucyam ca dipanam

l'anakam pacakar.n tiktam laghu cognam ca tuvaram

Su I amavatag rahanikaphatisaranasanar.nTarunam tu phalar.n vailvar.n grahl tuvaramamlakamSnigdhar.n ca kalu tiksnar.n ca usnam ca laghu dlpanam

Pacakam kaphavayvosca nasakam hfdayapnyamPakvam vailvar.n dahakaram madhuram guru tuvaram

Vislambhakari ti ktosnar.n g rah kary katu doSa! am

Du;'jaram vatalam cagnimandyakrt rsibhirmatam

Vilvamr.rlam tu madhuram tridosacchaldisulanutLaghu k;'cchlaharam vatakaphapittasya nadakar.n

Paqani grahakAni syurvatanasakarani ca" (Ni.ra.)l

fr-€{o fui sffiq qg< og tidfl"ut g v.o eto ftT'd riTIR E1q-+{ rr

{4ffi freli qlil+-wrr6( tffi dqed cg{rj{{i W rlffi tqe-nr+i dq-aq 1Fcqroq tq fr I[" Vi lvam u lar.n tridosag h nam cha!'d i ghnam madhura6 laghuVisalya tu phalar.n bAlam snigdham sangrahi dipanamKatuti ktakagayoqnam tiksnap vatakaphapahamVidyattadeva sampakvam madhuranurasam guruVidahi vistambhakaram dosahft putimarutar.n" (Dha.ni.)l

id-€-€q qgit 6s' +.qrq, trflfu( I€, t+q-q{frgRd €ffifiqq, q1, 11fr€{o ffiqEi qgt og sril{E Ivei q +}l7i fu'*i W *16 {q41ttntq qni Ri qgt vr+i Io t

riqrfr q Rsitl-( r" ({r.fr.)

["Vilvastu madhuro hrdyah kagyah pittajid guruhKaphajvaratisaraghnl rucikrddlpanah parahVilvamulam tridosaghnam madhuram laghu vatanutPhalam tu komalam snigdha1n guru sarngrahi dTpanamTadeva pakvam vijfreyam madhurar.n sarasam guruKat uti ktakasayoqnam sanrgrahi ca tridosat it " (Ra. ni.)l

"{o-€-ffiqoqoG-s ura, {o-orq qrafua+,

{o-drrlaFrdR, {5 q{rj q16ffi q6q,1"

[MIlatvakpatfabalaphaladikan grahyam, m0lakasjam grahyamityeke,

65

mrilatvaggrahyamityapare, mulam samagram grahyamiti bahavah")

"a,)qgdo'lcm;oscorc1c8 ocruo d,dl'Joldoorcr;a,onojco)Lol(mocno;"demo rOdg'laer;o;roulo"gqeflg;" (.rojc(rua,ccu66Bsa a,9ja0)cocoroolcn;. oJ6rDo." (ol.or.)

[" Krlwal attinnu!everin rasam kaccucavarttatuKaphavataplasamanamuglar.n chaydd i kku m uttamamlkkilum svasakasannalkgayarogattinum gunam". (Gu.pa.)l

Remarks : It is worth mentioning here that it is the pulp of the tender bael fruitthat is to be used wherever the terms balavilvary, vilvakarkati vilvapeiika,vilvamaddhyam, vilvamajja and vilvaialatl are mentioned in theformulations.

66

Coll. No. AVS 1062

Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss. ex SchultesAmaranthace ae (ausfrq -E-da

Distribution : Throughout India' in waste landsThe plant : An erect or prostrate, many branched undershrub, 30 - 60 cm

in height, woolly, tomentose throughout; leaves simple, alternate,

short-petioled, densely tomentose. usually smaller in the flowering

branches; flowers very small, sessile, bisexual, greenish or hoary-

white, often clustered in spikes, perianth calycine membranous, five

free, filaments of the five stamens connate at the base with

alternating linear staminodes; fruits greenish, roundish, compressed

utricle; seeds kidney shaped with shining black, coriaceous testa.

Parts used : whole Plantproperties and uses : The plant is astringent, bitter, cooling, emollient,

vermifuge, suppurative, diuretic and lithontriptic. It is useful to treat

boils, cephalalgia, cough, strangury and lithiasis'

"r< rrtrwrrq<r a €ngd q qk{,l r" (Fl.)

['Bhadra gorakSagafria ca 6vetapuspl ca bhadrika" (Sva')]

r<firwfr lfur q<r fqsa€Fwq r" (e.fr.)f'Raktapittahari Sita bhadra krcchlap;'amehajit" (Hr.pri.)l

"tinvtrgt g+a nt6<tud q Aq{n q{gwrff |6fficirfrqrytrrdtlqsqfi-{Rrn FIq l- (q.1.fr.)

f Goiakgganja tuvara satikta

HinKan

Mal

Chaya, G6rakhgafr je (d-qT, trrurn-sqr)Bilihindis6ppu (a9boad.rxq)

Cerula, Ceruv0la, CeruP[la(orlolg, orlolol]g' o'lolollg)

Bhadra (r[(T)

C eru p r.r I ai ( Gt+CILr+cnen )

Pindicettu (3oelup)

San

Tam

Tel

67

Aerva lanata

68

laghvi ca tikgna paramusnavirya

KaphapittahmmutravirecaniyaprabhavatojpyasmarinaSani syat,, (Dra. gu.vi.)l

Remarks: Both ' Indian Medicinal plants' and Nadkarni 's 'Materia Medica, give

the Sanskrit name aimabheda to Aerva lanata. But in Kerala a{mabheda isidentified as Rotula aquatica (kailirvanci) and bhadra and bhaclrika asAerva lanata. The practice of using this by some as one of the drugs ofbyhatldvayam(solanum indicum and, s. surattense) should not be encourasedpending further investigations.

69

Coll. No. AVS 2449

Agaricus campestris Linn. ex Fries(Psalliota campestris (Linn.) Fr.)

A garicace ae (s;ttn{o{)

Distribution : Throughout India, on dead organic matterThe plant : The fungus appears as buttons on the surface of the ground

when young; when mature it has underground rhizomorphs, acylindrical aerial stipe bearing an annulus and an umbrella-shapedfleshy pileus. On the undersurface of the pileus, there are many

radiating plate-l ike gil ls.Parts used : whole plant.Properties and uses : The fungus is sweet, cooling, indigestible, laxative,

aphrodisiac and tonic. It is useful in ophthalmopathy, nasitis,hydrocele, paralysis, hepatodynia, constipation, seminal weakness

and general debil ity.

"sfii ddqli {116 Tk€=i ffi+r+'( |

m|ipffiS gwftg a il('r+( 1" (q1.c.)

[" Uktam sansvedajar.n 5akam bh[m icchan narp Silind hlakar.n

KsitigomayakaSthequ vrksadigu ca tad bhavet" (Bha.pfa.)l

"q+6i Tfir+-<i 1firwta{a u*+, rqt;<, $rffia, firrd+i w++ qq rr' (d.fr.)["salpacchatram bh0mikando bhumisphota:ica chatrakah

Bhukandah prthivisphotah riiilndhfam kavakam smdarn" (Kai.ni.)l

"*g {frcw {frdl, E}qail frfuors-q i r

@t tS61, qqp5ffi1-qwvrr*, r

70

EngHinMalSanTamTel

Mushroom, Common mushroomKumbi, Kumi, Sampakichatri (td, tffi, vrqffi)KOn 1a3enE)Chatrakah, BhUchatra (B;FF,, TSTI)Naikkutai (pnurrigcsu)

Kukkagodugu (ss6x-*oru)

Agaricus campestr is

gs"*;?"-J-"';T*

'f"t

fajte 5 I

v.s. of fruit bod,;

,ffi'

qrfd-dr*,trR g, Nrfr ffidT n" (cr.e.)f'Safve sarirsvedajah Sitah dosalah picchilasca teGuravaschardyatisarajvarasl esmamayapradahSvetah 5u bhrasthalikasJhavansagovpjasarirbhavahNatidosakaraste syuh Segastebhyo vigarhitah,, (Bha. pra.)l

"Ts-<i qgn qEfr E-id seil H 15, r5-dt ic-+r AS MJicFiu-a, rrg<q gq{ v* +g ee-qgfrv-q rsffiq qqlqlqlq'aqkrq, 11

Tdq: dcRs-{q v+iqqdtrcT: I$sT-ffi{ g rdirvffiq rr{t cr+ u eg{ Tssr furs:ro11dd go ffi g r*i wrq€a.rdq-( lr" (+.fr.)f'Bhukando madhuro vrsyo balyo rukso himo gururrDularo bhedano mrtsno rocanojtitridosalahKsudrajam tuvaram pake katu tadvat puriEajamSarpachatrakavafl yastu bahvyonyaschatrajatayahGuryyah pinasakatryastu sarvadosaprakopanahKaphakrcchitaviryam tu sarvadosavivarddhanamRase pake ca madhuram gur0snar.n krsnachatrakamSvetanr gurum vipake tu raktam syat svalpadogakrt,, (Kai.ni.)l

"Tryi {fdai +eri Io t* trRisk( r" (c.cr.fi.)f ' Bh ucchatrar.n sital am balyam guru bhed i tridosai it', (Ma. pa. ni.)l

"Vfl-a qeqr gM l€*q.qi{t cg: IF'Mrfr qE1 5l5-q1 s rrdr Ei, rlfrqp:1q' {{f@ffi: *-il rws-q !tr$, t

TFn {d s q+ s cgiqr !5: €fdr tldn g ctsrs.ro e {-d wrc.rnrcr t' (fr.{.)['Sita balya sune5ani gururlchedakara madhuhTridogakarini vrsya kaphada ca mata budhaihBhedastrayah samakhyatah kpno rakta6ca pandurafr

[Rna rase ca pake ca madhurosna guruh smrtaSveta tu pakakale ca gurvi raktalpadoSada', (Ni.ra.)l

I J

Coll. No. AVS 2269

Ageratum cony zoides Linn.

A st e race ae ( T-g-'rRTc -1oQ

EngHinKanMalSanTam

Goat weed, Appa tVisad6di (ffi)

Nayitulasi (a-oolu3:s;

Kattappa, Appa, N

Visamusjih (tsqfi

P0mpullu (gLbqoi;

Appa grass

uddD${:,)

\ppa, Muriyan pacca (ec5g' ctog' alo1cornO ^rd)

1fuv5fu,)+Lbqubg)

Distribution : Throughout Indra. in plains and hil ls and in forests as

undergrowthThe plants : A softly hairy annual weed upto 90 cm in height; leaves

opposite or the upper ones alternate, more or less hairy on both

sides, margins cil iate; f lowers pale in heads, pappus of 5-scales,

dilated at the base almost equall ing the corolla; fruits achenes, black

in colour, 5-angled and attenuated at the base'

Parts used : roots. IeavesProperties and uses : The roots are bitter, acrid' thermogenic' digestive,

lithontriptic, appetiser and ophthalmic. They are useful in vitiated

conditions of kapha and vdta, dyspepsia, anorexia, purulent

ophthalmia. renal and vesical calculi and pharyngopathy. The leaves

are styptic and antidysenteric, and are commonly used for

haemorrhoids, wounds and sores. A poultice of the leaves is good for

boils and the juice is used as a lotion for eyes. The tribals make use

of the iuice for treating fresh cuts and wounds.

"frq5fu, +{rtfu, ggfutEgfu+, tgqdrkgqrgd qfu' q*qfqq qf,, tt" (rr.fr.)

["Visamuslih keSamugti h sumust i ranum usJi kah

Ksupadodisamayuktci muStih pancabhidhah smrtah" (Ra.ni') l

'frq5fu, q"3ftd-d frq{' *.s-{rfr6( trat r*fiffiffislrfi l" (n.tr.)

1 A

nyzoides

H#Ageratum co

Winf lorescence

75

I

["ViSamusjih katustikto dipanah kaphavatahrt rK'anthamayaharo rucy6 raktapittArttidahakrt" (Ra.ni.)l il

"a,cggon1<nmjmtlrm;" mrm; agtiaqcu(d)coo(0o." (<nl.dc.) t

[" Kallappayari5assinnum nannu durddevataharar.n " (Gu. pa.)l

Remarks : In treatises like 'Sahaslayogu(n', kattappa(Ageratum conyzoides) is theMalayalam name given for vi;amusti. In many'Materia Medicas', vi;amu;1iis interpreted as kdfikirarT (Strychnos nux-vomica). But, being highlypoisonous, it is not advisable to use this plant as an ingredient of

Surasadigana and Silarighrtarn. Anyhow, in Kerala A. conyzoide.r is used as

visamusti.

76

Coll. No. AVS 1964

Alangium salvifulium (Linn. f.) Wang.Al an giace ae ( erQqilO -SOIQ

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Sage-leaved alangiumAngol, Dhera, Dhela (3rq+to, e{r, eor)An kdlamara (uod,ue;eoo)Ankolam, Velittondi, Al innil( Groco, celo, cojelloom c erre'I, <aro elaorrrloE )Ankolaf , Ankodah ( }I{.thtO:, erqt'1g, IAlangi (gl16unrlGl)Ankolamu, 0dugucettu (erofersr:. Aidtui?)

Distribution : In the forests of south IndiaThe plant : A small deciduous free or shrub, armed or notl leaves

alternate. usually unequal at the base; f lowers white or yellowish-white. fragrant, in axil lary fascicles: fruits 1-2 seeded berries crownedby the calyx lobes, yellowish or red when ripe.

Parts used: roots. fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are acrid, astringent, emollient,

anthelmintic, thermogenic, diuretic and purgative. Root bark is anantidote for several poisons. The roots are useful for externa,application in acute case of rheumatism, leprosy and inflammationand for external and internal application in case of bites of rabiddogs. Fruits are sweet, cooling and purgative, and are useful intreating burning sensation and haemorrhages.

ei-qfro: +MI H tffir flffio+, rffiIffis-(ffi qRl (3r.c.)

["Ankolah kolako reci reciko dirghakilakahPitasarastamraphalo vigalit secano bhavet" (A.ma.)l

"sf,qsto: drdir H r1*-ir Fr+le*, rfR+€t ffi {d zlarfuor rr

ilI qid-ffil lqqzrd6: Idro, d6q6d{-q rr-qgqrq ftq1, ls

ffiorrf{q qMlw qa, r" ({r.fr.)

["Ankolah kotharo reci gudhapatro nikocakahGuptasneho pTtasaro madano gudhamallikaPitastamraphato I neyo dTrghakalo g unadhyakah

77

Alangium salvifolium

qfruit

78

Kolah kolambakarnasca gandhapuspasca rocanahVijfr anatailagarlcha6ca smrtisamkhyabhidha smrtal.r,' (Ra.ni.)l

srq+1ss, 63deq: ftp$wpqqt og, Ifqa, SfoqsrrgM+vrver rr

@ra-sd {irildi HrS q7;ffi grui 5s rrded frtqi qnFrt-fl€elqTsfc-( r

["Ankodakah katustiksnah snigdhosnastuvaro laghuhRecanah krmisulamasophagrahavisapahaVisarpakaphapittasramusi kahivisapahaTatphalam sitalam svadul',r Slesmaghnam brmhanam guruBalyam virecanam vatapittadahaksayasrajit" (Bha.pra.)l

"erq+to: fuiffipfrw1, qg+1 qrc{r{H, I

5;-qrrqEs 6ft q5qtrfuvrv-r, rrW€:(iqril(+q 6uEqr qils 1irr{, t' (q.fr.)["Ankolah snigdhatiksnosnah katuko vatanasananKukkurakhuvisam hanti grahajantuvisapahahBhutahrt visahrt caiva kanthya sutasya sodhanah,' (Dha.ni.)l

1r;ffi{ srq+iffiTk( r" (s.{.)

[" Slesmalam guruvist ambhi cankodaphalamagnijit,, (Ca.sam.)]

qr qrrt*q 5fu-a, Icndqr+{fir, q-qtqhq{r{n, l (3{.F.)

["Ankolamulakalko va bastamatrena kalkitahPanalepanayoryuktah sarvakhuvisanAsanah" (A.hr.)l

3dqfro: 6gq, furS fuv-qlrfcirq-gq r+'mlfr66' q-dqfE<-fitdfrq-+, l ({.F.)

["Ankolah kat ukah snigdho visalutadidosanutKaphanilaharah sr-ltasuddhikrt recaniyakah" (Ra.ni.)l

{d qrfuo.t{qriq ffiqq-qtq6, t

@ r ltqrfrqffi, ,qFTrqfSq;WH, I3idGq+-ffidmi q wrtq tlf$ra{-swr+it *i qrs ! {fl-d-d{ |qrdqft4-sr R6 qrtr{qr€ffi'{ T6 tl{n cr+ a egi qsgqo.s-{-(vq Ifu.i E"i s Er€d qraftqrqrqt{ rr.tred n+ ftii ffi +E ilTra-( | (fr.{.)

['Raso vantikarascasya visadosakaphapahahVata60la6ophakrmigrapldamapittaha

9

Raktadosavisaroaghnah svanakhuvisanaSanah

l: : -, saxatisr.rlamatisaram ca na5ayet= -capidadamano bijar.n casya tu siltalamlratuvrddhikaram svadu cagnimandyakaram guruRase pake tu madhuram balakrtkaphakrtsaramSnigdham vrcyam ca dahaghnam vatapittaksayapahamRaktadosam kapham pittam visarpam caiva nasayet,, (Ni.ra.)l

80

8.S.1 (5.C.) 40772

Albizia lebbeck (Linn.) Benth.Mimosaceae (qF-E@{)

Distribution : Throughout India, in moist, teak-bearing forests, alsocultivated

The plant: A medium to large sized unarmed deciduous tree about 20 min height with an umbrella-shaped crown and grey to dark brownrough irregularly cracked bark; leaves abruptly bipinnate, mainrachis with alarge gland above the base and one below the upper-most pair of pinnae, pinnae 2 - 4 pairs, leaflets ,5 - 9 pairs with glandsbetween their bases, the lateral ones elliptic-oblong, the two terminalovate-oblong, all unequal sided; flowers white, fragrant, in globoseumbellate heads; fruits long, characteristic pods, bluntly pointed,thin, pale yellow, smooth, shiny, reticulately veined above the seed;seeds 4 - 12, pale brown. ellipsoid, oblong, compressed.

Parts used : bark, flowers, seeds

Properties and uses : The bark is astringent, bitter, acrid, sweet, mildlythermogenic, expectorant, aphrodisiac. anti-inflammatory anodyne,cephalic, ophthalmic, depurative, restorative and tonic. It is useful invitiated conditions of. pitta and kapha, cough and catarrh, asthma,enlarged cervical glands, ophthalmopathy, nyctalopia, strengtheninggums, scrofula, skin eruptions, leprosy, leucoderma, sprains, wounds,ulcers, neuralgia, inflammations, erysipelas, diarrhoea and all typesof poisoning. It is also used as a dentifrice in odontopathy. Theflowers are useful in chronic cough and bronchitis. The seeds areuseful in inflammations. scrofula, skin diseases, leprosy, leucoderma,chronic catarrh, seminal weakness, ophthalmopathy and poisoning.

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Siris treeSiri., siri. (mg, fufrq)B6gemara (?,ftrldrd)Nenmen ivaka, Vaka lornccocnlooa,,dirig"n,.Bn"noi (ffiq,, qu-S)Vakai, Siridar.n (orncos, OrfgLb)Dirisana (EoK)J)

OICAr)

81

Albizia lebbeck

82

"ftffi qggwsa grgd qm&-n, rq,Si roorqSevq qggtn fqqlq€, tt (q.F.)

[" Si r'iso madhupuspa5ca vrttapuspo su kapriyahBhandi sukabhapuspa6ca caksupuspo visapahah" (Ma.ni.)l

"ffiq, fs6gqgq rfisqit ISIEq?F: I

{-+d sfrgql-s fuscar {gqs tls((r4s: {s-ffiidr dq{EwF: I+4-aq, sfirqrfq {lp[g: gq@wo, ttqgsqeqr qq1w, qqEvtr{.rq, t" ({.fr.)

['Sirisah sitapugpadca bhandiko mldupugpakahSukeEto barhipuspa6ca visahanta supugpakahUddanakah 5ukatarurjneyo loma6apuspakahKapitanah kalinga5ca 6yamalah 6ankhiniphalahMadhupugpastatha vrttapuspah saptadasahvayah" (Ra.ni.)l

ffirrq,t{ffiqT ffiT tsrn il qgt {q' tt" (c.fr.)

[" Kaphapittahara6caiva visavranavisodhanahSitaviryo visarpaghno sirigo madhuro rasah" (Ma.ni.)l

'ftrfr* qgftJ1wfutrrq T+t og' r

ffi, ;61qqvJfuqq5, tt" (r{I.Y.)

["Siriso madhurojnusnastikta6ca tuvaro laghuhDosa6osavisarpaghnah kasavranavisapahah" (Bha.pfa.)l

"ftrffiBqaffitog r

ffiq, tso.qrawtieqpF5pr6l I | (q.fr . )["Ti ktosno visaha varnyastridosa6amano laghu hSirlsah kust hakandughnastvagdosa5vasakasaha" (Dha.ni.)l

'ffiq\ 696, {ffi fuq-qm6{, q{, t

IT|c'qR56+Tq i frq;q-6, r" ({I.fr.)

["Siriso katukah 5ito visavatanarah parahPamasrkkusthakandutitvagdoganam vinasakah" (Ra.ni.)l

"tsrfrm q$fu*l: €frTrEqiI oE' Iffi drffiqq-*uq ir" (*.fr.;

[" Si riso,.nad h u roJnugnah sati ktastuvaro lag h unN i hantl dogavisalpasophak-savi gavranan " (Kai. ni.)l

'Rrtqii@r(rn.tr.)

["Sirisolrsovisasvedatvagrukcchophavisarpanut" (Sa.ni.)]

83

"ffii issqn" (s.{i.q.r\)["Sirlso visaghnanam " (Ca.sam.Su.25.)]

"..........ocDc(D(rfloioriaerlg g ol Jdogloaeloo'locn nflaocuiaergo oL1"sl^pjcno c<g"doo.r6alcno" (o;.o_rc.)

[ " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nenmeniy iva l kkul I a prJkkal umMalattine nirodhikkum visaghanam 6lesmavarddhanam " (Gu.pa.)l

Remarks: 'The Pharmacognosy of Ayurvedic Drugs'. a Kerala universitypublication, identifies this plant as Albizia marginata Merr. and says that thisidentification is based upon the fact that this plant is seen growing in plentyin south Kerala and being used as nenmenivaka by the Ayurvedicpractit ioners. But most other Indian publications including'The AyurvedicFormulary of India' identif ies this as A. lebbeck. This species also isabundantly available throughout Kerala. Hence, it seems that A.lebbeck ismore appropriate to be used as i irt;ary.

84

Albizia odoratissima (Linn.f.) Benth.Mimosaceae ({go-tEt)

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Black sir is, SIT IS

ffiel^"1" ";ris

(tFToI

Bilvira (Aeldrc)

Pulivaka, Nellivaka, Karivaka, Kunnivaka

(.ilgilolca,, ocnglotca,, a,o'lopa,, alcrnlolca,)

Bhusirisah 11ffiv,)Karuvakai, Sitti lavakai (sqgoroo's, Opb$leuorrcos)Cinduga, Sirisi, Telsu ()oeox. ,303, der.)

Distribution : Throughout India. in areas upto an elevation of 1.5(X) mThe plant: A medium sized unarmed tree about 20 m in height with dark

coloured young shoots and grey, rough, irregularly cracked bark with

dark patchesl leaves abruptly pinnate, alternate, main rachis with agland on the upper side near its basal part and often with similarglands at the bases of the first two pairs of pinnae, leaflets unequalsided, rounded, or semicordate at base, obtuse or rounded at theapex. dark green, slightly pubescent above; f lowers white, fragrant,sessile, numerous, in small globose 5-10 or more flowered heads, incorymbiform spreading panicles; fruits shortly stalked pods, brown,slightly reticulately veined; seeds flat, yellow.

Parts used : barkProperties and uses : The bark is astringent, acrid, cooling, depurative and

expectorant, and is useful in ulcers, leprosy, skin diseases, erysipelas,cough, bronchitis, diabetes and burning sensation.

"Esr E TF{rfrq, ffiqtf1 tatfqtfr, €tfi-oT I

ro{d Sc<frs, offiTJir5-+dr tqr rr" (er.q.)t"Sfuga tu bn[sirlsan sirisafo dhvamksikah saphalaTarud h 0 mo cJ u radari kah Xaniya6irsoltid r.rrbal a i neya " (A. m a. )l

"q-sftf,€{, vfra, fuq.$4mtt{, t

TRr0m ffi, {ffi;ui q c{rwi u' (€.)

[" Kaphapittaharah sitah visavranavi5odhanahBhu6iri9o visaroaghnah naktandhye ca pra5asyate" (Sva.)l

85

Albizia odoratissima

cluster of flowers

ffi"Y

oortion of bark

86

"cnlencarom.ro a,cf)"1; r{hrDo ofl.sicDcuocDo

.-rlocmcaoc"doorofl a;erraca,;. crg.daoorirr 6 gaolo lBl(Do. " (ol.oJc. )["Nilavakarasam kaypu dipanam visana5anamPinnekkost hatti lunt akum 6lesmatte kalayum drutam " (Gu.pa.)j

87

Coll. No. AVS 2407

Allium cepa Linn.Liliaceae (r$aSoq)

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

OnionPyaj (ww)

Nirul!i(led.>€,)Cuvannul l i , CeriYa

Palanduh lqqu-g')

(;lormgggl, olerlcor gggil)

Venkayam, Trul I i (Gouralsnullb' rrqSonoifl)

Ullipaya, Ulligadda, Erragadda (*glcb. ag,\r )g:fr, i,) i- t ' _ _

Distribution : Cultivated throughout India

The plant : A biennial or perennial herb with aromatic fleshy underground

bulb; leaves l inear hollow, cylindric and fleshy; f lowers many, white

in globular umbels, spathe composed of 2-3 reflexed walls'

Thi underground bulbs which are medicinally used vary in size'

colour, shape, firmness, strength of f lavour and keeping quality'

Parts used : bulbsProperties and uses : The bulbs are acrid. sweet. aromatic, thermogenic.

antiperiodic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac' emmenagogue, emollient'

expectorant, carminative, stomachic, diuretic. anodyne and tonic.

They are useful in haemorrhoids. dysentery. f latulence. dyspepsia,

colic, jaundice, splenopathy. hepatopathy, pneumonopathy, asthma'

bronchitis, ophthalmia, vomiting, otalgia. pharyngodynia, malarial

fever. lumbago, epilepsy. tumours, wounds, paralysis. arthralgia,

leucoderma and skin diseases.

"s-fdn o$ Tfi: ToIU-g{s qop-s'Fr I

ep"il F+il Sdffi, qffifta, tt' (3{.c.)

[" Catu.rttho la6uno raktah palarldtrsca palandu kah

Vara;ro d urdano durdurnatarkah pari kirttitah" (A' ma')l

"qolu-g,deqs-<fq s-{d q g{c5sut: I

{FF-q, Tfurq ffit {urr*rm' tt

EEir F'ol--rn iqit €(sf,s, r" (r.tr.)

88

Al l ium cepa tP t . * 6 l

:

tu. s'v .s . o f bu lb

c lus te r o f bu lbs

["Pala4duh tiksnakandasca ul l i ca mukhadusanahSrJdrapriyah krmighnasca dlpano mukhagandhakahBahupatro visvagandho rocano rudrasanlriakah" (Ra.ni.)]

1ofrftit rfi-++rssir gd, rs6, q-$ {ft;i1w1, 55gff6fqtrod 11€{i +{d qrd e-6+ffii IF, I (qT.e.)

["Palandustu gunairjfreyo rasonasadr5o budhaihSvaduh pake rasenosnah kaphakrnnatipittalahHarate kevalam vatam balaviryakaro guruh" (Bha.pra.)l

.'{d;qaii qrcaqfq.c-drosC q fw-U( r3Tr6Rdr'fr sEqrs To-+$iq tfi, r" (s.Ti.{. r\r)

f 'Slesmalo marutaghnasca palandurna ca pittahrl

Aharayogi balya6ca gururvrsyoltha rocanah" (Ca.sam. Su.27)l

qrqeffimjirdor s-grs

fre{il Wcifr+-q-le-6rq rqor+t, ffilq ffiard"E{ft{ qft-qtft 11furril €fuq' RnErg-orfre-irnjrr Aqr+q-gfuffq r" tq.w.a xey[' Natyusnaviryolnilaha kat uscatiksno gururnatikaphavahascaBalavahah pittakarojtha kincitpalanduragnim parivardhayettuSnigdho rucisyah sthiradhatukaribalyoltha medhakaphapust idasca " (Su.sam.Su.46)l

"fti qoru-n{q, q-qgq+Hefwq r" (fr.{.)[" Bijar.n palandorvrsyah syaddantakltapramehaj it (N i. ra.)]

"qorlERqf{jt ffi qglg e, r6s o.ifr n ftii +q-djt{dqr{H{ l" (q.fr.)['PalandustadgunairnyIno vipake madhurastu sahKapham karoti no pittam kevalojnilana5anam" (Dha.ni.)l

"qoF-g: 69$ qEq, +uFm5t 1o, rqqgq frqa, fu'tit qA dqid{rw: l" ({r.fr.)["Palanduh katuko balya|r kaphapittaharo guruhVlgyasca rocanah snigdho vantidosavina6anah" (Ra.ni.)l

wddr {[o5-s& t" (€r.q)

[Palandurvatakaphaha SuklalA sulagulmanut' (Ha.sam.)] 9l

, vdqdt nfrfqfra: I' ffi+ofl{H, rr ($.fr.)

[" Palandustadgur.rairnyunah 5!esmalo natipittalahSvadupakarasoJnusnah kevalanilanasanal.r' (Kai.ni.)l

92

Coll. No. AVS 2408

Allium sativum Linn.Liliaceae 1qfi-4-5*1

Distribution : Cultivated throughout IndiaThe plant : A scapigerous foetid perennial herb with underground

compound bulbs covered over by outer white thin scales and withsimple, smooth, round stem. surrounded at the bottom by tubularleaf sheath; leaves simple, long, f lat, l ineart f lowers small, white inrounded umbels mixed with small bulbils, the entire umbel enclosedin a teardrop-shaped membranous spathe, f lowers usually steri le.

Parts used : bulbsProperties and uses : The bulbs are acrid, bitter, sweet, astringent, salty,

thermogenic, aperient, anodyne, oleagenous; aphrodisiac,anthelmintic, expectorant, febrifuge, diuretic, alexeteric,emmenagogue, rubefacient, stimulant, anticholesterol, antibacterial,antifungal and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha

and vata, cough, whooping cough, bronchitis, asthma, fever, facialparalysis, f latulence, colic. constipation, atonic dyspepsia,helminthiasis, duodenal ulcers, pulmonary and laryngealtuberculosis, ophthalmopathy, cardiopathy, fatigue, leucoderma,leprosy, hysteria, haemorrhoids, sciatica, otalgia, lumbago, swell ings,splenopathy, hepatopathy. pneumonopathy, arthralgia and dentalcaries.

"{r@+q Wrd cfd-dr rrdr( |

3T[d{q +'un qfi t retrerrrrm' rrtrqr {rr<R i:r<ir kssg{Id( r{RlrqTsETtUiCfu: q {€TqTt il" (3T.€.3. i3)

Eng : GarlicHin : Lasun, Lahasun (o{q, 6d-gT)

Kan : Bellulli (a3*1*J

Mal : Vel lul l i (oorgglegl)San : Lasunah, Rasonah (oqa,, ttl+,)

Tam : Vellaipuntu (Gor,iv6narLl $6rrT0)Tel : Vellulli, Tellagadda (J?9, 3gr*)

93

Allium sativum

v .s . o f bu lb

dlne bulblet

t .s. of bulb

94

[ 'Rahoramrtcauryena lunadye patita galat

Amrtasya kani bhumau te rasonatvamagat-n

Dviia nadnanti tamatd daityadehasamudbhavamSakEadamftasambhutergramanih sa rasayanam " (A.hr'U.39.)l

"qrnqd ffi q*R Wqncq I

r<r a-frJv-cqf{<, s rtrrjqeq 5fu rr- (w.e.)["Yathamrtam vainateyo jahara surasattamatTada tatojpatadbinduh sa rasonojbhavat bhuvi" (Bha.pra.)l

"q-qsiqrq {dt&Fd tMc qffia, t

d{qKdH E?Tr,il <-qrurr {s'r+Rfq il" (qT.s.)

[ 'Pancabhisca rasai.ryukto rasenamlena varjitahTasmadras6na ityukto dravyanam gunav6dibhih (Bha.pra.)l

d{Tq nfiq qr5qrr+n qdrqq{ r3TFlq} d@fiwq qqNl r+ilTs, l" (grt.c.)

["Lasunastu rasonah syadugragandho mahausadhamAristo mlecchakanda5ca yavanesto rasonakah" (Bha.pra.)]

s-3ld1-drfr {$5 if{d, q}5 qRrd, Iqrd 6qrq s{ffi qrdrq d{ot, qfr, tt

fri q qg{, ffil wwq3sr+Rl,{, 1

{tr1 q6uil qq, fta-rq)rut, tlE[[: 11{: ll

{i cr+ a rg+-+fiwit rgrziT +a, t

d-64drdil itTrkn ffi 1srq{, 11

rm*ccgnntoh-q;trgrqroffiqrt r

Fic-{B|-i-osTsq{qftqqrusn.rrs eR rr ('11.c.)

I Katukadcapi mulesu tiktah patresu samsthitahttate t<asaya uddisto n-t-gre lavanah smrtahBil6 tu madhurah prokto rasastadgunaveOiOnifrRasono bphano vrsyah snigdhoslah pacanah sarahRase pake ca katukastisno madhurako matahBalavarnakaro meOnanito net.ryo rasayanahHrd rogajlrnajvaraku ksi 6u I avi bandhagulmarucikasa6ophanDurnamakust hanalasadajantusamiranadvasakapham6ca hanti " (Bha.pra.)l

"ogn Tfldq{ilq, gg{lifi-{g: {R:

6s, +{lt 1o.{e, Pt'q ffiq{, 11qri€;';I|rfq aEzil a6fr-q55qq, I

95

@ r lqtdqrqt{qqnffiRlR eR tstc+t l" (3i.E.q.s)

[' Lasuno bhr6atiksnosnah katupakarasafr saral;l

Hfdyah ke6yo gururvrsyah sn i gd ho rocanadipanah

Bhagnasandhanakrt balyo raktapittapraduCanah

Ki lasakusl hagu lmarsomehakrm ikaphan i lan

Sahidhmapinasasvasakasan hanti rasayanam " (A'hr.Su.6)l

"fuitfwffiqq, rufrt€-dl-q

{6'lfi: FIl$I${a 4?zl, t

gwga tvrwc+Ura5-

fr+Rrr+n++t {qt{, l

frq+rgeqffiqq r

Sqiq-{BT1e€r(c-{-qfrrqqrcq'q-rrq 66 11- 1g.i.ve)

[ " Sn igd hosnatiksnal;r kat u picchila5ca

guruh sarah svadurasasca balYahV.rsya6ca medhasvaravarnacaksur-bhagnasthisandhanakaro rasonah

Hrd rogalirnajvaraku ksi6u la-

vibandhagulmarucikasasoqanDurnamakust hanalasadajantu-samiranasvasakapham6ca hanti" (Su.Su.46)l

qrddt laqql{r{, I

fr+rrrvdrrsrw qq{q o{q: +g+1 1o,rr- (q.q.l\r)

[ ' Krmikust hakilasaghno vataghno gulmana5anah

Snigdhascosna6ca vrsya6ca la5unah katuko guruh (Ca.Su'27)l

@rgd ar ffi qrdr q rai o{rr(qq rr" (3t.E.s.is)

[" Pittaraktavi nirmuktasamastavaranaJJvrteSuddhe va vidyate vayau na dravyar.n la6unat param" (A.hr.U.39)l

1fr4 3w1, *3frfro-or-qfu'dl To, eqrirjtce-€q, Iqq[q nqrs€oiqg-li'qfftN"tTli-6t: TlfiQnl: tt (S.fr .)

["Rasona ugnah ka!upicchila6casnigdho guruh svadurasojtibatyanVrsya6ca med hasvaravaPacaksu r-

bhagnasthisandhankarah sutikg4ah" (Dha.ni.)l

96

"{frot-ioroc $e, q€-+1fr m'frc.M:qmJfr eFdrd, {fl sT ffioqT r' (3r.€.s.?3)

I Silayellasunam slte. vasantejpi kapholbanahGhanodayejpi vatartah, sadA va grismalllayA" (A.hr.U'39)l

"rOrirjsrOr c sK IF*I: +.s-dr-rfl I

3tt.|;irtfr€N$q{q {srfi, r- ({.fr.)

["Rasonolmlaraso na syat gur[g4ah kaphavatanutArucikrmihrdrogasophaghnasca rasayanah (Ra.ni.)l

'rdn, sdFi vvrfr To-+ter+l wit gw'fu'd

1r;r*-*mwia rqts 6re Tic sjqfr q fiq, TFtl,gffi,gqqqg-er f;m6ffifn, I 9:1r| {=qrn 5fut -

Tdfrn l-{d qc<rfqur$ qqqfr q {oe{l-rn, l' (Tn.fr.)

["Rasonah saryanrgam prasarati marunnasakarah saro vrsyah

snigdho gururarucikAsajvaraharah. Kaphar.n kasam gulmam ksayati

ca kesyah krmiharah p;'ameharsahkusthasvayathuhara uktastva-sisirah. Prabhagne sandhAno rudhirayutapittam plakurute jvara-

vyadhidhvamsi pacayati ca s0laprasamanah (Sa.ni')l

dq'r: Hrrqly: +-"EA qdt f€, rR: I{Edfril5qq, il'({I.s.)

I Lasunah ksaramadhurah ka4Qhyo vrsyo guruh sarah

Bhagnasandhanakrdbalyo raktapittaprad[ganah" (Ra.va.)]

uU{: i6-gcn: cr+ {n ft+ttit Io, st, t

frq-lit*il qgt qd 6dt "i6qqt"-{, 11

fimrq-q-oiqfffi-ffi1-5d rqqrs;utrf-( e<r( qq-qnro@1 rr

|em.rorsq<qwgqi-ercfl-+sr1 t

fbrwif5ic€enrloriqq {srq-q r r" (*.fr .)["Lasunah katukah pAke rase snigdho gurull sarah

Tiksnogno madhuro vrsyo hrdyo brmhanapacanah

Pittas!'abalamed haksiva;'r.rake5asvarag n i krt

Bhagnasandhanakrd hanyat kaphavAtarucikrmin

H i kkakasajvaraSvasakust hamehAmapinasan

Svitfar5ogulmahrdroga6ula5ophan rasAyanam " (Kai.ni.)l

"999'166)199 cD]5IDo or,jBJo ofladorn. oJcG6, roffUo &S]

ot'lcolroa,o. micn'l<dcu" ollogj5o ca,uootoflm;. cD)6IDo

,e<.drncrucicucma,5d oJlouJo dl.trno crxeloldr,DcDo

a,'lelctruo olcDolJo o.tcco. ar5o1a,;.rdoLuca"ool1.

97

Jlrncruo a,"no6cromicruJo orccruuolscruSnucDcuocoo;

"tcr'larjocol'locn goo'l

Cdo ). ooor"-r1ororrutr oltd rzu rno

fjCcoc cnJsrDtcBogo€oc6rBlo'l(o)l(nfl oaD gaDcDo." ( (,l.ojc. )

["Ull ik]<ulla gunam h;dyap tikgrlam pAke rasar.n ka!uVirecanakaram snigdham vfgyam kesattinum gunar.n

Bhagnasandhanakrd v1gyam dipanam balavarddhanamKi lasam gulmavum vatar.n krm ikust hapramehavu r.nPinasam kaphamarsassum kAsa6vasafrca na6ayetHidhmavine Samippikkum raktapittasya vafddhanar.nOro gulannalekkontumitunalla rasayanafn" (Gu.pa.)l

9tt

Col l . No. AVS I l l6

Allophl,lus serrstus (Roxb.) KurzSapindace a. 1$fi16-5qq)

HinKanMal

SanTamTel

Tippani (frTrqrfr)

Togaratti (i::n;11)Mukkannapperuku, Mukkannanpel u, Mukkannanperera(o1doqlog@1ai, n;aoepcdc"td, o;aoenBoE oolc@o)Triputah ftrfa;Amalai (.guLlolr.*-)Eravalu ( : : , :o:)

Distr ibut ion : ' fhroughout south India and Assam hi l lsThe p lant : A smal l t ree or a large shrub wi th whi t ish bark: leaves 3- fo l ia te,

alternate. crowded at the ends of branchlets, pubescent, lcaflets-5*12.,5 cm long, ovate or ell iptic. acute or acuminate. serrate-dentate.more or less hairy on both surfaces: f lowers small. white in fascicles,on spicate axil lary racemes. stamens 8, inserted on the receptacleinside the disc; fruits smooth, globose. red whe n ripc.

Parts used : whole plantProperties and uses : The plant is astringent. bitter. sweet, anti-

inflammatory, vulnerary', digestive, carminative and constipating. It isuseful in bone fractures. dislocations. inflammations. ulcers, wounds,dyspepsia, anorexia and diarrhoea. The fruits are sweet. cooling andnourishing tonic.

"A5a >+fervn<ira.ffT{'TT Vir-dsl r" ({q.)["Triputa tryaksisakhota raktamudga sugolaka" (Sva.)]

"*qrqffrqdqg{ vTo rns-{T{nR l3{fuqq{€t ifrq-qrtrfdernr6( |u-o wg kc t-ai To *v-+qt"-q lt' (€.)

[" Kasayatiktamadhuram samulam sophanasanamAsthi bhangaharam proktamangamarddavlar;rapahamPhalam svadu himam rucyam m0lam dipanapacanam" (Sva.)l

99

Allophylus serratus

")

7

r(x)

o

I \ . :f,

'\-

Ti

E]o)

l o ll . lL I

,2o

o!(u

:t/f i i \ , i'r ,,t . . t i

ri- - i l

- . . \- \ \

- i

-I h \

oo

Coll. No. AVS 2153

Aloe barbadensri Mill.(=A.vera (Linn.) Burm.)

Liliaceae {r$r-troq)

Distribution : Cultivated or seen wild in hedge-rows in the drier parts oflndia

The plant : A coarse perennial with short stem and shallow root system;leaves fleshy in rosettes, sessile, often crowded with horny prickleson the margins, convex below, 45 - 60 cm long. tapering to a bluntpoint, surface pale green with irregular white blotches; flowersyellow or orange in racemes; fruits loculicidal capsule.

Parts used : leaf-juice, elioProperties and uses : The plant is bitter, sweet, cooling, anthelmintic,

aperient, carminative, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, stomachic,emmenagogue, ophthalmic and alexeteric. The juice is used indyspepsia, amenorrhoea, burns. colic, hyperadenosis, hepatopathy,splenopathy, skin diseases, constipation, spanomenorrhea, vitiatedconditions of vata and pitta, abdominal tumours, dropsy, carbuncles,

,sciatica, lumbago and flatulence.The elio is used for helminthiasis in children and is a purgative,

anthelmintic and emmenagogue. It is used for local application inpainful inflammations, chronic ulcers and catarrhal and purulentophthalmia.

"Eqrt Tt-s-q q Er;drr y-rt-crftoT r" (qr.e.)

["Kumari grhakanya ca kanya gh.rtakumarika" (Bha.pra.)]

'g+.< grrfr s +,:{16l dffi-*l reretfl TS,F'qt q'r*jwrjva rr

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Indian aloe, Curacao aloe, Barbados aloe, Jaffarabad aloeGhikuamr, Ghikumari (trt.lit, *gqTfr)

Kathaligida (dc_Ond)

Kaffuvala, Kaffarval.a (agloloe, a,gc6otce)Kumari, Ghrtakumari (tqrfr, Tf,5crfr)Kattal ai, S i ru kattal ai (spbgolorr, Oqqspbgcoon)Kalabanda (Se.ra:od)

103

6o-a-6c51dr *q ,1gnqr fuVos* r

dqd do"fr nqr +kor qrqfrrsqr rl

V+.-.{r rTdq-ffidlTfu{c-*l r (n.tr.)

[ 'Gfhakanya kumari ca kanyaka dirghapatrikaSthaleruha mrduh kanya bahupatralmaraljaraKantakapravrta vira bhmgesta vipulasravaVla4aghni taruni rama kapila cambudhisravaSukant aka sthuladal etyekavimsatinamaka' (Ra. ni.)l

"rJE'fi-qr ltcr fld-*-dr qErr+i *m.rqer r

ft-omEqq{E€d s {srIri r" ({r.fr.)

[ 'Grhakanya himA tikta madagandhi kaphapahaPittakAsavisa5vasakusthaghni ca rasayani " (Ra.ni.)l

"6:qr{fl-gl cg{, ticr0str{il Iq, I

|i@knq,gq{s I€ qdt tl

Erd frii Tffi ilTAffid +iffiq r" ({Tr.fr.)["Tan mad hyadando mad hu rah ku marisadrso gunai hVi6esatkrmipittaghnah puspamasya guru smdam.V-tam pittam krmimscaiva nasayediti kirttitam (Sa.ni.)l

"gqrfr q-q-n d"r id-rdr +{r {sr+fr |cTrr Td"fr e-efl qqr erdhqqul( rr

I qw@qiq rU-;r-qtrfirqffit1fftrdqTrrq-1 | t" (ril.S. )

["Kumari bhedani sita tikte netrya rasayaniMadhurd brmhani balya vrsya vatavisapranutGulmaplihayakrdvrddhikaphajvarahari bhavetGranthyagnidagdhavisphotapittaraktatvagamayan " (Bha.pra.)l

"Tcrfr yfa-dr furdr qgtr tH sn-( r+q-q{6fr 4( l

T;e4tr{flqffif,t-ffdrnqqr{ lqgqr lffi qeTr Tqr rsrq-i rr

arafirn5fuEr tcTfr-{qc TE r" (+.ft.)

I Kumari Sitala tikta madhura bhedini jayet

Gulmap[ihayakrdvrddhim kaphajvarahari haretGranthyag nidagd havisphotapittaraktatvagamayanCaksusya visavataghni balya vrsya rasayaniVatapittakrmiharam kumarikusumam guru" (Kai.ni.)l

104

"t$rs, Twrdrd r" (qI.Y.)

["Aileyakah krsnabol ah kumarisAratodbhava" (Bha. pra.)]

"Trurdrai 69 tfr-,il f66) 1sgfrraa, I{tottancqsr1qki TfrTcCr q crel\ l" ({r.fr.)

["Krsnabolah katuh sito bhedako rasasodhanahS[ladhmanakaphAn vAtam krmigulmau ca nasayet" (Ra.ni.)]

a, gcdoneor;os oJlo5o adlroroca,or;olerrerd

o,5o1coc<neanod o;dcmcaco(DG(Dcf)GocBoo

UDle]cf)lcCDCBOo A,;"'dOo O.l'l"siArCCrDdIEl CnCU0CAO(d;.

a, gcdoneco;los fftlro)o orsmlgca,lcrnlcolgollo

ojc(6) ot'l(onD 68rjo grorotldao; "

(, Jo Jolc a, ao Jo 3 erreoj

a,gctdorceor;os orJor] crdlorgo orcor jlrorolgild. (ul]."rc.)

[" Kaff arval.ayu! e vlryar.n sitamakayumunt atuKlmirogannal dupnamanetrarogabhagandaramSIlagulmodaram ku9!ham visakasafrca na5ayetKaffarval.ayut e ni rum tanuppakunnitef{avumVatapittann al ettirkkum guruvakayum u nt atuKaffarvalayute plvu 5italam vatapittajit" (Gu.pa.)]

105

Coll. No. AVS 1962

Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Willd.Zingib er ac" u" 1 en*+ -Yda

Greater galangal, Java galangal

Kulafr aj n, Ku I ifr jan (soq-r;T, 5fd-.d-s{)Doddarasagadde (Ce%oxnaJ

Aratta, Ciffaratta (ronooro, Jlgootot;

Rasna, Sugandham0la ({rFTI, {rr+r{or)Arattai, Perarattai (g){ryg*g, GuqT$cog)

Dumparastramu (::ciu*u)

Distribution : Throughout the Western Ghats, also cultivated

The plant : A perennial, aromatic, rhizomatous herb. 1 .8 - 2.1 m in height;

leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, very shortly petioled,

ligule short, rounded, ciliate; flowers fragrant, greenish white with

red veined lips, in dense panicles; fruits capsules orange red when

ripe.Parts used: rhizomesProperties and uses : The rhizomes are bitter, acrid. thermogenic'

aromatic, nervine tonic, stimulant, revulsive, carminative, stomachic,

disinfectant, aphrodisiac, expectorant, bronchodi latoq febrifuge,

anti-inflammatory and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of

vata and kapha, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammations, stomatopathy,

pharyngopathy, cough, asthma, bronchitis, hiccough, dyspepsia,

stomactraigia, obesity, diabetes, cephalalgia, tubercular glands and

intermittent fevers.

"{rsr gfir(sr RT4zrgr ffi rgl g<t t

{-{6r grl"ldlfor tsl sr Trxfirgd ifr rt" (q.c.) _fnasna yuktarasa syacchreyasya 6leyasi rasa yukta

Suvaha sugandhamula rasya sa gandhanakuli ceti" (A'ma')l

"{R4r gffi{qr {gI g{6T {Sil t$ |

wc"fi s gw gq:qr ffi dql ll' (qr.l.)

["Rasna yuktarasi rasya suvaha rasana rasa

ifapami ca surasa sugandha s.reyasi tatha ' (Bha'pfa)l

106

Eng

HinKan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

Alpinia galanga

107

"ffi fficg finlfu-ct tffi fqre-fl€qi rrq ffi rr" (q.fr.)["Visesadvatarogaghni tailadisu niyoj itaVisaghni svasakasaghni rasna hikkanivarani (Ma.ni.)l

tdfdr I€wrT ocFqrdfud I

@ r l*msqtffiFcqrfd-*lqqt6q€( r" (qT.e. )

["Rasnamapacani t ikta gurugna kaphavatajit

Sophasvasasami rasravatasI lod arapaha

Kasajvaravisasitivati kamayahid hmahrt" (Bha.pra.)l

{rsr IEfq ftffi,ilsun ffia r

cre-fi r (q.fr.)I R-sna gurusca tiktosna vigavatasrakasajit

Sophakampodarasl esmasamanyamasya pacani " (Dha. ni.)]

"rmr ic+m lt;ra}6urt qt-aqqffi Iqrdr+d fEs {Ef{i +-Fi q feqqEr{ rr

{ilq M q-T{ri {s vp ffiq rqi +-Ei *< q {-dt-{sr-dw-u cwi( rr" (vn.fr.)

[" Rasna ti ktA guruscos;ra pacanyamavinasinT

Vataraktam visam svasam kasam ca visamajvaram

Sopham hikkam camavAtam kapham sulam vinasayet

Jvaram kampam codaram ca sarvan vatamsca nasayet' (SA.ni.)]

"rrsr irqm q''qkt-a r

i + t f r@t t

frerwframqmqqr ertelffir q r" (d.fr.)["Rasna tikta gurusnamapacani kaphapittahaN ihanti sophavatasrasvasakasavisajvaranHidhmasitamavatadhyA vatasulodarani ca (Kai.ni.)l

"{eirqT qtq r" rfi.fr.t["RasnosnA vatasophamavatavAtamayan jayet" (So.ni.)]

" rcroororoor;.d6mocacD]g g) rJl.LcDo a,.norcorgild. " 1<n;."-rc. I

["Arattayusnamayui I u dipananr kaplravaraji i" (Gu.pa.)]

Remarks: 'Tire Ayurvedic Formularv of inciia identiiies rasna as Pluchealanceolato C.B.Clarke and recommentls Alpinia gaiangu (L.)Willd. as asubsti iute for it specifyrng the parts to be used in dilferent formulations. In'Drarvagunavijnan' Prof.PVSharma (i983) also uses the same identif icationAccording to him it is the leaf rvhich is to be used in different formulations.

I tr6

'The Glossary of Vegetable Drugs in Brhattrayi ' . however. advises us to usethe root and mentions that i t is A.galanga which is being used as a substi tutefor this drug in south India. I t also adds that the synonvms of rasna such aselapani, rasna, l,uktarasa and gandhamila are appropriate for PlucheaIanceolata and warns us against using Vizrrda roxbur.ghii and such otherorchids.

On the contrarv. Wealth of India. and Indian Medicinal Plants' identi fvrasna and its synonl'ms as Vanda tessellata ll'.ro,rburghiil. For Pluchealanceolata the former gives rasna as i ts Sanskri t name. Both these attr ibuteIo Vanda tessel lata al l the propert ies and uses mentioned in Ayurvedic textsfor rasna. However, while'Wealth of India' recommends the whole plant ofPlucheo lanceolata for medicinal purposes, ' lndian Medicinal Plants used inAyurvedic preparations' (A.C.Dey. 1980) also identi f ies rasna asVandatessellata.

While Dr A. Lakshmipathi (1946) in '1tD useful Drugs' identi f ies rasna asanother variety of Alpinia species. Alpinia o.ff icinarum, Dr A.Nesamani inhis'Ausadhasasyannal ' considers this as st i l l another species i .e.A.calcuruta. 'Bhavaprakasanighantu' gives three Latin names for rasnaviz..Plucheu lunceolato, Inula racemosa andVanda roxburghii. Again'Sal igramanighantu bhusanam' identi f ies rasna as Vanda roxburghi i orPluchea lanceolata. Shri K.M.Vaidya in his'Astangahrdayakosam' usesVanda roxburgftli as its Latin name.

In recent publications it is seen reported that Pluchea lanceolata, Vandaroxburghii and Alpinia galang,a, all have antirheumatic properties and thatfrom experimental studies it has been proved that Plauchea lanceolataismore effective than the others as a drug for rheumatic complaints.

I t has to be poin_ted out, however. that the descript ions of the plant rcsnamentioned by the Acaryas in the ancient texts have no similari t ies to Vandatessellata.

Pluchea lanceolata which is abundantly available in north India is not atal l seen in south India. Though the'Glossary of Vegetable Drugs in

Brhattrayi' mentions that many of the synonyms given for rasna areappropriate for P lanceolafa, we have to point out that the words

sugttndhamila and ilaparni which have certain particular connotations aremore appropriate to Alpinia galanga than to Pluchea lanceolata.

' Indian Medicinal Plants' , 'Materia Medica' (K.M. Nadkarni) arid'Wealth

of India' identify a plant with the Sanskrit name kulafijana as Alpiniagalanga. But 'Bhavaprakasam''Rdjanigha4lu' and'Nighanturatnakaram'

mention rasna and kulafijana as two different plants and give them differentproperties. The following quotations frorn them will make this clear :

109

't-d-.d-Sr l-*T{o{q tre{r{Fi to{sn: I

5;d{q ogfudsil {q-n g€-nu-f( r" ({.fr.)

["Kulafrjo gandhamula5ca tikglamrllah kulanianaf-tKulafrjah katutiktosno dipano mukhadoganut" (Ra.ni.)l

"tfu.ilqc WRa-4?igEI e.fiaq-frq-q t

F-"i wd q 6€i s geoo-6fuqftgq 11

t€-dq *.s {qri *ld eki gs qn-( t

qiceTRfr qa1rr" tfr.r.)

[" Kul i fr janam kat ustiktam ugr.ra1n cag n i pradipanam

Rucyar.n svaryam ca hrdyar.n ca mukhakanthavisuddhikrtMukhadogam kapham 5vasar.n kasar.n vAtam dhruvam jayet

Brhatkuslhagunairjfr eyam ny[namasmaditi smrtam " (Ni.ra.)]

q k*qro.wfir*-{E t

gH.d-4-fr wqr emu-d5q{inrfi rr

e1wRl, grr+Tr sr(dfr dTgun qm r" (111.9.)

[" sugandhapyugragandha ca visesatkaphakAsanutSusvaratvakari rucya hrtka4!hamukhasodhaniSthulagranthih sugandha syat tato hinaguna smfta" (Bha.pra.)l

The Kerala publ icat ions l ike 'Osadhin ighanlu . 'Avurvedavi ivakoiam' and'sanskrit-Malayalam Dictionary' (Kanippayoor Sankaran Nambudirippad)give the Malayalam terms citi'aratta and peraratta for nakuli andgandhanakuli. respectively. AmarakoSa. of course. gives these two synonymsfor rasna. On the other hand the Commentaries on 'Bhavaprakadani

,Rajanighantu' etc., identify. nakuli as Rauvolfia serpentinu (cuvanna

amalpori). The author of 'Dravyagunavijnan'. however. identif ies, nakull as

A risto loc hia indic u ( kara I alt arn ).Though there is such a lot of confusion in the identity of this plant, in

Kerala the rhizome of. Alpinia galanga is used as raln a Besides, A.galanga,two other species of the plant A.calcarata and A.malaccensis are available inplenty in the market. They are known as peroratta in Malayalam and theirrhizomes are also used in the formulations.

1 1 0

Coll. No. AVS 2064

Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R.Br.Apocynaceae ($FI-$Oq2

Distribution: Throughout lndia,in deciduous and evergreen foresls, also inplains

The plant: A large evergreen tree upto 3.0 m in height with a straight often

fluted and buttressed bole, about 110 cm in diameter, bark greyish

brown, rough, lenticellate abounding in bitter,milky latex; leaves 4-7

in a whorl, coriaceous, ell iptic-oblong, pale beneath; f lowers small,greenish white, numerous in umbellate panicles, corolla tube short,very strongly scented; fruits foll icles,30*60 cm long; seeds papil lose

with brownish hair at each end.Parts used: bark, leaves, milky exudateProperties and uses: The bark is bitter. astringent, acrid. thermogenic,

digestive, laxative, anthelmintic, febrifuge, antipyretic, depurative'galactagogue. stomachic, cardiotonic and tonic. It is useful in fevers,

malarial fevers. abdominal disorders, diarrhoea. dysentery,dyspepsia, leprosy. skin diseases. pruritus. tumours. chronic and foul

ulcers. asthma. bronchitis. cardiopathy, helminthiasis, agalactia and

debil ity. The tender leaves in the form of poultice are good for ulcers

with foul discharges. The milky exudate is bitter and is good for

ulcers. vit iated conditions of vata and otalgia.

"{w;6'dl I€Eq: rr-quit Teafu, t

TrqTqoi: TrqFl-{: {e[f{6f: TlqrriffF: tl

ffi, furqqui'{q Fdftfr gqdrd, I

Y6€Fft f.fcqrd: qrd, qffi' ll" (3r.{.)

1 1 1

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Devil tree, Shaitan woodChattiyan, Saittan ka jat (grfu+tq, ltflH sT qa)

Hdle (aoej)

et itampata, Yaksippala, Pala, Daivappala(o6v1et.arcel ola'v'lgceL, oJcQJ' oooojgcej)

Saptapamah, Saptachadah (qqqq', TIRId(')El i lappalai, Palai (oy g5lor;Lltlfrco6D, unoocr;)Phalagaruda, Ed6kularaticettu, EOakulaphala(:,:onua. 5c"se;oJl"3 Sass'p..:)

Alstonia scholaris

v.s. of f lower

t -

l oj s

t12

[" Saptacchado gucchapuspah satapuspo blhacchavih

Saptapa;'pah saptapatrah saptahvah saptasamlnakah

Sriparnah snigdhapamasca sarvaksiri suvarnakah

Brhattvagiti vikhyatah Sabdaih paryayavacakaih (A.ma.)l

"v.aqfr tdrne-d-{ rncd Ase-6<, r' (.lt.s.)

[ 'saptaparno visalatvak sarado visamacchadah " (Bha. pra.)]

"{Fdqoi: qr-dui, {kqd: gsfs: Iqq-6-+ 5f{6q ll

qt-eq +5qti{s 6q1 qpsqfusa6, Iqfl;tn rrFrqd ffii eqfsTfrn, l " ({.fr.)

["saptaparnaf.r patrava4ah 6uktiparnah supamakah

Saptacchado gucchapuspolyugmaparno municchadah

Brhattvak bahuparnasca tatha salmalipatrakahMadagandho gandhiparno vijneyo vankibhumitah (Ra.ni') l

'5q,qqslTq-fr ffiqr( d'Riqc' I

ft+a, *.qrlT1re qqq+ rf,dqi'lar{: rr" (q.fr.)

[" Kust hajvaraprasamano visesAt vranasodhanahTiktah kasayanurasah saptahvo raktasodhanah (Ma.ni.)l

"{caqfr eq-rdqem{Elgq-<Fq-q t

frq{' .{qlggEqq furdtwrq-dl, gt, tt "(\T.9.)

[" Saptaparno vranasl esmavatakust hasrajantujitDipanafr svasagulmaghnah snigdhognastuvarah sarah" (Bha.pra')i

"€qcti, 6qlffi frfu5-1, {{, I l

frtrrrr) aa, TfqqqruE€lecEvn'sF-d. ttqflIFl, Rrqq, {orfirtvtc(: r" (rr.fr.)

["saptaparnah kasayosnastikto diptikarah sarah

Snigdho hrdyaf krmisvasakust hagulmavranasrajitMadagandhih tridosaghnah sularaktarujapahah" (Ga.ni.)l

"q|<nfd " (t.tu. ss)[" Sandramehinam saptaparnakasayap " (Su.Ci. 1 1 )]

"qq@<dq+{q gtut gfvgo-a (u.63 rr;

[" Saptacchada1kaksirabhyam pIranam krmisu lanut" (A.hr. U.22)]

'effi-Egqqimfrs ur€i-

["Tvakpatrakusumakslradikan grahyam "]

'{Rc"irg fu*itwtftxdqq{q frqa, r

1 1 3

qErr;rfr t{6+ilti aunftrllT{fil il "({r.fr.)

[" Saptapamastu tl ktosnastridosaghna5ca dipanahMadagandho nirundheJyam vranaraktamayakrmin" (Ra.ni.)l

"fi,flq{rqfl 6a, grFrfr{: v{, rqorcq-t+tsqi €R {neqfucf,s, [ (s.fr.)["T1idoga5amano hrdyah surabhirdipanal;r sarahSulagulmakrmin kusl ham hanti Salmalipatrakall,, (Dha. ni.)l

'gttrqol: 6'qrdwr: gkr* flqtr, gq,

6dr@rr " ( * . f r . )["Saptapamah kasayosnah susnigdho dlpanah sarahH@yo dosakrmi5vasakusJ hagulmavranasrajit " (Kai.ni.)l

1 1 4

Coll. No. AVS 1286

Alstonia venenata R.Br.Apocynaceae ($FT-56q;

Distribution: Throughout India in deciduous forests in areas upto 1,800 melevation

The plant A large shrub or a small tree upto 6.0 m in height with greyishbrown bark and bright yellow hard and woody root; leaves simple, inwhorls of 3-6, membranous, lanceolate, margins wavy, finelyacuminate, main nerves numerous, close, parallel, united byintramarginal nerve; flowers white, in terminal, subumbellate cymesor in racemes; fruits fusiform, stalked and beaked follicles, taperingat both ends, seeds many, flattened with a tuft of hair at each end.

Parts used: roots, fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are bitter, astringent, thermogenic,

depurative, antitoxic, febrifuge and anodyne. They are useful in skindiseases, erysipelas, leprosy, cobra bite and other venomous bites,epilepsy, fatigue, fever and otalgia. The fruits are useful in syphilis,insanity and epilepsy.

'$qVq sqcqua frqgqtq{rff, I

$q€{q fu}q, tequtpg fflif: llqrfrdl3+{s Wr{fr mnvil r" (R.)[" Kqudra6ca saptapamoinyo vi gghnaricapyanAdanahKgudrapurva6ca vijfieyah saptapa!'nastu namatahNitivasurabhTnasya sumaniti vi6isyate" (Sva.)l

"sw€{ncri Rr{gq, squ6affi 11

@r

Mal

Kan

San

Tam

Anal iv6gam (Gn6TDeicor<no)

Addasoppu (u{*taeAS

Visaghni, Anddand (M, imfir)

Si nnapp6lai (CIcmcun--runcoor;)

1 1 5

Alstonia venenata

{Nryffr'

Wseecls

1 1 6

cTvrt( 6uf.qud T€iqr6fr s {T 1 " (€.)[" SaptacchadasamAnam syad gune, tvakkug!hana5iniPh i rangav i gavisaroabh utapasmarapidanamNa6ayet, kama5Olaghni m[rcchajvaraharl ca sa" (Sva.)]

n l

Coll. No. AVS 2227

Alternanthera sessilis (Linn.) R.Br.ex DC.(A. triandra Lam.)

Amaranthaceae (ns$*q-$da

Hin

KanMal

SanTamTel

Gudrisdg 11ksrn)H6nugonesoppu (d(ir1(diro4))

Minanndni, Ponnannani, Ponnankannikkira

( dlrD5-6r, c6Trn, oolcfi D6ellc6rn1, oacrmce,eplaetl o )Matsyaksi, Patturah (qenfr , v{t)

Ponnannkannikkirai (GurciircurrniLseurireuof dGcou )Ponnaganti k0ra (*qnoeJsu-o)

--l

_lDistribution : Throughout India,in moist places upto 2,100 m, often

cultivated.The planfi A much branched prostrate herb, branches often purplish,

frequently rooting at the lower nodes; leaves simple, opposite,

somewhat fleshy, lanceolate, oblanceolate or linear-oblong, obtuse or

subacute, sometimes obscurely denticulate, glabrous, shortly

petiolate; flowers small, white, in axillary clusters; fruits compressed

obcordate utricles, seeds suborbicular.

Parts used: whole PlantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, sweet, astringent, acrid, cooling,

constipating, clepurative, digestive, cholagogue, galactagogue and

febrifuge and is useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta,

burning sensation, diarrhoea, leprosy, skin disease' dyspepsia,

haemorrhoids, agalactia, splenomegaly and fever.

rrq1, EFls-ggqyq qRRiI ffid{' t

frqrvit EsEFtrRFffi s(r6it, tl

ffiI Fftc,qg, {1ag, {{frd, q1q: I

tqgd t{s-q fiffiq, qftrq{qil ll '

(3T.c.)

[" Patturafr kandapuqpa5ca matsyakgo minalocanah

Jlmitapatfo vidvadbh ipatsyAkgaka udahftah

Prokto dvitiyah pattrJrah kSetfajah kqetnkah kgamah

Hemapu$pi hemakanya bhigagbhih paripalhyate' (A.ma.)l

1 1 8

\l@1,\,'f-(/1 :,-'t

o=oooooLo+,cocLrog

1 F

t -

i\ 9,sA^<--=-3eM)

*@;=Ve,;Av \o : E - - v S; 6 A

5. ; r:-\ fi\

F I- l

1 1 9

"qRRfr qrqidsT q€rrrren q-dFqKfiid s l " (qr.c.)

["Matsyaksl bahlika matsyagandha matsyadaniti ca" (Bha.pra)]

"q-€Rfr qrffi {i-dr $qfimoq'r$isr( r

ogk-ftT .F'qrrrT s erfr *gfqvtfu-fr r " (vr.c.)

[" Matsyakgi grahi ni sita kusthapittakaphasraj itLaghustikta kasaya ca svadvi katuvipakini" (Bha.pra.)l

"v-{il sffift' wffiqqqaiq( r" (3l.E.q.s)

[' Patturo dipanastiktah plihar6ahkaphavAtajit" (A.hr.S[.6)]

"sr(d iilffr RTg{eGT +.qmr qrft4 dg' rqmdr 69q'r qt+ oqfitf,rswiq-( rr (*.fr.)

["Bahli tiktA svadusita kasaya grahini laghuhVatal a kaluka pake kaphapittasrakuslhaj it " (Kai. n i.)l

"qiqqt flM {fl-dr genl-+.mru-i-( r " (c.cr.fr.)

[" Matsyaksi grahini sita kusihapittakaphasranut " (Ma. pa. n i.)]

"Fsnfr frrivRr €Eqr quriqq{qrq-6r r " ({r.fr.)

[" Matsyaksi si6ira rucya vranadosaksayapaha " (RA. ni.)]

6:oeicc)o orlooncor;gg; dlmeoncernlolos cD)6rDo

o,5o1"-flruoeonogouil6gcoi <roarorlolloggccrrflcorgor;.. (<nl.oJc.)

["Kasayam tiktamayullu minannaniyute gunamKrmipittannalettirppan saktiyul lonnitef{avum " (Gu.pa.)l

Remarks: 'The Ayurvedic Formulary of India' identifies pon nannani andmatsyaksi as two different drugs and gives them the Latin namesAlternanthera triandra and /. sessi/is, respectively. From this it is very clearthat both are one and the same drug.

'Abhidhanamanjari' mentions a second variety of. mtnaniani( minannaniviie;ary I giving hemakannya, himapuspi etc.. as its Sanskritnames. The exact plant is not known.

120

Col l . No. AVS 1115

AmaranthusAmaranthaceae

spinosus Linn.far$-1,oq)

Eng

Hin

Kan

Prickly amaranth

Caul6yi, Kat6[ (dr&4, +2d)M ulluhalavesoppu (a^:ru*sed{oeq;)

M u | | ancira, Cerucira 1o1ggoE"Jlo, oc-to; Jlo;

Tanduliyah (dr-g-eq )

M ull ukkirai ((gloiTqDdGourry )M ullutotakr.r ra ( ::: ;;' J'u:s:- : )

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

Distribution: Throughout India,in waste lands

The plant: An erect. glabrous. spinous herb. varying in colour from green

to red or purple, 3G-60 cm in height with grooved branches and

sharp divaricate spines in the leaf axils; leaves simple. alternate.

ovate, lanceolate or oblong, entire, glabrous above, main nerves

numerous. conspicuous below, flowers small, sessile, yellowish white

or pale green, numerours, in dense axil lary clusters and in terminal

or interrupted spikes, fruits ovoid capsules, membranous,

circumscissile about the middle.Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is sweet. cooling, alexeteric, laxative,

diuretic, stomachic, antipyretic, febrifuge, sudorific, galactagogue,

haematinic, appetiser and tonic it is useful in vit iated onditions of

pitta, hyperdipsia, burning sensation, hallucination, leprosy, eczema,

bronchitis, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, haemorrhoids, abscesses,

boils, burns, strangury, nausea, flatulence, colic, anorexia, fever,

intermittent fevers, agalactia, anaemia and general debil ity.

The roots are thermogenic and haemostatic. They are useful in

vitiated conditions of. kapha, menorrhagia. haemoptysis,

haematemesis and leucorrhoea.

"+erqft -d"gotq w+,f ar$r+ aqqq-{q d!-sirdF q-a5-a 61r-glsQrq 11q-{tf4ffi ro-W ro-SFefr rf,ug-ffi qrd, qqffi, tt " ( g{.H.)

["Kathayanti tandullyam mabiram talQuleyakam ghoCaln

r2l

Amaranthus spinosus

female f lower

v.s. of female f lower

./^\ ,/t--\

r/@entire and open'-oa

seed - two views

r22

Ghananadam iandulakam ghanasvanam ta(ndu)livegamGhanarocirmahanadam tandulam tandumityapiTanduliyakamityaryah sabdaih paryayavacakaih (A.ma.)l

"drg-dpn trmE sTv3te!-Sdc+, iquredlit|ffiq, it (HT.e.)

I Tenduliyo meghanadah kanderastandulerakahBhandirastandulibijo visaghna6calpamarisah, (Bha.pra.)l

"il-gdqq ,T"$q6u-gdi av-q$+* rqrRrd esdd{u tq{rfl e=feFr: tlgqlFF, ssqvTF6-{q +qdE RF{dT(-d-q, r

q qqtqr{-q qdrr rr" fu.fr.l["Tanduliyastu bhandirastanduli tandulTyakahGranthil i bahuvirya6ca meghanado ghanasvanahSusakah pathyasakasca sphurjathuh svanitahvayahWratandulanamA ca paryAyasca caturdasa (Ra.ni.)l

"dugiftiir og, {ftir rsei, lM{d r

{€Trcdl l;zn fiq-jT feqdTrs tr (slT c )I Tanduliyo laghuh drto ruksah pittakaphasrajitSrstamutramalo rucyo dipano visaharakah" (Bha.pra.)l

"duqdrqE ffir eryr fuqa1n, I

@a' qzq, ft-sq-5qq1g6, 11dn-qiiq-sq-d lffi, ffi rql-6cFsngiaffi Ffuqlfo tr " ({T.fc.)["Tanduliyastu sisiro madhuro visana6anahRucikrddipanah oathyah pittadahabhramapahahTandu liyakadalam himaspardah pittaraktavisakasavinAdiGrahakam ca madhuram ca vipake dahasosasamanam rucidayi ,, (Ra. ni.)l

"du$dqmp l+t$ui rffi*nq1qq r

cintq-fr, r+aftrqq"T{6rq ti ( 3llri.)

I Tanduliyakamulam syadusnam slesmavinadanamRajorodhakaram raktapittapradarasamharam (A.sam.)l

"auq-trr i{qq{a €si, Tfl-f,iR, 11fq, r

qgt reclfirqr aq6fu-sqqp66, l (q.fr.)

I Tanduliyo visaghnasca r[ksah sitatarah SucihMadhuro rasapakAbhyam raktapittapaghatakah', (Dha.ni.)l

"aug-ifrril ffi sq1, RrEcr$l*ir oE: tlr<kqfuqreEif flqa, geqrkql " (+.fr.)["Tanduliyo himo ruksah svadupakaraso laghuh

1 1 1

Madapittavisaslaghno dipanafr srslam[travit " (Kai. n i.)]

"d5ffir og,{frdl sq{, fqf,m'+.rqFr( tqq{iq-d Edt *q-n {ftfuffr r" (q.vr.fr.)

["Tanduliyo laghuh 6lto r,ksah pittakaphdsraj itSfgtamutramalo rucyo dipano raktapittaha" (Ma.pa.ni')l

"d5tr ffi sq1, €r5cronil dga6fmir Ad ffi rrq:Tr{Fr: lt (fr.fr.)

["TanQu liyo himo r[ksaf.r svadupakaraso laghul1Raktapittaharo hrdyo visaghno madanasanah" (So.ni.)l

t24

C'oll. lio. AVS 1427

Ammania baccfera Linn. ssp. 6acc iferoLvthraceae : ( qfil+t-teQ

L r r v

Hin

Mal

San

Tam

Blister ing ammania

Dddamarl, KurantA (Effl"qrfr, T{o-A)Nirumm6lneruppq, Kalluruvi (criolcmoE ocDolg, eqdJroJcrfl)Kurandikd (T{Fs-sT)

Kalluruvi, Nirummel neruppu (.rolgl15eri, $fGLroit Gpql,rq)Agnivendrapdku (u,"r-:,$, : :,:)Tel

Distr ibut ion: Throughout India, in rnarshv krcal i t icsThe p lant : An crcct g labrous rec id ish herb upto 60 cnr in height . branches

usual ly opposi te: lcaves lowcr opposi tc . uppcr s<trne t imes a l tcrnate .oblong or narrow-el l ip t ic . rounde-d < l r subccl rdatc. usual lv obtusc orsubzrcute: f lowers reddish in dense axi l larv c lusters. upcta lous orwi th minutc peta ls ; f ru i ts depressed g lobose capsules covcred bycalyx tube upto the middle.

Parts used: wholc plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter. acrid. cooling. appetiser.

rubi lac ient . larat ive. s tomachic. d iuret ic . aphrodis iac andl i thontr ip t ic . I t is uscfu l in v i t ia ted condi t ions of kapha and, pt t ta ,burn ing sensat ion. l rnorct ia . dvspepsia. l la tu lcnce, co l ic . s t rangur l .scminal u,eakness. rcnal and vesical ca lcul i , rheumat ism. in termi t tenlfcvers and herpet ic erupt ions.

"titr-sst e)-{r1rr gnod tffir " (rrr.fi.)[" Kurandika ksetrabhusa kuranti ksetranasi ni,' (Sa.n i.)]

"tft-sqT v<r t-;fl 1fr vrffi rrru-* 6s-drdr-n *drg qRzfrffim irg-dqitrs-sT yfl-dr qr+ crtal sg rq?r Ifir+ar Hitt q Fqr q €-{T qqr qet {dr tlqr*at fut-an qffi, srFFrtT I{Eil+i Tf,{rq iT{rtffid +1ftm rr (fr.r.)

725

Ammannia baccifera

'J,,,oNW,vT

habit (diagrammatic)

-4\

Wbud

MY

flowerv.s. of flower

t26

["Kurandika sara rucya gurvi cagnipradipaniNa6ani kaphavatanam vaidyaistu parikirttitaBrhatkurandika Sita pake madhvi katuh smrtaTikta ksara ca r0ksa ca sara vrsya jata mataVatala pittala vastauvatakari kaphapahaRaktadosam m utraklcchram na6ayed iti kirttite " (N i. ra.)l

Remarks: The brhatkurandika mentioned above is Ammania multiflora Roxb.

127

L)oll. No. AVS 2409

Tel

Amomum subulaturn Roxb.Zingihcraceae : ( q--d+-E;6Q

F n n Greater cardamom, Nepal cardamomBadi lliyaci, Bari llayaca (q-S gdmql, ertDoddayelakki (drqcsutJPerelam (corcocr,)Sthilaild, Bhadraila trBr*or, qldll

Periya elam, KAtteiam, Perelam(Gurflur qotrb,,siri(BrouLb, GrrGTa;ib)Pedda elakkaya, Adavielakkdya

/

- - !

\ J r . ? - v - - - - - _ " , 1

Hin

KanMalSan

, Tam

S c 2 r q q r J

Distr ihut iorr : In thc Flas le rn HirnalavasThe p lant : A herb wi th leafv s tcm upto 90 l (X) cm in height . leavcs

obkrns- lanccolate. br ight g, reen. g labrous on both sur laccs: 1 ' lowerswhi tc in g lobose shor ' l ly pedunclcd spikcs. bracts rcddish hrown. l ip( )vatc-c l lneate. emarginate. ve l lowish whi te . i i larncnts vcry shor t .anther eres l smal l . t runcate. ent i rc : f ru i ts reddish brown. denselyecl r inatc gkrbose capsulcs: se cds many' . held togcther by a v isc idsugary pulp.

Parts used: sccdsProperties and uses: Thc sceds are acrid, bitter. arttrnatic. thermogenic.

dcodorant , appet iscr . carminat ive. d igest ivc. s tomachic. const ipat ing.dcpurat ivc. vu lnerary ' . anodvnc. card iac and l iver tonic . cxpectorant ,d iuret ic , lcbr i fugc. sudor i f ic and hvpnot ic . They are usefu l in v i t ia ted

crrnditions of kapha and l 'ata, halitosis. anorexia. dyspepsia, colic.l la tu lcncc. hyperacid i ty . vomit ing. d iarrhoea. dvscntery. sk in d iseases.prur i tus, wounds. u lcers. cephala lg ia. odonta lg ia. ncuralg ia, card iacdebil ity. l iver congestion. splenomegaly. cough, bronchitis. strangury,fcver, proctoptosis. hypcrdipsia and gonorrhoea.

-r1a6r 'trr-t E rr1-Fd; 1 qrtF?;qr I

frk-qr F;ffiua qefrai o-:r+r TeT ri (q.fi.)

l "Shadrai la brhadela tu sthular la tu sugandhikaTridiva tridivodbhtta prthvika kanyaka puta' (Ma.ni.)l

i 2 8

I

Amomum subulatum

fruit

,ffI ^\

k# knIt -t | ft:1WPV

seeds

129

"qoT Prol s E6r gtat*r Agalfra riTt-dr qrc-d6T q

"r4ctrdl q ffiz l (tlT.g.)

1 ita stnuta ca bahula prthvika triputalpi caBhadraila brhadela ca candrabala ca niskutih (Bha.pra.)l

EefB-dr qr{d 175-{r trf<rtqrr* q e{+dr r

qd\EA q ct-o'r p* *-q gqfo6 # rr

or+er .ilya +rfi gdTfr lf+irrq rg<rufr fu;qrrrclr q F|rqrjqrcqrcqq ti ({T.f{.)

I Sth0laila brhadela triputa tridivodhava ca bhadrailaSurabhitvak ca mahaila prthvi kanya kumarikA caindrlKayastha goputa kanta ghrtaci garbhasambhavalndrani divyagandha ca vilneyals!adasahvaya (Ra.ni.)l

ffi ;p6 €w {rFsl firr+M r

{rq-n +dr qdffirfi r " (q.fi.)

[ 'DipanT rocani ruksa sugandhi pittakopanl

Asyavairasya 5amani caila galbhavisodhani" (Ma.ni.)l

----s- - .---: -; ._rrrd?5r 6{sI q6 rq q|-{6Tl EI Iqqil6o.n {asqfu-Ilqarq{El€-{qrc6r rr

@ l ( i l T . c . )[ 'Sthulaila katuka pake rase canalakrt laghuhRuksosna sl esmapittasrakandusvasatrsapahAHrllasavisavastyasyasiroru kvam ikasanut (Bha. pra.)]

"q+or +-asT !1.* {€ ft-nF+5q og, r

r*sqr trqfi qlqcnsz{krf€IrqRfdr ti* r f - : a f f i t ( + [ c . )

[ 'Bhadraila katuka pake rase pittagnikfi laghuhRuksosna rocani kasakaphavatasrasvasahat-lanti hrl lasatrtkandIsirovastyasyarugvamih (Kai. n i.)]

\r"rr fu{dr q dEi qrffFqFTiqq-dq|t Iqii-d-+r'-dsq) 6id !€qw+qiftr-fi r" (q.fr.)

[ ' Ela tikta ca laghvi syatkaphavAtavisavranAnVastikantharujo hanti mukhamastakasodhini' (Dha.ni.)l

'J-" .k----- :(otq /{ vt t4rot.1<tq+lctr l

wrfu fir-nffi r;ntfa a.E]lrq-orfffis|.*ar{1 lTrfryrT riun-dqT rl' (n.t{.)

I Eladvayam sitalatiktamuktam

1 3 0

sugandhi pittartt ikaphapahariKaroti hrdrogamalArttivasti-sIlaghnamatra sthavira gunadhya" (Ra.ni.)]

"re{d-d H freun oXw mwFmfu-q r@r r " (q . f q . )["Sthulaila recani t iksna laghusna kaphapittajitHrllasavisavastyasyasirorugvamikasanut" (Ma.vi.)l

Remarks: In Kerala. seeds of Amontunt rnicrostephonum Baker are also used aspiri lant in the I 'ormularions.

l - 1 I

Coll. No. AVS 2450

Amorphophallus pueoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolsonyar. companulatus (Decne.) Sivad.(A. campanulatus Decne.)

Araceae: (qru-goql

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Elephant foot yamS0ran, Jamikand (qtut, qfi-d-<)

Suvarnagadda (xoa{naJCdna 1c'tcn;S0ranah (qrq')Karunaikkilanku (oqqearolrrri Glprnq)Kandagadda (soc,r5)

Distribution: Throughout India. cultivatedThe plant A stout herbaceous plant with underground hemispherical

depressed dark brown corm; leaves compound, large, solitary. petiolestout, mottled, 60-90 cm long, leaflets 5-12.5 cm long of variablewidth, obovate or oblong, acute, strongly and many-nerved; male andfemale inflorescences contiguous. neuters absent, appendage ofspadix subglobose or amorphous, equall ing or longer than the ferti leregion, spathe campanulate, pointed, strongly. closely veined,greenish.pink externally, base within purple, margins recurved,undulate and crisped, male inflorescence subturbinate, female 7.5cmor more long; fruits obovoid 2-3 seeded red berries.

Parts used: cormsProperties and uses: The corms are acrid. astringent, thermogenic, irritant,

anodyne. anti-inflammatory, antihaemorrhoidal. haemostatic,expectorant, carminative. digestive, appetiser stomachic,anthelmint ic . l iver tonic . aphrodis iac. emmenagogue. re juvenat ingand tonic. They are useful in vit iated conditions of vata and kapha,arthralgia, elephantiasis, tumours. inflammations, haemorrhoids,haemorrhages, vomiting, cough, bronchitis, asthma, anorexia,dyspepsia, f latulence, colic, constipation, helminthiasis hepatopathy,splenopathy, amenorrhoea. dysmenorrhoea, seminal weakness,fatigue, anaemia and general debil ity.

The roots are ophthalmic and emmenagogue, and are useful inophthalmia, amenorrhoea and boils.

'gur: Rf€''Ffi, srqtrqrdft4{fr{qr( r

a-gwgcTnw s-xq-<k-dr.c-s' n" (3T.4.)

t -'tz

Amorphophallus paeoniifoliusvar. campanulatus

W' - )

- ' - - \\ \ --\

/-

-..

L--.-----'

' {h ')

W'-[ vi nf lorescence

corm6 c m

1 3 3

["S[ranah syacchatrakah syatmahana I astrisirsapatTryamkura6camcumariSca chatravrntassitatmakah" (A. ma.)l

ga,6-{ 3ird{q s-<ai}idq tefr r" (qr.c.)

["S0ranah kanda olasca Xandalojfsoghna ityapi" (Bha.pra.)]

"60-Eg, qu' ffi g+-d e1u+-<+, I

Srffi g-gt-rq qrsft,6qqJq, 11et{ilq<iq-s-<Fq q;<r{, 54q6iq, Iqf,m-<T 5;{s-<: {ti6-<q dfSVr, rr" tn.fq.)["Kandulah suranah kandi sukandi sth0lakandakahDurnAmari suvrttasca vatarih kandas[ranahArsoghnastivrakandasca kandArhah kandavarddhanahBahukando rucyakandah sr.rrakandastu sodasah (Ra.ni.)l

"{i"fr ffiI Fer: .68rrr: 6.u-g1( s3t: Iffi1 1qq4 q;q, 6-qrgf,56fi 69, 11

ffi 9c4: dflleqfelqTfl?r: Isdqr 6-<{rdnr qrvr, *w s;qi rr

s-{'r tfu-{ c{dfuffi q frril fr s, rq-*1Td;q qrqrq Woi Tu;4fl{: il (qlg.)

["SLirano dipano ruksah kasayah kandukrt katuhVistambhi visado rucyah kapharsahkrntano laghuhVisesadarsase pathyah plihagulmavina6anahSarvesam kandasakAnAm suranah srestha ucyateDadrunam kusthinam raktapitt inam na hito hi sahSandhanayogam sampraptah surano gunavattarah" (Bha.pra.)l

"W"t Ave gQ{: Efi'{pf: *3nl og, rfuqfiT *q-n wi qomlqqiee(,,

fl{turs-<q ffi fu6, I

Tci raffi dqr qra {dq-+re iea, cq rrrwFmn+}qi qrans qrurerrq r{ai q{um E€ri +.sem€t og tlqvier g f{frnur ffii +rcrffiq-+1 re-{qt"M €sT 11ai *3ffi+ a r*qi dF{ Ucq-ttWnXccl rr" (*.fr.)[ 'Surano visiado ruksah kasayah katuko laghuhVislambhi dipano rucyo valasagudakilahrtVanas0ranakandastu visesAdar6asam hitahGulme staulye tatha vate 6lesmavate hitah paramRaktapittaprakopi syacchakam s0ranasambhavamNalam s[ranajam rucyam kaphavataharam laghu

t 3 4

Ar5asam tu vi5egena hitam kamagnidipanam

Vanasuranajam r[kgam nalam katuvipaki ca

Dipana6 s!'ansanan gulmakrmi 6rl lanisudanam (Kai'ni ') l

"frT{, qroit €rzt: +.sd ffi og, r

f f i r ycq, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11" (3{ .€. { . )

["Dipanah s[rano rucyafl kaphaghno visado laghuh

Vi5esadarsasaq pathyah ... (A.hr.Su.)l

"T[rur, sES-5-{*q-{q1qq, 1fi15'ffi+6tq€, tqm+rgqr+qtqr 6{

lr" ({r.fr.)

[" Suranal;r katukarucYadiPanahpacanah krmikaPhanilaPahahSvasakasavamanarsasam harah

5r,rlagulmasamanojsradosakf ' (Ra. ni.)l

, : g \

f dg l q f ( { f g f qa4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( q r . . r r ' )

I Visesadarsasar.n pathyah (So.ni.)]

"q{"t fltril €ar, s'srgf'5-<fi 69, I

rrgq-d q-s-6-<, rffiE[: frf,tft-fq l- (q.F.)

["Surano dlpano ruksah kapharsahkrntano laghuh

Tadvadanyo vajrakandal.r kaphaghnah pittaraktakrt" (Ma'vi')l

"$.i ffi 6QI: 5'{frl: m3o.u-gT-( |

M{ ffi q;q, 6qqi,54q} og, tt

{lai $qs s-ai oq-4ril6'{ oq t

+rfr g ffiq"t ftd sTc'rFircicc\ ll" (c.cl.fr.)

[ 'surano dipano r[ksah kaSayah katukandukrt

VistamOni visado rucyah kapharsahkrntano laghuh

Nalam suranakam rucya6 kaphavAtaharar.n laghuh

Ar5asAm tu visesena hitam kAmagnidipanam" (Ma.pa'ni ') l

'fu6qrq: +-gsr €er ffirn T.q +'s-+tila fuff{sq I- (1.{.)

[,isatkasayah katuka ruksa vistambhino guravah kaphavatalal-,r pittaharasca"

(Su.S[.)]

"clcn rncml eonrooflrmp o1'Jlaerp a"ocootoflrn;o

ehollonaoils:lcoladccml oLluoo. otcrnlcogorl''

a,c5]cdcn oL1coo"u14lodr4rNcil1ccmgop cnlem'

coloEo" orcroo,ono coBmiffLioJcrflcncerol occocDo " (trlt'o-lc')

["Cena nannu kaphattinnur.n rucikkuqn dahanattinum

t35

Laghuvayitt ir ipponnu visadam tanumettavumKattucena visesiccumarsdassinnettavum gunamGulmam vatakapham medassityAdinanca nasanam. , (Gu.pa.l

Remarks:-I 'he wild varietl 'of this. r,unusttrenu. is said to be m6re effective rn thetreatment of haemorrhoids. But th is has lo be rvashed, boi led in but ter mi lkand dried a few times and thus purif ied be hrre use.

r36

Coll. No. AVS 1178

Anacardium occidentale Linn.

Anacardiaccae : (3{S- Sdq)

EngHin

KanMalSan

TamTel

Cashewnut treeDuk, Kaj[ ({E, 6q)

Gerumara, Turakag6ru (a(iJ-i'J a:=n';,)

Kadu m avu, Paranki mavu 1a,uo;acoi, .-roeo,locoi;

Vrkkabijah, VrkkaPhalah, Venamrah(Tdffi-#$I:, {cFF',rF-O,, +{|-g, )Muntiri (C+pBn)Gidimavridi (e9,1 :.;- '';:.)

Distribution: Cultivated and wild especially on the sea coast

The p lant : A smal l t rce wi th shor t , th ick. crookcd t runk: lcavcs largc.

obovatc. rounded at the apcx: in f lorescence terminal . longer than the

Ieaves; f lowers yellow. streaked with pink: fruits greenish grey. nuts

on yellow or scarlet f lesh Pedicel.Parts used: roots, bark, leaves' fruits

Properties and uses: The roots are consiclcre d purgative. The bark has

al terat ive propcr t ics and is used aktng wi th the in l lorescencc l i l r thc

t reatrncnt gt snakebi te. Thc bark ancl lcavcs arc usclu l in odonta lg ia

and ulit is. The gum l'ronl t l.tc bark is rccommcnde d in lcprosy'

r ingworm. curns and obst inate u lcers. Fru i ts are acr id. sweet .

thermogenic. aphrocl is iac. t r ichogenclus and anthelmint ic ' and are

useful in vit iated conditions o[ vutu and kttphu, skin diseases.

dysentery. haemorrhoicls and anorcxia' They are used for preventtng

hair loss and tO increase the growth of hai r . The kernels const l tu te a

highly nutr i t ious and concentrated food. A c lc l ic ious dr ink is a lso

der ived f rom the spongv thalamus.

"Tagd Tfifi-frq: 5u-qatQt €GIFF-{: I

oqgilit-qt{, g1q, ft4rq, friFr-o'qrf' ll" (€.)

[" Gucchapuspo vrkkabitah prthagibijo rujAkarah

Agnyahvo.fruskaraf ksudral-r snigdhah pitaphalah smfiah" (Sva')]

'ffiJq qffi fr+a, qirq-c{fq €," (€.)

["VenamroJtha bahirbijah pfoktah sophaharasca sah" (Sva')]

t31

Anacardium occidentale

mature fruit withf leshy tha lamus

I -ltt

"sr{ildi alv* lagwsa wtrfr rRrrqqtcq-d$q ytrrfft 61qEF-{: 1 (g1T.fr.)

["Kajutako vrltapatro gucchapuspasca paryatiSnigdhapltaphalascaiva prthagbijo hyarugkarah " (Sa. ni.)l

"Tq{€ot"-d(fui fd{ivrcs dq-o;t tgTq c5{ fr+'q as qq {RT{{t llsq-4rdEi qogktq rffirffi treryr Erc+-i qq rr3TF-+-o-(Sr-q-{-saur+B.<o-srfc5. -(t

{r@ srgkd g*qr +d-( s-diwtr( rrfk*{qffiEil rRrAqH riTpr, r

tq-q mqq qgi qeqetfrv<( tt

5.hq qiqq qcq qq etilss, 16l ra?TsRA dgrqi RK aq] duq, n6gFr€: tl

@,r" ( rs . )[' G unaif bhal latavat j fr eyam visesadasya bi'1akaqnSubhfstam madhuram shigdham hrdyam v!'9yam rasayanamKaphavataharam svasakasagh ha1n balapust i krtBiyasthitailamasaiva tiksnam dahakaram param

Agnivat sphotajanakam vranakledarujadikrtSusamskrtar.n sadhusiddham yu ktya caitat prayoi itam

Svitrakusthavisarpadin nadayennatra sansayahlsat kasayamadhuram phalamasya rucipfadamKrmighnam dipanam pathyam v!'gyam vatakaphapahar.nVenamrastvak kasayah syat tvacyo vp4yai.r kaphapahahVisakandukugthasopha6vitlavisarpana6anah (Sva.)l

"mrqiFr-€r Eqit qgt*t ql: {Ta: I

qrqgffi qrd+.${ed<<q{r{ rl

freunm tmr q +d-trc+1 |{iq-dgqfliilErqmttft +1fta, rr" (fr.r.)I Kaj[takastu tuvaro madhurosno laghuf-r smrtahDhatuvrddhikaro vatakaphagulmodarajvaranKrmivranagnimandyani kustha ca svetakusthakamSamg rahar;ryar5anahan nasayed iti kirttitah" (N i. ra.)l

r39

Coll. No. AVS 2410

Anacy clus pyrethrum DC.Asteraceae : (T{rKs-toQ

Distribution: Indigenous to north Africa, introduced into south Europe

The plant: A perennial, procumbent plant with numerous stems and

somewhat downy branchesi leaves radical, stalked, smooth,

pinnatisect into l inear, subulate segments, cauline leaves sessile;

branches one-headed, involucral scales lanceolate, acuminate, brown

at the edge, receptacle convex; ray flowers white, purplish beneath.

The fresh root is fusiform, fleshy and very pungent, producing a

sensation of cold followed by heat. When dry it is brownish

externally and whitish internally. It tastes hot, induces salivation and

causes a burning sensation in the stomach when ingested.

Parts used: rootsProperties and uses: Roots are acrid, astringent and are a valuable

sialogogue and regarded as a tonic to the nervous system. They are

anti-inflammatory,depurative and powerful irritant. A decoction of

the root is useful as a gargle in dental caries, odontalgia, pharyngitis

and tonsil it is. It is used to treat paralysis, hemiplegia, cephalalgia,

chronic ophthalmia, epilepsy, cholera, rheumatism and typhus fever.

Powdered root is given with honey for epilepsy. It is recommended

as a masticatory in vitiated vri'ta conditions of the face.

"srfrjrd q{dq, v#d, frt{s-r(6',, rermrcorqy*q tFceTrfr gtw+, tt" (e.)

f Agragrahi parastlaipll pfatikah pritikarakahAkarakarabhaScaiva phirangarl sutejanah" (Sva.)l

140

EngHin

KanMal

SanTam

Tel

PellitoryAkarkara (3itF-GF{r)

Akkalakara (erd*t-:dd)

Akki kkaru ka, Ak k;avu (6ra€o16oola,, croga,coi;

Ag rag rahT, Akarakarab h a h ( erqlrfi, 3lFFl-ts-{r{: )

Akkirakkaram, Akkalkara (aryiGlry6snqr-b, gldscisrqr)

Akardkaram u (erSo"565r:)

Anacyclus pyrethrum

(Courtesy: NBRI, Lucknow.)

t41

"3Tr6-rrsltT{+46'6qiljsr u,i6@5, l" (w.fr . )

['Afarakarona6caivakallakoJtha hyakallakah (Sa'ni')]

'+gftffild ica qftaWaq r

{EA{'TcT 6qqEaqasltFTr{l-{: ll

dfrq-*-tldq: {frfufl, E-&qf-( cq I

a-qc|d flT{Tki scm-.{|-{|aq gq( ll" (8.)

[" Katutiktosnaviryoisau mehaha vastisulahrt

Suklamitfamayan hanyaddantasulavinasanah

ViryastambhakaroJpyesat.r 5il itah kl ai byakrtparam

Tantranadim jfranasktim kramattannasayet dhruvam" (Sva')l

"3t-s-@citwil fr4q e-6fl og+1 rra, t

sid{qrzi q lM s ski +s ffi( l (fr.{.)

["Akallakosno viryep balakrt katuko matah

Prati6yayap ca sopham ca vatam caiva vinasayet (Ni'ra')l

142

Coll. 'No. AVS 2451

Anamirta cocculus (Linn.) Wight & Arn.(A.paniculata C o le b r.)

M e n i sp e rm ac e ae (T{fr - $-da

Distribution: Throughout India in forestsThe plant: A large,woody,climbing shrub with vertically furrowed ash-

coloured bark and glabrous young parts: leaves large, simple,alternate, long-petioled, petioles thickened at the base and apex,broadly ovate, subcoriaceous, cordate or truncate at the base, acuteor acuminate, 5-nerved with tufts of hairs in the axils of the nervesexcept the basal ones; f lowers greenish in long panicles, droopingfrom the nodes of the old wood; fruits drupes, kidney shaped,turn ing red on r ipening.

Parts used: leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The fruits are bitter, astringent, thermogenic,

expectorant, antifungal, anthelmintic and depurative. They areuseful in vitiated conditions of kapha and vata, bronchitis,dermatophytosis, foul ulcers, inflammations, f latulence, chronic skindiseases and ringworm. The tender leaves are used by the tribals forthe contraction of the uterus immediatelv after deliverv.

"rrdr +-t+-qrfr s s'FFT{qr qrqqrfvrfir t

6rs-{rvfr fuqs-or q-d q-€-{rF{rq.t r' ({q.)

["Garala kakamari ca kakahva kakanasikaKakana6i viqaphala matsyaghni matsyanasika" (Sva.)l

'+rqqrfrq?i ftqri qqrftEi qE: Eq I

rffi{kot ftea Tfutr<hqr{r+( ttfnqqurrqsqT€-fiu-qsrnr+yrrl r

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Levant berries, Fish berries, Crow killerKdkamdri (6rscft)Kdkamdri, Kdyamari (E-rgdroo. Erc$6J0)Polla, Kollakkdya, PEi{umarunnu(oolcgg, oa,cfloocc), corgloto]cm) ^Garalaphali, Kdkamdri (rrcam-o, FltFrTRt)Kdkamdri (snsLonrf)Garalaphal a, Kdki n icam pacettu (xo+ber, s-33;ol3t-3)

t43

Anamirta cocculus@r

,6",V,5,4 JammPU.h,,J"

t44

o.q-*tati ir*i Se-q"ra vtt r" (R.)

[" Kakamariphalar.n tikgrlar.n kasayognam katu smrtamRakta5uddhikaram tiktam kpijantuvinasakar.nSophavlarla5vasakasakandutvagdoqanasanamKaphavataharam proktam dus_tavrar.raharam param " (Sva.)l

145

Coll. No. AVS 2452

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Ananas comosus (Linn.) Merrill(A.sativus Schulres f.)B rom e li ace u. 1 e1-jqrg -t-OA

PineappleAndnds 1ei-+r+rV)Anasahannu (e:txaoJKaitaccakka, Kappaccakka, Ananas(ooa,totdo, edtao, roammcm);

Anamnasam, Bahun6traphalam ( 3dfiFi, e-gi*q-olAnnd5ippalam (9166166rrFullpLb)

Annasapandu (ua"X:io;c)

- - ]

Distribution: Throughout India,cultivated

The plant: A herbaceous perennial with a short stout stem; leavesnumerous, spirally and compactly arranged. l inear-lanceolate,acuminate, margins spiny,toothed. shining on the upper surface,those subtending the inflorescence small, much reduced, reddish,heads terminal, ovoid, bracteoles reddish, numerous, triangluar-ovateto oblong-ovate, imbricate ; fruits composite. succulent, bearing acrown of leaves.

Parts used: fruits. leaves

Properties and uses: The. unripe fruits are sour. cooling, appetiser,digestive, anthelmintic, cathartic, cardiotonic, uterine tonic,emmenagogue and febrifuge. They are useful in vit iated conditionsof pitta, anorexia, dyspepsia, helminthiasis, constipation, cardiacdebil ity, haematemesis. sexually iransmitted diseases, amenorrhoea,dysmenorrhoea and fever.

The ripe fruits are sweet, cooling emollient, diuretic, carminative,digestive, cardiotonic, sudorif ic. styptic,l i thontriptic, antiscorbutic,febrifuge'and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta,strangury, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, hyperacidity, cardiac debility,haematemeSis, haemoptysis, jaundice, renal and vesicalcalculi,scabies, pruritus, fever and general debil ity.

The leaves are anthelmintic. abortifacient and emmenagogue, andare useful in induction of abortion. helminthiasis, amenorrhoea,dysmenorrhoea and whooping cough.

r46

o=ooEo(,o6coc

147

"siind cn-+fr qrd t" (fr.{.)

["Anarnnasap paravati camam kautukasamjfr akar.n " (Ni.ra.)]

€-€i 6a {otrq r*.qfuffii +q irfii qt=tqiT+.( |,{d rdd qr{rqfd ilfl-ri e6 frrcq r{€raqffi{s rryrifEFd drffiil( l" (fr.r.)

["Ananmasamapakvantu rucyam hfdyam gururmatamKaphapitttakaram caiva pfoktam cannamarocakamSramam klama4 na6ayati tatpakvam svadu pittahrtRasatapavikaramSca na6ayed iti kiftita4 " (N i. ra.)

-Sc-{u-o qrai ?frq ugr w1rq€?i qrdEi r-*i vaqai afti to l" ({r.q.)

[" Bahunetfaphalam caml am -Xrmign

nam mad huram saramBalyar.n vAtaharam rucyam slesmalam talpanam guru" (Ra.va.)l

"enti tr{Tqso q{qai gflT{t Irs,sq# kr$i rffi{+rrfl Rq( rl

'r{.srq6i s il( |.rfii q',o Rq {fti ga rmftr+1rrs{ffik+i 6a €d efiq+rfq rery{frgacv1oEi ffi sr{ rrvr-g vr+d ftlqm tqi FFftlfq-( t" (€.)

["Amam tvananasaphalam saramamlam sudipanamRajahpravarttakar.n snigdham raktastambhanakrt himamParantvatyupayogena gafbhaspvakaram ca tatPakvar.n phalam svadu 6ltam mutlalap raktarodhanamAgnidiptikarar.n hpyar.n svedanam tvagvikaranutASmarigulma6r.rlaghnam visadosaharam saramPatrap tu Sastar.n hidhmayam recanam krmirogajit" (Sva.)l

r 4tJ

Coll.No. AVS 1059

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex NeesAcanthaceae (qI{IT-5c{)

Distribution: Throughout India,in the plains, also in forests asundergrowth

The planf An erect, branched annual herb,0.3 m to 0.9 m in height withquadrangular branches; leaves simple, lanceolate, acute at both ends,glabrous, main nerves 4-6 pairs; flowers small, pale but blotched andspotted with brown and purple distant in lax spreading axillary andterminal racemes or panicles, calyx-lobes glandular pubescent,anthers bearded at the base; fruits linear capsules, acute at bothends; seeds numerous, yellowish brown, subquadrate.

Parts used: whole plant

Properties and uses: The plant is bitter, acrid. cooling. laxative, vulnerary,ahtipyretic, antiperiodic, anti-infl ammatory expectorant, depurative,sudorific, anthelmintic, digestive and stomachic. It is useful inhyperdipsia, burning sensation, wounds, ulcers, chronic fever,malarial and intermittent fevers, inflammations, cough, bronchitis,skin diseases, leprosy, pruritus, intestinal worms, dyspepsia,flatulence, colic, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids and vitiatedconditions of pitta.

-ffift, $16, q3frm, |+'{rfrfr, t

qilsfrdjqr{ffii TFrd {rqi-rr, r" (qT.e.)

["Kiratatiktah kairatah katutiktah kiratakal;tKandatiktoinaryati kto bhu n i ;bo ramasenakah " (Bha. pf'a.)l

EngHin

KanMalSanTamTel

Green chiretta, Kalmegh, Creat

Kdlam69h, Kalpadath (qtoiq, 6..Fr{rer)

Nelab6ru (doz*dt)

Nilav6ppu, Kiriydtta (crilercorg, o,1o1onoo;

Bhunimbah, Kirdtatiktah (Tf{Es ,, Ri{rilftram ,;

Nilavempu ($arGoribq)

N6lav6mu (JerJ:r)

r49

Andrographis paniculata

flower

*

fruit

, " , " [

150

"Bct{q : tf,{qss faqrrt-t Tfukqs' t6Rrfr firqqqin, r1ffiq$$, r" (er.c.)[" U pan i rirbah kunirirba5ca n issaro bh0mini mbakallKathito nimbaparyayaih bhumiparyayap[rvakaih" (A.ma.)]

'ffit |q, 6pgf,trm, fu-{kF6: I

TFrdrf{dfffiT-q ffi {rr+{6, r" (q.fi.)

[" Kiratati ktako haimah kandatiktah kiratakahBh0nimbojnaryatikta5ca kirato rAmasenakal]" (Dha.ni.)l

"futrd, {R-s} sq1, qfr66;ft6ffi1 qg, r

@ l

@ r " ( q T . e . )[" Ki ratah sarako rr.rksah sital asti ktako lagh ul;t

SannipatajvarasvasakaphapittasradahanutKasa6ophatrsakus!hajvaravra4aklmipra4ut" (Bha. pra.)l

"$d ercamr: 6rFfri*RI$E: I

Epgiiqur: q?4: Eu+uqRlils-3q l" ({.fr.)

[" Bhunimbo vata!astiktah kaphapittajvarapahal;tVranasamropanaf.r pathyah kusihakandutisophanut" (Ra.ni.)l

"Xtrd qn-afra-d quriquFnttr: I

11q, {frd, q?4qtt og Fq{qgIT6, ll

o.,i fifti qi SEi sqi{ts TfiRqI IqFqnqi flE {to tt qoi aen rr

vqd 6r{ q c-d {hi qRilJfi s\ r" tfr.r.)l"Bhunirirbo vatalastikto vranaropaqakarakafr ISarah 6itah pathyakaro laghu rukgastrsapahah

I

Kapham pittam jvarar.n kuslham kand[m Sopham kpinstatha

Sannipatajvaram daham sltlam mehaf v1a1am tatha

Svasam kasar.n ca ppdaram 5oCam cafsolrucim iayet" (Ni.ra.)l

"{iq, {frci Fsn ri ffi og, q{, tqrild, sqfrffs$E:i-6nrd Et( 11

@r" td . f r . )["Bhtnifibah 5ltalo ruXqo rase tikto laghuh sarahVatalah kaphapittaslakusJhamehapaho haretSvasakAsatrsadaharuci5ophalvaraklmin " (Kai. ni.)l

-Thd qrcdi sqt oqfu{q{Ertt t" ({t.e.)

[" Bh0nirhbo vAtalo rtrkSah kaphapittajvarapaha" (Ra.va.)]

qiriqd F€dfr Fftd qrd-s,fiq , r" (Ct.fi.)

151

["Sulapaho maladhvansi krmighno bAlakapriyah" (So.ni.)]

Remarks: Many Sanskrit treatises mention two kinds of 'kiratut ikta' viz.' bhunirhba' and'nEpalanirhba' andthese have been translated intoMalayalam as'ni lavEppu' and' kir ivatta' , respectively.Al l the commentaries on 'Bhavaprakasam

. 'Kaiyadevanighantu'. etc.. haveidentified kiratatikta as Swertia chirayita. None of these commentators havemade any mention about Andrographis paniculata. But Acarya P.V. Sharmain his 'Dravyagunavi j f lan' identi f ies bhunirhba as A.paniculala and assigns aSanskrit name kalamEgha to it. Bhunirhba, as we know it is one of thesynonyms of kiratat ikta. However, i t is to be noted that the same author hasgiven the Latin name Swertia chirayita to kiratatikta.Anyhow. it is worth mentioning that kirdtatikta or bhtnirhba has beencorrectly translated into Tamil as nilaveriryu.While in north India and some parts of Kerala S. chiralt i ta is the drug usedfor kiratatikta, in certain other parts of Kerala Andrographis paniculata(nilavVppu) is in use. However. throughout Kerala bhiniritba, one of thesynonyms of kiratat ikta has been for long wrongly translated into Malayalamas putt ir icunda (Solanum indicum)and used in formulations wherever theword bhuniritba occurs.

NEpalaniritba (Swertia chirayita)gets its name from the fact that it occursabundantfy in Nepal, while kiratatikta (Andrographis paniculata) isindigenous to India and grows plenti ful ly throughout.

152

Coll. No. AVS I39I

Anethum graveolens Linn.(Anethum sowa Roxb. ex DC.Peucedanum graveolens Linn. (in part))

Apiaceae t{mgqr-WQ

Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant A glabrous aromatic annual herb, 30-90 cm in height with

hollow finely grooved stem, striped dark green and white with bluishspots; leaves compound, 2-3 pinnate, bluishgreen, segments fil iform,leafsheath surrounds the stem; flowers yellow, in flat compoundumbels; fruits narrowly winged, vittae large and conspicuous.

Parts used: fruitsProperties and uses: The fruits are acrid, bitter, thermogenic, deodorant,

digestive, carminative, stomachic, anthelmintic, anodyne'anti-inflammatory, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactagogue,expectorant, cardiotonic. anaphrodisiac, febrifuge, sudorific,antispasmodiq, antidysenteric, alexeteric and vulnerary. They areuseful in halitosis. flatulence, colic, dyspepsia. intestinal worms,odontalgia, arthralgia, inflammation, strangury, amenorrhoea,dysmenorrhoea, agalactia, hiccough, cough, asthma. bronchitis,spermatorrhoea, fever, ulcers, skin diseases, splenopathy'hepatopathy, uropathy, gleet, syphilis. haemorrhoids and cardiacdebility.

il{-{-szgd qq6 qggfurrqfuw'dr tt' (3{.rr.)

["MisiruddisJa ghoqa 6atapuspa setika SaSpa cetiKaravyrrtka!apugpi magadhi madhupugpikapyaticchatla" (A.ma.)l

"{rd5qr TkTr{qr s egn +nfl frfu, r

EngHin

KanMal

SanTamTel

Dill, Garden dill, Anet

Soya (ir+)Sabbasige (xqAd)Satakuppa (qoola,lg)Satapuspa ({rdgqr)

Satakuppi (eggulil)Sataku pp i vitt u I u (aosSrle*)

153

Anethum graveolens

154

3Tffi fud-s-{r {f€-dr 6ffi s il" (qT.e.)

["datapuSpa riatahva ca madhura karavimisihAtilambi sitachatra sarirnita chat;'ikapi ca " (Bha.pfa.)l

{Fdgqr q frfuffq1q dfrfir I3lird-{Jqerqqi qnr* +.t-d lvrn tr

6.{ s-Egqr 95fu+r r{rdrw {€-6T sqr{qr {rdqF6,r rra-+gqr TRgEsr g'r+ qwv6-+r r.F+Trfr-6rjtil€-{r a e-gtffi a1q-51 1r" (n.fr.)

["Satahve 6atapuspa ca misilghosa ca potiXaAhicchatralpyavakpugpi madhavi karavi sipha$amghatapatrika chatra valrapuspa supuspikaSataprasuna bahala puSpahva satapatfikaVanapuspa bhuripuspa sugandha sukgmapatrikaGandharikajticchatrA ca caturvinsati namaka" (Ra.ni.)l

"{rdgqr qcrrrir *-r5qrjfd-dx-6r ryfugr ffi+qm {qi<r qffifu, 1;- (w.fr.)

[" Satapuspa su ksmapatra pitapuspaitichatrakaPrasidd ha kgetravikhyata dipanokta maharsibhih " (Sa. n i.)l

oqwn 6gq-r qr* +q-qrdFw€h r3r=rrr+16{I Fq {tr6'dFr+rrfl fufu, 1" (q.fr.)

["Laghusna katuka pake kaphavatanibarhaniAnnagandhahara rucya sakasaugandhyada misih " (Ma.ni.)l

"{rdgqr ogdn'utT fu+5q ffi q:, rswn@1' (qT.c . )["Satapuspa laghustTksna pittakft dipanl katuhU9r1a jvaranilaslesmavrana6[laksirogahrt" (Bha.pra.)]

"{Inr(st ogm ft-mr krdwn VMwq rq{+f,cuTqtR qfra-+dfu vst rrrrdgElrE-d +fii qq oftnSerfwq rqrad *qi Rei ft--t-f-(€tqq1q-6R l' (q.fr.)

[" Satahva kat u ka ti kta snigdhogqra 5legmavataj itJvaranetravranan hanti vastikarmani SasyateSatapuspadal am coktam vfsJam rudh i ragulmaji tVataghnar.n dipana1n stanyam pittakrt rucidayakam " (Dha. ni.)l

"yrdgqr sgRilqRT fiq{ilsn ffi oE, r

t55

fut-al +q-ffid icqT frrqt qrlqgl ll

t+tR qts<r€rfR@qqq r" <d'ft'lf'satapuspa kalustikta tlkqnosna dipani laghuh

Pittal- kaphavAtaghni medhya snigdha jvarapaha

Nihanti suladahdksirogatrsnavamivrar.ran" (Kai'ni ') l

fiffidT oEd ta-+ar +'-<qffi t

e5un ieqr qfra-fidq{rRl 65qlm 11

ski wi q qu q trtrr;i q nsra-( t3lr{d qgir q soi +q ffi( l" (fr.r.)

['satahva pittala laghvi tikta katvagnidipani

Usna medhya vastikarmapradasta kaphanasini

Vatam jvaram ca sulam ca yonisulam ca nasayet

Adhranut caksurogam ca vranam caiva vinasayet" (Ni'ra')]

"rt-dr{dr g +gkftr fuiqr vMcerq( t

q{M q qfta-q4trr {rsA lr" ({r.fr.)

[ 'datahva tu katustikta snigdha 6lesmatisaranut

Jvaranetravranaghni ca vasti karmar.ri sasyate " (Ra' n i')]

{rdSqr ogdwn FmEgffi *-g, r

s6ur@l l " (c .c l . f r . )

['Satapuspa lagh ustiksna pittakrddipani ka!ul;t

Ugna jvaranilaSlesmavrana6ulaksirogajit (Ma'pa'ni ') l

"Irdrqq{ 4q-drfld ercrfrRraldfl t

frqoiFrn rgqr vr* t-qr fimrffifi rr" (fr.fr.)

f 'satahva kaphavatarsa amatisara6ulanut

Tiksnosna katuka pake rucya pittagnivarddhani' (So'ni')l

.6)o14;4,4[olcdccm] d(')6,]do)]os coffDo

micnl<iricuocol;"'democorlg 91 a,^n.llrorDo.tlcncuDmo

oll glqplcm gollo cDrrn) olmSorl<n;corororlcD){6rDoo ( cnl''lc' )

I Ericcukacciripponnu catakuppayute rasar.n

Snigddhamayusnamayul I u kaphapittavinadanam

Tippunnine{{avum nannu vastigulmattinuttamam " (Gu'pa')]

156

Coll. No. AVS 1481

Anisomeles malabarica (Linn.) R.Br.Lamiaceae (EaS-Wq)

Distribution : Throughout south lndia (Deccan plateau)The plant : An erect shrub about 1.8 m in height with obtusely tetragonous

and softly white-tomentose stems and branches; leaves simple,opposite, very thick. aromatic. pblong-lanceolate, acute, pale above.white below, crenate-serrate, softly woolly; f lowers purple, in densewhorls df more or less interrupted spikes: fruits nutlets, ell ipsoid,compressed, the inner face slightly angular, the dorsal rounded,smooth. brown.

Parts used : whole plantProperties and uses : The plant is acrid, bitter aromatic. intellect

promoting, stomachic, anthelmintic, febrifuge and sudorif ic. It isuseful in halitosis. epilepsy. hysteria, amentia, anorexia, dyspepsia.

. colic, f latulence, intestinal worms, fever arising from teething inchildren. intermittent fevers, vit iated conditions of vata and kapha,gout, swell ings and diarrhoea.

Efrq< F6r*vr, RErit i-+fa-etn rM fiqqT q qqq+cfrg q6, rr" (3r.e.)

['Trtiyastu mahadronah stambho devakrlastathaVaikuntho vanajanma ca vranakltaripuh smrtafi" (A.ma.)l

"3{qT +s wrd"n tnrer *r5&n rftFrgqi F{rM t-+firu-sr s-srE+qr rr" (n.fr.)f 'Anya caiva mahadrona kurumba devapurvaka

Eng

Hin

Kan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

Malabar catmint

COdhdrd (AqRr)

Karitumbi (do$o8,)

Kari ntum pa (a,olotrr)cru)

Vaikunthah, Mahddronah (+tlrd,, qtr*q')

P6yimarutti, P6ydmeratti (GuurLrqSL-rE, Guu-LnGLDf L+)MogabirAku (rux8o"s)

157

abaricaAnisomel:il"'

Mffifruit ing calyces

JW4K

i^^[c@nutlets

158

Divyapuspi mahadroni devikanQa Sadahvaya ' (Ra.ni.)l

"ffi rcfr-qdr ieqr qrdTffiTr{( r

ssrTr€nr€T ft g-** crrc{itri rr" ({T.fr.)[' Devadroni kat usti ktA med hy- vatartti bhutan utKaphamAndyapaha caiva yuktya paradasodhane ' (Ra.ni.)l

"5Eq{ i-€ETi qk+.rvlut*cvt1r" (€.fi.)

[ 'Kutumbaram tatsadrsam sOtikasulajitparam' (Hr.pri.)]

"o,o1ao;cuor Jdlor*. ol'lcso"ejcc; o;oJla,5ai'"-ro"." ( <n J.alo. )

f'Karintumpayumivannam vi6esat rucikrtparam" (Gu.pA.)l

r59

Coll. No. AVS 1687

Annona squamosa Linn.Annon ace ae (iFIE(r -Tda

EngHin

Kan

Mal

SanTamTel

Custard apple, Sugar apple

Sitiphal fful

Sitdphala ('q,sader)

Sitappalam, Attaccakka (crdlocga", Grg<oto4ao)

Sitdphalam <d-cmetlSitAppalam (S$gnuupLb)

Sitdapandu (5er-bo6:)

Distribution : Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant : A small tree about 6.0 m in height; leaves simple, alternate,

bifarious, oblong-lanceolate or ell iptic obtuse, glabrous above,

lateral nerves 8-11 pairs ascending, f lowers yellowish green, solitary,

leaf-opposed or 24 on short extra axil lary branchlets, sepals andpetals three each; fruits yellowish green, globose with well marked

areoles easily breaking into large pieces; seeds hard, brownish black,

smooth.Parts used : roots, leaves, fruits, seedsProperties and uses : The roots are powerful purgative, and are useful in

mental depression and spinal disorders. The leaves are suppurativeand insecticidal, and are useful in destroying l ice, proctoptosis in

children and as a poultice to produce suppuration. The fruits are

sweet, haematinic, cooling, sedative, stimulant, expectorant,maturant and tonic. They are useful in anaemia, burning sensation,vitiated conditions of pitta, vomiting, cough, malignant tumours, and

for strengthenihg muscles. The seeds are abortifacient andinsecticidal and are useful in destroying l ice in the hair.

"{lils?t rro-eTn=i iifr+ori arn r

twrdci qfitr@qT{q q5d-q-q rr" (vfr.ft.)

f'sltaphalam gandagatfaf vaidehivallabham tathaKrsnabijam cagri makhyamatfpyan bahubijakar.n " (Sa. ni.)l

160

Annona squamosa

v.s. of f lower

fruit showing seeds

r6 l

"afti rmt-q eg {ft-@i as+s q ra-o< crs5'-(sTe{ftfrnqudE.( n" (w.fr.)[afpanan raktakrt svadu sitalam hrdyameva caBaladam mansa(t daharaktapittamarutpranut" (Sa.ni.)l

"ffi g qg{ {frd aei qoe-q( rarcai +u-Eq et5 Sfuf-( frnfiT{t l" (fr.{.)f'Sitaphalam tu madhuram Sitam hrdyam balapradamVatalam kaphakrt svadu puslikrt pittana5anam" (Ni.ra.)l

t62

Coll. No. B.S.I. (S.V) 10886

Anogeissus latifulia (Roxb. ex DC.)Wall. ex Guill & Perr.Combretaceae (effi-g.da

Distribution : Throughout India,in deciduous forestsThe plant : A large deciduous tree upto 30 m in height with a clear bole of

15 m and with greenish or greyish white smooth bark exfoliating inirregular thin scales; leaves ell iptic or suborbicular. obtuse at theapex, rounded or sometimes cordate at base. glabrous when fullygrown, midrib prominent, pink, main nerves G10 pairs arching,prominent on the lower side, leaves turning red before fall ing;flowers sessile in small dense heads; fruits small, many in a globularhead, yellowishbrown, winged, beaked with the persistent calyxenclosing a single seed.

Parts used : roots, bark, leaves, fruitsProperties and uses : The roots are astringent, acrid, thermogenic and

stomachic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and vata,and abdominal disorders. The bark is astringent, acrid, cooling,vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, urinar:y astringent, haemostatic.constipating, depurative and rejuvenating. It is useful in vit iatedconditions of kapha and vata, wounds and ulcers, inflammations,diabetes, haemorrhages, haemoptysis, diarrhoea, dysentery.haemorrhoids, skin diseases, leprosy, hepatopathy, erysipelas,ophthalmia and general debil ity. The leaf.juice is good forotopyorrhea. The fruits are acrid, astringent, sweet, cooling andconstipating. They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha andpitta, diarrhoea and dySentery.

"trq Efr {FrcRT: sq6qrlqgrwit dR, r

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Axle woodDhavd, Dhaurd, Bdkali (Tqr, dRI, qtrd)

Dinduge (aodrrl)Vel lanava, M al u k kd fr fr i ram (oo€gcDor, ovloeiceroroflo. )Dhavah (efq,)Vellanagai, Vellanamai (Goroirorrpcos, Glaroiron,bcolD)Cerimdnu, Sirikarra (-EJt'Jr, 30sW)

L63

ry

t @

ItiTs''€, fua-{qi qqti, ct"g{tiR l" (si.c.)

["Dhava iti Sakataksah syat kagayamadhuracchado gaurah

Svetaphalah sitavfkph paryayaih pandurasceti" (A.ma.)l

"rr* rrd +<iro, frrt ifrt gr+n , t' (r{T.e.)["Dhavo dhalo nandataruf,r sthiro gauro dhurandharah" (Bha.pra.)]

"tld aco,lft, qq1ri1 qgaqq, I

{l+4lQl,qugeof+a, qrrgit Tq t" ({r.fr.)

[' Dhavo drdhatarurgaurah kagayo madhuratvacah

Suklavlkgah papQutaruldhaval ah panduro nava " (Ra. n i.)l

"ffi: {frif: qM,qTo-gfrtrfiwtr€' rqg{qqrRs wo v ugi {{ffi il" (qr.e.)

["Dhavah sitah pfamehar6ahpandupittakaphapahahMadhurastuvarastasya phalam ca madhuram manak" (Bha.pra.)]

"cttrFg gq{: {ft-dt egr, *3d qa, t

frtriI €Ff-( $q qF-gMEff( rr

+.qffi 41955, qfiqlft6, 11qd qrq flr+ eq sH a E+q ril( 1;

is qra-di +qfir<k( |

{o o36sn a @w q{t 11" 1fr.1.y

["Dhavastu tuvarah sito madhurall katuko matahDipano rucikrt caiva pandurogapramehajitKaphapittar6avatanam naSakah pari kirttitahPhalam casya himam svAdu rukgam ca tuvaram matamMalastambhakaram caiva vatalam kaphapittalitMIlam katukasayam ca pittakrddipanam param" (Ni.ra.)]

"Sm-dcdrfr q +.qmqgt l6c, rqTo-gttqqrrFl: +crMt trs, l" (c.fr.)

[" Surasavopayogi ca kasayamadhuro himahPandumehaplasamanah kaphapittaharo dhavah" (Ma.ni.)l

ffi: ifi{pf: qgo, oqdtjfru+rvn, r

fiRe-+1qsfr t-d+r fdim fiq4, qq, r" ({r.F.)

["Dhavah kaqayah katukah kaphaghnolnilanadanahPittaprakopano rucyo vijfreyo dipanah parah" (RA.ni.)l

il{i r65

"sqq gil: vfrd qgt iEqru-gdr Iq's'fufrci, a+q q-o Fsg ssrq+.( tlloi s-ei g5 Rltfr qroai mqfirnk( " (*. fr I["Dhavastu tuvarah riito madhuro mehapanduhaKaphapittaharam, tasya phalam svadu kasayakamHimam ruksap guru stambhi vatalam kaphapittajit" (Kai.ni.)l

166

Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker(Amoora rohituka (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.)

Meliaceae (t+w-5o{)

Distribution : Throughout lrtdia,in evergreen forestsThe plant: A medium to large sized tree, 18-25 m in height with a

cylindrical bole and a heavy crown, bark greyish brown to darkbrown, rough, exfoliating in circular flakes, wood reddish brown,leaves large, imparipinnate, leaflets opposite,9-111 in number,elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate. acuminate, glabrous on both

surfaces; male flowers numerous in axillary panicles, female orbisexual flowers larger than male in axillary or supra-axillary solitaryspikes; fruits globular, smooth, yellow when ripe, opening by3-valved: seeds with scarlet aril.

Parts used : bark. seedsProperties and uses: The bark is acrid, astringent, bitter, vulnerary,

digestive, anthelmintic, depurative, urinary astringent, ophthalmicand refrigerant. It is useful in splenomegaly, liver disorders, tumour,ulcer, dyspepsia, intestinal worms, skin diseases, leprosy, diabetes,ophthalmopathy, jaundice, haemorrhoids, burning sensation,rheumatoid arthritis and leucorrhoea. The seeds are acrid,refrigerant, laxative, anodyne and anthelmintic. They are useful inulcers, ophthalmopathy, otopathy, myalgia, skin diseases, intestinalworms, burning sensation and vitiated conditions of. vata.

"nffi iR-rqit irfr ErBqgqn,"["Rohitako rohitako rohi dddimapugpakaf" (Bha.pfa.)]

"ndrdr tfee+rqq ifea,

SRnetFcllsrgqiias,

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Rohituka treeHarin-hdrd rfu-eRrMullumuntala (ube4drodu)Cemmaram (oormoo)R6hitakah $rfrr*,)Malampuluvan, Semmaram (r-oourbS6vamdnu (r":JJ:-,$)

L-lporctrr, GeLbuoryLb)

t67

o

oo

fo:oo.ox.Eog6

CL

l6tt

{lqIl-!p: q q EzTn€rTro-t*tqq' {ni'qld+} r-drq{q :

€FI{el, {+iltF{d, fudgq, frtr{+q,

Rrtqrr, {EdtHr oefrqr{ "fiftf@r{: l' ({t.fr.)

[" Rohitako rohitakasca rohitahkusalmalirdadimapuspasamjfr akahSadaprasunah sa ca kutasalmalir-virocanah salmaliko navahvayahSaptahvah svetarohitah sitapuspah sitahvayahSitangah suklarohito laksmivan janavallabhah' (Ra.ni.)l

"tffi irft-dqir iA <rfrrTggrs I

t{Tr€cfu, vnefosil tq+, {a{ncqfu, rraffgq' {(lgq} {frq: Efr6{f{H: I

frfrq, f6gqsq ffi ffu6q-euT rrq{R*rdl gril drsrit oefr Tffi"q | " (S.ft.)

["Rohitake rohitako rohi dadimapuspakahKusalmalih salmaliko rocanah k[tasalmalihRaktapuspal;r sadapugpo raktaghnah plihanasanahDvitiyah svetapuspasca rohi rohitakastathaKsarayogyo yugo yojyo laksmi sarvajanapnyah" (So.ni.)l

"frfr66, q;M o-rit r*q-{5q{, | (r{r.9.)

["Rohitakah plihaghati rucyo raktaprasadanah" (Bha.pra.)]

"irfrd-+) zrf-(qfi-6rJ(fr((6{: TI{: tltr irfi-a-orqrq: +-{Eqqq qf,( rlsuiir4-6i +q ffi'rF*+rVq | " (q.fi.)

['Rohitako yakrtplihagulmodaraharah sarahSveto rohitakascanyah kattrsnamubhayam smftamKarnarogaharam caiva visavegavina6anam" (Dha.ni.)]

i1fr6en, 4fu+a: gQu{: s6s-dkq( |

@, 1

@,r r(ff il{Ttd-a s$ aqqqrq4, 11qvf+-r@rq"i €-qq sddqfr{.fi, t)" (+.fr.)

["Rohitakah katustiktah sarogph kaphavatanutPl ihodarayakrdg u I mamarrsamedovisapahahBhutAnahavi bandhasrakapha5rl larujapahah(PlIhanam nasayedrohi stanyo raktaprasadanahKarnakakhyamayar.n hanyat saryavlananigudanah") (Kai.ni.)l

1 6 9

"id-d-s-dzi fu'-i Udt s.g+ rq r.{irs{Trd ffi {fu q si q-61 11

@rfui tdo"i yr+5eufrawr+1 rrsd fu{+i qri q fr rp v nvtq r3irrr€ Te-ffn q qrwtfcft +iftrd\ r" (F.{.)["Rohitakadvayam snigdham tuvaram katukar.n matamRaktaprasadanam tiktam sitalam ca saram matamKrm i pliharaktadosavranakarnarujapahapVisam net;'arujam gulmayakrtkaphavinasanamVatam vibandhap mansam ca medam 5ulam ca nasayetAnaham bhr-rtabadha ca na5ayediti kirttitam (Ni.ra.)l

"nfi-d-d 6-gfr{'dr mqrdr q gvn-d-dr r

@ l " ( { r . f r . )["Rohitakau ka!usnigdhau kasayau ca suditalauKrm idosavrar.rapliharaktanetramayapahau " (Ra. ni.)l

"ffi65, vt 5rl-5qd+<rvt, l"(q.fr.)

["Rohitakah saro gulmayakrtplihodarapahah" (Ma.vi.)]

"nd?si1 ,cqr" (s \ . f r . )["Rohitako yakrtpl ihagulmodaraharah param" (So.ni.)]

Remarks : In Kerala. rohttakary is identified as Aphanamixis polystachya.

Dr. Koman (1919). however. is of the opinion that the bark of this plant does

not have the effect on the spleen to the extent reported. Hence, further

research is needed to confirm this identity.

In north India it is the bark of Tecoma undulata which is used for

rohitaka.'The Ayurvedic Formulary of India' says that Aphanamixis

polystachya can be used as a substitute for this.' Rajanighaltu' , ' Dhanvantarinighantu', and'Nighanturatnakaram'

describe two kinds of rohitakam. Some identify these two as two different

drugs under the botanical names Tecoma undulata and Aphanamixis

p o ly stachya ( Amoo ra ro h itu ka ).

1 7 0

Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.Thymeleaceae (wgu-1q)

Aloe wood, Eagle woodAgar (eF5q;K risnd gdru (douo*rtdr)Akil, Kdrakil (Groa,'IroE, a,coa,loE)Aguruh, Krsndguruh (3T1€: SwI?I€')Agar, Agalicandandm, Krsnaguru( gt*ti, g{s661+$g6nLb, GtqDcr+6rilr gqg)Krsndgaru (s*,\br)

EngHinKanMalSanTam

Tel

Distribution : In the forests of Bhutan, Bengal, Assam and MyanmarThe Plant: A large evergreen tree about 21 m in height and 1.5-2.+ m in

girth with somewhat straight and fluted stem; leaves l inear-lanceolateto ovate-oblong, 5-9 cm long, silky glossy and faintly paralrel nerved;flowers small, greenish on very slender pilose petioles in shortlypeduncled umbels. on younger branchlets, perianth about 5 mmlong, slightly hairy outside, stamens alternate the perianth, f i lamentsred at the apex, ovary tawny-tomentose; fruits slightly compressed,yellowish tomentose capsules.

commercially used fragrant-resinous agar wood is formed in theinterior of the'old tree. The tree contains plenty of oleoresin and hasirregular dark patches. The wood burns with a tright f lame giving offa pleasnt smell.

Parts used : Fragrant resinous wood and oilProperties and uses : The wood is acrid. bitter. thermogenic. digestive,

carminative. deodorant, sudorif ic. anodyne, anti-inflammitory, anti-leprotic, depurative, cardiotonic. rejuvenating and tonic. It is usefulin vit iated conditions of vata and kapha, halitosis. dyspepsia,anorexia, caridac debil ity. skin disease. leprosy, foul ulcers,hypothermia, inflmmations, rheumatoid arthrit is, cough, asthma,hiccough, albuminuria and general debil ity. An external applicationof agaru is very useful in vomiting in children, pectorargia d^ue topneumonia and cephalalgia.

The oil is astringent, acrid, bitter, thermogenic. depurative,alexeteric and anti leprotic. It is useful in vit iated .ondition, of vataand kapha, rheumatoid arthritis, cough, asthma. bronchitis, leprosy,skin diseases and foul ulcers.

n l

Aquilaria agallocha

single stamen withscale behind

172

"ii-ETsqg€ q{r{r qrr{ rfl-dRrrs rrqfr rTNltiF dr€ srqTfuqrd qrg€ g-dq il"(3{.c.)I Jongakamaguru varangam canaryam sitasivakam bhavatiKrsnaguru loham syat krmijagdham caguru pravaram" (A.ma.)l

w5o l-+i dl€ {rqT€ zirrc aqr reiffi Tfrii qrfr 1,fuq'qqrrdq l (qT.e)["Aguru pravaram loham rajarham yogajam tathaVamSikam krmijam capi krmijagdhamanaryakam' (Bha.pra.)l

Twn55 RtflJ5 Vqrn frqsqot tqfrq sror5s +vli qg-s TEFfiI€q,1rlWr€ q-wt :r+r{rds Er<{n{sq{ | " ({r.fr.)

["Kpryaguru syadaguru sfngaram visvarupakamSifSam kalaguru kesyam vasukam krsnakaslhakamDhuparham vallaram gandharajakam dvada5ahvayam" (Ra.ni.)l

"FwnT€ t€qsi qtqr+ fqqsq+n rerrro ysi dn tkq'qqrd6{ rrrrq-€ il€q cfui +.r&i $fs og r- (+.f{.)[" Krsnag uru h sreslhavrkso jongakam vi Svar[ pakamAguru pravaram lauham krmijagdhamanaryakamRajarham tacca malinam kaleyam sirsakam laghu" (Kai.ni.)l

"ssr-+mltro-6{, grr+i Tq-*FFF: I

Tq* {cqc aenlTs, r ' (q. F.)

[" Usnaviryolnilaharah sugandho dhupayogikahLepanodvartane yukto dhImapane tathaJguruh" (Ma.ni.)]

"slJ€wr EE iq-ai ffi frs{i q frt-ot rog s.qifRrqd $-6q65ry9q rr

T*I lvTlftrs a'g otd.{frfi rqfr r3:I{F!IrR, *t, lwffgu-.qq,qd, l

- (qr.C.)

["Agurrlsnam katu tvacyam tiktam tlksnam ca pittalamLaghu kamaksirogaghnam sitavatakaphapranutKfqnam gunadhikam tattu lohavadvari majjatiAguruprabhavah snehah krsnagurusamah smrtah" (Bha.pra.)l

fuid qnqistcq r

{Fdidoq €R qqq-€q tB-&.rq l"(q.fr.)

[" Ka!utiktosnamaguru snigdham vatakaphapahamSptinetrarujaq hanti mangalyam kusthanut param" (Dha.ni.)l

173

T5uITT5 d{wlq'q ffi Aq s {fl-dd( |

cri fiffifl ffiq-(trdqqEsTe-q r '

({r.fi.)

["Krsnaguru katusnafrca tiktam lepe ca sitalamPane pittaharan kifrcit tr idosaghnamudahftam' (RA.ni)l

Tsrqf5, e'gftd-+-dds!ilwr, frq6} 69, 1

@rrTrsr, qqqqt€: dl€-dq-qi qA I3Tf6 Ilrtd: lit, T-w6559q, qa, tt 1d.fr.)

["Krsnaguruh katustiktastikgnognah pittalo laghullKamaksirogatvagdosasitavatakaphap!'anutKfqnah pradhanamaguruh lohavanmajjate jale

Aguruprabhavah snehah krsnagurusamah smrtah (Kai.ni.)l

'3I56-q grrtrr, trflSerkft: gg: {if: I

ftTdl c-q'rd-d €-€d WdFry-q fufld, ll

frq{t emq'ql rfr q-oii*o-qm6, r

gETr{F6-{: il-fiil aq std-t} {q, il" (fr.r.)

["Agurustu sugandhih syadusnastiktah katuh smrtahSnigdho mangalado rucyo dhupayogyasca pittalahTiksno vatakaphau hanti karnanetrarujapahaf.rKusthanasakarah pfokto lepe codvartane subhah" (Ni.ra.)l

'3r'J5ffidEk-4dsgssrqr gqdvrvilq-{r, Tfu-

6q-sBrfuo€{rrsr " ( {.{.)["AgurusarasnehastiktakatukasAyah dustavranadodhanahkrmikaphakusthanilaharasca' (Su. S[.)l

"ona,1et;"demooo'lg;[g;. adlg]. offuocar) orolo

micrr'l<.ridcr.locoi5|olegccm; a,^aoLcronrlmcuoa,A(d.

Lol(rcff)o a,coa,'lerc; DorDp L\o a;.rdornctrorn.

or c (o cf l(d|lD a,o-ocfo Jcfi u a, c cru 4,6 ep c a,v1 c o ccn giltti

LUOo*otBBOgCcTDCGOCCTD]6rBCOCelC(rOlcDCcrOCCCUrd." ((r].orC.)

["Akilusnamericcittum kaccittum rasamayvarumSnigddhamayitt ir ipponnu kaphavatavinadakrtPradhanam kArakilatu mangalyam kusthanadanamV€tapittakaphasvAsakasakarnakgi rogaj itSramaklamannal ennoronnuntayalasu nasayet. " (Gu. pa.)l

Remarks:'Ayurvedic Materia Medicas' mention two kinds of aguru viz. ky;4aguru

and svetaguru (the black and white varieties. respectively)' In several parts

of south India the white variety (Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex Hiern) is

in use. But it is the black variety, i.e. Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., that has to

be used as aguru, as it possesses all the properties mentioned in the text-

175

Coll. No. AVS 2453

Arachis hypogaea LinnFabaceae' (eTq{RdT-toQ

Distribution : Throughout India, cultivatedThe Plant : A branched hairy annual herb with erect branches trail ing on

the ground; leaves compound, pulvinate, 8-12 cm long, leafletsoblong to obovate, entire; flowers yellow, axillary, fascicled; fruitspods, ripening underground, leathery containing 1-3 seeds; eachseed with a thin brown seed-coat and two fleshy white cotyledonsr ich in o i l and prote ins.

Parts used : seeds. oilProperlies and uses : The seeds are sweet, oleagenous, aphrodisiac,

galactagogue, constipating and tonic and are useful in agalactia,diarrhoea and general debil ity. The oil is sweet, purgative ancemollient, and is used in nephropathy and dislocated joints.

"kF-trt Tdurs,r+orq.il GFT-SsF6: I

1*fs {T-<TdJq quF6, fudqfs, l (Ft.)

[" Dvitribijo bhr.rcanakah snenadhayo raktabijakahBhuvaci. 5abdapifvojyam canakah sitas[pakah] " (Sva.)l

{RTk-fl Tft-#wr fr#er rffisfir rq!-sfr Tkqr TRrr dqr Wurs.r qdr il" ({rT.fr.)

t" Bhu6iritika raktabija tribija snehabijakaMandapi bhumija bhustha tatha bhucanaka smrta" (Sa.ni.)l

'e-dgfu6i dq qgr, vtri I€, 1

Fqf1 tdtjiq-dt q6ffiq5-q, qq rl

176

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Groundnut, Peanut, MonkeynutMring-phali ttq-u.oiltrtltaf aoat i (h(erddO)N i lakkatala (crile.leiser ;Bh0canakah, Mandapi (1+ut+r, qu-gfr;

V6rkkatalai (Goritisr-*cocu)VEru6enagal u (Jo:,:,sxer)

(uo(EE')oCL

.9(,G

.l "t

efu ngr €d k'ri ffi qcl rir{qrR rifr-<q qqr€ a-"q ffiq n (R.)

[" Balapusj i karo hyep mad h u rah paramar.n g u ru hVigta;bhi dunjaroJtyaflham Sleqmapittakarah paramTattailam madhuram rucyam snigdham recanakar.n smrtamDoSaduEyadi samcintya yatharham tacca yojayet" (Sva.)l

"qu-sfr qg{I krqt qrda;r q'w+Tfr+r rqrFe*r e-dqEdrq iri?t ilgq qfr( n " ({n.fr.)

["Mandapi madhura snigdha vatala kaphakarika

Grah i ka baddhavarcca6ca tattailap tad gunam smrtam " (Sa. ni.)l

t79

Coll. No. AVS 2454

Areca catechu Linn.Arecaceae : (1n-+'oq1

Distribution : Cultivated throughout IndiaThe plant : A tall slender unbranched palm with a crown of leaves, stem

annulate; leaves pinnate with a conspicuous sheath; flowers inspadix, male many at the upper portion, female much larger and fewat the base; fruits 3.8 - 5 cm long, smooth, orange or scarlet whenripe.

Parts used: roots, leaves, fruitsProperties and uses : A decoction of the root is a reputed cure for sore

lips. The juice of tender leaves is mixed with oil and is used as anembrocation in cases of lumbago. The nuts are used either raw orcured. They are cooling, astringent, diur.etic, digestive, anthelmintic,aphrodisiac, nervine tonic and emmenagogue. They are useful inurinary disorders, anorexia and general debility. In veterinarymedicine, they are employed as a vermifuge especially for tapeworm. Chewing of nuts facilitates salivation and prevents decay ofteeth: but its continued use blackens and loosens them. The constantuse of this nut might result in oral carcinoma. The juice of tendernuts in small doses is a good laxative. The burnt nut is often used asdentifrice.

"{q, rid ffir dtuaq-ow r}qwo, Izfrs, ggt'q€, oroqtgqroqo girfr rr

1tfr ltmorE, drqosofs qF*'ilm, t" (3r.c.)

["P[ga[ slanrsi cikko ghontaphalasca gopaphalahGopah kaidaryaphalah kalatvagguvakaphala udvegiPtlgi p0gaphalahvah tambllaphala6ca patt ikah proktaf.r " (A. ma.)]

180

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Arecanut tree, Betelnut treeSuparl tgqr0lAdike (erad)Kavunng, Kamunnu, Kamuku, Ataykkamarar.n

1a,o;cori, a,alecri, a,o;d, roroso)aeicoo.;Pugal;r (At,)Pakkumaram (undgLoryLir)Vakka, POka (rsL_,ifs)

catechu

female f lower

outer perianth offemale flower

inner perianth offemale f lower

v.s. of female f lower,

,iffild

male f lower

ru@^

n4@#i.n* ot

W;;;v.s. of fruit

1 8 1

qF-{I {m s Trr{q 1-4FF: s'Ts-€l s I

u.o {'frs-d rc'i q ilfrf(il1ll "(ril.c.)

["Ghonta pigi ca p[ga6ca guvakah kramukasya caPhalam p[giphalam proktamudvegam ca tadirita1n " (Bha.pfa.)]

"Trrql Trrlcrrq *g+1<ldvnv, r

ffidc{aqe,ftqffiTqq gt+fd, tl

Trq |ffi i{ffir fq-ffiui Iraq{FF aefi |

s*i flfnv,o id TTsd <g rr" (n.fr.)["Prlgastu p[gavrksa6ca kramuko dit'ghapadapahValkatarurdr{haval kasci kkana6ca munilmatafPugastu cikkani cikka cikkanam SlakSnakam tathaUdvegam kramukaphalam jfreyaq pugaphalam vasu" (Ra.ni.)l

"6,qrmgr qR irqi frefiIo, r1'r-5 guffi,t+aqrvq "(q.fr . )[" Kasayamadhuram bhedi rocanar.n mohakrd guruhP[gantu mukhavairasyamaladaurgandhyanasanam " (Ma.ni.)]

"q-fr eCrtT-(TI 6sr{i e6 na-+1r+s|rfti ser s€{Bscom6( u " (q.fr.)["Bhedi sammohakfl p[gar.n kasayam svadu rocanamKaphapittaharam ruksam vaktrakledamalapaham" (Dha.ni.)l

"Tqlls.rs Frqtd fEc, {srt6i 1€, Ihqrt dtqoem, qffi 4aqfos6, 11*fr a rgn t-ql 6qFrT6T ogttqr Iqcar q ssqrdd qrR-d.r 5€-itq-fl rr " ({r.fr.)

["P[gavrkgasya niryaso himah sarhmohano guruhVipake sognakakqarah sailo vatagnapittalahSeri ca madhurA rucya kagayamla katustathaPathya ca kaphavataghni sArikA mukhadoganut" (Ra.ni.)l

T{ FCr sr roqrqq 6qrq qg{ rJ5 rltrqi fti 6a oqFmFr+€ur1rq,tqi qqMrtl=tfiRn( rrgTr{ E TdfusqR TWtr+qrqt-qcq r

Oq g ercai krti F-iq{Fiq Yq rrRq-{Ti F'-nqd v-*i \lw; ! qmaq rqcqre Tdn{qR eror{ qffitrtra( rr

W er({dcoi rr( *e arqrFdEi f{ d-(qrfiffith fumui vdffq-d rr

182

t1to6(mlq g 6qri q5r Wl td.fr.l["P[gar.n nrkgam saram kifrcit kasayam madhuram guruRocana1n mohanam hldyar.n kaphapittanibafra4ar.n

Qipanar.n vakt;.avai rasyamaladaurgandhyanasanamAr. drar.n tu g urvabhisyandi drstyag n i mandyakrt paramSrgkam tu vatalam snigdham tridosa6amanam paramSvinnap[gam tridosaghnam pakvam sugkam tu vatalamPakvaldrar.n gurvabhisyand i bAlardram kaphapittahftPugar.n syat drdhamadhyam yat sreslham nAnavidham hi tatPakade6adibhedena cikkanam saryadoqajit(Krmihrt pugapugpar.n tu kagayap madhuram guru) " (Kai.ni.)l

r*i g araa ssr tfi 615-{RFr( |

{qcf{-+.{ W 6sr{i egr wl rr

1dfq'qk ngi *agrqqfqqrqr{t 11

T'rcrd frd di G-fra ff< gdq r

Effig wa-ai gqgiq {€rrrrt tl

S'frs-d i-t-+i €q dai 6qFrs-( |sc{ vi q qg{ {5 qui q dq+( rrB-qFdog q ri*{i 5ueFq wFr( rfi q-d( Ct# qo.[kt 6s dqr tlfrri yf--q-dr +q rr$tfft +1ft-ft r3Tr{ {'frs-o irfii gqt 6u-6qfo5q 11erfi{6qR et is T6 gqqficcrtrf( |r-ft-dri gqq"i frii qFi "FtF defl tl3tr.crc$r +q rwrttqFd +1ffi-q r

{q {'frso 5;q qms H aqr rrftr'ti q qaai +q +uaorqfr-dq-tq rcoi k+r #mi g qfEid qisqru-gT-( rrq-*i qr{ Trs?t # q fiQq6q r

{q l-d-fa rg Fryrq qmqi{ lril( rrFffi +i FCqe; qdem6( I

Trr{srs Frqtfr fr6{, Yfrtrdt 1o, rrqr+ dwr, fu q e-g{?T6: cfr1ftd' r

tfrfu, vFa1ffia, rr" (F.r.)[]Pakvam tu vatalam r[kgam bhedanam kaphana6anamSuskamagnikaram p[gar.n kasayam madhuram paramGuryabhigyandi madhuram toyadhrgvahninasanamPrlgamadau vigar.n ghoram dvitiye bhedi durjjaramTrtiyadisu patavyary sudhatulayam rasayanamP[giphalam mohakaram svadu rucyar.n kagyakamR0kSam saram ca madhuram guru pathyar.n ca dlpanamKiffcitkatu ca sarirploktam mukhavairasya na6akam

r83

VamTm kledam tfrdoSaghnam malam vatam kapham tatha

Pittam d u fgand hatam caiva na6ayed iti kirttitar.n

Ardrar.n p0glphalam pfoktam tuvaram kanthasuddhikn

AbhiEyandi saram caiva guru drsJyagn imandyakd

RaktadoSam mukhamalary pittap camar.n kapham tatha

Adhmanamudaram caiva na5ayediti kit'ttitamgrSkam prJgiphalar1 rucyan pacakar.n recakap tatha

Snigdham ca vatal aqn caiva kantharugghrtridoqanutPamam vina kevalap tu bhaksitar.n Sophapandukrt

Pakvar.n caldrar.n pOgaphalam chedakar.n ca tndoSahft

Srqkam pakvikrtam tattu snigdham vatakarap matam

TndosanaSakam caiva tadbalam sarvadosahrt

PrigavfkSasya niryAso mohanah Sitalo gurul;t

Pake coSnah pittalar.n ca patuscamlah prakiftitah

Vatanasakara5caiva muni bh i h parikirttitah" (Ni' ra)l

"ojo16rororl o<llol4lcggccmscJoerc or; L"-tco.oa,5oi

.-tco" o;Jloo@l6TEc6o)o oilcoolrnar(Oo ol(0o" ((')l.o$.)

[" Cava(tu madhuriccul lonnalaykka tu pramehakrt

Parar.n ruciyeyuntakkum virecanakaram param ". (Gu.pa.)l

Remarks: There is a variety of this plant growing in the north Canara district of

Karnataka State known under the Malayalam names, kanakavuinu and

cindapakku. Its botanical name is Areca dicksonii Roxb. or Pinanga

dicksonii Blume. The fruit of this plant is so small that it is just enough forchewing once only.

184

Ct

A,

Pa

ielr-Ir(l r !I c."

l;lrL-

Dit

Thr

lPruG a lArgemone mexicana

ParPrc

fFli

€rl

Coll. No. AVS 2167

Argem one m exi cana Linn.Papaveraceae : (erR{-5;da

Distribution : Throughout the hotter parts of India,in areas upto 1,500 melevation on road sides and waste places

The plant : A strong,branched,prickly annual, 60 - 90 cm in height withyellow latex; leaves simple, sessile, spiny, semi-amplexicaul, sinuate-pinnatifid, variegated with white, spinous, veins white; flowers large,bright yellow, terminal on short leafy branches; fruits pricklycapsules, oblong-ovoid, opening by 4 - 6 valves; seeds numerous.

Parts used : whole plantProperties and uses : The plant is bittet acrid, cooling, vulnerary diuretic,

purgative, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, aphrodisiac, emetic,depurative, anodyne, anthelmintic, antipyretic, ophthalmic,stomachic and sedative.

The roots are useful in guinea-worm infestation, skin diseases,leprosy, pruritus, blennorrhagia, inflammations, all types ofpoisoning, constipation, flatulence, colic, malarial fever and vesicularcalculus. The leaves are useful in cough, wounds, ulcers and skindiseases. The seeds are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha, cough,asthma, pertussis, skin diseases, leprosy, ulcers, wounds, odontalgia,dental caries, constipation, rheumatalgia, colic and flatulence. Thelatex is useful in dropsy, jaundice, skin diseases, leprosy, blisters,indolent ulcers, conjunctivitis, inflammations, burning sensation andmalarial fever. The oil is useful in indolent ulcers, wounds, leprosy,skin diseases, constipation, flatulence, colic and rheumatalgia.

"fr,u-{616uaqr s ftrgqr gvr r*q rRoicfrfr +'u-error Tsr-fr-ql s {RRr n' (ft.fr.)

EngHinKanMalSamTamTel

Mexican poppy, Yellow Mexican poppy, Prickly poppyBhatbharnt, Phararrgi dhattura (rrad-a, wirfr *rqclAra6ina, Ummatta, Datt0rigida (ud9d, *ilrq dg,gond)Po n n u mm att q, Kantan katt i ri (o.-rcrmlmod, a,eneoda,onrr'lo1)Svamaksiri, Brahmadantl (€uidt, ilflq{)Kutiyotti, Ponnummattai (qrqGu-rnrrg, GurctrglLbLo$cog)Brah madandicettu (g:looalup)

187

["Kantaki kantapatfa ca pltapugpa ksrrpa bhavetSvamakglrT kantaphala krsnabija ca susthira' (S.ni.)l

"rrkiE tqsrqr +-r{d{Srsl q ilqq{dt I

+-ffirF{qFrqR qe dr yqrqiq, l" (ed.rt.)

["Gaditeha hemadugdha kafrcanadugdha ca kafrcanaksiriKanakabhidhanasahito brute tam dugdhaparyayah' (A.ma.)l

"eflftufr q.qd{mfr qBqutr q s$ofi rta-mE'qr fq-ffi trErw ffi trq'ie.frt €otyqr Vqufmt-orjfr q rtr+gqr +-r*qftt tcefrfr q ilqs-fr r" (q.fr.)['Ksirinl kafrcanaksiri kalupapi ca karsaniTiktadugdha haimavati hemadugdha himavatiSvarnaksiri svarnadugdha suvamaksirikalpi caHemahva kanakaksiri hemaksiri ca kAicani" (Dha.ni.)l

"qtFpfr q.rsficfrfr +.{ufr egvffror rit-*S'qr 5u6 f5ryw ffi rrffiqr 4-dsrrrT q-qh-.d-ql ftqtttrsr ttfr q ft{qr ifr q$+'g"n{+q ttwoietfi {EUtgrqT 5ffi 1q 1

S+"fi t{5'S s tcsfrfr q 51q-dfr ll" ({t.fr.)["Kslrini kafl canakglrl karsar;ri katupamikaTiktadugdha haimavati himadugdha himavatiHimadrija pitadugdha yavacinca himodbhavaHaimi ca himaja ceti caturekagurlahvayaSvamaksirT svamadugdha svamahva rugmini tathaSuvaqra hemadugdhi ca hemakgiri ca kaflcani" (Ra.ni.)l

"ttrqer H icffi ikgedernrftufr t

@ 1 " ( q l . c . )["HemAhva recani tiktA bhedinyuklesakArinlKrmikandrlviqanahakaphapittaslakuslhanut " (Bha. pf a.)l

"frfrr E ilqsqefrfr fimgfri+vn-tt rrmr+ dqriq*rtqr{fr {frfrntu( rlctftuftg.ra tc+ri Sfutrowrq r" (tt.fr.)

["Tikta tu kaffcanaksiri pittakfmivisapaha

Sodhanl doEasanghata5amani raktapittajit

Kslrinlyugalam tiktam kpipittakaphapaham" (Dha.ni.)l

"qifufr ryFrffr q H {is-dFrfl r

TfirM q fut-qcetr q sT tl

188

€oisit f6cr trfir Tfufrf,trwrtr I{TfqT{rrffirsqrcqc-{ rrn rr' (n.fr.)["Ksjrini katutikta ca recanl sophatapanutKrmidoqakaphaghni ca pittajvarahara ca saSvamaksjri hima tikta krmipittakaphapahaMutrakrcchrasmarisophadahajvarahara para" (R5.ni.)l

"Roicfrfr frqr trffr w qo-EWror rqrdcfii Tm fui +..i tq q +vt( rr@rp vre dr6 {fd y1, 9fr6qq61, l' (fr.r.)["Svamaksiri hima tikta sa kand0vinasikaVataraktam krmim pittam kapham krcchram ca nariayetJ urtya6marl5ophadahajvarakust havina5iniMulam casya coka iti gunah purvoktavatsmfah' fii.ra.)l

"a-et, efri iqqcn +) fEiR ydrqd{

{s-d q (qRrqTs q iffui is {Isr}( n" (rr.fr.)

[-Tasyah ksiram bindumatram netre ksiptam ghrtaplutam

Suklam ca hyadhimarnsam ca netrandhyam caiva nasayet" (Ga.ni.)l

"tse-dfufr vqH rlH bGfitr+t I+un-tarJJmonoma-g"v* | r" (c.fr )["Utkle6ini pfamadini bhedini hemadugdhikaKaphapittaharallnahakamalapanduna6ani" (Ma.ni.)l

"s"ictfr q{r trftr crTtr*q-fi qa-( |@,n"(+. f r . )["Svamaksiri sara tikta madanyutkledani jayet

Kandukrmivisanahakaphapittasrakamalahl " (Kai. ni.)l

"iqqqr H P61 qapaeJe+fufr r@r-(c .q l . f r . )["Hemahva recani tikta mandagnyutkledak6riniKrm i kandukaphanahavisakuslhavi nasini " (Ma. pA. ni.)l

"tqgrqr l6cr irftr {-Alqfutq-€'dsr, r" (fr.fr.)

["Hemadugdha himA tikta slesmapittapahrtsarah" (So.ni.)]

Remarks : Acharya PV. Sharma in his'Dravyagunavij ian'refers to this plant andargues very correctly that the plant mentioned as kaficanaksiri in'suSgutasamhita' (Bhagandaraprakaranam)' is not Argemone mexicana butEuphorbia thomsoniana Boiss. which grows in Kashmir. For, Argemonemexicana is a plant indigenous to Mexico. The synonyms haimavati andhimavati given by the authors of different'Materia Medica' make it clearthat this is a plant growing in the Himalayas and therefore it is only proper

189

that this has to be identified as Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss. referred to by

Dr Sharma.Synonyms given by Abhidhanamanjari (qfrtt tT5'sT

Ywltq';,Dhanvantarinighantu (€oisfrfr q olqdi)

and by Rajanighantu (eoicfrfr eutyqr q oWqfil

seem very appropriate lo Argemone mexicana.

Perhaps the scarcity of Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss'. which grows in

Kashmir at an altitude of 2,100 m, induced the practitioners of

Ayurvedic medicines to use Argemone mexicana Linn. as a substitute

and hence its current PoPularitY'

190

Coll. No.AVS 2216

Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Boj.(A. speciosa Sweet)Convolvulace ae : (firatg-da

Distribution : Throughout India,in areas upto 900 m elevationThe plant A very large climbing shrub with woody. white, tomentose

stems; leaves simple, large, ovate, acute, base cordate, glabrousabove. white tomentose beneath, f lowers large. purple, silky-pubescent without in long-peduncled cymes, corolla tubular-infundibuliform; fruits dry, globose, apiculate.

Parts used : rootsProperties and uses : The roots are acrid, bitter, astringent, sweet,

emollient, thermogenic, roborant, appetiser, digestive, carminative,aperient, cardiotonic, anti-infl ammatory. expectorant, diuretic,aphrodisiac, rejuvenating. intellect promoting, brain tonic, nervinetonic and tonic.T hey are useful in vitrated conditions of kapha andvata, emaciation. wounds, ulcers, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence,colic, constipation, cardiac debil ity, inflammations, cough, bronchitis,strangury, seminal weakness, nervous weakness, cerebral disorders.synovitis, haemorrhoids. obesity, hoarseness. syphil is, anaemia,diabetes, tuberculosis, arthrit is, ascites, leucorrhoea and seneraldebil ity.

"qwd fqvr+n {M<-+l Brrard IrqqqF'*,lrdidT csi*{-d-{E-* qsft rr" (3i.q.)

I Bastantri visaEand ha vayojaradAri kA chagal antriVisapatrikantravasta paryayairvrddhadarukam bhavati'' (A.ma.)l

"T6{ro-s qnrti esrni} df*tq iq€'q'b{gsif Tqre-,{,E* BilTa;rqF{ l" (q.fr.)

EngHinKanMal

SanTam

Tel

Elephant creeperSam an d ar- ka- pat, Sam u d raSos (gr<l{ -.fi l-rkt, {qqilq )Cand rapdda (aio{ood)Marikkunni, Maru-iutari, Samudrappacca(ocil€6',]ffril, ao;ro;so1, truoltag4)Vrddhadarukah, Bastantri (T6Eft-s,, q-Ril-d)

Samuttirappaccai, Samuttirappalai("Cp,o$ry,-ru$eos, eqgopb$qr-runcarcu)Candrapada (,:0€5}6)

191

Argyreia nervosa

r92

["Vrddhadaruka avegi jungako dirghavalukahVrddhah kotarapuspi syadajAntd chagat-ntryapi (Dha.ni.)l

Td-fl€-s 3Tdrfr fr{''l-+i *otEro+, tera, dIargd FTr( {qmr q|i:u-+verfr rrerwd g {fl{qrqT e-€d0 dfqrd-s, t- (+.fr.)

[ 'Vrddhadaruka avegi jongako linabalakahAntah kotarapuspi syat syama mahisavallarTAjAntri tu mahasyama vallari dirghabalakah ' (Kai.ni.)l

Ttrfi5 "F-SmEr: IF-{TkFFIT rqluF: Igdl qnTcqdryf :{isi-6+.q.sgq I I

{qa;tTffiqrffi+.{, s{, r" (rrr.9.)

[' Vrddhadaruh kasayosnah katustikto rasayanahVrsyo vatamavdtarsahsophamehakaphapranutSukl ayurbalamedhagnisvarakantikarah sarah' (Bha. pra.)l

-{€ifl-6, 6.gfuqirR|rnq, +'q-qfdrfu( r

{-dqTf'firA-6|sqTd({Er, q{, il" (s.fr.)

["VlddhadAruh katustiktastathosnah kaphavatajitSvayathukrmimehasravatodaraharah parah' (Dha.ni.)l

-y€Er5: sgkft s-qr{ilEil {{rrrFr: I

{qargffisqrFrs{firksl, F{, rr

f f i , r " (* . f r . )["Vrddhadaru h katusti ktah kasayosno rasayanahSukl ayurbalamedhyagnisvarakAntikarah sarahSopnamavAtavatasravatamehakaphapahah' (Kai.ni.)l

"$rTRUil gc-<ro, qfum: {.qFF6, I{srq.nwit rgt tw, 1a{, si1fr6, 11+lkqrg-+-t qe* v;q, gGr+i og, rBsiTi cr"-gtr'i erq +.Ri yi-eq.( rrutilqd qrrqrd Eki {hi q.s q+( l" (fr.{.)

["Sadharano vrddhadaruh katustiktah kasayakahRasayanosno mad h uro medhyah svaryaf.r saroJgn idahKantidhatukaro balyo rucyah pustikaro laghuhUpadam5am pandurogam ksayam kasam pramehakamVataraktam caniavdtanr vatam sopharn xaphani iayet', (Ni.ra.)l

qEetl riA=Trfiqt6qffiqqn 1edrrFrRFtctftTET, ViE;EUrqaJfrC-{E il+q.q, $o-qtil.ffupqiqFrs.rfr qft-5.nF{€: I

193

fuTfrcfrEqlM{srfr {$q-qrr" (d.fr')

["V;'ddhadaro grahonmadapapalaksmi vinaSanah

Apasmaramavataghnah sopha5ulapahoJgnikrt

Balyah kanthyojsthisamdhanakarl vatarujapahaf.r

Visucipratittlnyad ivyad h i ghati rasayana6 " (So' n i')l

"rife-S feq-aemffi tq€d 6FM {Tfqffi r" (c.fr.)

[" Sfamsini gulmahrdrogavigarocakanasini

Bastantr i kapharogaghni mutrakrcchravinasini" (Ma ni ') l

'T6Er€: s.qrrilst' RRA-ftil {€Tqql I

qrd erdrq-qrirswMt-dqrl siq r r" (q.F.)

1;Vrddhadaruh kagAyosnah sarastikto rasayanam

Vrsyo vat-mavatasra6ophamehakaphan jayet' (Ma'vi')l

Remarks: . Bastrtntri

' ot ivamatligarra ( Asldngahldayap ) and vrtldhadaru of

Mah i r i ' tn i t l i ko ' .s , tvan t ' t sahasra t 'ogom)afe in te rpre tedasmar ikkunn i in

Malavalam by most of the commentators'

ln the'Arun(tr la_r,n commentalY on Astdngahldayam the Malayalam

na(nemar l l t t . l ta r l i sg ivenforbus tan tT i . In the 'Osadh in igha4 lu .o fKumaran

Krishnan. the Sanskrit-Malayalam dict ionary of Kanippayoor and

.Ayurvedav iSvakoSar .n 'o fPand i tK .K.Pan ickar .chag 'a lan t r i , v rddhat la ruka .

andvrddut la r l /a re t rans la ted in toMalaya lamasmar ikkunn i .Bas tdn t r i i s

maru tu la r io fmaruk l i la r iaccord ing to ,Ayurv€dav iSvakdsam, .But there isno

mention of this word basruntrf in 'osadhinighantu' or Sanskri t-Malayalam

dict ionary. Murikkunni anl marututari are treated as two dist inct raw drugs

i n o s a d h i n i g h e n t u , a n d ' A v u r v c d a v i 6 v a k o s a m , . I n t h e , A y u r v e d i c

F o r m u l a r y o f l n d i a , a | s o b a s t a n t r i a n d v r d d h a d a r & a r e t l e a t e d a S t w o

distrnct ones. grving the Latin name as Arg-'--reia speciosa and Ipomoea

petaloidea, respectively. In the 'Glossary of Vegetable Drugs in Blhattrayi '

lpc lmoeapes-Caprae is theLat innamegivenforchaga lan t r tandbastdn t f i s

treated as a synonym of chagalantr i ' But in the'Pharmacognosy of

Ayurvedic Drugs' both Argvreia speciosa and Ipr'tmoea pes-caprae are

regarded as vrddhadartLka..giving the Malayalam names samudrapacca for

Argyren specrcsa and adumpu or cuvanna adumpu for Ipomoea pes-caprae'

DrS.N.Nesamanicons idersArgy- re iaspec iosaassamudrapacca inh isbook'Ausadhasasyannat. ' The commentators of 'BhdvaprakaSap"

' K a i y a d d r a n i g l ' . a n t t t ' e t c . . a . r e o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t t h e L a t i n n a m e c f

vrdt lhudir u is. l r3.rrr ' i r , sptLirtstt '

Aschr.tgal l lntr i iseslnorry.ala|bastt lrLtr|andasmilr ikkrtnnj isthe

lv!ala1,a.larn ncme given ltlr chngaltlnlri it ar:lounts to regard bastdntr| as

nrtrikl:,nt':iitsr'ii. Hence. the \laia.valarn narr,e n'.ankkunnl is applicable to

bsstdntrl as vrell as vrdcihadiiru'

I t l s s t r a n g e t o n o t e t h a t a l l t h e S a n s k r i t S y n o n . Y m s o [ v r d d h a d a r u a r e

19'i

given to Rourea santaloides W. & A. also. in'Indian Medicinal Plants'. Beinghighly poisonous it is not advisable to use as v'rddhadaru.

Thus. it is clear that in Kerala Argvreia nervosa (A.speciosa 1 is being usedfor marututari, mayikkunni and samudrapacca.

195

Coll. No. AVS 1691

Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Aristolochiaceae : <ffi-t,oq)

Distribution: Bengal, Western Peninsula, Gujarat, Deccan, Kerala andKarnataka

The planf A perennial prostrate herb with weak, glabrous stems; leavessimple, alternate, reniform or broadly ovate, cordate at the base witha wide sinus upto 7.5 cm in diameter, finely reticulately veined;flowers solitary with a large sessile orbicular bract at the base,perianth tube cylindric with dark purple lip having revolute marginsifruits oblong-ell ipsoid 12-ribbed glabrous capsules; seeds deltoidwith slightly cordate base.

Parts used: roots, leavesProperties and uses: The roots and leaves are bitter, acrid, thermogenic,

anthelmintic, cathartic, anti-inflammatory, emmenagogue, vulnerarvappetiser, sudorific and antiperiodic, and are useful in vitiatedconditions of kapha and vata, intestinal worms (especially roundworms), constipation, infl ammations, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea,foul ulcers, boils, syphil is, gonorrhoea, dyspepsia, colic, skin diseases,eczema, arthralgia and intermittent fevers.

"+ffi WTdr T{qq-dl q +tea r

+ffi, *zgqq q Tq'fr rSqurluriew l" (€.)

[" Kitamarl dhumrapatra gfddhtapatfa ca kitahaKitAril] katrapunkha ca bhmgT grddhraniraFtadha " (Sva.)l

"+tcfi,6m s TEfr +tcs€r dQTr t" ({rT.fr.)

["Krlarih kltamari ca bhmgi kitakaha tatha (da.ni.)]

EngHin

Worm killer. Bracteated bifthwot'tKiramar, Kitamar (+t{cR, *eqnlSanajal ihal lu (fr dFQ)6er,Attukottappala, Atutinnappala( rar95]o6,c5gcer,^ rorgs;otlcmogcet )KitamAri (6f4TRl)

Atutinnappatai (qg$r$orcornuurrcocu)Gddidagadapdku (n-&oncls)

KanMal

SanTamTel

196

Aristolochia bracteolata

portion of root

197

q.{6ur +tsqft sr(fd-ftr dq-rt{fr |@ 1 1|t1qqq1|qq5uqr q1q} rfiqrl-d-f( l" (R.)

["KatlsrlA kitamarT syat tikta dlpanarecanlKasagulmarajodogavisavisarpana6iniVisamajvarajidvranya jantughni riophasulanut,' (Sva.)l

"qrd{-Aq-qql v*.urefrfq g.fffufr 1" (fl.fr.)

["Vata6lesmajvarahara sandhyasthini prasarini,' (Sa.ni.)]

-+ffi rt trftr <a-gnf"erv'o r" (fr.fr.)

[" Kitamari rase ti kta dantakrmivisapaha " (So. n i.)]

198

Coll. No. AVS 1443

SanTamTel

lsvarmul, lsarmul (fV+qo, iqi{o)isvaberusa (912:ol1Karal ayar.n, lsvaramulla, Karalakam, Garudakkoti(6)oga0)q _gq.]'(r0loo]fl , dr@p6rq <no;cutoaensl)

Garalika, l5v?ri (rnfuot, ffi)Karutakkoti, lsvaramuli (sq5r&Gsnq, rr+oryg:c$))Esvaraveru (+*t1oJco)

Aristolochia indica Linn.(A.lanceolata Wt.\

Aristolochiaceae : (ifefi-to{)

Indian bidhwodisvarmut, isarmul (f{+r{isvaberusa (9r12:ol1Karal ayar.n, lsvaramulla,

9.?-: €.r'(roroo]fl, a,

Distribution : Throughout India,at low elevations, on hedges and bushesThe plant : A perennial shrubby glabrous twiner with a long woody root-

stock; leaves simple, alternate. short-petioled, entire with somewhatundulate margins; f lowers greenish white or l ight purplish in axil larycymes or fascicles with swollen or inflated basal part, contractedmiddle part and narrowly funnel-shaped distal part; fruits rounded oroblong or hexagonal, septicidal 6-valved capsules opening frombelow upwards; seeds flat, winggd.

Parts used: roots. leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are bitter, acrid, astringent, thermogenic,

purgative, anodyne, depurative, digestive, anthelmintic, stomachic,cardiotonic, anti-infl ammatory, diuretic, sudorif ic, febrifuge,antiperiodic, emmenagogue and tonic. They are useful in ulcers,vitiated conditions of kapha and vato, arthralgia. inflammations,leprosy, leucoderma, skin diseases, dyspepsia, intestinal worms,colic, flatulence, strangury cardiac debility, fever, intermittent fever,cough, catarrh, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, dystocia, abdominaldisorders in children and all types of poisonous bites and stings.Leaves are used to treat cholera, bowel complaints and intermittentfevers in children. A paste made out of the leaves is good forinflammations. The seeds are good for inflammation. bil iousness, drycough, arthralgia and dyspnoea in children.

"+ffirftfaor qffi qffiror rffi tW qrsd rt;o&qr rr

q stftr rqqErfcqt t" (€.)

199

Aristolochia indica

2U)

_f 'Kltamarirgaral

ika sarpini salpagandhilalSvarl kfttikavalll garudi nakulap;'ryaSunande5varamrlll ca prokta rudralatabhidha' (Sva.)l

"s}6frm ffiry" fcdrfu+r)f'Kgvelavega karalaka visavega' (Jyotsnika)l

"ryed +rdfssf$r(ttsd +.q-dm6r r' (6{cFqr)

['Garudi saryaviqalit kugthaghni kaphavataha (Hrdayapriya)]

W ffiqrs gnr e ssrqEq Iffi fr-dqrt frqi q1qi qilt tl

flqc'rE irni q{Fi dvv1l;iqq r{qrlsrsrqqqEsift qFryts q asrt( r" (R.)

f'M[lam tiktamativasya sugandham ca kasayakamVisahari tridosaghnam dipanam pacanam smrtamKrmighnamagadam proktam jvaraghnam kosthasulajitSvasakAsangamardadin sandhisopham ca nAsayet ' (Sva.)l

201

Coll. No. AVS 2411

Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp.(=A.vulgarrs auct. non Linn.)Asteraceae : (Tq' rRlE{-S-da

Distribution : Throughout India,in hilly districts, in areas upto 2,400 melevation

The plant : A tall aromatic perennial shrub, often gregarious, pubescent orvillous throughout; lower leaves ovate in outline deeply pinnatisectwith small stipuleJike lobes at the base, pubescent above, white -

tomentose beneath, uppermost smaller, 3-fid or entire, lanceolate;flowers in subglobose heads, in spicate or suberect or horizontalpanicled racemes, outer flowers female. very slendet inner diskflowers fertile, bisexual, bracts ovate or oblong, margins scarious,fruits oblong-ell ipsoid minute achenes.

Parts used : leaves. flowering topsProperties and uses : Leaves and flowering tops are bitter, astringent,

acrid, thermogenic, aromatic, anodyne, anti-inflammatory,depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, aphrodisiac, appetiser, digestive,stomachic, anthelmintic, febrifuge, deobstruent, alexeteric andhaematinic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of vata and kapha,cough, asthma, bronchitis, cephalalgia, nervous and spasmodicaffections, infl ammations. leprosy. skin diseases, pruritus, strangury,amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic,intestinal worms, fever. hysteria. measles and anaemia.

"?sfrqtq, €-dFR: {TT$FF' vrgtFr+,vrg{i+{rr+, gq1,6uq} gS, rr "(q.q.)

f'Rsiksamah satyaparah sadhakah sadhugandhikahSadhufmunifdamanakah damanah kathyate budhaih" (A.ma.)l

202

EngHin

KanMal

San

TamTel

Indian wormwood, FleabaneNagdona, Davana, Dauna (;rFrdf;TI, <-*+r, *+r)Urigattige, Urruvalu (eruOrtLlrd. erud;de;r)Makkipprlvu, Ma6ipatf (odolgtd, ocuolo4orl)

Damanakah, Damanah (Eq{S:, qqT:)

MAsi pattiri, Makkipprl (LonG)u$$rfl, LoriGlug)Masipatri (:rS:q.l)

Artemisia nilagirica

ffiY

,.",.H-if ."d,female f lower

inf lorescence

203

-3d <{i-+1<r+ gfrgrwfrrr{, 1

rRMt TgdA ffid, EF-otli[€6: l (tTi.g)

['Ukto damanako danto muniputrastapodhanahGandhotkato brahmajato vinitah kalapatrakah' (Bha.pra.)l

3rsr qqq6< Eq-n <liil r;sM gFr$Eo' r

E sl q cTu-g{rir a-{qa gu-st-+-{q rr

irFRgt5T: c-i cffi ffiq r

Eov*{q ffir*fq qqs;fiq', l" ({t.fr.)

f'Atha damanakastu damano danto gandholkato munirjatilahDandi ca pandu?ago brahmajata pundarikascaTApasapatrah patri pavitrako devasekharascaivaKulapatrasca vi nitastapasvipatradca saptadhatrikah' (Ra. ni.)l

"<q-{q-drftild Ad qq, gqftffi, 1

@ l t " ( q T . q . )f'Damanastuvarastikto hrdyo vrsyah sugandhikahGrahanivisakuslhasrakl edakandutridosar it " (Bha. pra.)l

"(q;r: Rr( {i iilfiir ffi TiltrqK I

triffi 6-a, sl-qgvrcE, yit, l (q.ft.)

[''Damanah syat rase tikto visaghno bhutadosanutTridogasamano hrdyaf.r kandu kusthapahah smrtah " (Dha. n i.)l

"<r+, rfl-ca;k*: sqr{sE?6'{q E€dq-6{: I

r<frM ffiraf*orwq, Rr( 1" ({r.fr.)f 'Damanah

sitalastiktah kasayakatukadca kugthadogaharahDvandvatridosadamano visavisphotavikaraharanah. syat" (Ra.ni.))

"(T{: ssfrnrra( grfu €rfi, r' (S.fr)f'Damanah kaphapittasrahrt sugandhi rasayanah" (So.ni.)l

"<qq<q{Rd-d td Wfrrinrfq rF16k 6sii 6!E t€-*-ARfqsrJEl rr

' (*.fr.)f ' Damanastuvarasti kto hrdyo vrsyastridosanut

Nihanti kaphajam kand[m kuslhakledavisagrahan" [Kai.ni.)]

'sc+IPret€rsi<,ou-qFdvlwq" (c.cr.fr .)f 'DamanoJkqiprakuslhasramedaIkandItridosarit" IMa.pa.ni.)]

204

Artocarpus communis fPtataTo-l

, ' i . '- . ' . /

,!4,

--_z{(

--fruit - part exposed

Coll. No. AVS 2455

Artocarpus communis Forst.(=A.incisus (Thunb.) Linn. f.)Moraceae : (+a-5Oq2

Distributlon : Cultivated throughout India

The plant : A tall, fast growing evergreen tree, l2-18 m in height with

thick yellowish grey bark; leaves large, simple, incised, dark green;

flowers in catkins; fruits prickly, globose, brownish or yellowish,

composite, usually seedless.

Parts used : fruits. latexProperties and uses : The fruits are bitter, sweet, acrid, cooling, diuretic.

stomachic, cardiotonic, appetiser and galactagogue. They are usefulin vit iated conditions of pitta, anorexia, f latulence, colic, cardiacdebil ity- and agalactia. The fruit is a tasty and nutrit ious vegetable.The latex is useful in external application forhyperadenosis and

abscesses.

"wnrel g ffi, g<rfrq-(TfS: rffi Sq+s, frJftrffii-+, rrfrdffsroTri: Rr(sffro qfr qa, r" (€.)

['Panasasya tu paryayail;r kgudralpapadapurvakaih

Procyate kgudrapanasah sojtivistarapamakahN irlriiapbalapufr:rah syat sadiphala iti smrtah " (Sva.)l

qg{ *96 gfl-{ss qii ET( ll

a*a w+a+r flciflsqr<r€1( t=I€qli<l.6t e;zi eifi a rcr-qil lr (8.)

i' M adhuram katukarir ksud rapanasasya phalam sm ftar.nM r-rtralam stanyajananam pittasrajvaradAhanut

Gulnnas[laharam rucvam hldroge ca prasasyate' (Sva.)]

EngHinMal

Bread fruitBilatti kathal (idorR 6zeo)Ka!appilavU, Simap!avu, Kataccakka

1a,sgilacoi, crdlo6co'i, €,s4d6,)Ksudrapanasah (tlTFRT:)Simai ppala (ScoLruuorlr )Simapavara (Ss:ro)

SanTamTel

201

Coll. No. AVS 2190

Artocarpus heterophy llus Lam.(A. integrifolia auct. non Linn.)

Moraceae (+a-gq;

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Jackfruit treeKathal, Cakk (s-56O, qqd)

Halasu (6e;fo)Plavu, PilSvu (?dcni, -ilacoi;Panasah (q{g:)

Palamaram (ueDnLoqlb)Panasa (rsl)

Distribution : Throughout IndiaThe plant : A large monoecious evergreen tree with very dense rounded

crown, 18-25 m in height, bark black mottled with green, rough withwarty excrescences, heartwood bright yellow, sapwood pale; leavessimple, alternate, coriaceous, entire, dark, shiny, green above,penninerved, lateral nerves 7-8 pairs, stipules sheathing, leaving ascar on falling; male flowers crowded on cylindrical receptacles;female flowers crowded on globose receptacles-both cauliflorous;fruits multiple, large, fleshy, globose or oblong, covered withtubercles; seeds oval, with a membranous testa, cotyledons unequal.

Parts used : roots, leaves, fruits, seeds, wood, latexProperties and uses : The roots are credited with antidiarrhoeal property.

The leaves are useful in fever, boils, wounds, skin diseases andvitiated conditions of pitta and vata. The unripe fruits are acrid,astringent, carminative and tonic. They are useful in vit iatedconditions of kapha, dyspepsia and debility. The ripe fruits are sweer,cooling, oleagenous, laxative, aphrodisiac and tonic, and are useful invitiated conditions of vata and pitta, and ulcers. The seeds are sweet,diuretic, aphrodisiac and constipating. The wood is a nervinesedative, and is useful in convulsions. The latex is useful in dysopia,ophthalmitis and pharyngitis.

"q;q' Te,ot€Tr{q Miq-q .3;n6d, IF6rs-d tfq?hfi cgt.ilq sEqi ll" (31.q.)

f'Panasah svapasara5ca moratoJgraja AhalahMahaphalo havirgandhT madhuro moca ucyate,, (A.ma.)l

208

-t * "**q&ed\.

*,

u tJ t fJ,, V--:1

rJ- lo

E]

o

o.ooo

o

o.G(Jo

cqq< rrdr€d, s-ftr{: rFe'taTF: I€tOsE-S-OTiq @f{.ieff(: pl!f: ll

['Panasastu mahasarjah phalinah phalavrksakahStulakantaphalascaiva syanmulaphaladah smrtahApuspaphaladah putaphalo hyangamitastatha,' (Ra.ni.)l

"{dq"6€eqqr: {zTr( 6-u-ek'm-deqr Ic;t-$Rr$qs-O 3r{rd rpt6o-Cs 1- (+.fr.)

f'Slesmatakasadrkpatrah syat kantakiphalastathaPanasastvasayaphala asayo garlchakantakah" (Kai.ni.)l

"q+vr, s-o-aforro r++jn-$s.o, | ({T.9.)f 'Panasah kantakiphalah panasoltibrhatphatah' (Bha.pra.)l

"{t-aPIS(5-O: frq6, q4g, S'o-a+1(Eo: I

TflSO-6T+d Te{ur 6.Trgr5o{ireT ilqoslffi-s gq q t" (R.)

['Brhatsthtllaphalah proktah panasah kantakiphalahMrdarngaphalakascaiva sthIla kandaphalastathaApuspaphalakadcaiva phalavarsika eva ca ' (Sva.)l

"qfii yfl-dai c-*i fu'd ffi{ors6{ Id{"i T6q g1S fu q6q6 TTft rl@ g-o-* Ek {qdfrnqrderr{ I3Trd d-q Mr qra;6 gfl T5 rlild-fi qg{ q-€{i o.r.RtFds+q rqrCrE5d-ffi qqrfur qgqflq q rr

1stu esEr{+tfr qeqrrtu {eR rq-qr q++rfr qd qnfut-os-rc-6, rrmqrq q+ir qsq! $qfud:<-drEF{Fr, I

" (r{T.e.)

f'Panasar.n sitalam pakvam snigdham pittanilapahamTalpanam brmhanam svadu mamsalam slesmalar.n ofsamBalyam suklapradam hanti raktapittaksatavrananAmam tadeva vista;bhi vatalam tuvaram guruDahakrt madhuram balyam kaphamedovivardhanamPanasodbhntabijani vrsyani madhurani caG u ru ni baddhavit kan i srstarn 0trani sar"rvadetMajja panasajo vrsyo vAtapittakaphapahahVi5esat panasri varjyaf,r gul mi bh irmandavahni bhih,, (Bha. pra.)j

"cq{ Edr e.rg 1a ffi\ qm-aq r

idrfti T{qgsq-< T6 sqfu{ilErrl rlelo F,s.Hidq$qq r

2 l l

e,ilfun€i q-ei ElEq qg{ I€ ll

aEffi sqlftqFr-mrfil, rc4dfirn€i c-*i ffi eE qft-dd{ rra{"i 6q qq qm-di rd;qd TeT{ |qei fu'q qi-gTd qrdffterqtaR ttqqritEr1a_ffi qqfu q$fu q t

Totrr q-€-d-dfu q€{arfu atF q tt

rqr nqrR firne} gq rzbqrirorqE r "

rt.fr.l

f 'Panasar.n tuvaram svadu guru vistambhi vatalam

Tiktam panasapuspantu guru vaktlavisodhanar1

Panasasyaphalam balam kaphamedovivardhanam

Vatapittaharam balyar.n dahaghnam madhuram guru

Tadvisesadvivafiyam syad g u I m i bhird urbal agni bh i h

Raktapittaharam pakvam vipake svadu sitala1n

Tarpalam brmhanam vfqyar.n mansalam sl.egmalar.n blsam

Balyam snigdham jayedvatam ksataraktaksayanapi

Panasodbhutabijani vrsyani madhurani ca

Gur[ni baddhavarcamsi srstamr-rtrani tani ca

Malja tasyapi pittaghno vrsyah slesmanilApahah' (Kai.ni ') l

"5=q c-{q-sc q ETE qq qogT{ |

au v, werFcd'rq g6pamF6T-qvq tt

5 r+wae tsqFsR4d E{I{€\

iEii sr-dEt iq q* qrfr dql qilt ll

@r" (8 . )['Rucyam panasabijam tu svAdu vfgyar.n balapradam

Hrdyar.n ca, asyatiyogastu s0ladhmanAdikrt param

Vrntar.n panasapatrasya kifrcittiktam lvarapahamProktam vataharar.n caiva patram capi tatha smftar.n

Mulakvathastvatisaravatas0lagnimandyahrt' (Sva.)l

q-{i cg{ {frfu-o5o aer ee-4@q r

Fh-fqlft v gdi wl rr€ffisFj lTr a-q-ff era-a ry t

irsrdgr id6r{Ei wq er*q+w+( tt-qro

E ctci €cl qsqq+ a firr{ t

uffi e-aqqfii cl{€ qo qtl tt (u.fa.)

[ 'Panasanr madhurant supicchilamguru h Jdyar.n balaviryavrcidhidamSramadahaviscisanasanamrucikrdgrahi ca duriaram Param

212

isatkasayar.n madhuram tadbijam vatalam guruTatphalasya vikaraghnam rucyam tvagdosana6anamBalam tu nirasam hrdyar.n madhyapakvam tu dipanamRucidam lavanadyuktam panasasya phalam smrtam" (Ra.ni.)l

q{sR r5d qrd qorq€qf-qq rngr €tez6 q-€zi g-dr !5 ilna{ il+lqai e.q qg{ g5 qld +qy<{ rn-<Wsr *q crterdcfuqE rrd-fl-+i {fl-d-di flfr fu'd d Efrercq 1qrgqk-fi €r5 ct{rd s ss'eEl rls-ei gGffir q-{sr{s fdr qsc. rqrd efisri wki erq aQ1fr 11re #q cgr Tq fuer* * ,dFr sEc wRT-ft g€{k-fi q6q 11" 1fr.1.1['Panasasya phalam camam malavastambhakmmaramMadhuram dosalam balyar.n tuvaram guru vatalamKomalam tacca madhuram guru balyam kaphapladamMedovrddhikaram caiva dahavAtaprapittanutTatpakvam sitalam dahi snigdham vai trptikarakamDhatuvrddhikaram svadu mansalam ca kaphapradamBalyam puslikaram jantukarakam d urjaram vrgamVatam ksatakgayam raktapittam cariu vyapohatiTasya bijantu madhuram vf$yar.n vislambhakam guruTasya puspam gurustiktam mukha6uddhikaram matam" (Ni.ra.)l

"gqs14oel Do5tu olggl a,o-ococac6rueJloJao

orc(d)culo "-rlrooot;.

oc"o. uoalgccnlo o]5rno oio].

a,5a1aer;. gooc<icrflael;. ouenlgcroro otdoro5rn;.

cn;cn1ao;. goocr.rScrilaolo ccncollog gcog gcnrorolcn;.

'J€odgo elgilo€ocflc or'lcmcoE crusbsocaoi orc)o.

'165)66)l(0 J doo6 ot5"u5eonui au: ;oean g ccD gojl o

oeto rosyunDl alLroooto oolgpaogcmorccr) orc;.

olgd ajdodolo;ot;a,ud ocDloo ro(rudlc6,e()c:

otaoe{o Loilcac"siuoacDcogotlo 6t"}JJono6rDo eL"oll." ((,}.olc.)

f'lticcakka matrttullu kaphamedobalapradamVatavum pittavur.n dAhar-n samippanuni gunam guruKrmikkum jatharagnikkum balamillatta marttyanumGulmikkum jatharagnikkum novul loru janattinumCakkappal.am bhujikkolla tinnAl sankatamayvarum

2t3

Cakkakkurukkal vrsyannal madhurannalate{favumM alam taluttu mrltratte ol i ppikku nnatayvarumMulacca cakkakkuruvukal madhuram rasapakayohVfgyam tridosasamanameffavum brmhanam laghu" (Gu.pa.)l

1 1 , ' tL L l

Coll. No. AVS 2456

Artocarpus hirsutu,s Lam.Moraceae : ({a-5Eq2

EngKan

Mal

San

TamTel

Wild jack

Hebbalasu (daguxr)_

Ayani, Ayaniplavu, Afrfrali, Afrfli l i

1 <orooxn1, <orocornl6coi, <orEoome-r1, <agoorrrlen)

Lakucah (Ogq,;

Kattuppala (srr-@uuorn)Pejuta (l*e^:)

Distribution : Evergreen forests of the West CoastThe plant : A tall, evergreen tree with a straight bole and dense foliage;

bark grey, smooth, sapwood white, heartwood yellowish brown;leaves ovate, stipules yellow, hairy; fruits spinous, oblong orcy-lindrical,5-7.5 cm long, yellow when ripe.

Parts used : bark, leaves, fruitsProperties and uses : Unripe fruits are sour. astringent, sweet, -

thermogenic, indigestible, anaphrodisiac and constipating, and causeflatulence, colic, tridosa and rakta vitiations. The ripe fruits aresweet, sour, appetisel cooling, aphrodisiac and indigestible. They areuseful in vitiated conditions of. vata and pitta and anorexia. Aninfusion of the bark is applied to cure small pimples and cracks onthe skin, and the powdered bark is used to heal sores. Dry leaves areuseful in treatins bubose and hvdrocele.

"o5dr iiryqWno, 6ffi s6q66, IsS: 6,r${q {r{q €tds-*n i-qrq{q: il ({r.fr.)

['Lakuco likuca6sAlah kaSayi drdhavalkalallQahuh kaf5yaSca 5ura6ca sthulaskandho navahvayah' (Ra.ni.)l

"uqq, s1fr frm, *crAIEh ogRqT I*.s-ffii qtfr qo{u-6flq-d, r" ({.fr.)

l'Lakucah svarase tiktah kagyosno laghustathaKaphadosaharo dahi nalasamgrahadayakah'' (Ra. n i.)l

215

Artocarpus hirsutus

twig with maleinflorescence

fruit part exposed

216

"3Trd o-fqryr s $ Hqarff,er I

rgi v aurai q ffiaqrtrf-( ttg*at-rawn eft ffid qd{ t

gq.€ il{ eg{ca qifrofrt-e( tt

-T-qtr"- g,€,i qq fqsj'!l-s s r( r' (rns )

['Amam lakucamus4am ca guru vigtambhakrttathaMadhuram ca tathamlaqn ca dosatritayaraktakrtduklagninasanaq vapi netrayorahitam smrtamSupakvam tattu madhuramamlam canilapittahIKaphavahnikaram rucyam v!'9yam vislambhakam ca tat" (Bha'pra')l

6t-s T+r Asi m-dqqq{:I5 |

rtrrq-{ ToRi a goi rGjfcol "q+i g srg ffir gq ffiq1r" f*'f+.)

f'Lakuca1n tuvaram cosnam phalesvapyavaram guru

Raktapittam valAsa1n ca ku ruteJharatefn i lam

Pakvar.n tu svadu vistambhi v!'9yam dosagnivarddhanam" (Kai'ni')l

"dg-q T6 M{ €rra cqaFmfs-( t

tdlaq-rrfr qm{qg*l Wafi-cqnr+( rr" (q.8.)

f' Lakucar.n guru vistambh i svAdvaml am raktapittai it

dleSmafari samiraghnamusnam suklagninasanam (Ma'vi')l

"d{-q T€ M{ *s-flg+a*tqq r" tfr.tr.1

f'Lakucam guru vigtambhi dosakft sukla6osanam' (So'ni')l

2 1 7

Coll. No. AVS 2148

Asparagus racemosus Willd.Liliaceae ' 11$q-q.oq)

EngHin

Wild asparagus

Satavar, Satamuli (qiflcR, Tm^qfO)Callagadda (?,3er_nQ

Satavari, Satavali (uorocorc1, croorco.re-i;Satavari, Abhiru ({rdwfr, 31ffi5;

Kilavari, Satavali (G)cr;nolrfl, cgnorcrg)Satdvari, Callagadda (r.r:s, ;:qnE)

Mal

San

TamTel

Distribution: Throughout India,in areas upto 1,400 m elevation. alsocultivated

The plant: An armed, climbing undershrub with woody terete stems andrecurved or rarely straight spines. young stems very delicate. britt leand smooth, leaves reduced to minute chaffy scales and spines:cladodes triquetrous, curved in tufts or 24: flowers white, fragrant,in simple or branched racemes on the naked nodes of the mainshoots or in the axils of the thorns; fruits globular or obscurely3-lobed, pulpy berries, purplish black when ripe, seeds with hard andbritt le testa.The tuberous succulent roots are 30 cm to a metre ormore in length, fascicled at the stem base, smooth, tapering at bothends.

Parts used : tuberous rootsProperties and uses: The roots are bitter, sweet, emollient, cooling,

nervine tonic, constipating, galactagogue. ophthalmic, anodyne.aphrodisiac, diuretic, rejuvenating, carminative, appetiser, stomachic,antispasmodic and tonic. They are useful in nervous disorders,dyspepsia, diarrhoea, dysentery, tumours, inflammations, vit iatedconditions of vata and pitta, burning sensation, hyperdipsia.ophthalmopathy, nephropathy, hepatopathy, strangury, scalding ofurine, throat infections, tuberculosis, cough, bronchitis, gleet,gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, leprosy, epilepsy, fatigue, hyperacidity,colic, haemorrhoids, cardiac debility, hypertension, abortion,agalactia and general debil ity.

"roi5* vrcv-fr vmad rmrafr r

2r8

Asparagus racemosus Plateit )

f . . -

-fru i t

tuberous roo t

IIItI

qmqufr dfrflTffi-or qf+uzrfir lerWrfr +cfr ct{fr ffi rs{a-dqt rgn qfrrtd(+++.u-5fir 11

qct.riT qflS{reER-sT r" fd.fr.lf'BahuputrA satapadi Satamull 5atavarlNarayaqri dvlpi6atrurdvipika d harakantakaAbhirustunrgini ke5l pivari dvipapivariSahasraviryA madhura phanijihvordhvakantakaRsyaprokta suksmapatrA mahapurusadantika " (Kai. n i.)l

yrdrdft {rdq-fr ffi ofr rrffiqr dfrvraffT*liqc+Fzr-ql rl

{ccr|-{r {crNr s Es{or wdrqTqr Irnrq"fr €|gtff frar{sr oscFr6r rr3lrcq{relT qcrTol lrd-+qi rffi Icg{r rrd{n q *Rror g6}fi-+r rrifl-crcq M *.rwfi ergH +ffi r

$f{rffiqFniqfiT*='*-* llq-ovmefr *{r EEfirn qvF-s.r rR-{s-frqi $sr {6r96tr(ksT tl3;s*5l-ar q-6rtr sfrrfuqql rrtrqrdr I-94"i gff v rr ({.fr.)f'Satavari satapadi pivarindivari variBhirurdipya dvipi6atrurdvipi kalmarakant ikaSuksmapatrA supatra ca bahumula satAhvayaNArAyani svadurasa Satahva laghuparnikaAtma6alya jatamIla Satavirya mahaudaniMadhura satamula ca ke6ika satanetrikaVi6vakhya vaisnavi karsni vasudevi variyasiDurmara tejavalli ca syattrayastrinsadahvayaMahasatavari vira tungini bahupatrikdSahasravirya surasA mahapurusadantikAUfdhvakanta mahaviryA phanijihva maha5atASatavirya suvirya ca nAmanyasyastrayodasa" (Ra.ni.)l

"{rdrdfr T€, TfdI ftffir Rrfi rsrq-fi r

fqrFrgfufl frr'tTl +qr lerftwnfo-q rrWam-e-$-A qeqr qnfimrssilqiq-( rc-drvrdlqfr ieqr Esfi qql wr+fi 11

{ffi Fft-d{ffiIqr{rqqq r' (qT.e.)^ . ; . -f'Satavari guruh sita tikta svadvi rasayaniMedhagnipuslida sn i gdha netrya gu I mAtisaraj itSu kl astanyakarl balya vatapittasrasophajit

221

Mahadatavari medhya hrdya vrsya rasayaniSitavirya n i hantyar6og rahar.rinayanamayan' (Bha. pra.)l

"atdFttrefr gw ra6ia-wt vnrqfr tq-t-d fu Eilr s iqrm rru-ruqSilffi g6qr {n-dr rsrq-fr roqFmeuk*rmgl q4lq${I qdl: r- (g.axr)

f'Vatapittahari vrsya svadutikta satavariMahati caiva hrdya ca medhagnibalavarddhiniGrahanyarv5ovikaraghni vrsya slta rasayaniKaphapittaharastiktastasya evankura smrtah' (Su.Su.46.)l

"qnFw{r qqr {-+t fitt rsr+$ ter5, r'rdrdfr @r'ig {u-a rr " (q.fr.)

f'Vatapittahara vRya balya Sita rasayaniSvaduh satAvari tailaghrtayogesu pujita ' (Ma.ni.)l

"trdrr0 Rcr td-{-dr {i €9, e'fcrqfu( rsrdtrr-w qqr {qFrcRr qdl tl{-6s-*qi iw g e-ar qqr rsrq-fr r

{ffi ftp5nqm{q-{rrq111ccE:t-{ftTdlsd isgei,v+Ic-€, 1" (u.fr.)

f'Satavari hima tikta rase svaduh ksayasrajitVatapittahara vrsya rasayanavara smrtaSahasravirya medhya tu hrdya vrsya rasayaniSitavirya n i hantyarsograhaninayanamayanTadankurastlidosaghno laghurapahkpayapahah" (Dha.ni.)l

"{rd'-ddf f6f qq r$ ffit r6s-drdEt ftrR qaA€ rsfql rr

{rdrdt-d"i qq cgr ffiefsc{ rrcfr +qelilrfr id{dr A€T rsrq} rr6,tFFn-f{Ifuffnanql lgr{t;{r qdr t" ({r.fr.)

f'Satavaryau hime vrgye madhure pittajitpareKaphavatahare tikte maha6resthe rasayaneSatavaridvayam vfgyam madhuram pittajiddhimamMahati kaphavataghni tikta srestha rasayaneKaphapittaharastiktastasya evankura smrta" (Ra.ni.)l

"Trdr-dfr ftqr fu{dr ETdi Td rsrqfr rgk'w g-rddr qEqr {irqiqTtr{gfuEr 11agwr anfimlsserdmrcts|wqc-6rvrilqft Aat tqtrias{f,dfl trT€"q{ilfikir'rd {ffi rsrq-fr r

222

n<-{5;fr egRild Ed euRrdqq ttF ER qt?tttTsr6ufrT<-qeTqr{ r- r*.t{. )f'satavari hima tiktA svadvi gurvi rasayani

Susnigdha 5uklala balya stanyamedhagnipustidaCakgusya vatapittaslagulmatisara6ophalitMaha5atavari hfdya medhagnibalaSukl ada

Grahanyaf6ojkqirogaghni sitavirya rasayani

Tadankuro lagh ustikto vrsyo hrdyastf idoganutNihanti vatapittaslagrahaligudajaksayan' (Kai.ni.)l

"{rdrd0 g q$r {ft-dr Eqt q la-m{'I t

{sr+i T€, st5, fuqt YqIr<T qdl ll

srffiFil*.fr EEqr iqr {+a*t qm r

agqr SFrffut-rs-+tdqrlFrer tl

{ffiiq5F{6d ytsrfrsR-{rRrfr |

+S gn rfr'nel rvrwr gfrflrfar rrq€Rrtttqt 6ar iqr qffi 1

Ifqadl Yffi s Ereztt qqr rqr+fr rr

eryhFiT6utffi r

lur.F{qsrq fui.Il, {qtqr, ss{lT Iq' rr '

(fr.r.)

f'satavari tu madhura 5ita vrSya ca tiktaka

Rasayani guruh svaduh snigdha dugdhapladd mata

Agnidlptikari balya medhya 5uklakari mata

Cakguqya puq! i krtpittakaphavataksayapahaRaktadogagulmahantri 5ophatisarana6inT

. Taile ghrte pfayogaftha pla6asta munibhirmata

Maha6atavari hfdya medhya cagnipfadipaniSuklalA sitavirya ca balya v19ya rasayaniAfSahsanrgrahaniroganetrarogavinasiniGunahyasyastu vijfreyah purvayah sadrsa gunaih" (Ni.ra.)l

"uoolcolol€o'lpegnloo8o ocrDo arlJo{Dtrolo<o;

(r)J6InmD] 6t'ulocro5rDo olLorcacnsl.Oicn. o.rcor.j1rorogi1ail

I ptrnlororuroogoldaol" cocncr.rlcn'leruelol6a1)o)o." ((,].oJc.)I t"datavarikkilannife rasam kaccumatrttatu

I Cunantu brmhanam mutfadoEaghnar.n vatapittaiitIndriyattepperuppikkum medognibalavafddhanam " (Gu.pa.)l

Remarks: Most of the herbal dictionaries in Sanskrit describe two kinds of Asparagus

viz. iatavari and Mahaiatavsri. Of these, Mahaiatavari andits synonyms have

been identifie d as Asparagus sarmentosus Linn'

In Kerala, however, all the different species of Asparagus are regarded as'sathvari.

223

Coll. No. AVS 2194

Av errho a caramb o la Linn.Ox alidace ae : (qrt{-T-oq)

Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant: A small,handsome evergreen tree about 9.0 m in height with

close drooping branches; leaves compound, alternate, leaflets 5-11,glabrous, glaucous beneath, base oblique, acute; flowers variegatedwith white and purple in short racemes. chiefly axillary or sometimesspringing from the stem; fruits ovoid, 5-angled, indehiscent,yellowish berry, seeds arillate.

Parts used: leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The leaves are antipruritic, antipyretic and

anthelmintic. They are useful in scabies, various types of poisoning,pruritus, intermittent fevers and intestinal worms.

The fruits are sweet, sour, thermogenic, constipating, febrifuge,antipyretic, antiscorbutic and tonic. They are useful in diarrhoea,vomiting, hyperdipsia, haemorrhoids. intermittent fever,hepatodynia. scabies. various kinds of poisoning and general debility.

-+.qlr' +.frfr, crdq-o, s{r{q T{R-s: r

T{Rs.d[q qnlsat6< ffiq lr" ({r.fr.)[" Karmarah kaJmarakal.r pitaphalah karmaraSca mudgarakahMudgaraphala6ca dharaphalakastu karmaraka5caiva" (Ra.ni.)l

"sfqri fti TrR Rrrei sserd6-{ r' (rr.c.)

[" Karmarangar.n hi mam g rah i svadvamlam kaphavdtanrt " (BhA. pra.)]

'rtrrfa swrtq qtr6( fr66'yqq, I

224

EngHinKan

Mal

San

TamTel

Carambola apple, Coromandel gooseberry

Kamarakh, Kamarari'ga (Srl-(Gl, 6rftrn)DCrehuli(drdd9)

Catu rappu I i, I ru rii pan pu I i (" rto]coglel polocrdulgil)

Karmaraigah, Karukah (+ftql', 6'r5s')

Tam arattai (gnL-orypiclrg)Karamonga, Tdmaratama (s5-J)cA, a-5565)

soltEoL(!(,(goL

o

225

qffi{g qg{r6, srR {osfufus(, il ({.fr.)["Karmarakolmla usna6ca vatahft pittakarakahPakvastu madhuramlah syad balapugtirucipradaf" (Ra.ni.)]

"q,qi{s q-o qpi qtErai ekfirq I

swi fr-f,di iq ils*i qgR cn{ tlercd q q-dgdii n-+{+q g {dq r" (fi.r.)

[" Karmarasya phalam camar.n grahyamlam vatanadakar.nUqnam pittakaram caiva tatpakvap madhurar.n matamnrirtam ca balapusJlnar.n ruce5caiva tu valddhakam" (Ni.ra.)l

(

I

(

I\

226

Coll. No. AVS I97l

Azadirachta indica A. Juss.(Mel ia azadirachta Linn.)

Meliaceae '(t+w-goel

Mal

SanTamTel

EngHinKan

Neem tree, Margosa tree, Indian lilacNim, Nirhb 1fie, f+e)Turakab6vu, HuccabEvu, Cikkabdvu(6OEz3(€. 6)qz3eo -z:r*a*o)Veppu, Aryaveppu, Aruv6pptl, Kaippanvdppu(cori, or96qcod, Grgolcorg, ooo,gcrE cold)

Nimbah, Prabhadrah (F|raf', 9tK,)Vempu, Veppq (GoLLbq, Gouq)Kondavepa, Turakavepa (S-c5.3i' trcs3::)

Distribution: Throughout lndia,in deciduous forests, also widely

cultivatedThe plant: A medium to large sized tree. 15-20 m in height with a clear

bole of 7.0 m having greyish to dark grey tubercled bark; leaves

compound, imparipinnate, leaflets, subopposite. serrate. very

oblique at base: f lowers cream or yellowish white in axil lary panicles.

staminal tubes conspicuous. cylindric, widening above, 9-10 lobed at

the apex, fruits one-seeded drupes with woody endocarp greenish

yellow when ripe. seeds ell ipsoid, cotyledons thick, f leshy and oily'

Parts used: bark, leaves. f lowers, seeds, oil

Properties and uses: The bark is bitter. astringent, acrid, refrigerant,

depurative, antiperiodic, vulnerary, demulcent, insecticidal. l iver

tonic. expectorant, urinary astringent. anthelmintic, pectoral and

tonic. It is useful in vit iated conditions of pilta, hyperdipsia, leprosy,

skin diseases. eczema, leucoderma. pruritus. intermittent and

malarial fevers, wounds, ulcers. burning sensation. tumour,

tubercular glands. anorexia. vomiting, dyspepsia. intestinal worms,

hepatopathy, cough. bronchitis, urorrhea, diabetes. inflammation,

amenorrhoea, lumbago, haemorrhoids, otalgia' syphil is and fatigue'

The leaves are bitter, astringent, acrid. depurative, antiseptic,

ophthalmic, anthelmintic, alexeteric. appetiser. insecticidal'

dimulcent and refrigerant. They are useful in vit iated conditions of

piua, b:urning sensation, leprosy, skin diseases. leucoderma, pruritus.

ophthalmopathy, intestinal worms. dyspepsia. ulcers, tuberculosis.

boiis. eczerna and malarial and intermittent fevers.

22',7

6

, l. t6 l. l

EE

<ir

o.9!

G+,C'G.:!,oN

228

The flowers are bitter. refrigerant. ophthalmic, stomachic,anthelmintic and tonic. They are useful in vit iated conditions of pittaand kapha, burning sensation. ophthalmopatht'. colic. dyspepsia,intestinal worms and general debil ity.

The seeds are bitter, acrid, thermogenic, purgative. emollient,anodyne. anthelmintic, depurative, vulnerary. uterine stimulant andurinary astringent. They are useful in tumours, leprosy. skin diseases.odontalgia. intestinal worms, haemorrhoids, pulmonary tuberculosis.ophthalriropathy, wounds, ulcers, constipation, dystocia. antenataldiseases. urorrhea and diabetes.

The oil is bitter anthelmintic. anodyne and depurative. It is usefulin vit iated conditions of vara, chronic skin diseases. syphil it ic sores,indolent ulcers, ringworm. scabies, intestinal worms, chronicmalarial fever and leprosy.

"31q ffi6, gqq, fqgqq, qrftr1{+] i{q r

sFfi-tro: diqt ffiqsq v+frrrE: tlqq-n iq{frffi qqiq, filsrt+, yfrd, IqrfdEdi|Mr ftf+qiu, rr

s'Mqqq-n iqr qrqr g ffi, | " ({r.fr.)

["Atha nigaditah prabhadrah picumandah paribhadrako nimbahKakaphalah kiresto netaristasca sarvatobhadrahDhamano visirnaparno pavanestah pitasarakah 5itahVaratiktojristaphalo jyesthamalakadca hinguniryasahChardanascagnidhamano jneya narhna tu vimsatih' (Ra.ni.)l

"frq, pqr( ftrgc{ga fugc<a-q 16s6, 1gTfi€, qtftlm{q ft{Frqis E-sh rr" (q.y.)

["Nimbah syat picumardasca picumandasca tiktakahAristah pari bhad ra6ca h i rng u n i ryasa ityapi " (Bna. jra.)l

ffir rrqrci idr Tq-gq-<, qfrfi-s i3Tfr€, €-*Ar(: gqq: ffir{fiF: r1

{-*.eqT-dliq'tr qq}q} ERGtrr, Iil-<? fqFmiq Qinrit r|qEq, l" ($.fr.)

t 'Nimbo niyAmano neta picumandah sutiktakahAristah sarvatobhadrah subhadrah paribhadrakahSukapriyascifnaparno yavanesto varatvacahChardano himguniryasah pitasaro ravipriah" (So.ni.)l

"ffi6, E6g, cr+ og, vfl-dlFr*rc{-q ruT{q€dr sn-(l@{ l@gqqqlqrR yErdi i+sqs rEaFm+qqfr{ rrS€ri srd-q"i @ ffi< I

229

dEt-(c-{fur ftqR qurqlfr ffiq6, 11Vrem t+qq-*s +rs{qrs|s-{rRri r

5frw g qRsr iqrqteqrk{Rrfr trag6q i{qgq a TfrfffirwEq rsmdi *-gcr+' sqRqiiq6cr{r+( rls.-o idn {q cFi +-g+ H og re{ssTgq ted 1-qwi,5fri-qq rrf+q{q rfii tgr qirad

fu'd s?t viliqirfmti Iq,+ tr{iki :rq-{rcqFt

srdqrqd lo frfui a rrftq+qs qwil q 1fugq;ffirs' 1arqq t{qd fu Tfute*qqE( rr3rqqrq€fir( q+r*fu{, cfddrc-q l" (+.fr.)

[" N i mbastiktah kat uh pake lagh uh sitolgn ivatakrtGrahyahrdyo jayet pittakaphamehajvarakrm[nKusthakasarucisvasahrl lasadvayathuvrananGrahi pravalam nimbasya raktapittakaphakrminKusthaghnam vatajanam netrarogan vinasayetTadvat patfani nimbasya vranaghnani visesatahSalaka nimbapatrasya kasaSvasavina6iniKrmighna tu varistha syat kusthajvaravina5iniCaksusyam nirirbapuspam ca krmipittavisapranutVatalam katupakam syat sarvarocakana6anamPhalam tiktam rase pake katukam bhedanam laghuAruksamusnam kuslhaghnam gulmar6ahkrmimehanutNimbasya pakvam madhuram satiktamsnigdham phalam sonitapittarogeKaphe praSastam nayanamayaghnamksataksayaghnam guru picchilam caNimbabijasya majja ca krmikusthavi5odhanahNatyugrlar.n nirirOala1n tiktam krmikusJhakaphapranutAbhyangannavanat ksirabhojinah palitapaham" (Kai.ni.)l-r+q,

{fidr ogqt'6 s-Ec|drjitr{qrq( |sr6a, xrggometr@w3q rr

@ 1f{qri Ea txi FfcFmfuscE( rrqTildi sEq6 q seilr{s-t6j( I+Ri s-o {fr id-ni q+ g W tfi( rlfu'd o{si tBEi laql{i, Tfuqq(|| (qT.e.)[Ni mbah sito laghurgrahi katupakolgnivatanutAh rdyafr Sramatrtkasajvararuci krm ipranut

230

Vranapittakaphacchardikusthahrl lasamehanutNimbapatram smnam netryam krmipittavisapranutVatalam katupakam ca sarvarocakakusthanutNaimbam phalam rase tiktam pake tu katu bheoanamSnigdham laghusnam kusthaghnam gulmarsahkrmimehanut,'(Bha. pfa.)l

'ffi46qs, vfl-a) og, r$qtsfun-fl |

t660-qgsr|{efr ffiba, tr3Tr+i c|qaaiili ElT q€ fucinra-{ rTrigmr FE"i Ao Fkt€ffirq-q rlErdr-*iT[aqq qcroe*q{c-6{ r " (q.tr.)

["Nimbastiktarasah sito laghuh slesmasrapittanutKusthakanduvranan hanti lepaharadisil i tahApakam payayecchopham vranam pakvam visodhayetNatyusnam nimbalam tailam krmikusthakaphapahamVataraktaprasamanam madalakshmijvarapaham', (Dha.ni.)l

rpr<$, qrtqfa {n-didf,ffi+q-*urtffi rEeTsftr1qEffiFs-{

ffiesqffi?-(ffii g qT.Twr Tfu-tqssnq | " ({T.fr.)[" Prabhadrakah prabhavati sitatiktakahkaphavranakrmivam isophasantayeValasabh id bah uvisapittadosajitVisesato hrdayavidahasanti krlNimbatailam tu natyusnam krmikusthakaphApaham" (Ra.ni.)l I

frq{et og, yfl-dfu+dt urfr *-4, qr r3ffis qqgfft146pq, tl{irwrs-*-t qrd ifiir cai rfr gd, r@, r ren Ee s E{(r6 ryq s.rs q. {q|3r€Fq rtriri q i-€ +q is-ffrt( rr$Iqo, qE€{{qfR qr{s} qrcor+, rc{dfrii }aiFi tq +s ffi( rrfrtr ftt+ur dlprfl4i q-d{ 1" 1f{.1.y["l'Jimbavrkso laghuh sitastikto grahi katuh smftahAgnimandyakaradcaiva vranasodhanakarakahSophapakakaro bale hito rudyo mato budhaihKrmivantivranakaphasophapittavisapahahVatam kustham ca hrddaham Sramam kasam jvaram trsamArucim raktadosam ca meham caiva vina6ayet

23r

Komalah pallava6casya grahako vatakarakal;tRaktapittam netlarogap kuslham caiva vina5ayet

Jifnapafnam viSeSena vlapana6akaram matam " (Ni.ra.)l

"Frq{s'TR gqttrt fitnqrtr ffiqd, t

ffi s TF{qfr daTI6s-drtFl s tl

t+q+q {eqvnsr E s,srdrsr{i,rIqtl I

TFrtt€rr nrftr v.-o wi og Eir( tl

futi q H +*i i-egsFqqT{rq t

3TFi q-o tt fu vtd g +3o q6111

fu'ti oErr t€q 1eqqi,lfrt-qq t

Frq-d-qs qwr ! gwd r1fir+rffi tt

FFq+d-{ TEq id-fii 5ka vq r

fqq{srs l_{qr{q rmdmdi {il{ rr

FFi 6"-{ q"i E€ SEi iq ffi( | (Tn. fr.)

["Nimbavlksasya puspani pittaghnani viseSatah

Tiktani ca klmighnani tatha kaphaharani caNimbasya s[ksma6akhA tu kasasvasaJ6ahgulmahaKrmimehahara pfokta phalar.n camam laghu smfar.n

Snigdham ca bhedakam cosnam mehakuslhavinasakar.n

Amam phalam rase tiktam pake tu katukam matar.n

Snigdham laghr.rsnar.n kusthaghnam gulmarSahkrmimehanut

tr,tl moaoijasya majja tu kusJhaghni krminasini

N i mbatailantu kusJhaghnam tiktam krmiharam param

Nirirbavrkgasya pafrcangar.n raktadogaharam matam

Pittam kandum vrar-'ra(n daham kusJham caiva vinasayet " (Sa.ni.)l

coLgilocrio orocer'l a,4lgg] u0omca,or;oSenaoi

ta,1 o14,1"'dooLlofuo nl'lroToo cnc<rocold a'l.lcno rolrD"

(dro(oJldd5mo$ corod6$| a4lstgg (0cDo or(0o

cDc(d)J€oog oa,slgpaer;" crucrn'l.lcoxool'ltDlo cDJ5IDo

oJc{Do aJndOo Ldio'lo,ono LoJ6ID6BBUidO}o (')}5IDo (6)}Gelco" ((,}. dc.)

["Veppinie toli kaccul I u sitamakayumuntatuKpikuglhavisam pittam naSayed dipanam hitamAtyug4amalla veppenna kaccittulla rasam paramDhatukkale ketuppikkum sannipatattinum gunanVatam kustham krmikapham vfanannalkkum gunary tulom" (Gu.pa.)l

t 'itIII

)a)

Ct

B,(N(HSc

a.l-1.

t l(

llL

Bacopa monnieri

DiTh

Pa*i

dr-

+i.t " F

Ph

Coll. No. AVS 1426

Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennell(Monniera cuneifolia Michx.)(Herpestis monniera (Linn.) H.B. and K.)

Scrophulariaceae : (+3mT -TeH)

Distribution: Throughout India,in wet places upto 1'200 m elevationThe plant A prostrate or creeping, juicy, succulent, glabrous annual herb

rooting at the nodes with numerous ascending branches: leaves.

simple, opposite, decussate, sessile, obovate-oblong or spatulate.entire, fleshy, obscurely veined, punctate; flowers pale blue orwhitish, axillary, solitary', on long slender pedicles; fruits ovoid. acute,

2-celled, 2-valved capsules, tipped with style base; seeds minute,numerous.

Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is astringent, bitter, sweet, cooling, laxative,

intellect promoting, anodyne, carminative, digestive, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, depurative, cardiotonic,bronchodilator, diuretic, emmenagogue' sudorific, febrifuge and

tonic. It is useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and vata, biliousness,

neuralgia, inflammations, epilepsy, insanity, amentia, tumours' ulcers,

splenomegaly, ascites, dyspepsia, flatulence' constipation, asthma,bronchitis, skin diseases, leprosy, leucoderma, erysipelas, syphilis'hoarseness, strangury, elephantiasis, dysmenorrhoea, sterility, fever

and general debility.

"qqfr iqtq-{fr {sfir+.r {critr q {qfufrr t

ffi s vqn frd, qqt{qrq+: qFrm rr -

(31.q.)

["Brahmi medhajananl rasadhikA saptala ca yavatikatAPhenavatl ca jah.rka dabdaih paryayavacakaih kathita" (A.ma.)l

Eng

HinKanMal

San

TamTel

Thyme leaved gratiolaBarami, Jalnim 1ffi, vofi;Nirbrahmr(h€gbJB rdh mi, Nirbrah m i ( ieru"rion' crfl tnrar"rio'l)

Brahmi, Sarasvati (dr{fr, vrWfrl

Nirpi ram i, Pi ram iyapundu ($rir-lrydl, rflqLdlrr r!ter6l@)Sam brdn icettu (,] oqr c3;e,2)

235

L

.9trcotrGOo7 ,o igtoo

tro

"drqfr w€-fr Cmr r-.wq* d$-drfiefr r" (q.cT.fr.)[" Brahmi sarasvatT soma satyahva brahmacariai " (Ma. pa. ni.)]

"qem sqrdrE rT q Crr{d vtqfr r" (qr.c.)["Brahmi kapotavanga ca somavalli sarasvati" (Bha.pra.)]

"dTq4 €tqr frf{ffiqr ffifl rrdrq$ rilffi'n dqr q {q ilflg-q-d-dr l

' (q.fr.)

[" Brahmi sau mya vi nird ista divyateja mahausad hiKapotavega tvasta ca saiva brahmasuvalcala" (Dha.ni.)l

"qqf t6qr q{r fr+-dr egdq q vfra-ar r6.qrqr qg{r REcrflgqr wrqfi rr*qi qfcra SeqrEMu-q tfesvts-qfdfr -" ( T.s.)

["Brahmi hima sara tikta laghurmedhya ca SitalaKasaya madhura sv-dupAkayusya rasayaniSvarya smrtiprada kuslhapandumehasrakasajitVisa5ophajvarahari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " (Bha.pfa.) l

"drqfi yfdr 6qr.n q tcqar gkc-<t Tdr tfqrg{ffi {ra6T REar ttg' rlsud{ffi 6flr qtrfl q t{lFr;n I

6flr +6 f+i 5e cr"-g +li qi st( u

@r{qd $i s-*iFi +.m.Erdrqqr1si-( rr

- (ft.t. )["Brahmi 5ita kagaya ca tikta buddhiprada mataMedhayuragni.jananl saraka svadula laghuhKanthaSuddhikari hrdrya smrtida ca rasayana

frdva mehar.n visam kugtham pandur.n kasam ivaram jayetSophakandI plihavataraktapittarucirjayetSvasam 5oqam saryadosam kaphavatamayan layet" (Ni.ra.)l

"qqm g nAo'gqT sfFqpqffifi 1q{s,+rllqfr itqr qrmrqic<r cn rrtctr asr sg,q+ vqrg€lq@ l- (rr.fr.)

["Brahmi tu picchilayugya saronmadavimaldiniVayasahsthapani medhya vaksvarasmftida paraTikta hrdya katuh pake Svasa5leSmanikrntani " (Ga.ni.)l

"qqm g tffi {-d itqr fuftr +qn-6r t" (rr..f.)

['Brahml tu bhedini gurvi medhya tikta kaphapaha " (Ra.va.)]

"qqqi ftqT vrr Rqdgdqr rqrq-fr r

) 7 1

€qi qFdl-<r t;sdrfi!-g+dssmkd. ltqq{iTsq.fl - - -'(c.cr.fr.,c.fr.)

["Brahmi hima sara svadurlaghurmedhya rasayaniSvarya smrtiprada kusthapandumehasrakasajitV isa6ophajvarahara . . . . . . . . . . . " (Ma.pa.n i . ,Ma.v i . ) l

"ilEm dqr {0 trffr {i$cru-gqiTr6r Iffi 56-6o-qf ffiq(1" (q.fr.)

["Brahmi saumya rase tikta sophapandujvarapahaDipani kusthakandughni pllhavatavatasajit" (Dha.ni.)l

"agfrqfrfu-sqqffi Id-rRr:P:rFffi iqrdr{s{ftTfl cq rrfuffr 6flr sg,vr+ qml7ffi |

' (d. fr.)["Brahmi ca picchilayusya saronmadavinasiniVayasahsthapani med havAksvarapittada paramTiktA hrdya katuh pake svasaslesmanikmtani" (So.ni.)l

"qr{fr id-ffr s{T leqr EFvw Etrgsrc6-d: I€qi qfdrsdfuqT stfir qr q rsrsfi rrsqsrqqrd rqq fuq{imqnq-o Is.srmFr6r d-e vlu-gldqflqtqE il " (Fs.)

["Brahmi tikta sara medhya kasayA svadupakatahSvarya smrtipradAJJyusya prokta sa ca rasayaniUnmadapasmrtim hanyat visasophajvarapahaKaphavatapaha saiva pandumehasrakasalit" (Sva.)l

Leruo-<iolaeilgg ocuo ooo,cr)u; cn]crDo crdlcorc.democcl) otolo

6,6nolc (D 66r} grE <romimr;. Loleman;oE cac BCo t6ri glo

genaccr) o.lcmcei uoolgpao;. o.r'lcootcna,oo ol(0o (cn]. dc.)

["Brahmikkulla rasam kayppu gunar.n SidsnamayvarumKaphavatannal arsassum vranagulmodarannal umUntayvannal 5amippikkum virecanakaram param" (Gu.pi.)l

Remarks: In Kerala. brahmi is identified as Bacopa monnieri and is sometimescalled nirbrahmi also.

In north India. however, brdhmi is commonly identif ied as Centellaasiatica (Linn.) Urban, which in Malavalam is known as mutti l . l t seemsthat this identification of brahmi as c. asiatica has been in use for lons innorth India. as Hemadri 's 'Commentary on Astangahrdayam'(Ayurv€darasayanam ) treats mandukaparnf ( C.asiatica 1 as a synonym ofbrahmi.

Materia medicas l ike Rajanighanru' and 'Kaiyadevanighantu, followHemadri in treating mandikaparni as a synonym of brahml leading to

23rt

confusion in the identi ty of brdhmf. The author of 'Dhanvantarinighantu',

however. treats mandikapaT4i and mandiki as svnonyms of aditvabhakta(Helianthus annuus Linn.). PV Sharma in 'Dravyagunavi jnan'fol lows

Hemadri and identifies mandtlkaparnf as brdhmf and gives a description ofCentella asiatica. Besides. he uses a Sanskrit name aindri f.or Bacopamonnieri and adds a few propert ies to i t . apart from those that are given forlaghu brahm[ by 'Rajanighantu'. But i t must be noted that no*'here hasaindribeen identi f ied as brdhm[. In Kerala. aindri is identi f ied under rheMalayalam name kattttvellari ( C itrullus coloct nthis (L. ) Schrader).It has to be pointed out that brahm[ and mandikaparni (mandrtkf1 areentirely dif ferent plants. as Susrutasarirtr i t6 in 'Rasdyanavidhi '

describesM andi kaparnis v arasarasav ana and B rahmlsv arasarasay ana separately.Again brahmi and mandikr- have been regarded as two drugs in theformulation of Astdnagaghrtam in'Astdngahrdayam' (Uttaram- Chap.I).

'{qa$Gr qo_{+1 rTq€gd rrar+fr rd$AqrTdT dT{m - ---------il

["Vacendulekha mand[ki sankhapuspi 5atavariB r a h m a s o m a m r t a b r a h m i . . . . . . . . . . " )

Besides, the famous Commentary on 'Astdngahrdayam'by Arunadatta

(SarvAngasudari) treats mandfikaparni as nrandikl only. Further'BhavaprakaSam' , 'Madanapa lan ighantu '

and 'Madanav inodam' a f te rdescribing the properties of brahmf state Ihat mandttkaparn[ possesses alsothe same properties tn-rq cr{*qFFfr). Hence, these two are entirely differentdrugs.

The'Glossary of vegetable drugs in Brahattrayl ' and the'AyurvedicFormulary of India' identify brahml as Bacopa monnieri and mandikaparniand manduki as Centella asiaticu.

Thus, we have to conclude that the brahmi (nirbrahmi) has to beidentified as Bacopa monnieri and mandikaparnl (muuil) as Centellaasiatica.

239

Coll. No. AVS 1435

Baliospermum mont&nwn (Willd.) Muell'Arg.(B.axillare B/.)

Euphorbiacssg ; (Kug-$da

HinKanMalSanTamTel

Danti (cd)KdduharaluNdgandanti,

Danti (r&)

(EDdJdde)))

Danti 1mc<naoor1, oaofl)

Ndkatanti (f"*,s.EB)

Adavidmudamu, Kondadmudamu ! : ^ : . ! \ \ \ A \ \ \ l

Distribution:'I 'hroughout IndiaThe plant: A stout undershrub 0.9 - 1.8 m in height with herbaceous

branches from the roots; leaves simple, sinuate-toothed, upper ones

small, lower ones large. sometimes palmately 3-5 lobed; f lowers

numerous, in axil lary racemes with male flowers above and a few

females below; fruits capsules. 8-13 mm long, obovoid, seeds

ell ipsoid, smooth, mottled.Parts used: roots. leaves. seedsProperties and uses: The roots are acrid, thermogenic, purgative, anti-

inflammatory, anodyne, digestive. anthelmintic, diuretic' diaphoretic,

rubefacient, febrifuge and tonic. They are useful in anasarca. dropsy,

flatulence, constipation. jaundice, haemorrhoids. leprosy' skin

diseases, strangury, vesical calculi. wounds. splenomegaly, anaemia,

leucoderma, fever and vit iated conditions of vata. The leaves are

good for asthma and bronchitis. The seeds are drastic purgative,

rubefacient, hydragogue and stimulant' and are useful in vit iated

conditions of vata, inflammations and flatulence.

"Frqfffi f{gnn q;fr t+n g5afl qfrqr rsqfu* s gufiqt freqH ifu tt++{o-swor im +r+tqqtr+t t*jqfr q ltRfr {rd, qqlffi, rl " (31.{.)["Nirddisyate nikumbho danti citra mukulaka Sighra

Upacitfa ca visalya ghunapflya tiksnarecanl ceti

SaiveraqQaphala prokta kakodumbarapatrika

240

241

Sfansani ca mukundeti sabdaih paryayavacakaih" (A.ma.)l

-(S {nsr Yaqqr{r f{5Elfr

{rrreimr <fid-fr rilTfd{r IrrET Fsr ffi qg{-ol

fr,qeqt Rrg-m-q:f,T Fvreqr rrcggfto-sser rfltko-sqF-+r rsE'qrs6r +E doufr q$e$ rrF{inrn a tffi q iqr qttr+firqqqr r "({r.ft.)

["Danti sighya Syenaghar.rta nikumbhinagasphota dantini copacitraBhadra rr.rksa rocani cAnuk0lanihsalya syadvakradanta vi5alyaMad hupu gpairandaphala bhadranyerandapatf kAUdumbaradala caiva taruni car;rurevatiVisodhani ca kurirbhi ca jneya cagnikarahvaya " (Ra.ni.)l

"trmrF,Flffi fq{hrfi I+i€qo€qr nwn rrffi sddstr-( r" (c.fr.)

["Tikta krmivisacchardirkaphasraghni visodhaniKo$ha6ulahara coEna nagini sarvadosarit" (Ma.ni.)l

"q{ q-q|{sqr qp$ $6q3ffi r6u-Ecrcrq-6r tquifirfr lF6qw r " (rr.fr.)

["Danti vahnisama pake sophadadruvinasiniKandup-mapaha kusthadhvansini krmihrt para (Ga.ni.)l

"<d freoilEr{q,g6r qq-drd6q-r}q r31qilETrr{Tfrrloqefr ffinrfr l" (q.fr.)

["Danti tiksnos4akaluka kaphavatodaran jayetnrsovppsmari60tan hanti dipanasodhani"(Dha. ni.)l

"<-S 6-{ElT qun-e1frqqrFfr a m rq{ffirfr ffi c{r n" ({r.F.)

['Dantl katusna s[lamatvagdogasamani ca saArsovrana6marisalyasodhani dipani para' (Ra. n i.)l

cnccnacrofloorol4tggl ol6rDo ofladcemc"democcr) orc1.

cnlooonn ooglcolgccnlooLoolo ar;onoco) orc]. (crll..Jc.)

[Nagadantiyericcullu gunam tiksnosnamayvarumNiratte teliyippanumetfayum gunamayvarury" (Gu.pa.!

Remarks: 'Abhidhanamafljari' describes two more varieties of this plant viz.velutta nagadanti and cerunagadanti.

242

. . G-(+r-ri F{ cr+ rS q s3:dq+q r

Tsr€wqTI$Rf :nu{tshEr6-fl | Itreptr60i ER fo{rsqrwirrdc.f*-t r" (qT.c)["Dantidvayam saram pake ras€ ca katudipanamGudanguraSmasularsahkandukustavidahanut

Tiksnosnam hanti pit tasrakapha6ophodarakrmin (Bha.pn.)]

Bhavaprakasam' describes two varieties brhaddantt and laghttdan lr- (big andsmall) and gives the same propert ies for both and i ts commentator identi f ies\rhaddanti as Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.

Hcrnever, the synonyms given for dantl, viialava is considered to be mEntonni'(jloriosa superha Linn.) and nikumbha as nalkolppakonna (whrte variety ofr )nerculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso) by Ayurvedic practitioners.

. .: !.dian Medicinal Plants, gives the Malayalam names danttka, nirvafam. -':.:. attukku, nagadanti and nlratimuttu for Baliospermum montanum and says. : i the seeds are some t imes used as a substi tute for Croton t igl ium. (Again, the.-: :or adds that the root is considered cathart ic, and is useful in anasarca. droosv.-, : ,aundice.) From these quotations i t is clear that the Malayalam name.--- :.),,t /Croton rig/ium ) given for rhis is a misnomer.

.-, ^.\ e r. rn all Ayurvedic preparations wherever the names dantt and nagadantt

. -r : :entioned, the root of B. montanunr is being used.

1 ^ az+-)

C,r//. .\'r.,. AVS 2286

B ambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.Bambusaceae : (q{t-toqJ

EngH i nKanMalSanTamTel

Thorny bambooBarirs, Kantabdms (ei-q, +-u--d-q)

Bedru (dUMula, l l l i (otg, pf l l )

Varh6ah, Venuh (cl-{t', E[u1")

M ul m 0n kil (gD6iTqgrL,r6on )Vedurubiyyam, Veduruppu, l) : jL3)\c.

Distr ibut ion: Throughout lnd ia, in arcas upto 2.100 m c lcvat ion

The p lant : A ta l l thornv bambot) upto 30 m in hc ight wi th manv stems.

tu l tcd on stout root s tock. nodcs prc lmincnt . the l t lwest r t l t l t ing.

in ternodes upto 45 cm long. s tem shcalh cor iaccous. orangc-vc l low.

st rcaked. g labrous or puberulous bencath. base roundcd. c i l ia tc ' . t ip

st i f l ' , midr ib narrow. lcaf sheaths wi th a shor t br is t ly aur ic lc . l igu le

short : sp ikelc ts g labrous. ve l low or y 'e l lowish grcen. in very lonq

panic les. of ten occupyrng thc whole stcn.r . f lora l g lumcs.3-7 in

number, the uppcrmost 1-3 male or ncuter . lod iculcs 3. hyal inc ' I 3

nerved, c i l ia tc : f ru i ts oblong gra ins. beakcd by the sty lc base.

grooved on one sidc.Parts used: roots. leaves. sprouts. grains and bamboo manna

Properties and uses: The roots are sweet. astringent. cooling' laxative.

depurat ive, d iuret ic and tonic . Thev are usefu l in v i t ia ted condi t ions

of kapha and pitta,lcprosv. skin diseases. burning sensation.

d iscokrurat i t )ns. s t rangur l ' . r ingrvornr . u lorrhca. ar thra lg ia andgeneral debi l i ty . The leaves are sweet . ast r inge nt . cool ing.

emmenagogue, ophthalmic. vulnerarv. constipating and febrifugc.

They arc useful in vit iated conditions of pittu, ophthalmopathy.

lumbago, haemorrhoids, d iarrhoea. gonorrhoca. amenorrhoea,

dysmenorrhoea. wounds, skin diseases and fever. The sprouts are

acrid, bitter laxative. thermogenic. anti-inflammatory, digestive.

carminative, anthelmintic and diuretic. They are useful in

inflammations, ulcers and wounds. dyspepsia. nausea. intestinal

worms, flatulence and strangury. The grains are acrid. sweet.

thermogenic, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac. alexeteric and tonic. They

are useful in vit iated conditions of kapha, urorrhea, intestinal worms

244

Ge

Q' EE|r)

\>p

o(Df

!

Io)O

r>l !

cLoooJtlEoo

> oo i c- X

3 oo 9

o@

o)

1 A <

and general debility.The 'bamboo manna' is the sil iceous secretion found in the

internodes of the stems of various species of bamboo. It occurs infragments or masses, and is translucent or transparent and of bluishwhite colour. It is astringent, acrid, sweet, cooling, expectorant,constipating, cardiotonic, haemostatic, aphrodisiac, diuretic,febrifuge and tonic. It is useful in vitiated conditions of pilta andkap ha, vomiting, diarrhoea, hyperdipsia. burning sensation, leprosy.jaundice, cardiac diseases, haemoptysis. haematemesis,haemorrhages, bronchitis. cough, asthma. tuberculosis, strangury,stomatit is, syphil is. fever, ophthalmia and general debil ity.

'ffI AE,qd {ilq-qi rrereit +-ertF{: I

eEsT{qur*-g, g#++, #qor q-qq-or {qr( il" (q.q.)

["Vam6o venuh parvi sataparva maskarasca kalmagahTvaksdrastrnaketuh sutinakah kicaka yavaphala syat" (A.ma.)l

"qffi qw-t d-{fr gc-di yqrrqpsq: Ieiqil }EffiilRure+q, tl

vmq-qi vr<qro, 6-qffiqqR-6, r " (*.fr.)

["Kicako maskaro vandi suparva gatpadalayahVarir5o veluryavaphalastmaketustmad hvajahSataparva sabdamalah karmarastvacisarakah" (Kai.ni.)l

"u11q-+m-dt iE, +qkq"r-#g+, rq16{: {rf,qqi q i6uaro: qo-e+1 aen ttq-6ri-dt T6rJFr@ vgfq, 1

u-1dt Eaor-sw Rrit <rop1fo6, 11

sTlTrq 6-frit qvrqgrq zrqsor€I: I

a-s qfuq so, cd aqr +ru-sqfrryq n " (rt.fr.)["Vam6o yavaphalo venuh karmarastmaketukahMaskarah Sataparva ca kantaluh kantaki tathaMahabalo dt'dhagrandhirdrdhapatro dhanurdrumahDhanugyo drdhakandasca vijfreyo banabhumitahVam6agrastu kaniro vamsanku radca yavaphalankurahTasya granthistu paruh parva tatha kandasandhisca " (Ra.ni.)l

-<qr' {t itc, Rrs oqrrit qfta-{inr+, r

ei-qq, *,sknq, g6ruEvRhsfu( 11

a-6-fr{, 69, cr+ A FQt 95, qq' 1

s-srq: 6s-:f-(REffi q16foq5, il- (qT.y.)

I Vanrsah saro himah svadul;r kaSayo vasti5odhanah

l-16

Chedanah kaphapittaghnah kuslhaspvpqrasophajitTatkariral] katuh pake rase rukgo gurulr saraf.rKaqayah kaphakrt svddurvidahi vatapittalah" (Bha.pfa.)l

'dTFGr6:q,qr.r{q argfdffiFq {frild, r

{rf-qcl-6r{i,fctrfl6rsHrvl{: I r

nmruflETqdt €WfttuK r" (q.tr.)[" Vansastvamlah kaEaya5ca ka! uti ktasca sital ahM utrakrcchrapramehaJ'safpittadahasrana6anahPittasradahakrcchraghno rucik[paryanirguna1n " (Dha.ni.)]

"-irfr ie6l oqrd q WsRd e rffi r

a*gqrM,fimcrourwri rro-fri Wtmra +vni 69 lfrirat rtrrmqeq Etu5--(qd i{'K r" ({.fr.)["Varirsau tvamlau kasayau ca kifrcittiktau ca sitalauM r.rtrakrcchraprameharsahpittadahasrana5anauKariram katutiktamlam kasayam laghu SitalamPittasradAhakrcchraghnam ruci krt parva nirg unam " (Ra. ni.)l

"dTr< {trtrd, FIg, qqrd qftng}q-4, I}({: qffifrilFtqeilq.-f,ufiq€: tiT6-fr{: 69: cr+ {A €Qt g€, s1, Isqr.r: {t}qd, sgffi q16fr65' [' (+.fr.)

["VamSastu sital ah svad ull kasayo vasti6odhanallChedanah kaphapittasrakuqthasophavranapahahTatkarirah katuh pake rase rukso guruh sarahKaqayah sl esmal af.r svadurvidahi vatapittal ah " (Kai. n i.)l

"dvil aqrs+iqnfq4, 1i1q-4gs, 1!qf, 6-frtt, I{q: q'sqrcilqimil rr" (fr.fr.)

["Vam5o vfanas!'asambharabhedanah sophanasanaf.rVenoh kariral;r guravah kaphamarutakopanah " (So. ni.)l

: {frrls: {r(d qa, tqft6qfu6q' qts-"Aqn ffi1qa' ls.q. rtr5si fini SB sM doi aql r

TrfqcM1<r6{iq ffi( rr " (fr.r.)

['Varh5ojmlastuvarastiktafr frtalah sarako matahVasti5uddhikaral-r svad ucchedano bhedako matahKaphaq raktarujar.n pittam kusthar.n sopham vplar.n tathaM[tpklcchlapfamehaf6an dahafrcaiva vina5ayet" (Ni.ra.)]

247

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Bamboo grainsBdms kd cdval (irs 6I sl-l-o)Bidrakki (z16$er$JMulayari (o]go,ql)Varh Sayavar.n (q{Ffs)Munkil ari6i (qgrnGlou eflO)Ved0rub6am (3or64c$\o)

'ffi tgd-q{-q {q-$ {q-6uga, rd{rqFi s eyn{d futirrBw qdrr" (t.fr.)["Veaujo verlubijasca varirsajo vam6atandulahVamsadhanyar.n ca vam5ahvo venuvansadvidha yavar.n " (Ra. ni.)l

'yfl-d, +.qrd rgtq stt

@emwwrS f u q + 4 q c o q c iftilrqd aErrq, v{re, tt" ({.fr.)

l"Sitan kasayo madhurastu rukgomehakfmi6leEmavi gapaha5caPuslim ca viryam ca balar.n ca dattepittapaho venuyavaf.r prasastaf.r" (Ra. n i.)l

"dvrw g qffi d{cfrif q qtFrot rtirtqcsT igq-ql M Evr*a-+1 rr

+fdqqi+ffrq-{r"(3r.c.)["Varhdaja tu bhavedvan6l vansakslri ca vansikaVamSodbhava venubhava vaipavi tmaketakiVarirdarocani ka ceti paryayairyamSarocana" (A. ma.)l

"RniTrird{I ffi gtnstfr iFI {q1 |d*frt tivm {x d$cfrt s M n' (ql.e.)

[" Syadvarir6arocanA vamdi tu gakgiri tu gja su bhaTvakksirl varh6aja Subhra varirdakgiri ca vainavi " (Bhd.pra.)l

248

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Bamboo mannaVarhSal6c ftfurdrqlBidru (aadr)Mulahkarpp0ram, Mulankall[ 1a1ge,dd]o., 0]96,S)Varh 6ar6can a (qYRIq{r)Mulankarp0ram (qgorrrirs$grLb)Veduruppu (35D6CJ)

"riTrqr iituft g6qT qen rqrfi q ffrrar r

{sTl6T€q{{qrqqTqfrfltss'Frcr, | |ttq gE dui cr5i +vrqr qrd-f-qfu( t- (qT.q.)

["VarirSaja bfrirhani vrsya balya svadvi ca sitalaTJgnakasajvara6vasaksayapittasrakamalAhHaret kustham vranam pandum kasaya vatakrcchrajit" (Bha.pra.)l

'gqr €sTr g gfl cg{r rmqkt-q r

d-at qqa51urfi g.ut qqkq+fr rrq € q r @ l

rffki iqi 5;g srq-dr crugtqo.t tl

ErE Esr aor gEq * q {r{dr( rqrdd +q Rq ffi, rr' (fr.r.)

["Tuga rrlksa tu tuvara madhura raktasuddhikrtSita 5ubhavaha grahi vrsya dhatuvivardhaniBalya ksayasvasakasaraktadosaruci pranutRaktapittam jvaram ku9!ham kamalam pandurogakamDaham trsam vranam mr-rtrakrcchrar.n daham ca nariayetVataghni caiva vijneya vaidyasAstravisiaradaih' (Ni.ra.)l

249

Coll. No. AVS 1638

Baningtonia acutangula (Linn.) Gaertn.Barringtoniaceae : (W5<WO-+Oq)

Distribution: Throughout India,in deciduous and evergreen forests, mostlyalong the banks of rivers, streams and tanks

The plant A medium sized glabrous tree 1O-15 m in height with pale greyslender young branches and rough dark brown bark; leaves simple,alternate, obovate-oblong or elliptic-cuneate, the margins minutelydenticulate or crenulate, main nerves 10-13 pairs; flowers fragrant,dark scarlet, in pendulous many flowered racemes; fruits bluntlyquadrangular, narrowed towards the ends, crowned by a smallpersistent calyx.

Parts used: roots, leaves, fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are bitter, cooling, aperient, antipyretic,

stimulant and emetic. They are useful in catarrh, intermittent fevers,splenomegaly and constipation. It is similar to'cinchona' in actionwhen administered in malarial fever. The leaves are bitter.constipating and tonic, and are useful in diarrhoea and dysentry. Thefruits are acrid, bitter, cooling, anthelmintic, galactagogue, alexeteric,vulnerary, dgpurative, emetic, purgative, expectorant, diuretic,emmenagogue and antipyretic. They are useful in vitiated conditionsof pitta, colic, intestinal worms, agalactia, wounds, ulcers, skindiseases, leprosy, splenomegaly, cough, bronchitis, strangury,dysmenorrhoea, intermittent fevers, ophthalmitis, cephalalgia,lumbago, syphilis, nasal catarrh and hallucinations.

"{rTfirc sqd wq( troTftt( |sgEs-dFrflR crq qrai ftryqrq|, n" ({r.ft.)

250

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Indian oak. Small Indian oakSamudraphal (sg<so)

H6lekavau (drdceJddD)

Nirp€lu, Af{up6lu, Samudraphalam

1cr!16^Ld, orOglc"-rd, m)olLao-oeb)Samudraphalah (v5<Wo';

Samuttirappalap (+qglpi$tqu upLb)Kanapa, Kanigi (sJb, s,l^)

Barringtonia acutangula

251

["Samudranama prathamam paScat phalamudaharetSamudraphalmityadi nama vacyam bhisagvaraih" (Ra.ni.)l

'wo vgc+a 6-{6orfirfr

qrcrqi Wi+ittrenfr rfr'ffis1firyqqlRfutrrfirt l" ({I.fr.)

["Phalam samudrasya katlsnakarivatapaham bhutanirodhakariTlidogadavanaladosaharikaphamayabhrantivirodhakari " (Ra.ni.)l

's1eR s?t drsi trni +q ffiqfwq r

qd q r1-imqr s +.s utR fqrtrrql rrqld Emi-or@i s rwrlRfr +iffi-q rwda q\5r {ii tqFfr-{r{r6t cq rr" (fr.r.)["Samudrasya phalap cogpar.n tiktam caiva tridosajitVatam ca bhutabadham ca kapham bhrantim sirorujamDosam davanalakhyam ca nasayediti kirttitamJalena ghrstva pitam cet krminasakaram param " (Ni.ra.)l

252

Coll. No. AVS 1498

Basella alba vur. rubra (Linn.) Stewart(=B.rubra Linn.)

Basellaceae fgilfot-tot I

Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant A perennial.succulent glabrous twining herb with white or red

branches; leaves simple, alternate, broadly ovate, acute oracuminate, cordate at base, thick, lamina narrowed int6 petiole;flowers white or red in spikes, bracteoles longer than perianth; fruitsred, white or black, globose, utricle enclosed in the perianth.

Parts used: stems, leavesProperties and uses: The stems and leaves are sweet, cooling, emollient,

aphrodisiac, laxative, haemostatic, appetiser, sedative, diuretic,demulcent, maturate and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditionsof pitta, burning sensation, constipation, flatulence, anorexia,haemorrhages, haemoptysis, sleeplessness, pruritus, leprosy,urticaria, ulcers, dysentery, gonorrhoea, balanitis, strangury fatigueand general debility. They are especially useful as a laxative inchildren and pregnant women.

"scY€{"*T qd ftfuca<qr Rra r

Tnq-dr (tr<u-er rtrfi:<t s Rr qf,r r" (ffl.fr.)

["Upodaky[rdhvaga valli picchilacchadana sthiraVfttapatfa raktada4Qa raktablja ca sa smfa " (Si.ni.)l

"qrrqritR-fi m g qrad Til{trri r' (til.s.)

["Potakyupodikd sA tu malavi m;tavallari" (BhA.pfa.)]

:qttrq:frffiI rriw{;rd VgErfr {-{s-a t

EngHin

Indian spinachPdi, Ldlbiclu (9f4, oriry)Bansali (z.rd,O)Va6alacciralBa6alaccira loLvog4tlo, 6nrcg4||o)Upodiki tsitfc+tlVaSalakkirai, Sivappu va6alakkirai(or+6ndB6orq, G)ouq orcon&8coq)Baccali(ar53O)

KanMalSanTam

Tel

253

Basella alba var. rubra

254

fra;k+r aod a g5qfr +o-r+1 aw rrF(d frfuor iq Wr q-fdr+r q-dr r" (+.fr.)["Potakyupodaka matsyakali sutungl sankatiKalambika vrkantri ca turangi kantakl tathaMadaghni picchila jneya vftta madalika mata" (Kai.ni.)l

"qld-+1{fl-d-dr futqr v$q6 srdp-q( |er6s-{qr Rfuor t{qrUEaET r<firrfu( rreoo ok5qc?4r {€uil Effi!fr t" (qT.q.)[" Potaki Sital a snigd ha 6l esmal a vatapittanutAkanthya picchila nidrasukl ada raktapitta.i itBalada rucikrt pathya brrhhani tptikarini" (Bha.pra.)l

si-€r l6cr furqr RrsqsrqT q<t I€nRI ylq61q6qr fufit{dlfrgfrEt 11er+u-fl frfuor.A ttfimqclFo|l | (+.fr.)["Upodaka hima snigdha svadupakarasa saraSaksara 5lesmala balya nidra6uklatipustidaAkanthya picchila hanti raktapittamadanilan" (Kai.ni.)l

"gffi qqrqlwn $3isr qgrt q qt IfrqrjJotn.<rfr 6qr fuq[iMufr l' ({r.fr.)["Upodaki kasayosna katuka madhura ca saN id raJJlasyakari rucya vistambha6l esmakarini " (Ra. ni.)I

"BQffir va fu'qr qer vdrqofr ftqr retgcm{qr gw arttfu+e-<n-o n" (S.fr.)["Upodaka sara snigdha balya Slegmakarl himaSvadupakarasa vrsya vatapittamadapaha" (So.ni.)l

"o0$o oron;H] oj@gar)€ooflrn;o ocu;oo (o(TUo

olcDLdrcooocuJo a.r1(unDo aJldlqmp o.r'l"srooc(mccocaenicurconog uoolgpgcoE ooorolor;oreoilccng,o.r;"." (ol..lc.)

[" Effar.n tanuppu varialaykkati num madhuram rasamGulmapramehavur.n pittam tippu1num visamennoroDanQannale Samippippan Saktiyuntatine(favur.n " (Gu.pa.)l

255

Coll. No. AVS 1161

B auh in i a v ari e g a t a Linn.

HinKanMal

SanTamTel

Cae salpi n i ace ae : to"znt+cqq -1;oa

Kancanar (tfi.fmfiR)

Kempumanddra (iio{droood)

Manddram, Cuvannamanddram, Malayakatti, Konnu,

Konnumandaram lacncoo, IJIoJ(TDOCBCOo, O€JC)6>(6rO'1,

OO,CCCrllOcr]Co.)

Kdfr candrah, K6viddrah (S'rc[q{R:, q}kfl-(,)

Sigappu manddraii (CIsuq Lo$grcoq)Devakancanamu (dJs-oJJJ))

Distribution: Throughout India,in areas upto 1,800m elevationThe plant: A moderate sized deciduous tree with vertically cracked grey

bark, wood moderately hard. greyish brown with irregular darkerpatches; leaves of 2 leaflets. connate for about two-thirds up, leafletsovate. rounded at apex, 10-15cm long, pubescent beneath whenyoung, coriaceous; f lowers white or pink, the uppermost petal

darker and variegated, usually appearing before the leaves in shortaxil lary or terminal racemes, stamens 5, staminodes absent, fruits f latdehiscent pods, seeds 10-15.

Parts used: roots. barkProperties and uses: The roots and bark are astringent, acrid, cooling,

constipating, depurative, anthelmintic. vulnerary, anti-infl ammatoryand styptic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta and kapha,diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, leprosy, intestinal worms,tumours, wounds, ulcers, inflammations, scrofula, proctoptosis.haemorrhoids, haemoptysis. cough, menorrhagia and diabetes.

":FtarFTR: flq+riil rp-gfi, qfrqgqq, 1

dtffic+'t(il6} grqqi-s: tlgrs-d drsg6qq-qr{ca-6: sq*{fr t" (qr.c.)

["Kaflcanarah kaficanako gandarih SonapuqpakahKovidarascamarikall kuddalo yugmapatrakahKundall tamrapu6pa5ca6mantakafr svalpakesari " (Bha.pra.)l

"sdr$Itrts; dfuEn, $-so, gu-ed td r

2s6

Bauhinia variegata

257

: t-{EtA: R-g+{R: tldrdqwn flqsi-dr sqls) qi61, I

ttsdlc{,qfu, qffi, EntottFTlGF: u" (+.fr.)

l"Asph6takah kovidaral;r ku4dalah kundali kullUdda! aka6camarikal;r kudda! ah sval pakesardrKollya6ah kafrcanako bhramaresto manoharahRaktapuEpoiparah Svetah pakarih kafl canArakah- (Kai.ni.)l

"sl-Wqrt fum qrfr ga1, sffi63q Ilfrgugqrigrrru-swor*unw, rrdi+<Tiljfr daer(mi gw og Ed( |Fsi TiTIft ftrur<w-+rqq il" (qr.q.)["Kafrcanaro himo grahi tuvarah 6lesmapittanutKrmikusthagudabhransagandamalavranapahahKovidarolpi tadvatsyat tayoh puspam laghu smnamRtlksam sariprahi pittasrapradaraksayakasanut" (Bha. pra.)l

"Tfi< 6wfi, {fra, qtr Eqffiqr,rsimqqt ur$ qqtmqsrf+t rrTo-sqteRffifunwqT-dR-q aVr\ t

Td{i {ftfui {rflt{ltqs{q q tl{frdi Esi Fsr riTrR cgr og Itfti si?i s rd +.Ri cmoi *( rr{nd{q 6rEs-n qrfr E-{it rrg: {ir: Iu;rfu q'q1' Vq rcl-ds{cflffi lurryata I! {ftq( ll+1ffi frq{, Rro.qFiI qqiqor: I1ffi gpq, sg, pffig frq, rr

{rTqi fdq{q dni Ere 6q deIT Iski d-qqgun tftltn{rr;Tgulaq 11qt"d{g flqq-n ilEi qM dvrt(M: I

E*it {-*tqs ssqrd[q {r{Fr: ll6,qf,{-ffI {frf5li fidq{q ffiq r6qs qffi xRfq, qwEfrrfu, il (fr.{.)

[" Raktastu kafr canafi 6itah saro hyagnipradipanahSamppktastuvaro grahi kaphapittavra4akJminGandamSlaraktapittakust havataridca nasayetGudablarifar.n raktapittam na5ayetpuspamasya caSitalam tuvaram r[kgam sariprahi madhuram laghuPittam ksayar.n ca pladaram kasam raktarujar.n haretSvetastu kAfrcano grahi tuvaro madhurah smrtahRucyo rrJkgl1 Svasakasapittaraktavi karahaKsatapfadaranut prokto guna6canye tu raktavat

258

Kovidaro dipanah syatkaqayo vpqaropapf.tSarirgrahi sarakal.r svaduh pamasakesu cottamahMutfak!'cch!'am tridogr.n ca 5oqam daham kapham tathaVatap haret puqpagunah raktakafrcanapugpavatPitastu kafrcano grahi dlpano vlapropapl.tTuvaro mrltlak.rcchpsya kaphavayvosca nasanahKafrcanyukta 5iparujam tridoSatn ca vinasayetStanyasya valdhanakari ni bhih srl ksmada;'si bh i h " (N i. ra.)l

"dfu(R, rntTrq: FIK riqrfi quftqq, r

*q{' +.m-qrdd qr5-qFr+€vr, r" (rt.fr.)["Kovidarah kaqayah syat sanprahi vranaropanahDipanall kaphavataghno m0trakrcchran ibarha4ah" (Ra. n i.)l

frfu(R:*-qnrq 1ffi qqftvq, Iqueq-orgqivrsrq-q, t;6+fl-6r I t" (q.fr . )

[" Kovidarah kagayastu sangrahi vranaropanahGandamalagudabhlam6a5amanah kusthakesaha " (Dha.ni.)l

"+1ffir H qr0 +qrq' +qFmfu( rwsqroFfqs{rcuqw5fi-t q}q t t(6-Eq 6rqri fu, Ti gq iEri T5 |+.qr.i qgi cr+ {t TiqrF€ itqq rlser s.rsqrry{qfr"rsqq{Tq rr" (s.fr.)["Kovidaro himo grahi kasayah kaphapittajitGandamalAg udabhlansavranakusthakrmin jayet

Tadvacca kaicano jneyah tayoh puqpam himam guruKagaya1n madhuram pake rase sangrahi rocanamR0ksam kasakgayasvasapittasrapradarapaham'' (Kai.ni.)l

"qik(R, W,q+ oqpfr qg1, qqt 1

+,sFrtir qrfr CFqffil-+( r" (fr.fr.)["Kovidarafr katuh pake kaqayo madhurah paramKaphapittaharo grahl kifrcinmarutakopanam" (So.ni.)l

"6.r{d{rt f6ril qrfr gq{' {dqfrf,{E I

TfutsgqliTFru-€qrorcuflT€, t t+iffirJfr ie'Ftqrq*i qki adrdg r

€sT TiIIR fuarurcmr+rqq il' (c.qr.fr.)

["Kaficanaro himo grahi tuvarah SlegmapittanutKrm i kuslhag udabhrari€agandam alavf anapahahKovidaroJpi tadvatsyatpuEpam Sitam tayorlaghuRrlkqam sarirgr6hi pittasrapradarakgatakasanut" (Ma.pa.ni.)l

2s9

'acocog; ol6m)roolgg] <nlo;olcarct;loleneoi

"-r1onc<4"doeonogrootl6gcoi <naorlot;erreorlccngotlo." (<nl.o-tc)

[" Mantarapp0 tanuttu| | u guruvakayumul!atqlPitta5legmannalettirppan saktiyur3tatineffavaur.n " (Gu. pa.)l

Remarks: tn'.satigramanigha4tubhusanaln', kovidara is identified as Bauhinia

variegata and B. purpurea. BuI in'Kaiyadevanighantu' B.variegata is the

Latin name given for kaiicanara and B.purpurea for kovidara. ln'NighanIuratnakaram' five types viz. raktakaiicanararn, svetakaficanaram,

kovidaram, pitakaiicanaram and karicani are mentioned.

"dfu(R, {}65q} gffir grqqtFF: I

$-d-stEd $ftftff{: {f(tf: q*d qd-( rr

flqq-{Ti c-6rl Cno.ie-q grqrijq frpq6, 1

oqrdt rmgqw +lc-{d Y-qrce rr

6)fu(R' qqq' grqrt{w{effi ' r'

["Kovidarah svetapuspo susimbo yugmapatpkaf.r

DfdhakasJho raktasarah padapah parvato bhavetKafrcanaro mahan kifrcit yugmapatloJtha sirirOaXahKagayo raktapuspa5ca kananadau pfajayate

Kovidarah pitpuspah yugmapatrollpavrksakah"l

'Sivadattanighantu'refers to three kinds of kaficanaraviz. white, red and yellow,

based on the colour of the flowers. The Latin names for kaficanara as given in the

commentary of 'Dhanvantarinighantu', commentary of 'Rajanigha4[u' and'Bhavaprakaiam' are B.purpurea, B.acuminata and B. variegata, respectively. In'Dravyagunavtjfran' kaficanala is identified as B. variegatc indicating B.purpurea as

raktakovidara, and B.tomentosa as pftakaficanara. In 'lndian Medicinal Plants' the

Sanskrit name given for B. tomentosais pitakaficandra and for B. racemosa

ivetakahcanara. There is also a mention that raktapuspakovidara is B.purpurea,

and kovidara and raktapuppa is B. variegata,In 'The Ayurvedic Formulary of India' kovidara is identified as

B. variegata.For kovidara and kancanara, in certain parts of Kerala

B. tomentosa (maririamandaram) is being used.

260

Coll. No. AVS 1985

Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.(B. cerifera Savi)

Cucurbitaceae: (ffi-goa

Distribution: Cultivated throughout India in plains and hil lsThe plant: A large trail ing gourd climbing by means of tendrils; leaves

large. hispid beneath: f lowers yellow. unisexual. male peduncle7.5-10 cm long. female peduncle shorter; fruits broadly cylindric.30-45 cm long. hairy throughout. ult imately covered with a waxybloom.

Parts used: fruits. seedsProperties and uses: The fruits are sweet, cooling. styptic, laxative.

diuretic, tonic. aphrodisiac and antiperiodic. They are useful inasthma. cough. diabetes. haemoptysis, haemorrhages from internalorgans. epilepsy, fever and vit iated conditions of pitta. The seeds aresweet, cooling and anthelmintic. and are useful in dry cough, fever,urethrorrhea. syphil is. hyperdipsia and vit iated conditions of pitta.

$rTlug: 65tr-g sq$-dr +teail Tesor q rq-d{riit Tdqtrfr qfl66, 6gqi gd6-6r@r: rl

T{qrrdld d€r dE{Fs: {E-d[q Awrrd r

3rrfd-+i Tflrno, qfi'qo: frqlq: sq lr" (3{.c.)

["Ku5mindah kakubhandam pusyaphal- kohali brnatphala caPhalaralo gulayogi mahaphalah kathyate gulaphalakhyahK[Sman$oJnyo tatva latvekah tunatasca kuSmandAmgulako vrttaphalah 5[kaphalah pitapuspah syat" (A.ma.)]

"*'{qru-s st€qso fi-c5"{ qtffi-d( r- (ril.c.)

["K06manQam syatpuspaphalam pitapuspam brhatphalam' (Bha.pra.)]

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Ash gourd, White gourd melonPetha, Raksd 1fui, r+-w)Budikumbala (a,roadrozro)

Kurh palam (a,lmlg.)Ku6mdndah 1lgcrs-g')P0Sanikkdi (g+curfl&snur)Budidagummadi ra:r &o,r:r:;C. r

261

(0,pCL.2

ooo(,.stroo ()

3G

g

tro)

o;itrgoE

cnj

t n /

IECTu-CJ -a i - t q l t \

5+ff idfri{fu'" Kusma3alam p' . ' ' ddhan

, d > u > u u

--5CT0-SE.; . . . ̂ -

) q ) L t € o

. : J

- - - :J -! , z i i q i

? r i a i l ? l

-+rc-ai ::=iag ?

' . - r a -

_Mr - a f 1 l 6 d

' ' ( , iS rn3

, as: rsudr - ' J f U K

r r . . .1 ,^ r .' - r l O g r l ,

:.'ccakar

, i:oreto'.; ' < n m t l

I-a^^radil

l -oakarrSa-, adol. : s i sud ' .

- :- _ . i , 1 c

j--4 d

- -- ! - - f q r F

' t r - a n h

S - < a m l .

Sa". ado:

=-FF-OT

' ' ' 3 , p h z

i - - > u u r

wcru-s T6ur qq I€ lcilrsqrtr{( |qrct tr{rcji vfrd' q*a-i sqsRs"t llT6 qrtdfr{ eg seid frqc og rqnaga+r Aftt''E({ddsfuE l" (qr.c.)

[" K[6mandam brmhanam v.rgyar.n guru pittasrav-tanutBalam pittapaham 5itam madhyamam kaphakarakamVrddham natihimam svadu sakgaram dipanam laghuVasti6uddhikaram cetorogahrt sarvdosarit" (Bha. pra.)l

gw5@qtsftd{k-+.t s {trda( rl.I5 Fs{ q15 ? Aa 6.crer{ Ttr( r

Flstd st€ a 1*f-qffi Ewr ttern-ds qrdki fri raa-si aqr r

q <rwAkfr Rqdt rld-dqai qlftwfti Wrcn-ot rilqe?Tc +'s-di q-*i @q".q vfra-at rrfu q og Rtg eTR s*rq qk<1r{-*<tq€i qui qqqrrqr q qlgt reftd11ffi gqr fim+qofr cin r " (fr.{.)

[" KuSmandakaphalam v.rgyan pustikrddhatuvarddhakamVastisuddhikaram balyamatisvadu ca 6italamGuru ruksam sarakam ca hrdyam kaphakaram matamtvtutragnatam prameham ca mutrakrcchrasmarim trsamArocakam vatapittam pittam raktarujam tath-Vatoretovikaram ca naSayediti tanmatamTatkomalam cati5itam dosakrtpittaharakamTanmadhyamam kaphakaram pakvam kifrcicca SitalamDipakam ca laghu svadu ksaram vaste6ca suddhidamSarvadosaharam pathyam pakvamajja ca madhuriVasti6uddhi kari vrsya pittana6akari mate " (N i. ra.)l

'trtd E RTcT"s ekt, cuj sqFr6( |

{Fd oTsr qsTri *q-i qftrSitlT( rr{rfiqai €fl ca:i iAl@ I " (g.q..Ys)

["Pittaghnam tesu ku6mandar.n balam, madhyam kaphavahamSuklam laghOsnam saksaram dipanam vasti6odhanamSarvadosaharam hrdyam pathyam cetovikarinam" (Su.Su.46)l

"q-fi4'fi:drn rd Wcro-s qmFmkq rsfrd{kfi qq 6q iliffiil?i l " (cr.fr.)

["Valliphalanam pravaram kl5mandam vatapittajitVasti6uddhikaram vrsyam hrdyam cetovikarajit" (Dha.ni.)l

263

'{-d|sRirqtff Hignrt-+ct

Fu{-{ratri qsrfr{F,i dqiq'r5ful.q( tqq {q$d{ dn-{sct eerr{q ffi

$cruii s-qi {fi fiTqGit *ffi gc, tt" ({.F.)1" ttlutragnataharary plameha6amanar.n klcchla6maricchedanamvinm[t1ag!apanam trsali6amanam jifnangapug!ip.radaqn

V.r$yam svadutarap tvarocakaharam balyafrca pittapaham

ku6mandam pravaram vadanti bhisaio valliphalanar.n punah " (Ra.ni.)l

"{eq!c q-flF{EqR ffiq qrrfu<k( rqfta{koi gq E6ct6-ci T5 l

ffir(ftq(qro, qui *e +.srr6( |

l-*i oq*1 qelri frq{ qrqi arn tt

s-dn{6i €a cui *itE-6rq-( r " tfr.f+.).

["Kusmandam bhedyabhisyandi vistambhi vatapittjitVasti6uddhikaram vrsJam svadupakarasam guruVi5esat pittanut balam, madhyam caiva kaphapahamPakvar.n lagh-snam saksaram dipanam pacanar.n tathaSarvadogaharam hrdyar.n pathyam cetovi karanut " (So. ni.)l

6)JfiUgOnD6IB1 Cao"u"pimo cnlrrnl.-toorpJ@alCoOo

oproa,5oj"ocudodlac.oo'lor5cn1oel;. <n J 6rDo ro)] cetco

o,;cu grorof la oilaaorc "demo <.rdl rooca,collo I orre cil

a, goorotls ;o g2roc "ddlercolc6)cmc.ro 6-6rJ6)9 LB J(d)o

oolBJoca,G)Jolcsrr3go eJnQlloJco,c)lolene<d.

opgilcooE a,cggoiloE cLuo.,goo a,;udocenictu" rucolo.flrorurgiloi

.tca,roro'le,o6 0ro",Arooll g g) omiorluo ;au1a,oo tnlo J.o6ItDS Joa, 5otl cru]areccoo mcm ; eru;atllreororolcn 1 oGBcr{u66Bogd'ogaootls;.

"-r;ocemoorla}o (,}6rDo. ((r)t.olc.)

[" Kumpal attantu dosaghnam sann i pStajvarapahamMutlaklcchpsmaridahamityadikkum gur;rar.n tulor.nKumpal attila ti ktosnam sitamakayumuntatuKalafrfritum jvarasthilavatinahannale drutamHrdyamakayumanteffam laghuvakayumuntatu.Val I imel kaccatil 6resJham ku5mandam vatapittajitpaf atti nXat matrttul I u vastisudd h ikaram guruNettukettatu su kgaram nannu buddhibhramattinumDosannalekkalaifritum puranamatilum gunan " (Gu.pa.)l

Remarks: The author of 'Abhidhanamafrjari'

describes layva, a second variety ofkuimanda (Benincasa hispida), which in Kerala is called narikuipalaiia orceyukuipalairia. Because of this description in' Abhidhanamafrjari', inKerala some are of the opinion that the smaller one is better to be used as adrus.

264

Coll. No. AVS 2546

Beta vulgaris Linn.C henopodi aceae : (qrqs -to{)

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Beetroot, Garden beetCukkanddr, Pdlak (gm-+qR, qftrF)

Biturutu (z:r[iodlJ!.J))

Bifir0ttu, cefr cira, Neycira (enndol5, oolaoJlo, omcJoJloyPdlakyd (Ir|oqqrl

Cefrcirai (G+@Gcory)Bitr0tu tAg"ru::)

i

Distribution: Cultivated in many parts of IndiaThe plant: An annual or biennial tuberous herb with condensed stem:

leaves simple in rosettes, ovate, cauline: f lowers 2_3 in a cluster orsometimes solitary on a long slender spike, appearing usually in thesecond year.

The tuberous napiform tap root when fully grown is fleshy andpurplish red in colour.

Parts used: taproot, leaves, seedsProperties and uses: The swollen roots are sweet, expectorant and tonic,

and are useful in psychopathy, cough, inflammations and generaldebil ity. The leaves are sweet, acrid, cooling, diuretic, antiinflammatory, purgative, anodyne and tonic. They are useful in cutsand burns, strangury, inflammations, paralysis, otalgia, cephalalgia,l iver and spleen disorders, constipation, vit iated conditions of pinaand general debil ity. The seeds are bitter, expectorant, diuretic,aphrodisiac, carminative and emmenagogue, and are useful in cough,asthma, strangury. inflammation, f latulence, anorexia, amenorrhoeaand dysmenorrhoea.

crdflr e-@ qtar frfuorq-& rrirffr qrdffi rr<Frsqr frffior n " (3t.c.)I Palakya varttulavati varttula pichilavatleroXta patakinl sadbhistatha pichilapatrike" (A.ma.)l

265

Beta vulgaris

flower

266

-vtto-qflr qrq-+.to.nr sfi-fl fsft-d-wEr | " (c.c.)

[' Pal i nkya vastukakara chardi ka ci ritacchada " (Bha. p.ra.)]

-qltd-EflI ercal Yfrdr vdq-dr dffi 1s, I

ffiqd qqrsrsfufl{qilfrqrrgr l " (qT.e.)

["Palinkya vatata 5ita 6tesmata bhedini guruhVistambhini madasvaspittaraktavisapaha - (Bna. pra)l

"croqfq-(qo rgr warftddt rr-ftfun€i qrR i,i s-dfti cq. rr " ({r.fi)

[" Palakyamisat katukam madhuram pathyasitalamRaktapittaharar.n grani jneyam santarpanam param" (Ra.ni.)l

"qoqtFft qoiqR gF t Ud qrr frfuorrfrdr {dq-+.fr q rmvrrfi ki fs.i wrtq r' (vrr.fr.)["Palakyamiti vamayanti sudhiyo gurvi sara picchila6ita stesmat<ari ca rakta5amani pittam visam nasayet" (Sa. ni.)l

rnoflr Rf6or g-{ FBq-dr iffi f6qr | " (sr.ri.)

["Palakya picchila guryi 6tesmala bhedini hima" (A.sam.)]

267

Betula utilis D.Don(B.bhojpathra Wall.)

Betulaceae : ({S-5OQ

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Himalayan silver birch, Jacquemon treeBh6jpatra 1ri-qva;B0rjjamara (Z.),o*dd)

Bh[rjamaram, Bhujapatram lreg6gigaoo, €]gQnrLrDo)Bhrirjah, Bahulavalkalah ({d', qS6;q(tF-O:)

Bh0rjjamarar.n (gf rieLrqlb)Burjapatram u ( a:rpirle J:: )

Distribution: Himalayas, in areas upto 4,200 m elevationThe plant: A medium sized deciduous tree upto 20 m in height with white

bark having horizontal lenticels and pink inner layers, peeling off inlarge papery layers; young shoots, petioles and leaves silky; leavessimple, ovate, acute, sharply irregularly serrate. base cuneate orrounded. sticky when young with yellow resinous scales; f lowers incatkins, male catkins at the tip of thc long shoots, female spikessolitary on the top of the dwarf shoots; fruits narrower than thebracts. the wings narrower than the nut.

Parts used: barkProperties and uses: The bark is astringent. acrid, thermogenic. alexeteric,

deodorant. antibacterial, anticonvulsant, constipating, haemostatic,expectorant, carminative and tonic. It is useful in vit iated conditionsof tridosa, convulsions, hysteria, epilepsy. bacterial infections,wounds, diarrhoea, dysentery. haemorrhages. haemoptysis,haematemesis, cough. bronchitis, dyspepsia, otalgia, ottorrhoea.jaundice, bil ious fever, leprosy. skin diseases and general debil ity.

"$, e+rq tsqirqqiqqforqryq rd{q-ryq agrq qdritacr gfr rr " (q.q.)

[' Bhurja[ syat bhujapatlascarmyahvaschatrapatrasca ITanupatrasca mrdutvak paryayairyantrapatra iti " (A.ma.)l

"Tfr T"it egTci q-e€-{+i Tgetr: ,

fuiqr, sxq-ir dsr'irjer TE-€, I (q.fr.)["Bh[r1o bhujo bahupu!o bahutvakko mrducchadahCitrapatrah chatrapatro lekhyapatroltha bhuruhah (Ma.ni.)l

268

_l

Betula utilis

portion of stemwith peel ing bark

269

"TSq-d, q& Tffi ctg6ttct6o: | '

(cT.q.)

["Bh[flapatrah smfto bhufja6carmi bahuIavalkalah', (Bha.p1a.)]

"1-q q-egm 5$, gqqi Tfrrs: Iiq-f,dFq1l-d{s reilq+ fufuTs, nTaq} gg*w td<{lijfiTtuq, r" (rr.ft.)[" Bhnrjo valkadrumo bhuriah sucarma bhuriapatrakahCitratvagbind u patrasca raksapatro vicitrakahBh[taghno mrdupatrasca sailendrasthojdribhumijah,, (Ra.ni.)]

" t f r@r+qrd rnrgqw Hfuqa, Tr, l' (r{r.9.)

[" BhIrjo bhrltagrahaSl esmakarnarukpittaraktaj itKasayo raksasaghnadca medovisaharah parah " (Bha. p1a.)l

"Td,4.Es.qrdwt {iRQtrt6-{: r(: I

frfrq{rq+, qci Sq+tfte€Mq' l" (n.fr.)

["Bh[rjah katukasayos4o bhr_rtaraksakarah parahTridosasamanah pathyo dustakautilyana5anah' (Ra.ni.)l

Tf, qqrd sqfu {oni fimsirFrd{ rqqi

TdlE re{, *utmdqeg( 11

f*.qdr rweq[q fi fE{6{,cr( r) (+.fr.)

["Bhurjah kasayo jayati valasam pittarionitamMedo bhutagraham raksah karnarogavisap!,anut(Kasayo raksasaghna6ca medovisaharah param),, (Kai. n i.)l

"qtd gqdn q sqFrflfuqrrrt, r{q'req: qlq{Frn Tfr ffitqol, 1 " (c.fr.)

["Grahaghno dhupayoge ca kaphapittavisapahahMangalyah papariamano bhurio medovi6oSanah" (Ma.ni.)l

"TS d"'€tgiq r" (ft.fr.)["Bhurjo vranahara5caiva 6lesmaraktaprakopahrt,, (So.ni.)]

"Tfr@r"(c. fq.)

[" Bh0rjo bh0tagraharil esmakamarukpittaraktaj it,, (M a.vi.)]

270

Coll. No. AVS 1028

Biophytum sensitivum (Linn.) DC.Oxalid ace ae : (erqifr -UdA

Distribution: Throughout the hotter parts of India as weeds in moist shadyplaces

The plant A slender erect annual with a rosette of leaves on top of thestem; leaves abruptly pinnate, sensitive, leaflets opposite, 6-12 pairs,the terminal pair being the largest, oblong, apiculate at the apex,glabrous, pale beneath; flowers yellow, dimorphic, peduncles many,slender upto 10 cm long, fruits ellipsoid capsules; seeds prominentlyridged, transversely striate.

Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, thermogenic, diuretic, lithontriptic,

suppurative, expectorant, stimulant and tonic. It is useful instrangury, urinary calculi, hyperdipsia in bilious fevers, wounds,abscesses, gonorrhoea, asthma, phthisis, stomachalgia and snakebite.

"o-wtg+Tflerq 3rergFr{6q<dr I+cfrer g o-qgEdfuqri cffi( l" ({r.fr.)[" Lajjalurvai parityanya alpaksupabrhaddal aVaiparitya tu lajlal urhyabhid hane ppyojayet " (Ra. ni.)l

, Tg€r ql:lqFF: Ifragq, rikc{Rtfi ocilrqs, qd, t' (qtt.fr)

[" Jhullapuspojvalatpuspah krchraha laghuvrksakahPitapuspah pamktipatrastatha laljalukah smrtah' (Sa.ni.)l

H inMalSanTamTel

Lajjalu, Laksmand (CWIE, Okqufl)Mukkufti (old6,Sn)Vi paritalajjdlu, J h u I lapuspah (frqfrrcwtg gqlq: )Tintdndli ($ourr-npng5l)Pulicenta (eo$o6)

271

Biophytum sensitivum

portion of leaf

272

"i{GFs-g.;5r $fir* i+g{Trqr gFrqtttrT I

dqqq edrft-di d {-d-{r q d( n" (R.)

["Niskantaka kEudrapadi ni56akhA kgupavrksakaLajjaluvat prayoktavyar.n hrdyam s[laharam ca tat" (Sva.)]

"oscigtrqtilrRsr 63Fwfi frqrrfl |

{i FTqtqe+ftqailcliq-$r-fin6, r " ({r.fr.)

["Lajjalurvaiparityahva katurusna kaphamanutRase niyamakoJtyantananavijfranakarakah" (Ra.ni.)l

gqlsr: qq{il {f,f-q6t, c(, l" (w.fr)

["Jhullapugpah srstamutro mutrakrcchraharah parah" (Sa.ni.)]

273

Coll. No. AVS 1160

Bixa orellana Linn.Bixaceae ; 1firqfr-1or;

Distribution: Widely cultivated throughout IndiaThe plan* A small handsome evergreen tree; leaves large, cordate

acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces; flowers white or pink interminal panicles; fruits reddish brown or green capsules, clothedwith soft bristles; seeds trigonous covered with a red pulp.

Parts used: roots. bark, seedsProperties and uses: The roots, bark and seeds are antiperiodic,

antipyretic and astringent. They are useful in intermittent fevers andgonorrhoea. The pulp surrounding the seed is a mosquito repellent,and is useful to treat dysentery. A non-toxic dye,'Annatto dye',obtained from the pulp is used for colouring edible materials.

'frr{t cffilqr q {ftgqr g-dc-dr " (qr.e)

I Sindlri raktabija ca raktapuspa sukomala" (Bha.pfa.)]

'ftrqfr *{5wva EqgS ora<, r

ftr{tgd dpflRqufr qsrq{q: eIa, rt" ({r.fr.)

["Sind0ri virapuspasca t4apugpi karacchadahSi nd [rapuspi Sonadi puqpi sadahvayal;r smrtah" (Ra. ni.)]"ftt1fr|evfrlru-qmnqlfuEfrftn r"(q.c.)[' Sinduri visapittasratrs4avanti hari hima " (Bha. pfa.)]

"fuqfr fi3:*,T frmr *'qrqr {dqqrdk( |ffi lg<wn qrdBqt 'r+( r" ({.fr.)

['Sind[ri katuka tikta kagaya SleSmavatajit

1 1 |

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Arnotta plant, Annatto plant

Sind0riyd, Ldtkdn (ffiw, oRrfir{)Kappumankala, Rangamali (d{Sdrodo,dortilO)

Ku p pamafr fr al, Ku ran n u m afr fr al (a, g go5rfio<ri, a,loean;oooroxrE)Sinduri (k{fr)Sappira virai, Uragumafrjal (sur-5lqo96or, uqguo@soh)Jaffracettu {aple^g

Bixa orellana Aate 14.. l

* - i\&*"si .w;x*^ " "*e*"

. " E .

[r 'l ,-{'

lsiroftti5amani bhr.rtana5a candipfiyd bhavet " (Ra.ni.)l

a,lgoouoxd {o}Gelco roJladern" otlrorooao4"-lo}c{u6lDo

a,ccruuorcfiu6sBgccnc"oat6<rom)cru;o (')lcDooc(rnccoc

aeniaoeonog sool*ldccmgolp mcrnlorl{dnDao. (Cn}.dc.)

[" Kuppamafr fr al tulom tlksnar.n pittaraktapraduqanar.n

Kasa6vasannal anahamafsassum gulmamennoro

Dandannale 6amippippaneffavup nannituttamam" (Gu.pa.)l

2"7',l

Coll. No. AVS 1477

Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.Asteraceae : ( SgrRv-goq)

Distribution: Throughout India,in areas upto 600 m elevationThe plant: A herbaceous erect annual with a strong odour of turpentine

upto 0.9 m in height, glandular, pubescent throughout; leaves simple,alternate, the lower petioled, often incised or lyrate. the upper sub-sessile, ell iptic-oblong or obovate,2.5 - 5 cm long: f lowers yellow,numerous in heads, both terminal and axil lary, corolla lobesglabrous; fruits subtetragonous achenes, not ribbed, crowned withwhite pappus hairs.

Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, astringent, acrid, thermogenic,

errhine, anti-inflammatory, styptic, ophthalmic, digestive,anthelmintic, l iver tonic, expectorant, febrifuge, antipyretic, diuretic,deobstruant and stimulant. It is useful in vit iated conditions of pittaand kapha, catarrh, cephalalgia, inflammation, ophthalmia, bruises,wounds, abdominal disorders, intestinal worms, l iver disorders.haemorrhoids, haemorrhages, haematemesis, cough, bronchitis,leucorrhoea, fever, intermittent fevers, burning sensation,hyperdipsia, halitosis and cholera.

"EEi<lRTSTs, qtwrit l[$6(: t" (cT.c.)

[" Kukundarastamfacr"rdah sIkgmapatro mlducchadaf.r" (Bha.pra.)]

"ti€;€RTr{s, qrrrv* TsBq: r" (c.fr)["Kukkuradrustamfac[dah sIkgmapatyo mlducchadah" (Ma.vi.)]

"tlF<{: q"3frdd qrGftFsqTrdr I

278

I

I

HinKanMalSanTamTel

Kukaraundha (gffitr-Er)Kukkaradru (d:d*og)Kukkuravrksam, Rdkkila (4,]€oloo:Ad!sj., ocaerler)

Kukundarah, Kukkuradry ($-E<{', $ro{$)Kdttumullahki (snr$tgloiranrnCI)

Kukundaramu (5o5oo56J>)

Blumea lacera

\-_:,!. I \. -L\ /-L,Y

#rqltilfloretsW

nflorescence

r-{oqr{ i{ftqi T(i tg{iis6( il" (!il.q.)

[ " Ku kundarafi katusti kto jvararaktakaphapahaTanmrllamardram ni ksiptam vadane mu khasosahrt " (Bha. pra.)l

-tE<{: rufta-d ErqrdqTqd: I

rmr-q uF.s-flEFTr lsrcr{iq ;Tr{FT, rlrlert{oq gd wni Wfu3q r" (fr.{.)[ " Kukundarah katusti kto jvaraghna6cosnakmmatahRaktaruk kaphadahanap trsayascaiva nasanahAsyardramulaftca mukhe dharite mukhadoganut" (Ni.ra.)l

C

BN

1'L:DiTh

ParPrr

\

TF.r t c e

Es{.+d.c l ) t d (

J a t i l

. ,{c

280

CoU. No. AVS 2443

Bombax ceiba Linn.(Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endlicher)

B ombacace ae : (Ynqd-5oA

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

Red silk cotton tree56mal, S6mul(tTo, t5o)Bu rugadamara (?Jtod)rtdild)llavq, Elavu, POlamaram, Mu[[ilavu(@eloi, "Oerd, drlgooo, olgglen'i;Salmali, Mdca (vnqd, A-{r )llavu, Mul!ilavu ($1ooq, grefficuq)M ull u b0 rugacettu, Kondab0 ru ga (:>:6?a:r-brx3t-&5-o6artuX)

Distribution: Throughout India,in forests upto an elevation of about1,500m, also raiSed in Plantations.

The plant: A tall deciduous tree with a straight buttressed trunk having a

clear bole of24-30 m and spreading branches, bark grey or brown

covered with hard, sharp, conical prickles; leaves large, spreading.glabrous, digitate, leaflets lanceolate, 3-7, entire; flowers red,

numerous, appearing when the tree is bare of leaves, stamens many

arranged in five bundles of9-t2 each and an inner bundle of 15;

fruits capsules, dehiscing by 5 leathery. or woody valves; seedssmooth, black or grey embedded in long white wool.

A gummy exudate obtained from the bark is dried and sold as'semul-gum'or'mocharas'. The dried gum is light brown in colourresembling the galls, and gradually becomes opaque and dark brown.

Parts used: roots, gum, bark, leaves, flowers' young fruits, seedsProperties and uses: The roots are sweet, cooling, stimulant, tonic and

demulcent, and are used in dysentery' The gum is astringent, cooling,stimulant, aphrodisiac, tonic, styptic and demulcent. It is useful in

dysentery, haemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis' influenza'menorrhagia, burning sensation, strangury, haemorrhoids, bloodimpurities and vitiated conditions of. pitta. The bark is mucilaginous,demulcent and emetic, and is used for fomenting and healingwounds. A paste of it is good for skin eruptions. Leaves are good for

strangury and skin eruptions. Flowers are astringent and are good for

skin troubles,.splenomegaly and haemorrhoids. Young fruits are

useful in calculus affections, chronic inflammations and ulceration of

the bladder and kidney. Seeds are useful in treating gonorrhoea,

chronic cystitis and vitiated conditions of kapha. A paste made out of

289

the prickles is good for restoring skin colour especially on the face.

"{riqt€{g q+rirfl frfuor 1rufrft a r{ffg6ct RRIg{-q s,r€.flEcr a qfu-fi il " (rrr.c.)

["Salmalistu bhavenmoca picchila ptlranlti caRaktapuspa sthirayu5ca kaErtakadhyA ca tulini" (Bha.pfa.)l

"lneqfufrqcs-d wr( frffi FFrguFF: I

tEd, q5{eRs frs1sq, s-u-zs-s-q, il{ffq-;d {qgd qfrfr qqss, Ifrdgc, e1us-d qtsfgkfuFtda' l" ({r.fr.)

["Salmaliscirajivi syat picchilo raktapuspakahKukkulih tulavrksasca mocakhyah kantakadrumahRaktaphalo ramyapuspo bahuviryo yamadrumahDirghadrumah sthulaphalo di.rghayustithibhirmatah' (Ra.ni.)l

{n<.qlo, {fl-d-dr €r* {0 cr+ rsrq-fi rrAq-dr fut-qnrs-€rf€fr rmfimk( rr

g Wftr+glftrq rq-d TRrq-cn-q g,qt{sq { {Tnt, tlrs cr+ s cgi +,sr"i vfl-aai'p rowrnmsfq-( fiR emdi q v+itrrq r" (qr.s.)

["Salmalih sitala svaOvi rase pake rasayaniSl esmal a pittavatasraharini raktapittaj itSalmalipuspa5akam tu ghrtasaindhavasadhitamPradarar.n nasayatyeva dullsadhyafrca na sandayanRase pake ca madhuram kasayar.n sitalarp guruKaphapittasrajid grahl vatalam ca praklrttitafn " (Bha.pra.)l

"{niq-d cgn qqr qeTr q sflr qcn r{fl-d-dr frfuor od P'* s;fi 1ssa1 11q-+-ddr {dq-dr trq qqqffi rra'r rffiafr-qa fr-{-W 16fuqs nrri-( rrer$ Rr<qr6s: p1qf€fi: EFIF6{'1;T: I

Sq g {n-d-di iGR T€ Rg 6srqs( rlsr€ai Trf,s ser dsfirnfuqrqrs( rrrft-Aqat +{ 1urq+e q-oer s rlq€t srqg(, {frd {6{drr6tl Fd, Iliti <rqa frnqq {RTq.rsis wrtq rr

- (fr.{.)

["Salmali madhura vrsyi balya ca tuvara mata

290

Sitala picchila laghvi snigdha svAdvi rasayana

Suklala 5leqmalA caiva dhatuvfddhikari mata

Raktapittafraca pittafica raktadosafrca nasayet

Tvagraso syadgrahakah syittuvarah kaphanasanah

Puspar.n tu sitalam tiktam guru svadu kagayakam

Vatalam grahakam r[ksam kaphapittavinasakam

Raktadogaharam caiva gunahyete phalasya ca

Kando syanmadhuraf sito malastambhakaro matah

Sopham dahaflca pitta.frca santipancaiva nasayet" (Ni.ra.)l

"{n"rd frffir qd q-€+ rgefl-a-a, r6qFr{q e{1, furs, gq6q'BqE-qti{, il

d<qR{"ft qrfr *'qrq, ;FtF;lT{[tF: I

Se n-s--q i{frqt q.-o as aenhq( il" ({.fr.)

["Salmali picchilo vrsyo balyo madhuraditalahKasaya6ca laghuh snighdhah 5ukla5!egmavivardhanahTad rasastad guno grahi kagayah kaphanasakaf.tPuspam tadvacca nirdistam phalam tasya tathavidham" (Ra.ni.)l

"gqr {sr{n rfl-m xgr 1sq16-d, I

rmfuterr +q Yrrcq-d qr$16!fr lr" (q.fr.)['Vfcya rasayani sita madhura rasapakatallRaktapittahara caiva salmali dhatubrmhaqrl" (Ma.ni.)l

"fl-cc-d qfl-can fu'qr roqapdqffiffi r

["Salmali 6itala snigdha suklasleEmavivardhinlKasayastad raso grahi pugpap tadvattatha phalaqn " (Dha. ni.)l

"yrerb, rnial Rrfr {0 cr+ wr+fi r{Aq-dr gE fr qqr fuiq1fqflrsrurfi 11gq R6 {S qr+ Fci fu+A fui go r6qFj qra-di are *w66ufueq rr " (*.fr.)- . . ^ - .["Salmalih sitala svadvi rase pake rasAyaniSl esma! a bJmha4i vrsya sn i gdha pittaslana5aniPuspar.n svadu rase pake ruksam tiktam himam guruKasayar.n vAtalam grAhi kaphapittasraj itparap " (Kai. ni.)l

291

EngHinMalSant a mTel

Semul-gum, MocharasS6mur ka gdnd, Mocras (tgtllavinpa6a (OgorlcE ouo;M6carasah (qfqW:)llavupa6ai ($leuquor+;M6casara (:r-b}b)

s.r rir<, dF{q)

"Frqtq' Ynerd, ftr6;1 qr€qmqrR a t

iqsFil qt{cil ffiq 1afr rr " (til.c.)

["Niryasah salmaleh piccha salmalirvestikdpi caMocasravo mocaraso mocaniryasa ityapi' (Bha.pra.)l

"errpr:{l11qi gd W F1g {srq{: I

ft{rq, q-q-{-t arfaqFrqil qrilir{f{: rlqlM c<e+.F+qreo r3TrqridsrwrFil wrfrsn-+rvn, r " (fr.r.)

["Vayasahsthapano vrsyo guru svadu rasAyanah

Snigdhah kaphakaro garbhasthapako vatanasanahAtisarapravahaghno raktarukpittadahahAAmatisarasamano raktatisaranasanah" (Ni.ra.)l

qerlMrRff ionrfrfuO, 11-dFdd, {frd: geFt: q11E{&(q: 1" (q.fr.)

["Pakvatisarasamano hanti ghorapravahikamPicchilah 5uklalah sitah sandhanah salmalirasah" (Ma.ni.)l

'*-q{q{g 6q[rl: ggdrir6t {smi frrr( |

eogfu sliddcaqffiR rrd r " ({r.fr.)["Mocarasastu kagayah kaphavAtaharo rasayano yogatBalapug!im varnaviryaplajfr ayurdehasiddhido grAhi " (RA.ni.)l

"F{qts, {frtra, ft:Fdt qrfr Qe: tf,'tfpftfi: Ilrqrft orjffi<rr<rc-1-q r | " (+.fr . )[Niryasah 5italah snigdho grahi vrsyah kagayakal;tPravahikajtisaramakaphapittasradahanut" (Kai.ni.)l

Remarks: The bark and gum of this tree are more commonly used in Ayurvedicformulations. This resinous gum is dif ferent from other exudations in that i t

wi l l not dissolve in water. but only gets bloated (swollen) on soaking.

292

Coll. No. AVS 2540

B o rassus fl ab e I I ifer Linn.(B. flabelliformis Roxb.)

Arecaceae : (W-5;dq)

' Eno : Palmvra palm

, Hin : Tar, Tdl (zR, drd)i

I Kan : Tdlimara (saQdoc)

i Mal : Karirhpana (6,olcrum)

I S"n : Talah, Taladrumah (aro,, mq;rq' )

I fam : Karumpanai, Nonkuppanai (oq5rbuea'cm, StriguL-Leu'om)

I ret : Tadicettu (e',:;q)

Distribution: Hotter parts of India. u'i ld as wcll as cultivated

The p lant : A ta l l pa lm at ta in ing a height of about 30 m. wi th a b lack stem

with a crown of leaves at the top: leaves ( ) .9 - 1.5 m in d iameter .

palmately fan shaped. rigidlv coriaccous. cleft into many lobes.

petiole edges with hard hornl' spinescent scrratures: f lowers

uniscxual . male spaCix branched. female spadix s imple: f ru i ts large.

subglobose drupes. on thc greatlv cnlarged pcrianth.

Parts used: roots. leaves. inflorescences. fruits

Properties and uses: The roots are cooling. restorative, diuretic. stimulant

and antiphlogistic. They are useful in hyperdipsia' burning sensation.

strangury and inf' lammation. The juice of the leaf stalks and young

roots is good for gastric catarrh and hiccough. The ash obtained by

burning the inflorescene is a good antacid and antiperiodic. and is

useful in hyperacidity. heart burn, bil ious fever. splenomegaly.

haepatomegalv and sk in d ise ases. Thc I ' r r . r i ts are swect . cool ing.

laxativc. sedative. anthelmtntic. depurative, styptic, stomachic.

aphrodisiac and tonic. The y are useful in hyperdipsia' burning

sensat ion, dyspepsia. f la tu lcncc. c t l l ic . c t tnst ipat i t ln . in test inal worms.

leprosy. skin diseases, haemorrhages. haemoptysis. vit iated

conditions of pitta and vata and general debil it"v.

"sftRrdq ffi q-6-6q' veo+1 vrdrats, r

d.ti.mqurtrsrgCeit dc*v*w tt

ea-u-qstJfird-6d gne€r {tr+fsa rfu{q{q, Fqdiil Ei*{a6-.tt-{-q ffi, 11 " (31.c.)

Borassus flabellifer

single fruit

294

["Uktastalastu talo mahatrnah sallaki SamovyasahDirghatarustmarajo drume6varo lekhyapat!'ascaDhvajavftsoJsitakayo d uraruho dirghavaryascaCi rapakyah pitlbijo dirghaskand ha5ca paryayai h " (A. ma.)l

"drdq agrd, Rquntdt r1fu16, 1" 1ql.q.;

["Talastu lekhapatfah syattmarajo mahonnatah" (Bha. pra.)]

itroktrogrt: q* ddw-*it LTqSs: I

E Rdt qgtfr qcrEd frdcrfl, rr

Aegcq{sl-q rrsqd €Getr, r

dffi T6uilqr€-{grq *-w r' tn.fr.l["Talastaladrumal'1 patf dirghaskandho dhvajad rumahTrnarajo madhuraso madadhyo dirghapadapal;tCi rayustarurajasca gajabhakso drdhacchadahDirghapatlo gucchapatrolpyasavadru6ca godasa" (Ra.ni.)l

".r*i dros?i fime-dtMe-qti{n r

5St S1r q 6afqqqqq5ql 11

iTroqwl g irSoTr ffi og, t

{Asqdjl qrafrtq, qfrfr qt1, s1, 11

drosi d5"i ffiq r65qirt Iqulr1n rra g @tu-aq l" (qr.y.)

[" Pakvam talaphalam pittaraktasleqmavivardhanam

Dufiarar.n bahumutram ca tandrabhisyandasukladamTalamajja tu taruna kiflcinmadakari laghuhSlesmalo vatapittaghnah sasneho madhurafi sarahTalajam tarunam toyamativa madakrnmatam IRmtiOnutam yada tu syatpittakrdvatadosahrt" (Bha. pra.)l I

'v-o eg {fr cr+ moti Wtmk( r

d$i EC-q+ g ry; ianmmmq r " (q.fr.)["Phalam svadu rase pake talajam gurupittajitTad bijar.n svadupakam tu m u lam syadraktapittaj it " (Dha. ni.)l

"ar-orq5ifr eEr+i feqffiq-( r" ({r.ft.)

["TAlanguli svadurasam gulmaplihantrarogajit" (Ra.ni.)]

"drorq firi@{+ae-qqkdr I€ | " (rr.q.)

["Talarhbu pittaj it 5u kl astanyavlddhikaram guru " (Ra.va.)]

"iTrd{srq cg{,Yfrtrdr {TF-{T€, rgkfi {E-od-*-s5qqfi Efgtfil-rtf: llqq{q {ras, fim{rstsFdqr{qr( |

@srd'I-q nsr\ rr " (fr.{.)

["TdlavfkSastu madhurafr Sitalo madakrdguruf.t Zg5

Pustikrd 6uklakaphak1nmedakrd balakarakahVrsya5ca sarakah pittadaha6osavisa5ramanVisakusthakrmiraktadosavatansca nasayet (Ni.ra')l

"aro< q{t, {ffit tC,{AqqOc-(' t

WadT6 ' i rdR@11rq-o es TF fu'*i wg cei leri sq tfr€fq {dur gq d{"i o.m.qr€-f( nr+afimiroqrs qffiEr€ q{dEqrt Idci €rS {i crs A*a anfimfuq tt

c-fii dros?t fimriM+qfcn t

s-${ v51r a n-<{n+wk r1Edd( l

droqqt ( asq, WqE qqdil og, t

{dqdt q;6foqq, q$fr qq1, q1, 11aroti aourdqrfi-qqrFFfl qqffi d( r

erEqrqqqqrfr qfl il(

fu6gq qq-{fu q 11

17irqrqd *qRffiir firr-g1g+a6'p r

?Tr6Er {kp6 iq qk{ft:-6-l qrq 11 '

1$.fr.1

[-Talastu madhurah 5ito medahslegmabalapradahSuklalo brmhano hanti vatapittavranakrminPhalam tasya guru snigdham svadu balyam himam saram

Vistambhi brmhanam vlgyam tarpanam kaphamamsakrtRaktapittan i lasvasakgayadahaksatavrananBijap svadu rase pake m[trala1n vatapittajitPakvam talaphalam pittaslesmaraktavivardhanam

Dufiaram bahum[tram ca tandraibhisyandi suklalam

T€lamajja tu tarunah kincit madakaro laghuh

Slesmalo vatapittaghnah sasneho madhurah sarah

Talajam tarunatoyamativapraninap madavikarakaram tatAmlabhavamupayati yada tatpittakrt pavanadogaharam caSlesmapaham syad vistambhi pittakrt suklalam guru

TAlasya mastakam jneyam vastisuddhikaram param "(Kai.ni.)l

Remarks: The inflorescence of this plant, called panaviral inMalayalam andtaklfigul[ in Sanskrit. is one of the constituents in a widely used Ayurvedicformulation of Kerala. Panaviruladibhasmant

296

Coll. No. AVS 2541

Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.Burseraceae : (Jfr!q-$;Ol;

Distribution: Throughout central and northern India on dry hil ls

The plant: A medium sized deciduous tree with ash coloured papery barkpeeling off in thin flakes. young shoots pubescent; leaves alternate.

i*pu.ipinnute, crowded at the ends of branches. leaflets oppositd,pubescent, crenate-serrate; f lowers small. white in axil lary racemes;fruits trigonus drupes, three-valved; seeds compressed. pendulous.

The commercially used olibanum is the solidif ietl oliogum-resinexuded from the tree. A good quality is of golden colour and is

transparent. The colour varies from golden yellow to dark brown or

to dark greenish brown.Parls used: bark. gum-resinProperties and uses: The bark is sweet, acrid, cooling and tonic. It is good

for vitiated conditions of pitta, asthma, dysentery, ulcers,

haemorrhoids and skin diseases. The gum-resin is sweet, bitter,astringent, antipyretic, antidysenteric, expectorant, diaphoretic,diuretic, stomachic and emmenagogue. It is useful in fevers,

diaphoresis. convulsions. dysentery urethrorrhea, orchiopathy,

bronchitis, asthma, cough, stomatitis, syphilitic diseases, chroniclaryngitis, jaundice and arthritis.

"R-ff+1 fiqq-dr Rr( r-qqqql rr6rd€: I

frdr xqsor frEr Ffidgrq g6€, r " (frr+flq,)

[" Sallaki nimbapat!'a syat gajabhaksya mahataruh

PIta tryasraphala piccha niryasoisyastu kundurul;r" (Sivaddsah)l

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

lndian Ol ibanum treeSalai, Kundur (€rd, t;5{)Guggula, Madi (rr:rt^o. doe)

Ku nt u ru k kam, Samp rani ( d,]crrr;ro;aoo, ffucLmJc6rDl )

Sal laki, Kundurugkah ({Rt+1, g{os:)

Parankisarhpirani (upr6rBcnLbr-i7rcuofl )Sdmbrdni (,)ogeB)

297

.,|

I[,

i

tTI

@'

I E

[ ' '

Gr

i

T

d

q

I"F

TP

t

qiql

l l

cfi

I t

F

{r.

rl.S

P.NKS-RR

;

6

o+.ol-Loo.Eo

ooo

€@:

298

"yrRr+i rrrrqqr q V*a g<qlrgt rqtsufi TSg'+1 qeu+1q 6Gutn l " (riT.c.)

["Sallaki gajabhaksa ca suvaha surabhi rasaMaheruna kunduruki vallaki ca bahusrava" (Bha.pra.)l

"s(tls, s<l-+l Fd grFtr E{FTg-qt rgrFrrte*n q Vq-a rsrcrellTr tlrr;ET{or tqlmsr gfror qok*qr r

6flT So-{fi-+l +E ctffr {srFor s {rT tlfs-{5-6r rr+F[-or iqt qr€RTn{qfl | " ({.fr.)

["Sallakah sallaki sall i sugandha surabhisravaSurabhirgajabhakasa ca suvaha gajavallabhaGandhamula mukhamoda su6fka jalavikramaHrdya kuntarika caiva prokta tryasraphala ca saCh i n naru ha gand haphala j neya casladasahvaya " (Ra. ni.)l

"{rftr+l g-d{r {n-dr vdqfimri*snfuq rr-ftffi gfuft+rg*R-m rra-set oqqldRf:tiqri-d+-{T{r+{ |yq{srus +..i qnq{i,ter€Ht( rr " (r.fr.)["Sallaki tuvara 6ita slesmapittatisarajitRaktapittavranahari pust i krtsam udiritaTatphalam kaphavatarsahkustharocakanasanamPuspafrcasya kapham vatamarsahkustharucirjayet" (Ga.ni.)l

qsrq s@+1ri'{, 5Grorfr grTrrFF: Ivfl-a-*fw rgrRa-d qr{qudsfl tldur+i +.s qni |iil-wni{q cRTt( rqwtfuint g€ a r*ki ffi( rrf+ftmje qfr aql g;go:gawka, r

5;{€d5wiepil ffi vq' i6E: qd: tlRryW-dwr<cn e;d qrd<+wq6, rr*r-t s-d qril{oqfr urfrs+q rrTftrFdqri a+rqq rrvrticFr +1fta, | " (fr.r.y

[]V1kSastu sallakisamjfr ah pust i kari kasayakahSitaviryasca mad h urasti kto g rahyasradogan utVlaladogam kapham vatam pittafrcarsanca nasayetPakvatisaram kusthar.n ca raktapitam vinasayetNiryasoisya mato namna kunduruh sujfrabhasitahKundururmadhurastikg4o tikto rucyah katu h smrtahSnighdha6cosnastatha tvacyo jvarasvedakaphapahahRaktaruk pradaram vatamalaksmim grahapidanamRaktatisaram y[kafrca na5ayediti kirttitah" (Ni.ra.)]

299

"s-@-+1 Ed{r {fl-dr fims-dqrffid-( t

rqtfimEunfr gFz-{r*Eetft-dl I " (tiT.s.)

['sallaki tuvari sita pitta6lesmatisarajitRaktapittavranaharT pugt i kftsam udirita " (Bha. pra.)l

"€-@+i erq+qrqrjfrvn-o qH g+1frdr rq-dgi 6R fu-flq ffi Tdr lt (tr.ft.)

[' Sal laki syat kasayalti5itA vlrye prakirltitaValasam hanti pittasya prakopa6amanl mata" (Dha.ni.)l

"s-c.T'+i fd4acg{r +qrqr qrffi qa r

@r"( {T . f r . )I Sallaki tiktamadhura kasaya grahini para

Kusl hasrakaphavata6ovranadosArtti nasi ni (Ra. n i.)l

"q-€6+1 il+rr YR-dr 5}q 1g-frffi, 1

f f i 1 1

il{q sqqrdrsS€fts-s-{qn{ | " (s.fi'.)

I Sallaki tuvara sita krarrena rasaviryayohValasapittapakvatisAravraqavi nasi niTatpuspam kaphavatasrakustharocakana6anam " (Kai.ni.)l

a,o4o141*i6macaolgg) a,;aoflolaoocolgol)o

micnl<dar-:ocor'l5lo1cgccml o.rcorcuocernl(Dmc(oo)o

or<icac"y"oicno ocrco"ldolo cn ccrn?or]. a;.docn ccroo,5cil

crurlD oeJ(J") J slno ] 6ITB ca, od, c erre olluo Locn ; o LoJ'l ao) o. ( CI l. "lc. )

[" Kaccericcusnamayul I u kuntirikkamate{f avumSnigddhamayit! ir ipponnu vatasonitanasanamTvagdosaghnam corikkum nanneffavum kusthanasakrl

SaurabhyagunamuntakakontatiSvaranu1n pl' iyam " (Gu. pa.)l

300

Coll. No. AVS 1055

Brassica juncea Czern. & Coss.B rassicace ae : (lFq+'r-T-dA

l-------i Eng : Indian mustard

HinKanMalSanTamTel

Rayi tui)Sdsive (x-0.1,d)Katuku, Cerukatuku 1e,s1d, o'Loiaslai';Sarsapah, Rajika,*, .'6ot)Katugu (s@e)Avdlu (e;.u:)

Distribution: Cultivated throughout lndiaThe plant: A glabrous annual with a few bristles at the base upto 1.5 m in

height; basal leaves !ong, broadlv ovate. coarsely dentate, persistentmiddle leaves oblong, S-dentate. upper leaves broadly l ineat entire;flowers yellory in racemes; fruits sil iqua. breaking away from belowupwards; seeds attached to the replum.

Parts used: seeds, oilProperties and uses: The seeds are acrid, bitter, thermogenic, anodyne,

anti-inflammatory, carminative, digestive, anthelmintic, aperient,sudorific and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of. vata andkapha, dengue fever, abdominal colic, anorexia, dyspepsia, intestinalworms, flatulence, inflammations, morbid state of the cerebrospinalsystem, skin diseases. splenomegaly and persistent vomiting.Mustard is used in larger doses as an emetic in cases of poisoningand it wil l cause hyperdipsia. burning sensation, and other disordersdue to the vitiation of. oitta.

a q f*+l frq{r'r*lT grw++rgfr r.q UqFrqro, T&1+,r gwm{q, 11=.iv, +-go, qlqqqgq 6qqd5, I

+(E s{q, cri,fuspi cfr orqe l "(qr.e.)" Raji tu rajika tlkSnagandha kqujjanakAsurlK sav al.r ksud hab h i janakah kRni ka krsnasalsapaf.tSarsapah katukah snehastantubha6ca kadambakah3aurastu salsapai.r pfajnaih siddhartha iti kathyate" (Bha.pfa.)l

!Ili

301

Brassica juncea

/ ' " .

.-)

\"-i'i\-

fruit

.:ll./

I r..- |

H l , '

2 4 c mp lan t

302

"3lrgfr {k*l {rql {fumr rffs{s: Ifrq{frf*Tf egfr*'f ete+, g6Ffi: q1c1, tl{tETQ6-tF: 5wffiqotqoT {q{rfu6r {rS Iw Tgrs{qrqr Rqr rrqsdqrcqr e rrfrsq-*..qq $r*ql reiq, t;qTr{rr: IfuErd-q{, frEqrtr{, ffiq, lt

' ({r.fr.)

["Asuri rlika raji raktika raktasarsapahTTksnagandha madhurika ksavakah ksuvakah ksavahRajaksavakah krsnatiksnaphalA rAjarajai ka raj niSa krsnasarsapakhya vijneya rajasarsapakhya caTTksnaka6ca duradharso raksoghnah kusthana6anahSiddhaprayojanah siddhasadhanafr sitasarsapah" (Ha.ni.)l

s{cq tt vt+ s-{,ftryrq, sfu66, Ifrrpfrq, Ers-qrdd a6sfi1flfraqrt{, 11reHI qt(ou-ge@urr1r

qerr {ftrRrqt dR' k-< rili qtr qa' rrffqen *.qqrad dlq{iurn {ftfutrf( |t+qF+6mtr+< 6!-{t€deg[ctt Et( rlerffis{Tr Rnq a-sq*nin {ridfir Iq{r l6cr ftrrifr d-qq cErtsfu( rl*ci R{.i frg +gsrq'ci og' rAqi s{rtr&i f,edi frnTstr+q rr

Mrqrq-q r

@ 1 1a-e-*ffi; ffin{r-f-qT( | (qT.e.)["Sarsapastu rase pake katuh snigdhah satiktakahfiksnognah kaphavataghno raktapittagnivardhanahRaksoharo jayet kandukusthakothakrmigrahanYatha raktastatha gaurah kintu gauro varo matahRaj ika kaphavatagh ni tlksnosna raktapittakrtKifr cidr[ksagnidA kand[kusthakosthakrmin haretAtitiksna vi6esena tadvatkrsnajpi rajikaSara hima gururgrahl tatpuspam pradarasrajitDipanar.n sars€rpam tai lam katu pakarasam lag huhLekhanam spafsaviryoSnar.n tiksnap pittasrad usakamKaphamedoln i larsagh nam SirakarnamayApahamKandukusJhakrmi5vitrakothadus_takrmipranutTadvadrajikayostailam visesanmutrakrcchrakrt" (Bha.pra.)l

''fltg{q-drjq.i reiq, sqqrafu( r

Fqrc6.rwEq, qftnfuiFrorffifuq rrdasffiq fugld, fdft, fur$1u16, 6E, 11

303

3lTgfr +-gftdwn 5ffi owgpefuq ttFftrq-fr {ffi T6+.ft q {r rTdr 1 " (u.fr.)

[" GaurasapapakoJtyuSno raksoghnah kaphavatajit

Krmyamakandu kusthag h naf.r srutiSlrsan i lartti j it

T_advad raktastu sidd harthah ti ktah sn i g hd hosnakah kat u hAsuri katutiktosna kugthaghnl kaphagulmajitNidrakari 5ophahari grahakarl ca sa smfa" (Dha.ni.)l

"3Trg{r figrffewn qnffiwm tqEfuffI 6fr 6656q5fq*vn1 tt

nqqffidn, +-{wt} qrd{IrJ( |

fun-q6c-n leq?Fu-{g€ltutFft: rl

fucrei, *-gffiwil qlira*[n6n-d: I

t-d Fv5a-*uru-t' tt

frr.i g {Iffit fi amtccrv-gq ri*rFrn og IiREi *rli rr " (n.fr.)

["Asura katutiktosna vatapJiharttisulanutDahapittada hanti kaphagulmakrmivrananRdiasarsapakastiktah kattlsno vatasulanutPittadahapf ado gu lmakar.rQrl kust havranapahah

Siddharthah katutiktosno vataraktagrahapahahTvagdosasamano rucyo visabhutavranapahal;t

lkSnam tu rajikatailam ifreyar.n vatadidosanutSisram katu punstvaghnar.n ke6yam tvagdogana6anam " (Ra.ni.)l

"d.i *-trd €si Tswr q-sgkq t

ssirt dqui ror5 rffi qq l

a-s-.q {k+-r{rFn r*ffi+qrtf-q r

6*d sqTq-q5rw T$wI Ff€(1u rr " td.fr.)

[" Sapapar.n kat u kam ru kgam gu nlgpr.n badd ham utravit

Saksaram lavanam svadu dosatrayakaram param

Tadvaca ratikasakam raktapittavidahakrt

TikSnafn ruksamacakgusyam bhrsognam krmihrt guru' (Kai.ni.)l

A,s;A,1oo6O oCDo ojCoo ":CA,fOO'le,OOo14tO1

ollademocot;g gotccolgo aem;LrooLlcocoa,5ru)

6)dnolcd)5-6llogrorolldaeil. oaro"-t'loroo.r"loldalcno.

a,orwoa,s3a,1oo6oco1. o;emdlorpgoccr)orc;o

g"democofl o9o14lg g a,sloa,6m6,oocojooo

a,Jo1a,l.'do66Bo3 aldrmcootco:ecn<r0aer;. o.r'lmcooa,5d. (<nl' o-tc.)

["Katukinte rasam param pakattinkalericcatu

TikSnamayul latayettar.n malamOtlavirodhakftKaphavatannal ettirkku m raktapittavivardd hanam

304

Karutta katukin{eyum gunamivannamayvarum

Usnamayittericcul l a katukenna kaphapaham

Krmikusthannal durnnAmavatannalkxum vinasakrt ' (Gu.pa.) l

Remarks: The four kinds of mustard described in the above quotations are whilemustard (Brassica aiba, Sanskri t Sitasarsapd: \1alaraiam I 'enkutuku )brorvnmustard (8. camp estris, Sanskrit Ra kt as ar sa p ri. \l a la va I ant ( e il k d r u k Li.Indian niustard(8. iwtcea, Sanskri t Snrsapi, \ lalaialarn ( 'erukutuku ) and.black mustard (8. nigra, Sanskri t . Krsnusar:tptt . \ lalar alam Kari ikaruxit 1.

a

.

305

Coll. No. AVS 2545

Brassica ol eracea Linn.B rassicaceae : (tlwor-5oa

var. capitata Linn,

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

CabbageBantg6pi 1q-affi;K6bi-gaddi (d"oet)-dd. )Mottakk0su, Kyabej loocgaogmi, a,5cceugilKembukah, Kemukh (+ESs fu6,)M uttai kkos ( grr-cor-riGsnoiu )Kosugadda (fr:x;)

Distribution: Cultivated on hil l-topsThe plant: A suffruticose biennial 0.5 m in height, stems quite glabrous,

branching in the upper part; leaves basal and lower cauline, large,stalked, nerves stout, white, especially prominent below, marginscrenulate and undulate, the middle cauline leaves amplexicaul,oblong-obovate, obtuse, the upper leaves oblong-linear, almostentire, all leaves fleshy, glabrous; flowers large, pale yellow, 20-40 inracemes; fruits irregularly spreading or ascending l inear pods,tetragonous, often serpentine-flexuose with a beak, mostlyone-seeded, seeds globose, obscurely brown, pendulous.

Parts used: leavesProperties and uses: Leaves are sweet, cooling, stomachic, antiscorbutic,

emollient, constipating, diuretic, anthelmintic and cardiotonic. Theyare useful in abdominal disorders, pruritus. skin diseases. diarrhoea,strangury, intestinal worms. cough, bronchial asthma, fever, warts.urorrhea, haemorrhoids. gout and vit iated conditions of pitta andvata.

+$+'r +5fr, *rq Wx <a+rfufr r#W, eeqkaq: €t56-<{q frffi rr (qr.c.)

["Kebuka kemukah ke;bu supatla dalamAliniKel0tah svalpavitapah svadukandadca polini " (Bha.pra.)l

"fu +.3:6 cr+ ffi aft ftri og rflci qsi as *.Ffotrq{qtt rr

306

oo)

o

o+ro.ECLo()r.:(g

Goo€L

Ioo.9oooL

@

o

3

307

56-s,r€c{dg{RFl Hlild *3: I (qL9.)

["Kemukar.n katukam pake tiktam grahi himam laghuDipanar.n pacanar.n hfdyam kaphapittajvarapahamKugthakasapramehasranasanam vatalam ka!uh" (Bha.pra.)l

"+E+l croii ER fri Filfi, gyfrfra, r " fd.fr.l["Ked]buko marutam hanti pittam tiktah susitalah" (So.ni.)l

"fu {hrdi Trft frffii 6rnaratq-( | ' (q.cr.fr.)

[" Keyrlram 5ital am grah i pittal am kaphavataj it " (Ma. pa. n i)]

"+5+ str6 vt+ foid nR ftc og r*qi nsi aa ssfrnerrl-q rr$asrsri€V{ €{t gotlr{o( r " t*.fi.)[Kemukam kalukar.n pake tiktam grahi himar.n laghuDipanam rocanar.n hfdyam kaphapittajvarapahamKusthakasapfamehasfk harate kuruteJnilam" (Kai.ni.)l

3Ott

Coll. No. 8.5.L (C.N.H.)-l 458

Buchanania lanzan Spreng.(B. lat i fol ia Roxb.)

Anacardiaceae : ( 3T19-{-6{)

H inKanMal

SanTamTel

Piyar, Ciraunrci ffqn, iqli-Sl

Nurkala (acuo)Mural, M[nnapelu, Pr iyalam

1ogou6, oyeaacc"-ri, Lot'locg")Priyalah (fi-qrd,)

Murala (qpDironn)Sara (ic)

Distribution: Throughout India,in deciduous forests in areas upto 900 melevation

The plant: A medium sized tree about 18 m in height with dark grey ornearly black rough fissured bark and young branches clothed withsilky hairs; leaves simple, broadly oblong, obtuse, base rounded.thickly coriaceous. main nerves l0-20 pairs. straight and parallel;f lowers small, greenish white, in terminal and axil lary panicles whichare shorter than the leaves: carpels 5, only one perfect, other fourreduced to cylindrical f i laments. fruits black, lenticular drupes.

Parts used: roots. leaves, fruits

Properties and uses: The roots are acrid, astringent. cooling, depurativeand constipating, and are useful in vit iated conditions of pitta andkapha, leprosy, skin diseases and diarrhoea.

The leaves are cooling, digestive, expectorant. purgative,depurative and aphrodisiac, and are useful in hyperdipsia, burningsensation. cough, bronchitis, dyspepsia, f latulence, constipation,leprosy, skin diseases and seminal weakness.

The fruits are sweet, sour, cooling, emollient. depurative, anti-inflammatory, nervine tonic, cardiotonic, stomachic. laxative,diuretic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, rejuvenating, febrifuge and tonic.They are useful in vitiated conditions of pilta and vata, leprosy, skin'diseases, gleet, inflammations, nervous debility, hyperdipsia, burningsensation, cardiac debil ity, abdominal disorders, constipation,strangury, ulinary calculus, cough, asthma, seminal weakness, fever,emaciation, ulcers and general debil itv.

309

Buchanania lanzan

310

"Fqrd{g €{w.q{anril q5qffio: I

{rqEi drrft€, sqfr-df{,{€, l " (,rT.9.)

[" Priya! astu kharaskandhascararo bahuval kalal;t

Rajadanam tapaseqtah sannakarduJdhanuh patah" (Bha.pfa')l

"fiqdh €{w=trrqft ;rg6dG6-o: I

do_{Rrqsftq, 1 " (q.fi.)

["Priyalojtha kharaskandhaScaro bahuJavalkalahSnehabija6cavapu!o lalanastapasapfiyah" (Dha.ni.)l

"ri-fip: (lQlFF€: IR: I

fiqdijalrowffi, sq6g{frfrq, 11

{no: $reTTr{fls, 5dJu uei 4{, | (+.F.)

["Dhanusputah kharaskandhaScaro drakgaphalah parah

Briyal ojmlaphalastvakkaf.r sannakadrurm un i pfl yah

Salah sakhamrga6cadhah putoJtha lalano varah" ffai.ni.)l

-qrrq foffiTqqwffi-o cT{ T€ |

ft{'d si qo-(frffiTdsq"qqlq6{ rt

e-ltd;rwl qgtt qql firali{ortrtl 1

adffcg*, k'ti fuS qrq-qfi, n' (cl.e.)

["Carastu pittakasaghnastatphalar.n madlturar.n guru

Sn i gd ham saram marutpittadahajvaratpapahar.nPfiyalamjja madhura vrsya pittanilapaha

HrdyoJtidufjaral;r snigdho vistambhi camvardhanah" Fha.pra.)l

foqr6, +.q'iqffi' 6-qr4lJie s.o TF I

Rrrlai cg{ vt+ qfurti rfrra vq tt IfuP * qq q-€ri rff*qt|a1 tqiqe"frnrscE-drrfisidc]cr{ | rTqwr sg{, futfr qq,fi1qf4g1q6, t

€dlftE-St e-€dl HS 6.sqf{, rl

ffii cg{ T5 {d;qt+q*+q tffi rr€q {*i eldfu{fi, rr (d.fr.)

[" Priyalai.r kaphapittaghnah kasayolsya phalar.n guruSvadvamlam madhurar.n pake susnigdham Sltalam sararyVi st ambh i bfmhanam vf gyar.n balyarp 5l e$m avivar:d han amJayenmarutapittasradahatppksatakgayanTanmajja madhural;r snigdho vfqyah pittanilApahahHrdyoitidufjaro balyo vistambhi kaphavaldhanahPfiyalatailam madhurar.n guru 5legmavivardhana6Hitamicchanti natyuqnam samyoge vatapittayoit" (Kai.ni.)l

fi-qr"i q Wq W sfrild( r

3 1 1

zrEerdcr{6iq.Gqs{q furd fudfi{ 61s'S{dTE Iq{ qFr6i furqq-i$r g eqa-c1il (s-o )fi4aq-qr cgi gq, fqffiss6, | " (3{.€.q.s.)

t . ........ priyalam ca brmhanam guru sitalamDahaksataksayaharam raktapittaprasAdanamSvadupakarasar.n sn i gd ham vistambh i kaphasukl akrtParam vataharam snigdhamanugnar.n tu priyalajam (phalam)Priyalamajja madhuro v!'qyah pittanilapahah (A.hr.Su.6)l

"srdfuf,Ei qq fiqai go rfra-o1rqr{s g ciit T€ €rrEcd gdt &'+1rrqRqNTr {c5{r gqT ffi+oq-a | (q.F.)

["Vatapittaharam vrsyam priyalam guru sitalamCarasya tu phalam pakvam svadvamlam dul.jaram pliyamCaramajjA samadhura vrsyA pittanilapaha " (Dha.ni.)l

"qp{zl s r5o.r*i gq 'ieqr6d To rn-q$q rg{ qq fiffi(l€rF.EQr{( tr " ({I.fr.)

["Carasya ca phalam pakvam vfgyam gaulyamlakam guruTad bljam mad huram vfgyar.n pittadahartti naSanam " (Ra. n i.)l

"qp, ffi5qlsq n-+-o r5 50 r

fu'd qr c€frnEr6{6qqarr6t lld;{iqr qg{r qqr {-{66-dr Fl-nq"rdk( |

- (q.fr.)

["Carah pittakaphasraghnah tatphalam madhuram guruSnigham saram marutpittadahatrsnaksatapahamTanmajja madhura vrsya suklala pittavatajit (Ma.vi.)l

"qtd qgqr gqr sT6T 1d en rm rqlaqiq+-fr fu'qr sfl-d-6r rrqEfffi

ffi-fEdt qeqr fi-qr qnffi r

@rrsidsd TwrqFd ilqqr qg{r {frr Iqqt q qr6firflEfi a-id rry r;o rr

ffiq5q om-+r lffiqrrw+t rwtrp; g q+t r+recm;firt-e1nsr{Tqr g cg{I qq fu'El q d-a-an I{dRilr+-fr qrrqti+r gda rm rr6flr q {+ddr qrdfirn-{flofr ciTr r "(fr.{.)

["CarolT madhura vrsya camla gurvi sara mataMalastambhakari snighdha sitala dhatuvafdhiniKaphakrddurjara balya priya vatavinariini

312

Pittadahajvaratlgaksataru kraktadoganut

Kgatakgayam na5ayati tanmajja madhura mata

Vrsya ca dahapittaghni tattailam madhuram guru

Kifr ciduqnan kaphakarar.n pittavatavinasanam

Caramulam tu tuvaram raktarukkaphapittahamCaramajya tu madhura vrsya snigdhA ca sitala

Malastambhakari camava!'dhaka durjara mata

Hrdya ca 5uklala vatapittanasakari mata"(Ni.ra')l

"qrdkn€i gw fi-+ni To rfraan teqrarsqr qgt gq fqflIi;roFr€' l (5.q.de)

["VAtapittaharam vrsyam priyalam guru sitalam

Priyalamaija madhuro vfqyah pittanilapahah" (Su.Su. a6)l

"ffi qg{ T6 {dqfu-q$q I

ffi qrtdlgq( {zitn +qfimi l -

(s.Ti.q. t\,)

["Priyalatailam madhuram guru 5lesmabhivafdhanam

Hitamicchanti natyausnyat samyoge kaphapittayoh" (Ca.sam.S[.27)]

313

Coll. No. AVS 2444

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.(B. frondosa Koenig ex Roxb.)

Fabaceae ' f eTqrtfdr-toa

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Flame of the forest, Bastard teak

Dhak, Pala5 (at6, q€trfl)

M uttagamara (a3:Jg-rtdrd)

PldSU, Camata (jgcud, "-loor;Pald6ah (Torfl,)

Camatd (eLogn)M6duga (3r-5rx)

Distribution: Throughout India,in deciduous forests in areas upto 1,200 melevation, also in open areas

The plant A medium sized deciduous tree, very conspicuous when inflower, 12-15 m in height with gum-containing grey bark exfoliatingin irregular pieces, and somewhat crooked trunk; Ieaves 3-foliate,leaflets coriaceous, obtuse, glabrous above when old, finely silky andconspicuously reticulately veined beneath; flowers bright orange red,large, in rigid racemes; fruits pods, thickened at the sutures'containing a single seed.

Partsrrsed: bark, leaves, flowers, seeds, gumProperties and uses: The bark is acrid, bitter, astringent, thermogenic,

emollient, aphrodisiac, appetiser, digestive, constipating,anthelmintic and tonic. It is useful in vitiated conditions of pitta andkapha, anorexia, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids,intestinal wonns, bone fractures, rectal diseases, dysmenorrhoea,gonorrhoea, hepatopathy, ulcers, tumours, hydrocele and diabetes.The leaves are astringent, anti-inflammatory anodyne andaphrodisiac, and are useful in pimples, boils, flatulence, colic, worminfestations, inflammations, arthralgia and haemorrhoids. The flowersare astringent, sweet, cooling, constipating, aphrodisiac, haemostatic,diuretic, febrifuge, depurative and tonic. They are useful in vitiatedconditions of pitta and kapha, diarrhoea, haemorrhoids,menorrhagia, strangury fever, leprosy, skin diseases, swellings,hyperdipsia, haemoptysis, arthritis, burning sensalion, bonefractures, and are very efficacious in birth control. The seeds arepurgative, ophthalmic, anthelmintic, rubefacient, depurative andtonic. They are useful in herpes, skin diseases, ringworm,ophthalmopathy, epilepsy, round worm, arthritis, flatulence,constipation and diabetes. The gum known as Bengalkino

314

Butea monosperma

*tffi

ba rk

or Buteakino is astringent, constipating. haemostatic, aphrodisiac,depurative and tonic, and is useful in diarrhoea, haemorrhoids,haemoptysis. haematemesis, diabetes. leprosy, skin diseases, ulcer,pharyngodynia, general debility. hyperacidity, dyspepsia and fever.The ash of the tender branches is useful in abdominal disorders suchas f la tu lence. co l ic . e tc .

'qor{FTrEs, fir<F*(d, Rrf;$i erq, r

TqT{iI Eo(ffgq{q ffiq-+' rr

tfldi Fqot{q qfrEert r

Id, s{ sq1}qr, firfr fs-drq-< c{, rr' (Ffl.fr.)

[" Palariapadapah siddhastridal ah 6i5ire ksayah(rSnavrnto jvaladraktapuspadca tiktabijakahEkabijayata simbi triparnasca samiddhavanGunaih sarve sama jneyah sito vijfranadah parah" (Si.ni.)l

"q15m, Fi{s, cutr qftd {ftrgulc6: Iem*s) qra-ci *6r{er, qfqer rr- (q.c.)

["Palasah kim6ukah parni yajniko raktapuspakahKsara6restho vataharo brahmavrksah samidvarah" (Bha.pra.)l

'fu.q+1 Erd,iprw r<gdjq qft6, I

ffi rftgq{q Tigfs{si?F': rlqmA€, c-oRr{q +€r*6: qFrfl' r" (q.tr.)

["Ki;6uko vatapotha5ca raktapuspoJtha yayfr ikahTriparno raktapuspasca putadrurbrahmavrksakahKsarasresthah pala6a6ca bijasnehah samidvarah" (Dha.ni.)l

"n-dwil ffir qq, qitu?r qurgeck( r

6qq, 6go.km, ftT'Ti 1<uffiq rrqr{s+1rfiffi,5$-1fi-q Id-qq ETgcr+ g +.gid-ft 6qrqo-q rlqnai +qmarry-g@ vfla-ot r{q.ffdvnc-s qrilf+?-5€€{ trq rl

wo oryi M,Tfuqrtr+wrot rffi +g* €qr T6Tdrirc{cT( l- (qT.c.)[" Pala5o dipano vfgyah sarogr,ro vranagu I maj itKasayah ka!ukastiktall snigdho gudajarogajitBhagnasandhanakld dogag rahaqryapafk1min haretTatpuspam svadupake tu katutiktam kasayakamVatalam kaphapittasrakrcchrajidgrAhi Sitalam

3t7

Trddahasamakar.n vataraktakusthaharam param

Phalam laghusnam mehArsahkrmivatakaphapahar.nVipake katukar.n r[ksam kusthagulmodarapranut" (Bha.pra.)]

"qJR*€, Tfrq{q 1ffi frqq,91, ;

@, 11

ffiq5c11fr Tqc qqFtr ugr e u-q r

eioi g s-E{ ftilq"cwi $trelamtse r (q.fr.)

I Ksara5resthah krmighnasca samgrAhi dlpanah saraf.rPlihagulmagrahanyarsovitaslesmavinasanahKimsukasyapi kusumam sugandhi madhuram ca yarBijam tu katukam snigdhamusnam krmivalasajit" (Dha.ni.)l

"qel{l{o€{cf ir-€'rqr-1qgqfun I

ilffdqF{ il6-q 5q qtaEq{( rl

il{dEi Ffuiquifu +.ro-er wr+i tea, r" tdt.fr.l[" Palasamulasvaraso netracchAyandhyapuspajitTadraktamapi tadvacca puspam bakulapuspavatTadbijam krmividhvamsi kando rasayane hitah" (So.ni.)l

"coT{t{g sqrdtuli Tfrffi+rys, I

a-Efi-q qrrfiu-q|a-<5la'<}q-{Rr5q rr

ae gw q alsi q so-qterffi-{r{r+{ r

1q6, fr6, fis-fr +o, WtK fqsrcqA u

f#q1*,jqqEijft fis-& fq-{rr(, qa, r" (r.fr.)

["Palasastu kasayosnah krmidosavinasanahTad bijam pamakandtlti dad rutvagdcisanasakrtTasya pugpam ca sosnam ca kanoukustharttinasanamRaktah pitah sito nilah kusumaistu vibhajyateKimsukairgunasamyelpi sito vijfranadah smrtah" (Ra.ni.)j

[drflEe{ftd-qf, furdsir q}q4, 6-9' 1

1{{, {FrrFFT( gei} q}tiqeurffi-{ rrq€!frrJq.{'J(sT1il{6q €g laeirfit r

{-{(|Eqqfun'rq-{5s-€( q-orrs s rl

sqrzi 6-{dF cr+ qrfldi qR Vfraat r

Fq{ ffi s.g+ oryr 6qqrdfu-q rl

v€Tiffi,5fuqo3q rfuqsrs F+ra g TfuqTila{.rq rr" (d.fq.l["PalaSastuvarastiktah snigdhosno dipanah katuhSaral-r sandhanakrd vrsyo jayeddosavfa4akrmln

Grahanigulmag udayan tatpuspam svAd u ti ktakar.nTrddahakaphapittaslakusJhahrt phalamasya caKasayar.n katukam pake vatalam grahi Sitalam

3 1 8

Rlksary vipake katukam laghusnar.n kaphavatajitKuslhagulmodaraplihameharsahkrm is[ | anutKi m5ukasya praval ar.n tu krm ivataharam param " (Kai. n i.)l

'35or: qor{rqqi qEil *km-{, sr Ifuft, furt} qr66-{.1 ql:Rr;ttFF6ftqi: 1qurtq,qTfcd6Riq6u.{{i'qkr6r r6s dfr5d frii cmtFfd s+ffi-il{ rrgqislsq rmqtr{qqi+dfir' rgwft e6 ffi swrrfr E+rrfu q rqrddrh rn€firFr qfl-rdrq{qlh q 11gvm*t*q rwc'r'i q teo1 |1rf,q qeqA q-o se{ og qdt llswi v og+ qtd q.qqdr{-td-{ r

ts5-iqcM,qumr +s qT$s( rlq-6dii q fu'd&i +.-g Ffrsq.r{qt-( r

{dfl, qc,ctqr{qR4 $Tqnt-+W+t il (fr.{.)

["Uqnah palasastuvaro vrsyo dlptikarah sarahTiktah snigdho grahakasca bhagnasandhanakarakahVranagulmakrmiplihasanrg rahanyarsahvatahaKapham yonirujam pittam na5ayediti kirttitamPuspabhedadayam raktapitasubhrakanllakahPuspani svadu tiktani usnani tuvarani caVatalani grahakani 6TtalanylsanAni caTrgadahapittakaphad raktadosam ca kusthakamMutrakrcchrar.n ghatayanti phalam ruksam laghu smrtamUSnam ca katukam pake kaphavatodar:akrminKusthagulmaprameharsall5ulanam caiva nasakamPhalabilam ca snigdhosnam katu krmikaphan jayetNutanah pallavaricasya kfmivatavina6akah" (Ni.ra.)l

3 1 9

Coll. No. AVS 1739

Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb.(C. cristata Linn.)(-aesalprnraceae : (+uc+lch{ {' 't-3C,1rl

EngH i nKanlvlalSan

TamTel

Fever nut, Bonduc nutKant kare j, Kant i karan ja torr+ts, 6lk+rqqll

Galikekdyi (rleadc)Kalaici (6,edraj])Latakaraijah, Kuberaksj, Kantakikaraniah(e?r6.{q:, $*it, "rr++rql

IKa! iccikkai (slpd0ris.rur)Gaccakaya ()'"J's-oa)

Distribution: Throughout India.in the plains on waste lands and coastalAICAS

The planl: A large straggling,ver-v thorny shrub, branches armed with

hooks and straight hard yellow prickles; leaves bipinnate, large,

stipules foliaceous. pinnae 7 pairs, Ieaflets 3-8 pairs with 1-2 small

recurved prickles between them on the underside; flowers yellow, in

dense long peduncled supra-axillary racemes at the top; fruits

inflated pods. covered with wiry prickles. seeds l-2 per pod' oblong

or globular. hard, grey with a smooth shiny surface'

Parts used: root bark. leaves' seeds

Properties and uses: Thc root bark is emmenagogue. fcbrituge'

expectorant. anthelmintic and stomachic. It is useful in amenorrhoea'

dyimenorrhoea. fevers. cough, asthma. inteslinal worms. colic.

flatulence and d-vspepsia. The leaves are anlhclmintic. cmmenagogue

and Iebrifuge, and are useful in elcphantiasis. intestinal worms'

splcnomegaly. hcpatomcgal-Y, amenorrhoea' dvsmenorrhoea' fevers

and pharvngodrnia. Thc stcdr are h i t lc r . ast r ingent . acr td.thermogcnic. anodyne. anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic. digestive,

stomachic, liver tonic. depurativc' expectorant, contraceptrve'antipyrctic. aphrodisiac and tonic They are useful in vitiated

conditions of rridoJ0, arthralgia. inflammations, hydrocele' cough,

asthma, leucoderma. leprosy, skin diseases. dyspepsia. dysentery,

colic. haemorrhoids. intestinal worms. hepatopathy' splcnopathy.

diabetes and intermittent fevers.

320

o'0-q+_@t.s. of seed

7 m m

Hstamens

Caesalpinia bonduc

ll 5, -,:/l/ r - r W l \ i i

' -' seoa l s , , 1 ' r , / |

,W:"5o.d f 'f lower pist i l

l2r

sdfuffs, IEFd-qr {-4tfftr Ega Ffififfi ti (t{r+<Ts,)

["Kantakaranjaje vallikantedhya sarvatiktakahDvilribija sarvatikta triputa krminasini' (Sivadasah)l

'i{ffi {*{t T** t1-flti

r q iTfisft fqvreq+r +ra{ifr rr" (:l q )

[" Nrrdrsyate kubera kuberanCtd kuran€aksiPetha ca dhenukaksi visalyaka kalavmteti" (A.ma.)l

"oamqdt g.q{il fut qs*r*, rIIr{RT: 6r4FO: SirRTfq gqltTr I' ({r.li.)

["Latakaraijo duhsparso virasyo vajravirakahDhanadakgah kantaphalah kubereksa6ca saptadha' (Ra.ni.)l

o?T6{qg{;i g r{ei sqqrfrflrEdsi {w v*i qq1ereurc1 ri (r.fr.)

["Latakarafr iapat!'ar.n tu kaltsnar.n kaphavatanutTadbijam dipanam pathyam 6Ulagulmavyathapaham " (Ra ni.)l

-so,2-Tft: 6{qqq m* I 5at, +31, L

Th-sirae'+4, stft-*a, irmrq i-eo tt

wnl|{g|4rd|i1 f*{ rrrrq, c{ |gw ffi4 srfu qnqwqr( rr trn.ic.)["Kanlayuktah karanjastu pake ca tuvarah katuhGrahaka5cosnaviryah syattiktah proktasca mehahaKustharsdvranavatanam krminam nasanah parahPuspam cognaviryam syattiktam vetakaphapaham' (Sa.ni )l

"qArrefr qfl(ffi qurM i (*.i{.)

[" Kuberaksi yakrtplihavataghni vranaropani " (So.ni.)]

-nrrrtrl {qsrt ql.rffr *sqr s\ t

+orqFm{ilsrvi,{oRardq-f+{ t i f d.f{. I["Tiragandhi satuvare satikta sosana jayetValasapitta6opharsahsuladhmanavranakrmin" (Kai ni.)l

'fdFfirFdffi Ttrt€cft-a( r" (q.cr.li.)

["Tirigicchirvalasafsahkrmikuslhapramehahd" (Ma.pa.ni.)]

"6,edollos a,;o;rm;"dem. udag"do^oim. 6,JolmcuDm.

orccotm)uolpr3.jooo. 6,yolol](m). ol5mo romc" ((t).djc.)

['Ka]afr cite kurunnugrnm 5legmaghnam krminaSanamVatantrasalapaharam kuruvinnum gunam tatha" (Gu.pa.)l

322

Caesalpinia sappan Linn.Caesa lpi niaceae (suzqi-srF-Toq)

tno :H r n

, K a n :MalSan

TamTel

Coll. No. AVS 1714

Sappan wooO, Brazit wooO

Patarng, Bakam ({drl, {6)

Sappange (xdpIi)

Cappannam, Sappannam ('J.$66rrq o!d6Bn")

Patrangah, Patangah, Pattaraniakah(qTq'l' trirq4:, qt{{m6')

Sappangu, Patanpam (+uurirr5, ugr6isrb)

Bakarucakka (2r55-)i:;)

Disiribulion: Cultivatcd in south lndia and BengalThe plant A small thorny tree,6-9 m in height and 15-25 cm in diameter

with a few prickly branches: leaves compound. with 8-12 pairs ol

oblong leaflets and small prickles' lcaflets vary. inequilatcral and

rounded at the apex: flowers yellow in terminal and axillary panicles:

stamens waxy-white, filaments densely woolly at the base. fruit\

woody pods. subcompressed with a hard recurved shofi beak. seeds

3 4. The heartwood which is used in medicinc is light yellow when

freshly cut. but it quickly changcs to red. The colour diffuses out

easily in ho1 water. In about 7 l0 hours the extract becomes deep

orange in colour.Parts used: heartwoodProp€rties and uses: The heartwood is bittcr. astringcnl. swcet, acnd.

refrigerant, vulnerary, depurative. corrstipating. scdative andhaemostalic. It is useful in vitratcd conditions ol 2ttrc burningsensation, wounds. ulccrs. leprosy, skin diseases. diarrhoea.dysentery. cpilepsy, convulsions. menorrhagia' leucorrhoea. diabetes.haemoptl'sis. hacmorrhages. stomatopathy and odontopathy'

"rec-*rr rgd €<i .r.rt q c{q41 I6ftTd R atr+rEi grr;E-6 qrrq{rrrfufr li (3r.c.)

["Pataranjanam caturtham kucadanam pattaram ca pattangam

Kathitam hi raktakastham kugandhakam penduragamiti" (A ma.)l

"E;q<i q"qr q rfffid q{gr6q rciTqi rEnrr q cE .rs6hc s tt (q.f{.)

.lt3

Caesalpinia saPPan

one leaf and inf lorescence

ffi@

324

[ 'Kucandanar.n patangam ca raktakastham surangakar.nPatrangam pattaragam ca pattarafriakameva ca" (Dha.ni.)l

"qirE t aff€n a gCqrr lsqj dP5 I

Tc{{f,scrcq? q{ q Tq<Tl 11 (qt.g.)

["Patangam raktasaram ca surangam rarijanam tathePatararijakamakhyetam dhatturam ca kucadanam' (Bha.pra.)l

"rirqi +q q"q'r rwfiei gt RR t

sdrqq qt{Fi q qFliqqI{q .ffs' rl

drft" .E"r6tqj q {r4qiqi Eq<qcE-{:.ff{4 +4 qcgrt a !-g{fl 11 1{.Pq;

["Pattangam caiva patrangam raktaka$am surangadamPatredhyam pattaragam ca bharyavrksasca rat(takahLohitam rangakast ham ca ragakaslhar.n kucadanamPattarafrjanakam caiva surangam ca caturda6a' Fa.ni.)l

'sf,qq q$ rfrii tmrdqg"nff& r

Ffi{+rq}ri futqr( crd'{rrc( ti (r{r.c.)

I"Patangam madhurar.n Sitam pittasl€smavfanasfanutHaricandanavadvedyam viSesal dahanasanafn' (Bha.pra.)l

"q{'q{k-tr6 vfi-A seirjdr qg{, sg, ,

aur{k6i qvq! ffqsidfrn6{ 1sqrsErffiz{;rfqalrr1 q}(

+wwMqXrmqnsRq, ri (i{.r.)

["Patrangastiktakah sito raksolmlo madhurah katuhVranasuddhikaro vaf nyah sugadh irvatapittahr-tUnmadajvaravisphotam0lrakrcchravranan jayetKaphasmariraktadosabhatabedhanivaranah" (Ni.ra.)l

eGnTs-{q {frd {dqai 4ftfun-d( r

6-{<{ A frft Fqr( S'rfu qvriqvr\ ti f q.t{.1

{"Svadupakarasam Sitam slesmala(n netipittalamKucandanam tu tiktam syat sugandhi v!'anaropanam" (Dha.ni.)l

'qi'gi f{+ eera'6i sfi-d f iEq6t I

qraFrr-q{Ei s k$rirqETfd( I" ({.i{.)

["Patrangam kalukam ruksamamlam Sitam tu gaulyakamVetapittaivaraghnam ca visphotonmadabhutahrt" (Ra.ni.)l

JZ)

Coll. No. AVS 1342

Cajanus caian (Linn.\ MillsP.(C. indicus Spreng. )Fabaceae : ( 3{c{fsfl-$tq)

TamTel

EngHinKanMalSan

Red gram, Pigeon Pea, Congo PeaTuvar ((fl)Togari (g,odo)Tuvara, Tuvarapparippu (6tlcuo, roloogold)

Adhaki, Tuvari (3iT-661, g-4t)

Tuvarai (Scrcoq)Kandipappu (so6:OJ)

Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe planl: An erect shrub, 1.5-3 m in height with many branches provided

with silky hair; leaves compound, pulvinate, leaflets

oblongJanceolate. entire, densely silky beneath; flowers yellow in

termiial panicles or corymbose racemesl fruits pods, tipped with the

Dersistent lower half of the style, seeds vary in colour from yellow

ind red to brown or black.Prrts [sed: leaves, seedsProperties and uses: The leaves are astringent, sweet. diurelic, laxative'

cooling, anti-inflammatory and anodyne' and are useful

in oraiulcers, odontalgia, gingivitis, strangury and inflammations

The seeds are astringent' acrid, sweet, cooling, anthelmintic'

resolvent, pectoral, constipating, alexeteric, febrifuge and

expectorant. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta, intestinal

worms. oral ulcers. tumours, bronchitis,.cough, vomiting.

haemorrhoids. fever and cardiac diseases.The leaves and seeds when applied as a pouhice over the breast

may induce lactation.

""r6*f ed ir<r lsdtrs+ eFc-{' t

lgv, ar* ifa <fq vffr qt' ri t:l.e.1

l"Adnaxi tuvari prokta nrtyatkondaka uccitah

Rebhujah karabhi ceti dafdustu pathito budhaih (A ma )l

"3rrd6i q+A qtq 6r€Tdr tddFFI I

5-o?Qn{{rrl iqr:srrqsrtfqorcfl' rf (*f{ )

326

Cajanus cajan

calyx

k P1"->i/

<-"\)'!=./ \;/

327

["Adhaki tuvari catha kalavrnta kulatthakaKulatthaScakraka jneyastamravamascalapahah" (Kai.ni.)l

'"-*i Cd qfr qr +ftr {torgfufir r- (cr.c.)

l"Adhaki tuvari capi sa prokta sanapuspika" (Bha.pra.)]

""-"1 Cd qqi 6{+{1cr a?rl I

Trd-qr +dgqr +ar r*rjro-n Ern ri (q.f{., {r.fr.)

{"Adhaki tuvari varya karavirabhuja tathaVrttabija pitapuspa 6veta raktajsita tridhe" (Dha.ni.,Ra.ni.)l

-.n6-* {qr ser egr rfl-can og, r

Trffi sms{n evqi firffiq'rsR-( ri (qr.c.l

["Adhaki tuvara rtksa madhure sitala laghuhGrahini vatajanani vamya pittakaphasrajit" (Bhe.pra.)l

"qr661 qg{r i+-qF{6rrdr q oqFFFr I

5fi e-an ufofr q Fsfl ssqi s {i-ral ri+qfirfq{frsr€5zqeqqrq( r

Ct*r gcg<r v ama rrq.rtnnn d{, +++<sqFr€r Ig-4fr crfcdl qiqr |+qfu6m6'{ {dr rl

TtulMr TdTftr Fitv.6r ri (tr.{.)

["AdhakT madhure kiicidvatale ca kasayakaGuryi rucya grdhi4i ca rtksa vamya ca sitalaKaphapittaivaravisaraktaruggulmavatanutAr6onasakara prokta ghrtayukta ca vatahaKaphapittahara lepaih sekairmedakaphapahaTuvari delika pathye ki6cidvatakara mateKrmitridosasamani gh!'tayukta tridos-aha" (Ni.ra.)l

g-+fl de{ sc{ qg{ {flTar og, Iqrffi erddr qrql 6sFrnBqtq6, rrfriqvrqi qui ffud qzdqal r (*.tc.)

["Tuvari tuvare r0k9a madhura Sitala laghuhGrahini vatala vamya kaphapittavisapahahTridoga6amanaf pathyam krmighnam cadhakidalam" (Kai.ni.)l

"ore+1 qsfrtd irqkqrcrdlri I6srqr Eg irlr0 e3m+t inqr og, rllq,vffiS fco dffi, i rq.h.t

["Adhaki kaphapittaghni kincimarutakopaniKasaya svadu sangrahi katupake hima laghuhlvl€dahsl€smasrapittesu hita lepopasekayoh" (Dha.ni.)l

328

'Cd{ft-sqqT q +(,tAqrstrnftrq Iidi--qtEcr+TeTs RGqFrrer?rtrar rl{fr-{ar d-dfrlTrr od Fqn rqiiftdr " (s}.f{.)["Tuvaryatikasaya ca medahsl esmesrapittajitVibandhadhmanakrtsvaduh svadupakalpavetalaSitala baddhavinm0tra laghvi raksa prakirtita" (So.ni.)l':+ra+1

1 +vro a agn +cffi*q riq erc+l €qr fu{ar I€ ltLfir tlm a dm ivu* g rctnuqr qcqr fimaffi 14 r{r vqrq W ft-r-<nraqr E--{d-qrdq+qqq-ffq I 1' 1{r.F. ;

["Adhaki tu kasaya ca madhura kaphapittajitIsad vatakara rucya vidala guru grehikaSa ca sveta dosadhatri tu raktarucya balye pift atapedihantriSa Syama ceddipani pittadaha-dhvanEa balyancadhakiyasamuktam" (Fa.ni.)l

(d)Jorcoos o]5rD. Loc.rit 6,.tucoo@:oo o(ruo

(snotl@caolor6)6rDlorolgg) o)olorc6,co)lol6rre(ol

<crdro,lolco. adn. "jroolo

gtoceialcuo] o.rlmcsoccolru;.(d)lorcoos dolcloaao co]5rDo ojc(d)aooo o-joo

.6)lmr1Ld.o'l(olfirl (,lcoo torcoono crodaooccrdodl

d,cm)oomcBlo)co)lgg BdrdorfdBuao€ocodo mcrr'lrd)) ((')l.dtc.)I"Tuvarete gunam grahi kasayamadhuram rasamAtryayrttanuttull u guruvakayumuntat-Atisaram kapham pittam jvarafrcasu vina6ayet.Tuvarate parippinfe gunam vataharam paramTunipratitani gulmam prameham Sarkkara6mariKasamennediyayulla dandannal kkokke nann jtu" (Gu.pa.)l

Remrrks: The authors of Abhidhanamanjari ' and'Bhavapraka$m, have notl isted different varieties of ddhaki. 'Dhanvanrarinighantu,, ,Rajanighantu

and the Kerala works Osadhinighantu' and'AyurvedaiiSvako6am' havedescribed three different varieties of this plant according to the colour of theseeds. namely, white, red or black. The author of'Saligramanighantubhusanarnhowever. has differentiated four varieties of this plant viz. yellow, whire.red and black according to the colour of the seeds.

The variety commonly used in Kerala is the one with yellow seeds.

329

Coll. No. AVS 2157

Calamus rctang Linn.Arecaceae : (W-tio{)

Dist bution: Central and south India in dry tracts in areas upto 450 melevation

The plant: A scandent slender shrub with cylindrical unilormly thickycllowish white stems armed with short flat spines on leaf sheaths.leaf sheaths glabrous. hollowed below, ochrea short. truncate,margined with small straight or recurved spines having laterallycompressed bases, rachis near the base flat and smooth above.channelled at the sides to receive the leaflets, trigonous upwards.armed below along the middle, leaflets verv numerous, equidistant.l-ribbed. the rib bearing scattered bristlesl flowcrs unisexual. malespadix very long. flagelliferous. spathes elongate tubular, femalellowers scattered akrng the slender branches of the spadix: fruitsseated on the minute perianth. subglobose. mucronate. scales many,pale yellow in vertical series

Parts used: whole plantProperlies and uses: The roots are astringent. acrid. bilter. cooling.

expectorant. alexeteric. antidyscnteric. hypotensive. depurative. anti-inflammatory. diuretic. febrifuge and tonic. They are useful irvitiated conditions of pilla. burning sensation. hypcrdipsia. cough.bronchitis. dysentery'. leprosv. skin diseases. erysipelas.inflammations. strangur),, vesical calculi. chronic fever and gcneraldebility.'fhe leaves ate acrid. bitter. cooling, astringent and laxatir,e.and are useful in vitiated conditions ofpil/c, skin diseases. Ieprosyand pruritus. The seeds are astringent. acrid. sour. depurative andexpectorant, and are useful in vitiatcd conditions of knpfta, cough.skin diseases and pruritus. The sprouts are acrid, sweet andthcrmogenic. and are uselul in vitiated conditions of vata and kupha.

330

Eng

H i nKan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

Common rattan, Rattan

Bet, Bernt (*d, ;ia)

Betasu (2.3!.x))

Ctral (dlo(dE)

Vatrah (+d,)Pirarhpu (r5qlbll)Jatay0rkuli (aoo::--::;i )

tCalamus

b#male f lower

female f lower

331

-+i &il .ilfi'Ko-s, g{rir tsT+s, i ({.fr.) ["Pir

l"Vetro veto yogidandah sudando mrduparvakah" (Fia.ni.) Vire,vet€'ieqffit iirrvrrffi +f,s, qd, r'(+.t{.)

["lksvaliko roma6arastejano velfakah smrtah' (Kai.ni.)]

"{fti ffi 6gs Tfrqi,r*i og ntt fir€k futr{ Iirt +ami q 6tft drn

@ r@iertr rraT6q sj E,q r?itqic-flqssRqrTnqrai TF

prti anai qF" <iqr\ r" (dh.)

[ 'Sitam vipake katukam krmrghnamtiktam laghu grahi nihanti pittam

Meham valasam ca karoti vatamvetragramuktam rucikrdvisesatVetrakasya phalam drgghnam slesmamehakrmipranutKsarosrtamlar.n guru snigdham vatalam cagnidipanam" (Kai.ni.)l

.+rr< A*, {fl-d, itrfr, Fg ssrr6, I

n fun q qrtrq ,iqnijivcf'flq"'-RMiasd rei dFRl i {qr q+( |Ttr+i q"i +€ rfrftTsq Ei€6r( trf i A ilrrd-qr5;tr u,rit -9, r1a, ,6(EI: 66II6ET: qoi i-<+i qdt tt

E* eg{flaqq ffi +3l q <lda( t{tr?Fi 6q fri rrrr}ffi 41ft-d( rl+*+d< E4{ erffii serfun-6( I.ffnq sr-*+q {rvr}kfr +lffidl ri (fi.i.)I"Vetrastu tuvarah sitah tiktah katu kaphapahahValam pittam ca daham ca sophar6o]6marikrcchrakanVisarpatisaram raktam yonirogam tfgar.n jayet

Raktadosam vranam meham raktapittanca kusihakamVisam vai ne6ayatyevamkurah ksaro laghuh smrtahKattsnah kapahvataghnah pamam bhedakaram matamTuvaram laghuSitafrca tiktam katu ca vatalamRaktadosam kapham pittam nasayediti kirttilamVetrabijantu tuvaram svadvamlam ruksapaittalamRaktadosam kaphaicaiva nasayediti k]rtitam" (Ni.ra.)l

'"J]o.DjloEloer6,Clggl ol6'eor6,aolD]5rBi6i

ol'lcodcD6,o. ole{o 6,}D'lcac.sjooo. oroo

ojc(o(6ro"l6(r} orol6rdils]" 4,"-o^r'loroojlmc(0m. ((,)]. dic.)

132

[" Pirampintala kacullu ruksamakayumuntatuVirecanakaram rucyam knnidosaharam paramVetattine varuttitum kaphapittavinasanar.n" (Gu.pa)l

JJ.'

C al I icarpa m a crop hy I I a Y ahlVerbenaceae : (t+N-toq)

Hin

Kan

TamTel

Mal

San

PriyanEu, Daiya fF.i1 <ratl

Priyangu (do:oor$)

Nalal (flT)caoE)

Priyangu, Phalini (fi.{q, lFffi)

Nalal (Dnp6o)

Priyangu (3cbcr.r)

Distribulion : Bengal, Assam and sub-Himalayan tracts upto 1,800m

elevationThe plant: An erect shrub, 1.2-2.4m in height with branches having

tomentose tips; leaves simple, opposite. ovate or ovate-lanceolate.

acuminate. base cuneate or rounded' white tomentose beneath' main

lateral nerves 12-16 pairs: flowers rose-coloured. crowded in axillarv

peduncled globose cymes; fruits white drupesPsrts used': flowels, fruitsProperties and uses: The flowers and fruits are bitter, sweet, astnngent,

acrid. cooling, anodyne. deodorant, digestive, constipating'depurativc, styptic, alexeteric and febrifuge. They are useful in

vitiated conditions of pixa and vata, rheumatoid arthritis. burning

sensation, cephalalgia. diaphoresis, foul ulcers' dyspepsia' flatulence,

colic, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhages' haemoptysis. poisonous

bites, skin diseases. diabetcs, vomiting, fevcr and general weakness

The leaves are useful in gout and arthralgia

- f iq-q ' i f f iqcH+'qt i&qt

Tnr rir<* tlrltr 6iqr dqifufi tl+fr gwl!!il q qf+m atFqeq tE iE-ot rom."n {,ERqt ']'triFrqr il

Fqr.{riqwqr .ifqr ri-cq'irql='-iq1 Idror Frfi€q -l -dqt 'i+iq;.tl rTdl ll

f..E*q+d ( r{m r.oft '.rlf*sqr r' rri.ic )

["Priyangau priyav:,:; ca pFalini LanE,rrr'i pnyaVfta gocandani 6y'a.na karambha vrarralrhedini

6

cl

o6EooIEI

oo

F;.'-=

--\ !

\-J_-"r;

33.s

Gauri puskaraparni ca vanita nerivallabheSvayambale balevalli ksudrakhya pusyasobhanaPriyangavallabha prokta pitasarsapasannibhaKola girisvara sveta tatha gandhaphala smftaVisvaksena tu samvrta vallari vratatistatha" (So ni.)l

"FTffi ezrq rqlfit q dq36l sfdr

!r{rn tqTqr eft{r {q[{ddr }ler6r qi6i tt

firs{d ddr fu qc+rfr gqrR-*rri6q$ aqgiit 6r{n6sr rqTc5fu6r ll (3r.c.)

['Nrrdrsyate priyanguh \angurgaur; ca kanguka kantaSubhaga syama vanita syamalata pleksika phalini

Siddhavalli lata saiva varanari kumariKaGovandani vadhusceti kasahva syamapuspike" (A ma )l

"fiTq, qffi 6t<rT dflI s qfta;rflql I'|<- rnrwd yqrcr ffi{rjEir{foql r'- rqls r

['Priyanguh phalini kanta lata ca mahilahvayaGundra gandhaphali 5yama visvaksenalnganapriya' (Bha.pra.)l

"fiTEl, sfi-{dr iffdr q.aflFrokr.a( |

rqrftrql{{frfaa€}{a|6q{rq{r tt

Tiqlgf?rqM'nr(IFqfi!-qlffir I

reo eq rw sqFj {fl-fa x5 rlfu€ftnTacdf( {E{fr ssfiniq-(

- (qr.s.)

[" Priyanguh sitala tikta tuvaranilapittahrtRaktetisaradaurgand hyasvedadahajvarapahaGulmatrdvisamehaghni tadvadgandhapriyangukaTatphalam madhuram rak9ar.n ka9eyam sitalam guru

Vibandhadhmanabalak!'t sangrahi kaphapittajit" (Bha.pra.)l

"ErE-r {fr-{ar ia-+tr ffi tqr+Frtn rmgtr+a a c€r<+( ti fq.fr.l[" Priya;guh sitala tikta mohadahavina5iniJvaravantihara raktamudriktam ca prasadayet" (Dha.ni )l

''Fqtr{qjR<q{kRil Tryq {fl-fd,

4qq] qrk3nk{rdfudr{{r;seln tt-qrinegqgrqGft-.qs'

& t?rilF1 i.rs !i r|{ it,1 i?{rql ld. Iq6f5g -argnifit i'iis-J.+z -'fiq;qq;t r

q.-i -{Tt{d r:qi:iqr. rjl{4;1T, t)

qor.;r-.b-{ {ei ,ttrz;; ++zlar;rri

:+reqrrslrrgie cftir, cFdf-1q it tF.{.)

.136

["Gandhapriyangustuvarastikto vrsyaSca sitalahKeSyo vantibhrantidahapittaraktarujastatha

Jvaramohasvedakus-thamukhajadyatrsa haret

Vetagulmam visam meham m€dam caiva vinasayetRaktapittam nasayati bijamasya kasayakam

Madhuram sitalam ruksam luvaram grahakam guru

Malastambhakaram balyam pittaghnam kaphana5anamAdhmenakarakancaiva munrbhih parik:rtt itam' {Nt.ra.)l

".ft{TE!fr ri-n g'F.n Fmrrsri rqr{it'c*ffi qq fiTq 1airrrfu( rr- (q.f{.)

{"RaktasanErahani sita sugandha pittanasaniVasyopayogin'i vrsya priyangr.r guhyarogajit' (Ma.ni.)l

'erq1 {fr-{-d6t fa-an asfl-qrritwfr( r

qfurkqc{tr q€qqqffi 11" 1n.fr ;["Priyangu Sitala tikta dahapittasradosajitVentibhrantijvarahara vaktrajadyavinasani " (Ra.ni.)l

"vfcfi 66-r ft-fi Sq{rF@firn€r. r*ricffinitqdcqrcGq{qttl

TirrfqfrldF'Ei aiq r'-qfrqqTstrmei egi sei 6sFi sfl-dai C6A'q'menqogt r+qn *qtmk( rr" r*.fi.)["Phalini 6itala tikta tuvaranilapttahaRaktatiyogadaurgand hyasvadadahajvarapahaGulmatrdvisamohaghni tadvad gandhapnyangukaTatphalam madhuram r0ksam kasayam sitalam guruVibandhadhmenabalakrt sanErahi kaphapittajit ' (Kai.ni.)l

"eTq {fr-fdr qrFr<rctrrqrrsfu-(:rr+4--cq-{irr$ | r" (q.cr.fr .)

["Priyanguh ditala vantidehapittajvarasrajitSukhakentiprajanani gatradaurgandhyane6ini" (Ma.pe.ni.)l

Remarks: ln the Commentarv on Bhavapraka(anighantu and Indian Medicinal

Plants prirarigLr has been given the botanical name A81,r ia odoratissinlu l l l .

But in the Ayurvedic Formular_y of India . Commentaries on'Kaiyadevanighantu

and'Dhanvantarinighantu . Glossarv of Vegetabie

Drugs in Brhattrayi and Drav)-agunavi jnan'. this has been identi f ied as

Cal I icarpa nracrop hv a Yahl.

In Kerala what is sold in the markct as prly.rr i{ i / is the dried nralc l loNcrol tr lrr i t t tctr l rugrout ( i !1rh :o). I 'his cannol hc tust i l icd.

t l7

Coll. No. AVS 2445

C a I op hy I I u m inop hy I lum Linn.Clusiaceae ' (il1-.6-s{ -toq)

Distribution: East and west coasts, along river banks in certain localitiesThe plant: A medium sized evergreen glabrous tree, 15-18m in height

with brownish black bark having irregular fissures; leaves simple,opposite, 5-7.5cm broad, broadly elliptic, rounded at the apex oremarginate with very close numerous parallel nerves at right angleswith the mid-rib; flowers pure white, fragrant, in lax few-floweredracemes, stamens many, filaments united into'f{ bundles; fruitsglobose, smooth, yellowish drupes, pulp scantyl seeds ovoid.

Parts used : bark, leaves, seedsProperties snd uses: The bark is astringent, sweet, cooling, anodyne,

vulnerary, diuretic, emollient, emetic, purgative, resolvant anddemufcent. It is usetul in viriated conditions of pitta and vata .wounds, st(angury, skin diseases, pruritus, ophthalmitis, internalhaemorrhages, orchitis and for improving the complexion. Theleaves are useful in migraine, vertigo and ophthalmia. The seed oil isanodyne. diuretic and demulcent, and is useful in vitiated conditionsof vcta, gout, intramuscular pain in leprosy, gonorrhoea. skindiseases, scabies and strangury.

"5_{n 56q<lqrr Sqrqr: q1g*4lE: Iqrzd ffTor q Vrrfl Gq{, Eq, rf (q.fr.)

l" Punnagah purusastungah punnami patalicchadahPatali dirghamula ca sugandhi khacarah priyah" (Ma.ni.)l

'sqm, 5€sqq'l: Sqrcr cr.o' gqr{ ll

33rl

EngHin

KanMalSanTamTel

Alexandrian laurelSultan campa, Suftane campak(gdrr riql, gwr* tiv*l

Uma (crdra)Punna (dl(m)Punnagah (5:1FI')Punnai, Punnagam (qewcocor, qcurccrs6)Ponnavittulu (*,srre!er)

Calophyllum inophyllum

v.s. of fruit

bunch of truits

.figEdl .c€lgr5lld'li T4q{q: I" ({rt{.) _

I"Punnagah purusastungah punnama patalah pumanRakatapusp6 raktarenurarunoiyam navahvayah" (Ra.ni.)]

':{qh, g.;{rq er!+d i+qw$ fugqt

q-*ftrsr {'Ffi, +4r@ ffiw iFF{ r (q.c.)

[ 'Punarnagah punnama campeyo devallabho vrbudhaSurakamika surabhikah pitakhyah pitakesarah proktah" (A.ma.)l

"5-r'r, 56cq-{il fugril t*<err,

5_{rqT cladgq-+{ril rff+s{ rlcr{d+ {6t?r.r' *vrq, qr&qq, r€{sc, g{q!tr {qr( gr'?r, q{s<tetq, ll' (+ fi.)[' Punnagah purusastungo vibudho devavallabhahPunnnama patalipuspakesaro raktakesarahPam6umago mahanegah ke6avah patalTcchadahKaicanah suraparni sy5t sugandhah satpadalayah" (Kai.nr.)l

"s_{Fl frrRR fiffit eg,Ml6s{ rfa6ft q-61ffiqs{un{ 11" 1q.fi ;[ ' Punnagah disrrah pittahari caksuhdirorujamNihantt pakvetiseramarocakavisavranan " (Ma.nt.)j

-5qFi qtl{, {fr-ir g'rfu frilT{f( ri{cqrrffqit r<trc{rftftnfu( rlqs ftii Tr+n qRatfd +lfi-d( |

5w Et{ <rdsloosdlqqqqRo( 11' 19.1.1[" Punnago madhurah sito sugandhih pittana5akrtDevaprasadajanako raktarukraktapittajitKapham pittam bhttabedhem na6ayediti kirttitamPuspam vrsyam vatastlakaphadosanjayatyalam" (Ni.ra.)l

'fqrfi qqr, rfid gqfu ftffirvq( r!{]ffiq ffi Tsrfi, ({.fi.)

[" Punnago madhurah sitah sugandhih pittana5akrtBhutavidravanascaiva devatanam prasadanah' (Re.ni.)l

-yrr4Erfl qfl-+ €q futr{qrsrr( r td.li.)I" Punnagastuvarah 6itd svadu pinakaphasra,it' {Kai. ni.)l

'g-qpn qE rftirr.fifurffrqE, i (q.q.h.t

['Punnago madhurah dito raktapittakaphepahah' (N4a.pa.nr.)]

.1t0

Coll. No. AVS 2121

Calotropis Sigantea (Linn.) R.Br., - - J - \

Asclepladaccae : ( t l$-Tc'?,ti

Eng

Hin

Kan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

: Gigantic swallow wort, Mudar

: Madar ({{R)

: EkkamCli (.)d;dro)

: Erukku ("oolad): Arkah (erS,)

: Erukku (.tb.itg)

: JillCdu (dg-t

Distribulion : Throughout lndia,in dry waste places

The plsnt: A large hird much-branched milky shrub' very pale in colour'

the branchJs. leaves and inflorescence covered with loose soft white

wool; leaves opposite' subsessile' ovate, cordate at base: flowers

beautiful li lac, rosy or purple tinted in umbellate lateral cymes; fruits

fleshy follicles. green' seeds with abundant white coma'

Prrls used : whole PlantProperties and uses: The dried whole plant is a good tonic' expectorant'

deDurative and anthelmintic The dried root bark is a substitute for

ipecacuanha. The root bark is febrifuge' anthelmintic' depurative'

expectorant and laxative. and is useful in cutaneous dlseases'

intcsrinalworms. cough. ascites and anasarca Thc po\\'dercd root

promotes gastric secretions and is useful in asthma'-bronchitis and

dyspepsia. The leaves are useful in the treatment ol paralysrs'

aithratgia. swellings and intermittent fevers The flowers are bitter'

digestive. astringent' stomachic, anthelmintic and tonic They are

usiful in utthmi catarrh. anorexia' inflammations and tumours' In

targe dose. i t is purgat ivc and emct ic .

"idd, e+a(ia gd rdtq, ft{6rF56, I

frsfril qls'{, crtfr q"dq, ftr+gqo, rlrrrqq, qffi qr( efum q ffitq,

Whqtq sqgsil rffir.6-€'n I

(dFd, {r4'rdl ffirrq sq|{{q tt*t, s-drqfq firtt+s, t

3.1r

Calotropis gigantea

i42

{gq, lr{firiq, etca-+T Fcfu+r r{qrsf Eg+Jdd q41i1 rru6q6, Isr*drq q-<rgo{t iirF {w{fud, ri t{.F.1["Arkah ksiradalah pucchi pratapah ksirakendakahViksjro bhaskarah ksiri kharjughnah sivapuspakahBhanjanah ksirapami syat savita ca vikiranahSuryahvadca sadapuspd. ravirasphotakastathtTulaphalah aukaphalo virrdatisca samahvayahSuklarkastapanah dvdtah pratapasca sittfkakahSupuspah sankaradih syadatyarko vrttamllikaRajark6 vasukoilalko mandaro ganarupakahKasthilasca sadapuspo ln6yolt1a saptasanrnitah (Ra.ni.)l

:rd, sr<rffi ffiI qr.... aJ+gqrs reifilqrR-dT(9, {sfili gFtrn g+so{q rls w cMrs iagt gfr+ aen t

s+ffifd fq'dq, vrd, qql{flq{q ttq*J6+TJs+1 {red, *dgqd, I

ffi T<rt qqs] lrorstrd, q<tgd rl

ffiq{Fq 9m qge-n frEq{q rlf;necfudr {ol-q rmrqrcd qErq{qfr, sq tt (3t.c.)

["&kai syadasphoto viklrano jarir.....lojrkapuspasca

Ksirinyadityahvah surupini dugdhini 6ukaphalascaSa eva ksiravamadca viksuro dugdhika tathaEkaisiketi viJirAyah dabdarh parydyavacasca,lnyollaftoltyalko rajarkah 6vetapuspakahSv6tdrko mandaro vasukd ganarupikah sadapugpiSivadekharadca vrkso vasuprado dirghapuspascaSivamallika 6uka5ca pratapasakhyo mahapasupatih syat" (A.ma.)l

"3{+tri qi

frfr dqeqrrf ,rd@t tt3rddtTli E"d og *F{qrq-q Ierire-6' rM,6rqqrqf{qrq{ r rrtrdssi qgi qfd-fii

Sqne +sarnqaarvfihri rR q r<fririuft 1ei ,erd itd a-q rrq+{r+s ffiwi frr'd e-c<oi 6g I

tqTidslti iq+aGt++{ ri f qr.y.)

{"Arkadvayam sarao vatakusihakandavigavrananNihanti plihagulmarsahSlesmodarasakftkrminAlarkakusumam vrsJam laghu dipanaoacanam

-34.1

Arocakah prasekardahkasa6vesan ivaranamRaktarkapuspam madhrum satiktamkusthakrmighnam kaphanesanancaArsovisam hanti ca raktapittamsamgrahi gulme Svayathau hitam tatKsjramarkasya tiktosnam snigdham salavanam laghuKusthagulmodaraharam sreslhametadvirecanam (Bha.pra)l

+rcm6{r fd{dr Fk$tsffi I

9r*'|6{r dtew FErqd lAsrc€r rlAqlit ffiI rleail q<n, +rqrd-dr rFfu4rqr ldE-dc d{q} .fi{eq:K ti" (q.fi.)

[" Kaphavatahara trkte krmikustlanivarrniDustavranahara tiksna sadepuspi visapahaTiksno visaghno bhutaghno mandarah kaphavetahaRupikaya gunaistulyah ptihaghno raktagutmanut' (Nia.ni.)l

3[d< dgttorrs

rit5{u6{, 6r{t;eFftfu{rvn, tl*nd, +gfr*itsit {o{hr:Fsrts I{rfqrs{ilrfiffi-{qrisfu{rqi4, trrlrd, +giraiiq Escr+ifEqrrd, Isrdt€qrrR €fr yilFfilqiT{1( rr" ({.fi.)["Arkastu katurusnasca vatajiddipaniyakahSophavranaharah kandukusthakrmivinaSanahSvetarkah kalutiktosno matasodhanakerakahlVutrakrcchrasra6opharttivranadosavinaSanahRajarkah katutiktosnah kaphamedovisapahahVatakuslhavranan hanti SophakandUvisarpanut,, (Ra.ni.)l-3i+q

yq cg{ qF*|i

5€ Thq sqcRnqs rerrcilfti fi e r*friq'rft {i'} v iea vSei I3r-d+trgc qEq og wa{r+1 I3Ti[qsrlsr{i,6'RrqRrfi qdvr( |irdqftt q.dcft k d qI *3:i og IXfuiT SH eft adffifirun{ rrtlgffii-sra] i nr+ dfiFrq, IsMR fil*itwi fu'd wer<"i oqS€,JrCETdr *'sffitq-{( r" (+.ft.)["Arkasya puspam madhuram satiktamkustham krmighnam kaphanasananca

344

Akf

A laAra

G u: -5r€K5Ku'

fi)(

"4)I " EN €

Er

Akhorvigam hanti ca raktaplttam

sarngrahi sophe ca hitam sagulme

Alafkakusumam vrsJam laghu pacanadipanam

Arocakaorasekarsahkasasvasan ibarhanam

Arkakslram snuhiksiram snigdham va katukam laghu

G Jrminam kusthrnem capi tathaivodararoginam

dr€sthametadvir€karthe ye canye dirgharoginah

Ksiramarkasya tiktosnam snigdham salavanam lagnu

KusJhagulmodaraharam 6resf hametadvirecanam" (Kai ni )l

''"oo;ao1ej uooldao]. olc.oc(6Ydt(0)lo 6'o-ocdld)C)lo

nccmg. andepg<roleLcJcei;. dl^lmotrtlm]o]ronDoo'

"Oold6naa"rlooleiol,l.,si. a,5o1e,l"do6lol mcuoc()oi"' ((nl dc)

I Erukkila samippikkum vatatteyuln kaphatt€yum

Nannef{am kama60laykkum dipanattinumuttamam

Erukkinpavelivisam krmikusihanca na5ayet " (Gu pa)l

Remarks : 'Abhidhenamanjari. 'Madanedinighantu' and Dhanvantarinighantu'

mention only two varieties of a;ka, namely. urka ar'd alorka (rdiarka) Bttr'Bhavaplakasar.n after describing two kinds of arka says that there is

anothe; variety called ra&trtlkd and describes its properties separately The

author of 'Rejanighaqtu' also enumerates three kinds of arka viz .c/kd

svaarka, and rajdrk.t and ascribes all of them properties separatel'Y'

However, only two vanertes of afi<a are commonly met with' one with

white flowers (Calo tropis procero) ard the other with lilac' rosy or purple

tinted flowers (C giganlea).ln Ayurvedic texts the white-flowered varieties

called a/drka are said to be of superior quality' though all the commentato$

are of the opinon that either of these can be used with equal effect' as both

have the same Properties.lrrational use of C Sisdnred can cause poisoning This can be treated by

giving one of the following intemally

1. Fresh leaf iuice of Indigofera tinctoria (nllamari)

2. Sugar solutionl. Castor oil1. Diluled leal jurcc ot lamarindus indica rpultmaram t

3.15

Coll. No. AVS 1528

C o Iy cop teri s flori b unda Lam,/--5---5 -.

LOmDIeIaCeae : (€(n<hl-3(,lL,

Distribution: Throughout India in deciduous forests in areas upto 750 melevation, as well as along water courses and in waste lands

The plant: a scandent woody shrub with slender brown streaked dlrrusebranches occasionally twining around supports and storing waterabundantly: leaves simple. oppositc, elliptic or ovate, acute oracuminate. surfaces tomcntose, main nerves 5 8 pairs: flowersycllowish green. apetalous. in fulvous pubesccnt terminal panicles,ovarv l-chambered with pendulous ovules; fruits 5-ribbed. oneseeded. crowned with strongly 3-nerved persistent calyx lobes.

Parts used: leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The leaves are bitter, astringent, laxative,

anthelmintic, depurative, diaphoretic and febrifuge. They are usefulin intestinal worms. colic, leprosy, malarial fever, dysentery, ulcersand vomiting. The fruits are useful in jaundice, ulcers, pruritus andskin diseases.

"{r+fr iiffit qr*sr +qqi re-d-{d r3r.ror s lls{d T6C,(F €r Tq{d (3r.q.)["Susaviti toyavalli pervatya kathyate rajatavaltiAbala ca rajavalti brhallate se brhadvalli (A.ma.)j

'rdrfr'6r Ta{-c?ri iiT{€qF6I& q r

s;r.dd qrfiqd gs-4 {Fcrfr-6r ri t*.fr.)["Palasrke brhadvalli toyavalyaphatipi caKaravalll varivalli susavi sukumarika" (Kai.ni.)l

346

HinKanMalSanTamTel

Kokkarai (+H)

Nlarsadabaguli (dod.dt")r$O)Pullani, Varaval I i (orlfl ccDl, o.roclggJ)Susavi tgud)Minnarkoti (r-6lcmcornriG)snq)

Bandimurududu (ooeJ!6)d)dD)

Calycopteris floribunda

v.s. of flower

w/ : \

Ufruit

341

'TfuF--r{{r frffr qfr* FF{tfurfr Ifif{d q{Frdr ri- (q.fi.)

['Krmiprttahara tikta bhaJdini kaphanadrniPandukuslhavikaraghni karavalli ivarapaha (Ma.ni.)l

-so"i 6r(k qr{ ftd q-(fi rd{

6s 6€ q-qiFi f+{ Fii q rrr+( ri (fi.l.)

["Jalajam kdravellarr syat hktam bhedakaram matamKapham kustham pandurogar.n krmin pittam ca na6ayet" (Ni.ra )l

'+nld q roi TFtFm++ i.d( i(+.fi.)

["Karavellam tu jalajam krmipittakaphe hitam" (Kai.ni.)]

Remarks:'Fwl q fr gFA 6T.fr Yr* 99, +rdsSqk6l t(Krsne tu jirak€ susavi karavi prthvi prthuh kalopakuicika)

In the above quotation from 'Amarakosa sasavi is given as a synonym of

krsnajtraka.It appears that this has Ied many Malayalam commentators to

conclude that .'ll.t4ut is black cumin (Ni8e1lr Jativa Linn ) But the synonym

torav.rlli mentioned in all the above quotations from different authors make

il clear that s!s.tvi cannot be another kind of cumin.

148

Coll. No. AVS 2539

Enq :

Hrn :

Kan :

Mal :

San :

t a m :

Lt"l'

Camellia sinensis (Linn.) O.Kuntze(C.theifera Griff.)Theaceae ; 1a.{Iqqufi -td{)

Tea plantCay (qrq)

T6yaku (grcrr".d,Teyila (c(o',(oter)Sydmapa!'ni, CahA rvqrqqofl. qr<r rTeyilai (Gguflcocu)

Teyaku (dol-s)

Distribulion: Throughout lndia. cultivated at high altitudesThe plant An evergreen shrub or tree.9 15 m in height (60 150 cm in

height owing to pruning in cultivation): leaves simplc, alternate.elliptic-ovate or lanceolate with serratc margins, usually glabrous.leatheryt flowers white, fragrant, solitary or 2 4 together: fruitsdepressed capsules. 3-cornered, 3 seeded.

Parts used: leavesProperties and uses: The leaves are astringent. bitter. thermogenic.

appetiser. digestive. carminative. diuretic. diaphoretic. detergent.resolvent and nervine tonic. They are uscful in hyperdipsia.hemicrania. cardiodynia, ophthalmia. haemorrhoids. inflammations.abdominal disorders, strangury. fever and fatigue.

.qrd g qfufir eF- (trl.tr.)

['Caham tu cavika caha" (St.ni.)]

''vqrqqsfi {qrc-6r q yqrqr qBfusr qdr

ffi qK+1 iq rir6r fi'qitkdr -(8.)

['Sy5maparni syamaka ca sydma dhatr;yika smrteTauvari madaki caiva sitaha prryam6drka" (Sva.)l

"+q{i!ett qq{r enr ffi qr+fi oq, roqfrmQ +q firqffi r"(fl.fr.)["Tiksnosna tuvara caha dipani pacani laghuhKaphapittahari caiva kifr cidvataprakopani" (Sa.ni.)l

149

Camell ia sinensis

350

{qTrlqu[ 6clqlE[ 696r {ral Og: Ii+anqqaqw 6qr Ar{qrqfr |awrRr, eftrArr( F{ffifi rr"(€.)

['Syamaparni xasay6sna katuka mutrala laghuhNidra6ramaklamahara rucya dipanapacaniTrsnahara, catiyogat madamohadikarini" (Sva.)l

3-s 1

Coll. No. AVS 1294

C unav al ia gladiata (Jacq.)DC.(C.ensiformis sezsu Baker, non DC.)

Fabaceae : ( 3{c{G-fl-tR'{)

SanTamTel

Sword bean, Broad bean, Patagonian beanLal kudu su mpal, Kh adsampa | (orqtE;gqro, €-s{rqo )Tumbekonti, Sembi, Avare (srcddJoo$. ioa erdd)

Valvara, Valpayar, Valamara (cucgolo, olcuiloxE, olcgoo;

Asi5imbi, Maha6imbi f erfuFsrd, {dffil6egapputarirpattai (Gaouqgrbunrcor)Tamma, Karocikadu (d:)i. sf -sctu)

Distribuiion: Throughout India, cultivatedThe pllnt: A stout perennial twiner with glabrous stems and branches;

leaves compound, leaflets membranous, acute or shortly acuminate'

apiculate, base rounded, nearly glabrous on both surfaces; flowerslarge, white or lilac, in lax few-flowered curved axillary racemes;fruits large, sword shaped flattened pods, seeds reddish brown or

white, strongly compressed.Pa s used: fruitsPropetlies and uses: The fruits are sweet, astringent' cooling' appetiser,

digestive and vulnerary. They are useful in hurning sensation'hyperdipsia, anorexia, dyspepsia, wounds, ulcers and vitiated

conditions of kapha and Pitta.

"3tfufnd qCqtqTd fvrcfr' fcffi+t '

e1offi qtrmd gtM qftrko rr" 1r.fr.;

[^Asidrmbi khadga6rmbi dimbi nistrirr6adimbika

Sthulasimbi mahasimbi brhacchimbi susimbika" (Ba ni )l

"qpfr1s 6-Eqffi ftM q sqF+ t

€{rffi c€ffi *dFrqrFq qm tt

.*+* v+c+* ktn qtjfr r+1fi-f,r r' re.l

f'Asismbi khadga6imbi brhacchimbi ca khadgini

Sthula5imbi maha6imbi dirghanispavikS smfl a

Raktabija Svetabiia dvidha sajpi prakirttita" (Sva.)l

? 5 ?

EngHinKanMal

Canavalia gladiata et-"t-- l

E. 1 4 ;rri

./r7

t w i s + ! I

rf ru i t f

, a - ' : ]t .

{, 1 cm caryx

3calyx front

3seed

"qiqffi g qgrT 6sm rffii-(ddlllqlT.4

" {ftfrdr €ffi l" (n.f{.)

["Asi6imbi tu madhura kasaya st€smapitta]itVranadosapahantri ca 6itala rucjdipani,,(Ra.ni.)l-Fqr qI vrgTcqr e FqrqErfifl Td , - (8.)["Rucya sa sakamukhya ca nispevasadrsa gunaih,, (Sva.)]

355

Coll. No. AVS 2168

Csnnabis sativs Linn.Cannabinaceae : (tI{n-tOC)

Distribution: Throughout India, wild (North west Himalayas) as well ascultivated

The plant: A large aromatic resinous annual herb 1.2-4.8 m in height witherect angular stem, the female plant usually taller than the male;leaves palmately divided, lower 3-8 foliate with long petioles, upper3-1 foliate passing into bracts: male flowers in short droopingpanicles, females in short axillary crowded spikes; fruits achenesseeds black. flattened.

Parts used: dried leaves and flowering shootsProperties and uses: Leaves are bilter. astringent. tonic, aphrodisiac.

antidiarrhoeic, intoxicating, stomachic, analgesic and abortifacient.They are used in convulsions, otalgia. abdominal disorders,diarrhoea. somatalgia and haematorrhoea. Its excessive use causesdyspepsia, cough, impotence, melancholy, dropsy, hyperpraxia andinsanity. The bark is tonic, and is useful in inflammations,haemorrhoids and hydrocele. Seeds are carminative, astringent,aphrodisiac, antiemetic and anti-inflammatory.

'FErrT T{qr qtwrn qr{fi fuqql qfl" (qr.v.)

["Bhanga ganja matulani madani vijaya jaya" (Bha.pra.)]

'fs-qqr {qk6r rg'n a-<r51e3alkfr t

qR-{i rriffi erg, +ftr 'r{srtfii{€err rr" (q.h.)

l"Vijaya ranjika bhanga tandrakrd bahuvadiniMadini madikA matuh prokta gahcakinistatha" (Dha.ni.)l

356

EngH i n

KanMalSanTamTel

True hemp, Soft hemp, Indian hempBhang. Ganja. Caras { rr{'1, rtrtrql, qrr1)

Bhangi (Cor\)Kancavu, Sivamtli (a,oolcai, uolololei)Bhanga (q<'n)

Ganca, Bhamgi (s@en, unrb$)Ganjdyi (xce"cr:)

Cannabis sativa

ofplant

twigna l e

o f \plant

twigma le

357

.irqrn sq'dt iffdr rrffi c|{i og, r

Arlitwn t-q-ar ri1qlq"Tr{{i{qf+ " (qr.c., s.fr.)

['Bhange kaphahari tikta grehini pacani laghuhTiksnosna pittale modamadavagvahnivardhani" (Bha.pra.,Dha.ni.)l

'c<nRaffi Frqrd{+ €ffi t

qer rc*ni f+Eal.. q a<riqq{ ttr{R {rqdl qqfi F-qrer{ffr*( r" (i{rg+qidnF{)

["Madanoddipani nidrajanani haffadayiniDhanustambham jalatrasam vistcim ca madatyayamPravrttim rajaso bahvim hantyapatyaprasatikrt" (Ayurvedavijnenam)l

-3TFH dftfr d€qr {q*{*s+ qol r

Frcr€qw{+ rniflF{fl q.ffi |+flqffi{vfr iqr q F{6rft!fr j" (3r*q{iledr)

["Agneyi tarpani balya manmathoddipani calaNidrasanjanani garbhapatini ca vikasinlVedanaksepaharini jneya ca madakerini" (Atreyasamhita)l

(SamanyaSodhanam)eftT qF{"dql eqrcqrgcks {d, rgldma tri-( qqq f+{cqfa r q{rq, t

I" Ksf rena parip0rnayam sthalyamupavisam sudhihmleyantre pacet sanryak visudhyati na sansayah"l

ffitqra (Vi5esa5odhanam)"qd1ir{ 6qr4or ri'n *ir}a rit'rlq L+gv"n++1cet gwt r-d* M1 tt"

['Barbaratvak kasayena bhanEa sanEvedya sosayetGodugdhabhavanaddatva suskam sarvat!'a yoiayetl

'r{E riolffiFei votrq* frann-( r

fuTffi <rcq{ tt{qrqq {61ift {15qlqT6ft{6\ |3rfiiqrei d=ilfr rr" (3{rg+fd-drq)

["5va5fgaladidarn6ottham ialatankam nivarayetBahyayamantarayamau visucimapi darunamN/adetyayam mahaghoram dulaicaivamlapittakam -Agnrmandyam hareccapr ratdisramatisarnsrutam" (Ayuryedavilnanam)

qErfl S{frq-+ *q c{c'{q'F{r cq r

{-driT{drfi!ft rlFrflrqrFrfi qtri sTir{*T{fiftsft |rolq{rft'sl *e v1€wn aw tt

358

3{q{rir6{r +s s{6{rocsflRTn r

ftialq.sEod drqRrq.rolKr 1l3r$d-qrtdqRd drnjfrolFrdrlot L

sqrfiffi *s {6Yils-qirr(tr tt

a*ar r<{5<r1*meFwfi-+t tidffi sqrarrqnfi+t tt:rvrtqqrcq *q ffic*r rdsriE{5(TflF{r{T{ttFqiTr{{r ll

{r++{"'{i1! aq*qsgRrr( r

rc,{F h!:sr{ qr€F{kfui qe.{r llqeq6Rt{{ cT{ |

qkqlrirc-€{ *q qdlcfl{d6Fr€r Ltqrswirrl{igffiqrdt6qIKlF€1 tc{ {rq*,r{6 sFi isFGk fuird, ll "(qr.9.fr.)

["Bhange ksuddipani caiva dhvajabhangahara param

Svapnamehahara caiva suk!astambhanakariniNidrepradayini kamam kamoddipanakariniPralapanasika caiva dhanuhstambhahara tathaAnna50lahare caiva vrkka6ulapranAsiniPittadosaiastlaghni tvamasayabalapradaAiimaiatisaraghni tatheijirnanivariniUnmadanadini caiva vrkkaSophavyadheharalvlutral a raktasarnyuktamttrasravanivarikaVicitranandaianani svapnasantanakarikaArsovyathahara caiva kinciijaranivarikaVranamehasamudbhutasiSnasophavyathaharaNadidaurbalyasambhttam tathaksepasamutthitar.nFajah6ulam nihantya6u bhaskarastimiram yatha

Arnesayotthasulaghni yaksmakasahara param

Vastyaksepahara caiva saksepatamakapahaDarunaksepasanryuktamatlkastapradayinamParam sa;kramakam kasam vinihanti vi6esatah" (Bha pra ni.)l

F<rn-qqi4ftr (Bhangasevanavidhih)'fqslr*l-qlts qcpi tuiwr &-ilq-qffi il! €diFrFr€rcFl 11qPq€Ig ffi+ lem*l rc-a, topnqr qFas*Eqer\ 6{crf,{.1 ll6fudrs{qr €El qrqqt=i e{qt Ilnq{R*+is qra{Rffi 11crsEr{{ qsErd @ uiq fii tt3{ffiFild+dfr, +miks*q qr

rird'FT4fuq+kiffiqi qq!-6 q+( ll (,fl.e.f{)

359

["MjayabTjacumasya bhaksanam vidhina priyeSaryopakeraka0 tattu saryarogapaharakamParipakvani bijani vrksadaniya yatnatahChayayam patayedraksedbhaksayet karsametrakamKapilapayasa sardham masamatram varinaneDhatuvlddhiIbhavettasya centravrddhirvina6yatiMarirsadadhyam vasadardhyam dehadardhyam bhavet priyeAgnidiptirmanodiptih kamadiptistathaiva caPrajnadlptirdrstidiptirdiptinem paicakam bhavet" (Bha.pra.ni.)l

Remarks: The narcotic drugs Bhang or Hasish, Ganja and Charas are the d edflowering and fruiting tops of the pistillate plants of Caznabi.r sativa fromwhich no resin has been removed, Bhang, Siddhi, Sabii or Patti are the othernames of this product.

The use of hemp resin for narcotic and sedative purposes affects thecerebrum of a person and can make him lose his self-control. In larger doses,they produce coma and death from cardiac failure.

3ffl

C snsco ra decusssto (Roxb.)Schult.Gentianaceae : (ff.FllutT-to{)

Distribution: Throughout India,in moist areas upto 1,500 m elevationThe plant An erect dichotomously branched annual upto 60 cm in height

with 4-winged stems and decussate branches: leaves simple, ovate orlanceolate, acute, sessile. upto 5 cm long, prominently 3-nerved;flowers white, those in the forks, long pedicelled lax terminaldichasial cymes; fruits cylindric membranous septicidal capsules;seeds very small, brown, reticulate.

Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, acrjd, astringent. thermogenic,

laxative, vulnerary. emollient, alexeteric, anthelmintic, appetiser,intellect promoting. aphrodisiac, deourative, rejuvenating and tonic.It is useful in vitiated conditions of kapha, inflammation, ascites,abdominal disorders, intestinal worms. insanity, epilepsy, newousdebility. forgetfulnesd, leucoderma, leprosy, skin diseases.tuberculosis, ulcers and general debility.

"{rqqgd 6Egd {|qsKsr 6'qqlffi |ffi vrqoggrTr !tq1 qaffi;; 1q.fr;['sankhapuspi kambupuspi sankhahve kambumatiniTilaki 5a;khakusuma medhya vanavilasini,, (Dha.ni.)l

TrEogS ctqufi +Eguft {+w 1l@i {iro-dT ffiE +qnfuo rcrq'rq$ rrqqngr ilqr ++ffi rr" (*.fr.1

Kan

Mal

San

Tel

CanscoraSamkhaphali ({iqqfu)

Sankinisoppu (dcgfdCg)Samkhapuspi. Kancankora(c/D"ardl"g"r'1, €5loloao6,co)

Sankhini, Sankhapuspi tvrq@,KancakUra (sbs;"o)

361

iCanscora decussata

362

["sankhapugpi ksjrapuspi kambupuspi manorama

Sivabrahmi bhutilata kiriti kambumalikaMangalyapugpi dankhahva medhya vanavilesini" (Kai.ni.)l

"vlEssd ! vqql{qr q'q'rq6'gnF sl- (qr.Y.)

I"Santnapuspi tu sa;khehva mangalyakusumapi ca" (Bha.pra.)l

"lr{cgel ggui "

Yr:Sr{qr 65q1ffifitiyd *Egd itqr ++fuotfuS ttiefil-A rrqe-ggcr Tdr{r rrqqcttr$ |

i&sr {rElagd aqmr rnrnnfr, ri (n.fi.)

['saikhapuspi supuspi ca sankhava kambumaliniSitapuspi kambupuspi medhya vanavilasiniCirinti Sankhakusuma bhtlagna 6ankhameliniItyesa 6ankhapuspi syadukta dvada6anemabhih (Ra.ni.)l

{rqggd vrt iqr gqt qr+qa'r6( tt€rq-fi +qrden qftr+tFr+otFr<r tAsrcsR5r+$sffrftqeT( I (rTI.e.)

l"Santnapuspi sara medhyA v6y- manasarogah!'tRasayani kaqayoqna smrtikentibalagnidaDosapasmarabh0ta6rikuslhakrmivisapranut" (Bha. pra.)l

"lTw5dt +qrdEr +qqffi tttrq-i vtr kqr orur@r€-{ffi-dr Iotfr iw qorrffi qffi 681a1 Ed, rrgx v rr@ iq d-a-ar erqfuk<t trqrr$ qrt sqi @e$on a q{r 11qfiffirffiqfffi 6g€ qdr Icrdsrg,ftrf{fr rrql"qr fofiftrfi rlfrq4mqqsd ++ 5fr i+i *q r

t66ffi r<lqq {ffi rr" (fr.r.)

["Sanknapuqpi kasayosna kaphakusthavina6iniRasayani sara drvya le leh rllasaju rttih aLaksmi medha balagninam vardhini kathita budhaihSubhfa ca sa;khini medhye sitala va6yasiddhidaRasayani sara svarya kiicidusna ca tuvareSmrtikantibalagninan va!'dhini katuka mataPacakayuf sthirakari mangalya pittana6iniVisadosamapasmarar.n kapham krmi visam harstKuslhalatetridogaghni grahado$asya nadini " (Ni.ra.)

"r'Efirn 6Eft-d6olt +tcfirt-{6rsfu( t

163

h\rqsRFR+{ Ek tq r*r+i r" (q.i{.)

["Sankhini katutiktosna kesapittavalasajitVisapasmarabh,tadin hanti medhya rasayani' (Dha.ni.)l

"rqug{ 15" irtr iqaq sc+rfipft rtrdTdrk4tsd qviMrs-6{r r" ((.tr.)

["Sankhapuspi hima tikta medhakrl svarakariniGrahabhttadidosaghni vasikaranasiddhide" (Fa.ni.) l

trqg54 s{r qqi caFtrftr rsr+$ rerSwn eoiivfir +org, otfi-< ttq r

["Sankhapuspi sara svarya katutikta rasiyaniAnusne vamam6dhagnibalayuh kentida haret llDosapasmaralutastrikusthabhutavisakrmin" (Kai.n j.)l

''{r-Eqgqi s{r iriqrqa{ff t{qrq6r r

+rsnlftxlrqq, qg 6r;6ri1jqqraq, 11qid-4?, +rsfuui$ iq-c, Tfurrvn, r" ({n.F.)

["Sankhapuspl sara medhyonmadaccharddivisapahaKesamardastridosaghnah svaouh kandhayol nnapdcanahSatiktah kasavidhvansi recanah krminadanah" (So.ni.) l

'rrW:e edjgeT itqr qr+sirrrea r

rqrqfi 6qr4rq qffi qofi?-q rr6flnr d'd-dr qqi tsffrftqqT( |vr++rg, fur|fifr m{|?qr ft-flRrii rl

r<tqs {ffi rrqlq-r+o nrrr Sdftr d qqr,i " (w.fr.)

["SanXnapuspi saraJjyusya medhya menasarogahdRasayani kasayosna smrtjkantibalagnidaKatuka sitala svarye kus_thakrmivisapranutPeckayuhsthirakari mengalya pit'tanaSiniLttapasmaradosaghni grahadosasyanesiniSarvopadravaha prokta puspairbheda gunaih samah" (Sa.ni.)l

Remarks: ln Ayurvedic dict ionaries the botanical name given for ialkhcpuspi is

Convolrulus plut ica&/r ' . 'The Ayurvedic Formulary of India' also identi f ies

this plant as tbe same. and also adds that Evolvulus alsinoides and Clitoriaterr i . l ted can be used as substi tutes. Also. except for the commentarv on'Rajanighantu'.

al l other publ icat ions do not mention CdnJco ra decussata.

3&

However, Convolvulus pluricaulis does not find a mention as a medicinalplant in the ' lndian Medicinal Plants' or 'Glossary of Indian MedicinalPIants'or 'Wealth of India'. Therefore. it seems that it is unwise to useConvolvulus pluricoulis fot the drlog iankhapuspi.

Clitoria ternatea is the drug commonly used in Kerala in all medicalpreparations wherever the names J:dikrini and iankhapuspi occur (referClitoria ternatea).

365

Coll. No. AVS 2394

C anthium parviflorum Lam.Rubiaceae : (rofuq156q;

HinKanMal

SanTamTel

Distribution: Throughout India,in scrub forests and dry platns

The plsnt: A thorny subscandent shrub with spreading branches; leaves

simple, small, opposite with interpetiolar stipules and axillary spines:

flowers yellowiih white,4-merous, small, in axillary cymes' corolla

tube shortl fruits oblong-ellipsoid or compressed drupes' yellow

when ripe.Parts used: routs. leavesProperties and uses: The roots and Ieaves are astnngent' sweel'

thermogenic, diuretic' febrifuge. constipating. anlhelmintic and tonic'

They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha, diarrhoea' strangury'

fevei. leucorrhoea' intestinal worms and general debility'

Kirme, Kadbar (F6'{cr, 6<q{)

Kakegida (EDt^6)

Cerukera, Kantankara, Karamullu, Kara

(o.Jo)6,3o, a,6rB€o,co, 6,croaJgg, 6,3(D)

Gangeruki, Chayatinisah orq+5-$, drqridi{fl ')

Karaicceti (sncory&Glsrg)

Balusu (De))-.!)

"qrqH 6"iad d*+na q dr<+l t+M +ffi srqrfri+sr rdfr ri te.l["Gangeruki kamavedhT di!'ghakanta ca modakaKoranlaki kitamari chayetini5a ityapi" (Sva.)l

"'nEM osradn rgr lR gan

oqrftrqR{rrn Ffutqqffid( lr " (€.)

["Gangeruki kasayogrla madhura grahi matralaKaphatisarasamani krmikrcchfaivarapaham " (Sva )l

366

Canthium parviflorum

367

Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.(C. aphylla Rorh.)

Capparaceae : (6fr{-toq)

Caper plantKaril, Kur€l (6i-o, tto)Nispatige (b{[tri)Karimulti, Karimullu (6,ololgel' aololeg)

^"rU"6 (6ftt,)

Senxam, Sirakkali (GwrirsLir, GDds66l)

Enugadanta (5$x5oi3)

Distribution: Throughout India,in dry areas

fhe plant e denself branching straggling glabrous shrub withsmooth

terete green bianches: leaves simple, caducous' found only on young

shoots]linear-oblong, acute, spinous pointed' stipular thorns- long'

sharp, straight, orange yellow; flowers red' in many flowered

corvmbs on old branches or short lateral shoots' gynophore about

12 mm longl fruits globular, glabrous, beaked; seeds numerous

embedded in the PulP.Ptrts used: roots. fruilsProperlies and uses: The roots are acrid. bitter' thermogenic' anodyne'

sudorific, expeclorant' digestive' carminative' anthelmintic'

purgative, antibacterial' vulnerary. alexeteric' stimulant' . .,

".i"nugogu"' uphroriisiac and tonic' They are useful in boils'

eruptioni. ivelling' chronic and foul ulcers' cough' hiccough' asthma'

vomiting. hacmorrhoids. intermittent fevers' arthritis' odontalgia'

lumbag6, dyspepsia' flatulence. constipation' intestinal worms'

cardiac debility. gout, amenorrhoea' dysmenorrhoea and general

debility. The fiuits are bitter. sweet' astringent' acrid' thermogenic

and constipating. They are useful in halitosis' cardiac disorders'

urethrorrhea and vitiated conditions of Pi1l4'

''sitit rFT{{-s rTrsgd Tsq-o, I

firitdqlrqrfq r+qdeq6!-a{, ri tq.fr .l

["Kariro guqhapatrasca Sakapuqpo mlduphalanGranthilastiksnasara6ca k!'akacastiksnakantakah" (Dha ni )l

368

EngHinKanMalSanTamTel

Capparis decidua

.369

"f{qr-d, 6fr€q ofrr, ui*rosq rf{-it rFrr{s arsdwr+rr+, rr" (1.fr.)

["Nispatrakah karirasca karirah granthilastathaKrakaro gudhapatfa6ca karakastiksnakan!akah" (Ra. ni.)l

''6fr{, FrMr qFldr q€T6n, i (.n.c.)

["Karirah kfakaripatro granthilo marubhtruhah" (Bha.p!'a.)]

'offir 5Es-odwrerit garvn, r

rrmsdrFca' cfri fird qa, tr

{Fo: 6-s,qdsqsFad, ogfum-+, rr' 1*.fr.1[' Karirako mrduphalastikgnasaro hutasanahSakpuspo gudhapatrah kariro granthilo matahSuphalah krakacastiksnakantakah katutiktakah" (Kai.ni.)l

'6t{' *-a6kfr, +qen t<{' qd, I

g?iq*sanTwTqitwdqcD1q I i (qr.c.)

["Karirah katukastiktah svedyu$no bhedanah smrtahDumamakaphavatamagara6ophavranapranut" (Bha. pra.)l

$3FsF{+FRS: I€dl +q6{, qrs, +csmTceintir( rrffiqsryimq, Tfrcrcldt {a, I3{irq-d Fdy1et ,eni *q ffi( rrsd er*q *gfu<gsi s gEi qd( tffi qg{ lft gudVa-*ic+1 rr

€a ssr olF i-r Sqiqd q +rvtitr l

5q srfs.t irfii gai +vft-tr1tr rr" tfr.r.)IKarirastuvaradcosnah katuscadhmankarakatrRucyo bhedakarah svaduh kaphavatamaSophajitVisarsovranasophaghnah krmipemaharo matahArocakam sarya5rJlam dvasar.n caiva vinasayetPhalam casya ka!ustiktamusnam ca tuvarar.n matatnVikesi madhuram grahi mukhavaisadyakerakamHrdyam rukgam kapham mehaln dupamanam ca na6ayetPuspam vatakarao pfoklam tuvaram kaphapittanut" (Ni.ra.)l

''qrdrAqEi .-rq *-{Ei l<defu( l

6t{crqr++l qkfl e5fr<o{ rr- (q.fr.)

["Vataslegmaharam rucyam kattsnam gudakilaiitKariramadhmanakaram rucikrt svedutiktakam " (Dha.ni.)l

-otrqnclrdi 6qFi

4-{wrnf,( 6Fdtfi {fi I

-37()

{qqrF{drlt-{6 {-&pfa@fis{dq-irs-€rQ I t" ({r.fr .)lKariramedhmanakaram kasayamkattgnametat kaphahari bhuriSvasanilaJrockasarvasula -vicchardikharjuvranadosahari" (Ra.ni.I

ott, +g+k<, €geit +{n q}( |g?iq6serdTql|{q@T{url-{tr

TR gq g gei er<rnq +vffi*q rrs-d td*i +qrqlwi q3:i rqq6+, rrtu+tfr egi sri wgffi sqfrnlsE rr" (+.fi.)["Karirah katukastiktah svedyusno bhedano jayetDurnemakaphavatamagaradophakrmivrandnTaSya puspam tu tuvaram vaiakrt kaphapittajitPhalam tiktam kasayosnam katukam rasapakayohVikasi madhuram raksam sangrehi kaphapittajit" (Kai.ni.)l

"+tit aungiqnftm-q sqqrdk{ |rf.qfuJF+f-qrr

dqq osqraEi 4w{ og rqqq;rytu e scr qui €frr<{ rr+'fri 6C6 cr4 rM*q qq{riq r*,qFi qrdai t{fii dtrri qqfirtfo( ri fril.fr.l[" Kariro vranasopharSoraktahrt kaphavatajitKatupakarasoJtyusno yakrtptihapahoJgnikrtTatpuspam kaphavataghnam katupakarasam laghuSrstamotrapurisam ca sada pathyam rucipradar.nKariram katukam pake 6lesmaiit srstamutravitKaseyam vatalam tiktam tatpakvam kaphapittajit,, (So.ni.)l

Remarks: The word karim is mentioned in Sdkavarga' of AstaigahrdayamSutrasthanam.' Sri Vasudevan Moosad in his 'Leelaplavam' Commenrarygives the Malayalam as aga$l for this kalira. But usually karira is known inMalayalam as dntdnmula, mulahukirrpu, and karimulli (karimultu,.

"Ern€i Ftirld g*(q-z* yqll r" (tffiqiFi)

f Varilsenkur€ kariroistri vrksabhidghatayo pumen,, (Medinikodam)l

",iTr|q{i q'+irF+ n€*i st q qr t" (qqr+)fl)

["Van6ankure karirojstrl tarubhed€ ghate ca na,, (Amarakoiam)]

371

From the above it is clear that ialir.r in neuter gender means vail\nnkura

(mulamkirhpu) and in the male Sender il means vlksabheda or 8il.rtd (pol )

From Vagbhata's statement" 6+{41qr{6i +sFi €E1ifii6i

( " Kariiamadhmanakaram kasfyam svallutiktakam " ) as the word /(d/i/d is of

the neuter gender. we learn that its meaningts mulamkirhpu.

Thus i t can be concluded that whcn kdl i /a is used in male gender i t means

/iarimufli and when used as &Qriram in neuter Sender it means

v'o lt{drhk uram or v aitiiigrunt

l7 l

cum annuum

v.s. of f lo\

Coll. No. AVS 2447

Capsicum anhuum Linn.Solan ace ae : (zFu-{fiffr -t-dQ

SanTamTel

Chillies, Long chillies, Bed chilliesLalmirca (oroltEi)Kempumenasu (doo raxi)Mulakg, Kappalmulakq, Paccamulaku, Cuvannamulaku

1oggd, a,d{oio1gd, d3Jo}ed;''r}olcmo}96;)Katuvirah, Raktamaricah ({g+{'' .ftcfi-s)

Milagai (r-Scnsnur)Mirapakaya (bb:s-o5))

ffitvre, tr<rqqfireriq ffir fi{qoecn ri (e.l[" Katurviroivalastik9no tivfa6aktiryide6ajah

RaKakhyamaricaScaiva prokto dirghaphalastatha"(Sva )l

6o,qn frqgrqs.€ nrfl i (3fl.fq.) _

[" Katurviroijala tiksna tivra6aktyajade tatha" (A.vi )]

EngHinKanMal

Distribution: Throughout India' cultivatedThe plsnt A suffrutescent annual shrub' 0 75-1.8 m in height with many

angular branches; leaves simple, of varying shapes, entire' acuminate'

usually wrinkled; flowers white or violet, in clusters of two or morel

fruits iong, cylindric, ovoid, obtuse or oblong, red when ripe with

smooth shini surface; seeds many, yellow, smooth, round' discoid

with a spinescent protuberance on the edge'

Parts used: fruitsProperties ond uses: The fruits are acrid' bitter' thermogenic' digestive'

carminative, laxative, expectorant, sialagogue, stimulant, cardiotonic'

antipyretic, antiperiodic, sudorific and rubefacient They are useful

in cephalalgia, gout, arthritis, sciatica, hoarseness, anorexra,

dysplpsia, flatulence, cough, cardiac debility, malarial and

intermittent fevers. dropsy. cholera, indolent ulcers and vitiated

conditions of kapha.

375

"f!'+fr frEdF.{i IFEI: sF{T{r{, Iffit M 6;rr, lEr1EF6{Rqr Infi.rvn t-q qr-,ijd, *ffirrrirrra, rgoiq eer+r+<tt {"d$''E&Fr{ rKr{ ri (Ts.)

["Katuviro katustiksno gurusnah kaphanasanahDipano rocano rucyah tBnadahakarastathaFoginam naiva pathyojsau, sevitastvatiyogatahKuryat svasthanarasyapi mutrakrcchradikan gaden" (Sva.)l

'sg-ffi {or€d s ErFt+ tl

-{rSd fu{dqq qsi Fdi {qr5vr( rr<r 'itt seFTq la(tflir"Fq rln qwvi rfr"i strqrafidfsd{ lqeFi:q'roi *qq TdR .'sq ffi( ri (err.fr.)

["Katuviragnijanani valasaghni ca dahinlHantyajimar.n visucinca vranam klinnam sudarunarJrTandram moham p!'alapaica svarabhedamarocakamNaram luptadharam ksjnam sannipatanipiditam _Nastendriyaganam tiksne mdyorakBJa jivayet" (A.vi.I

..3{irqta, drarddrfipft

tuqi+* pittufrfim6rfiefr rf<JftAqr+oqrq+rn'n

ffi+r ir<fr Fm*tRofr tf ttu.i.q.l["Arocaretah kaphavalaharinivipacini sonitapittakaridMedojkQinidranalamandyakarinivisacikem kmtati pittakarini" (Si.bhe.ma.)l

.^i4amo)]99 alga; o3olvicp"do6.rcmrc'e5oi

^rca,orrleeroirm;gg oaDo o(r)loocd (rl(olo" ((r)l. Jc.)

["Paccayayulla mulaku guru6lesmaprasekakrtPakattinkalatinnulla rasam madhuramay varun' (Gu.pa.)l

Remarks: According to the shape, colour and size of fruits, Capsicum annuunlLinn. is classified into different categories. Besides this, there is another kindof chilli used in Kerala under the names cinamulaku, kdntdimulaku andsicimulak4'. All these belong to the specics known as C. frutescens Linn.

176

Coll. No. AVS 1233

C ardi o sp erm um h al i cacab um Linn.Sapindaceae : (*i+o-to{)

Dislribution: Throughout lndia,in the plains

The planl: A pubescint or neady glabrous arnual or perennial with

slender -branches

climbing by means of tendrillar hooksl leaves

ternately bicompound' leiffets acuminate at the apex; flowers white'

small: fruits membranous, depressed, pyriform capsule winged at the

angles; seeds black with a large white heart-shaped aril'

Parts used: roots. leaves, seedsProperlies and.uses: The roots are diuretic, diaphoretic, emetic'- .

mucilaginous, laxative and emmenagogue' They are useful in

strangriry. fevel arthritis, amenorrhoea, lumbago and neuropathy'

But Iioman (1919) reports that the roots are ineffective for chronic

rheumatism. The leaves are rubefacient and are good for arthritis'

otalgia and opbthalmodynia. The seeds are tonic and diaphoretic'

and"are goodfor arthritis and fever. The plant has sedative action on

the central nervous system.

'r<R+S M +ftrffifr q t

r<rfuq{1"n< e-@t{rqr q 6r qt( ti (3t.c.)

['lndrahvaindri ca]ndravalli kathitendreniketi caIndrabhidhanapurvantu vallinama ca tam vadat (A.ma.)l

"rr{d rEF{tdI $qtst q 6rd rqrryar{'fi rrfr(4r iran ffiia q ri (q.)

["lndraval[ 6akralata ka4asphota ca karavi

earavatangi 6aflanva prokta tejasviniti ca" (Sva.)l

EngHinKanMalSanTam

Tel

Ballon vine, Heart's PeaKanphuti, Kapalphoti 1+ngd, +qro+El

Kanakayya (tddcd)J

U.lifrfra (ee16t6t6t)Saklalata, Indravalli (rl6oiT, r<-{d)

Mudukkottan, Modikkottan(g:gr66orur-cor, Gr-on$dGtonrrr-ctt)

Vekkuduiiga Pso6-co&r.)

377

,' t o;

-t:l

E.cto(,oe6

E

E2Foco.9

6o

178

-.d{d q€{r qrdd Effi i te.fi.)

l" lndravall i ivarahara vataghni vrddhini6ini" (Hr'pri )l

'5<d-d q.|6{ {nqqruE-{{r qil I

qrad qa +rqt qkv15rsdFofr ll" (R.)

I"lndravalli ivarahard 6ophapanduhard smrta

Varaghni matrala kasya vrddtri6utapanarini" (Sva )l

379

Coll. No. AVS 2431

Careya arboreaRoxb.Barrin gtoniaceae : (Sl5Kt6-O-Eioc)

Distribution : Throughout lndia in deciduous forests and grasslandsThe plant: A small to medium sized deciduous tree upto 15m in height

with thick dark grey bark having shallow cracks and exfoliating innarrow flakesl leaves simple, alternate, broadly obovate or obovate-oblong, rounded or shortly acuminate, membranous, crowded at theends of branches, lateral nerves 10-12 pairs; flowers yellowish white,large, showy, foul-smelling, in thick swollen hard terminal spikes,sepals 4, petals 4, stamens many, epigynous; fruits large, globose,green, glabrous, berries, crowned with persistent calyx and style.

Perls used: bark, leaves. flowers, fruitsProperties and uses: The bark is acrid, astringent, bitter, thermogenic,

alexeteric, expectorant, anthelmintic, antipyretic and antipruriric,and is useful in tumours, cough, bronchitis, catarrh, dyspepsia, colic,haemorrhoids, intestinal worms, dysentery urorrhea, leucoderma,epileptic fits and eruptive fevers particularly smallpox. The leavesare useful in ulcers. The flowers are useful in healing vaginalruptures caused by childbirth. The fruits are acrid, astringent,aromatic and anaphrodisiac, and are useful in dyspepsia and vitiatedconditions of ,kaz,/ra.

'*-.d rrfirdr dFd q-d i+Frd aq re$g gnvrn daql vqrrar {q ri ({.h.)

l'Katabhi nabhika 6aundT pa!a[ kinihi tatheMadhurenuh kgudrasama t<aiOarya syamala nava" (R5.ni.)l

380

Eng

Hin

Kan

Mal

San

Tam

Tel

KumbiKumbi (trd)

Daddala, Gudda, Daddippe (660.e.. rL6". dqdJ

Pelu, Alam, Perv, Pelv 1cld, crge-r., c.'li' c".r{)

Kuibhi, Katabhi (cnfr, +zs)

Kurhbi, Aima (glbrf , gon)Dudippi (6DeiJ)

Careya arborea

]t "m

rf\({ : l\*/

fruit

=-ill

.lrJ I

dcrfr nq{n!-ss' i (q.cr.R.)

[Kalambharascaru6mgi katabhi tmadaundakah" (Ma.pa.ni.)]

.6cS HE:Eqfs eglE rarqt, r" 1w.1.)

[Katabhi svadupuspadca madhurenuh katambharah" (Bha.pra.)]

"U?+dr +qFe 4m qrzffiF-s+t te$9, +dgq, ri@F-sq, rrqiE g{rcr q MJq e;.q{, i f*.t{.1["Ksudra6v€te caurasunthi sveta patalisaundikaMadhurenuh svetapuspah sanvitastrsnasaundikahBahurenuh sunema ca kaidaryoltha katambharah (Kai.ni.)l

-q-aflqci€IriT|@(r

t-.ig@n 6tF5€Efi: rgsm e +1ffim rrrs?t E{i nd HqK qq{+aa( r" (qr.c.)

["Katabhi tu pramehe!,sonadivfanavigakninHantyusna kaphakuslhaghni katuruksa ca kirttitaTatphalam tuvaram jfreyam visesat kapha6uklahrt (Bha.pra.I

-rarq,y*treq|s}dq@{r

Eng6q: dFttsq: rmd +sq+a1q lri+qi*ilJe fe$ {itfffr{rvg: i (q.qr.fi.)

[" Katarirbharah pramehasranadivranavisakrminHantyusnah kaphakusthghnah tatphalam kaphasuklanutNiryasoJsya gurury6ya balakrdvatanaianah (Ma.pa.ni.)l

'62{ q+( {{Er 5rt+wner+vgM tqmdsrfrlhsqwrrn ....... ........ .. r ({r.tr.)

["Katabhi bhavet katasna gulmavisadhmanasuladosaghniVatakaphajimaruja6mani ...................................." (Re.ni.)l

-6utqr, {g, M Argfuv1ffitn, I

fnfr oqtqrstAi@{ ri f*.fi I["Katambharah katuh sosno nadivranavis&hanahNihanti kaphakusthasramedomehavisakrmin" (Kai.ni.)l

.r82

Coll. No. AVS 2446

Carica papaya Linn.Lancaceae : (cEr(us-3('v

Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant: A small. soft-wooded, fast growing, short lived laticiferous tree

upto 8.0m in height with a straight cylindric stem bearingcharacteristic leaf-scars throughout and with a tuft of leaves at thetop: leaves deeply lobed, palm-like with characteristically long,hollow petiole; flowers unisexual, white or yellowish white, rarelybisexual, males in long drooping panicles, females in short clusters;fruits one-chambered, succulent, indehiscent, spherical or cylindrical;seeds many, yellowish brown, ash coloured or black.

Parts used: fruits , latexProperties and uses: The fruits are bitter, acrid, thermogenic, anodyne,

aphrodisiac, stomachic, appetiser, digestive, carminative,anthelmintic, styptic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal. demulcent anddiuretic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of va-ta, cough,bronchitis, stomachalgia, dyspepsia, anorexia, intestinal worms,haemoptysis, haemorrhoids, inflammations, splenomegaly, ringworm,skin diseases, psoriasis, urinary calculus and injures of the urinarytract. The latex is anthelmintic, anodyne, laxative, digestive,emmenagogue, galactagogue, depurative, sudorific, febrifuge andtonic. It is useful in roundworm infestation, stomachalgia, dyspepsia,constipation, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, agalactia, skin diseases,leprosy, haemorrhoids, fever, strangury and general debility

"qr-sBfta $i fqffi-a qfuicra, r

sr{qs-d +ff, q +s qg6-+A rrtr.i{.)

['Erandacifbhilo vrksah cirbh a nalikadalahVatakurbhaphalah p!'oktah sa caiva madhukarkati' (Sa.ni.)l

EngHinKanMal

SanTamTel

tree,Pappeya, Pappita (qqrq, c+d)

Pappaya, Peragi, Piranji (om o:.r. don. Sdod)

Pappaya, Karmmosq, Pappali, Ka!'mmatti

1^rgcor, a,rdoornJ, rdogil, 6"(a@(oo,l)

Brahmairan.dah,Eran@ka!'katita-&-s,,s@:<r+AlPappali, (r-n-l rofl)

Bappayi, Bobbasi (a:J3or. d-r;$)

Carica PaPaYa

,;/'t4 ., -=.-.

Kt'\

I m a l e

.s,A:. tu,L' "6a(-\e f lowers

r7fruit entire andvertical section

384

"il*{Es{5, eftt kflrir4mr,Fr, Iffia6r +rre, {fui TRsor{d, rr(e.)[' Brahmairandataruh ksjri visalacchatraptrakahVisaranalika kandah sighram bhUriphatavnah" (Sva.)l

'ro nrers+q 6a aw fiftat1 r

d'qq Vsrssrs.a ffr ftm+dr{ |eii *i s dh6q, aESoftore g rErffititqgrgqi r" (8.)

["Phalam k,6mandavat hrdyam brmhanam krmijitparamDipnam 5vasakasaghnam pritidam pittavardhanamKsiram biiam ca krmihrt, tvanmuladikamasya tuTvagdosavataraktadirogesrapyupayujyate" (Sva.)l

385

Coll. No. C.U. (Cali) 11475

Carissa carundasLinn'Apocynaceae : ({aS-5ep

RIAunda, Ja -srnln€

flowered carrisa

Karaunta, Karonti (6,tl!-al, 6to-E)

Karikayi (dotoc$)

Tel : Peddakalavi, Vaka (-r6set' Js)

Mal : Klavu Perumklavq' KaraQla

idgcoi, o^ro1'decd' e'osne;

san : kalmardah, Avighnah (6{T{" 3rtfEq')

i". , ^"fa*a', eerurirxta (sarn&snu-r' GuqSr-bscnn)

Distribution : Throughout India'in drv forests' also cultivated

ii" pil.i t "

r".ge dlchotomously branched evergreen shrub withshort

stem and strong thorns tn pairs' bark lighl grey scaly; lei]:t":'-T]"

tpp.ti"..ffip,t or obovaie' shortly mucronate glabrous snlntng

and coriaceousl lloters wntte' in pubescent.terminal :::y-T::*iy-".; ituit

"ffip-id or glotrose berry' purplish black when rrpe

enclosing two or more seeos'

Parts used : roots, fruits

ri.'pJi., *a'*1 rl" t:-'.:'^?li ;"il"Hll'lill,ililliii,l3li"ar worms,antiscorbutic. and are useru

.."ii*'".J p.".l,us The unripe fruit is sour' astringent' bitter'

ii".-.g."ii, **tipating, anaphrodisiac' appetiser and antipyretrc'

and is useful in vitiated coJitions oI pitta aid .kapha' hYPerdiPsia'

il;;;;;;t""ia' and intermittent fevers The.ripe fllt-l:, t*"tt'""".ii"g' ,pp",ittt and antiscorbutic' and is useful in. anorexla'

ui,iu',J "i,ioitiont

of pirta and vam' burning sensation' skin diseases'

scabies and Pruritus'

'6{TtsmhEi q+ui qFrqtq t

6{rei 6'w{ s Sslcl6sti qa( ri (qi<)

.[" Karamardakamavighnam susenam panimardakam

Karamlam karamadar.n ca klFnapakaphalam matam' (Dha ni I

6<14, qnlr{s 5115' 5rr{m' t

qfrq "qfitgdw

{qq'qq-dl fr' ri fni+ )

386

o(EttoG(,6o.96o

:r ;,','S.-g- Z/'\-_:__:':_sE

I87

[Karamardah susena6ca karamlah karamardakah

Avignah panimarda6ca krsnapakaphalo munih" (Ra.ni )l

"6TTi, {t"I, ErQwrqrrFdern r

Tsr@gFdr qr g {r iql 6{qH-fi ll- (qr.q.)

IKaramardah susenah syit<rsnap;kaphalastathe

Tasmailaghuphala ya tu sa jrleya t<aramardika' (Bha.pra.)l

nmr gn'tn 6{cft-sr taiSro effi-+ {T65qI q nGo{ llqrfurffiq'c firqi r"roqd'c1

- td.i{.1

lKrsnapakaphara pr6kta susena karamardik,

Vaneksudra ksiraphena samlapuspa ca tatphalam

Panimardakamavignam karamlam sthalamarkatam" (Kai ni )l

-6{Tic?i iqrqq€i T€ EsTqEt I

swi gtr{fii ffi rratr++qe<R tT{€i qT c;rj og fIT€+{k( l (in.s.)

[ 'Karamardadvayam tvamamamlam guru trsepaham

Usnam rucikaram proktam raktapittakaphapradamTatpakvam madnuram rucyam laghu pittasamirajlt" {Bha pla )l

-6{trfu qri tcqi qrffiT+{ t

{5fuf,fl qft qr6qF €fsrq t

rddfrii 6rF *q qf+{Efurr{r+{ tt

n$sd cgr sd og {fra{q ftTq t

.fiFr.a fiE s{s fuq qmsq arvd( rl

ilqei r€'sBii I'ni'j isqed'3,-.q5-R t1"nr+q iqr :mona+( r ti+.i.t

[ 'Karamardaphalam camam tiktar.n cagnipradipakamGurupittakaram grehi camlamugnam rucipradamRaKtapdtar'r kapham caiva vardhayettrdvinadakamTatpakvam madhuram rucyam laghu 6itanca pittaham

Raktapittam tridosanca visam vatanca na6ay;tTacchuskam pakvasad6am gunajneyam vicaksanaihAtyamlasya guna6caiva jieya amakaramlavat " (Ni.ra.)l

"3rE E*nqE c.ri tm.+anrdq t

q+j S qT {iii .fifun€i qcq rr" (q.t{.)

['Amlam trsnepaham rucyam pittakrtkaramatdakamPakvam tu madhuram 6itam raktapittaharam matam" (Dha ni )l

6rr{, qid-€rail qd flr+qn+,r€ft{Md€ftEi fuq{rvn, ri ({.i{ )

38u

[" Karamardah satiktamlo balo dipanadehakahPakvastridosasamanoJrucighnd visanasanah ' (Ra. nr. t l

"6{r{ T€wnai €""i enssrs-flqgnkq vt q*i og etg qcrst*( rr{q rtr{<q{ reqqriqTr+q r" t*.fr.)I" Karamardam gurusnamlam rucyam pittakaphrsrakrt

I,Jdvatajit saram pakvam laghu svadu kaphtsrajit

Suskam pakvavadapyamam pakvamapyardramamavat" {Kat.ni.)l

-6rr1s?t qrfqa frn4qcE1+{i ,Md q qrircvrr{ 16 rlr€l]4jefiri q a-{ei Ttu{ffiq r" f€1.fi.)["Karamardaphalam cardramamlam pittakaphapradamBh;danam cosnaviryam ca vatapra6amanar.n guruPakvaduskeJlpapitte ca tanmulam krminutsaram (So.ni.)l

Remarks: lh, karunur,)A,L dt\cr ibcJ in Bha\aprakasam untler

karamordadvayam (two varieties of kdramor.la\ rs Corissa spinarum Lint\.

an r l i n Ma lava lam i t t s knoun as .e r r r l f r r r .

389

Saf{lower, Bastard saffron

Kusum, Kusumba (5gc, Eig-{r)Kusubbi, Kasube (?)$a1. dxa?3)

Kuyiripu, Centr-rrakam (a,lonml' o.lo6tloa'o)

Kusumbah (tqR,)

Senturakam, Kusumba (Ge$grq sLir, gcnt'lbun )

AgniSikha, Kusumbha (ertn.D. snbo?))

C arthamus tinctorius Linn,Asteraceae : (rf{rw-go{)

[- tsnot -

Hin

j KanMal

bani Tamt -

l e l

L

Distribution: Cultivated in almost all the statcs of India

Thc planl: An erect branching annual herb 3G60 cm in height; leaves

subcrcct. oblonq. s!'ssilc. spinosely serrate: flowers yellowish or

orangc red in largc terminal heads; fruits smooth' obovoid'

4-angled achencsParts used: leaves. flowers' seeds

froporrioa "na

ut"s: The leaves are bittcr swcet' laxative' appetiser and

diuretic. and are useful in urorrhea and ophthalmopathy The flowers

arc bitter. liver tonic. diuretic. laxativc' expectorant' sedative and

emmcnagogue. They are useful in strangur-v' leprosy' inflammations'

t oitr, .in! *n.., tcibies. leucoderma' hacmorrhoids and bronchitis

Sced. ari'bitt"r' purgativc. carminativc' aphrodisiac' diuretic and

ionic. They nrc usetul in leucoderma' scabies' catarrh' pectoralgia'

oharvngor lvn ia. ar thr i t is and consl ipa l ion '' i i"i..i oir is used as a liniment in arthritis and as a dressing for

foul ulcers. Thc oil is reported to cause pruritus and eye diseases and

incrcases tridrxa

"TgEtl qle-" +drdft q€tasc( |

+gir RrdEi{RrEi etxqr*+ifrcl tt

i-fiii +t6dr ca<r r|gr r$r+tt alTI i (q f{ )

f"Kusumbham pavakar.n pitamalaktar.n vasttaranianam

Kausumbham syadvahni6ikhar.n vasttarafr iakasamjiitar.nTadbijam kilata latva 6uddha padmottara tatha" (Dha ni )l

390

--

Carthamus tinctorius !-t"'" ts I

f lowering twigs

-ai{iqd-q q.d { a i|RI qrtf-6r i (qlv.)

I"i("usumohaoiiam varata sa vai proxta varatika" (Bha pra )l

lwq *; €* (nft-trssn€\ rl

Siqto{oi q ffi 69+ 16 |ffi q ffi+q rdirqq-dwr{ ri (q.f{.)f'Kusumbham vatalam ruksam raktapittakaphapaham

Kusumbhatailamusnar.n ca vipake katukam guru

Vidahi ca vi6asena sarvadosaprakopa4am " Pha ni )l

'q{ret cg{r Rrtut r<tn-qctwr t

oqrqr rfi-ran 5S er€qi{ona ,,

qiqtocEi RlSEi 15 ffi€ s IqgqTcFtii qEd T4ifrn6q'r({ ll- (qlg )l"Varata madhura snigdha raktapittakaphapahakasaya 6itata gurvi syadvrwdnilapahaKusumbhatailamamlam syadusnam guru vidahi ca

Carsu"'vu."nitut ursvam raktapittakaphapradam " (Bha pfa I

"5;qi <rrdil 6sir ffi og4: qd: t

{dfq 6s .ftft-r{Cs ffi( tt

gsqgq ger5, ffiqri q qq61 t

Fsigui frTdqa +{rtqqqfiR6( ll

6s-iT{I6qAq og ilt r*frfr' t

wcqi qs{ +Jqgq 6g qq llqffiFil+r{srfr €-ai set 1t qq t

{t kr+i qrai 5<tmi rq ri (+r6irsvE)

lxusumono vatalo rukso vidahi katukah stft{. -Mutrakfcchrar.n kapham raktapittam caiva vinasayet

Kusumbhaouspam susvaduh tridosaghnar.n ca bhedakam

Ruksamusnam pittalaF ca kesarafljanakarakamKaohana6akaram caiva laghu ffoktam manisibhih

Kusumbhapatram madhurar.n netryamugnam katu smrta(n

Agnidiptikarar.n capi rucyaq rukgar.n guru smrtam

Siram pittaraiam cadam gudarogaharaF matar.n" (Vaidyakanighantu)l

Remarks: The safflowen are at times used as adulterants of saffron They can be

easily distinguished from real saffron by hot water treatment ln hot water

the safflower will re-expand and regain its original shape and its corolla can

be easily distinguished from the stylar tops of C/')ctd ralivllt'

393

APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS

achene a small dry one-seeded fruit developed from a superiorovary Pericarp and testa are free from one another

acicular needle shaped

acurninate tip drawn out into a narrow prolonged termination

acute trp forming an acute angle, without a special tapering

adhesion union of dissimilar parts

adnate anther fi lament is attached to the back of the anther throughout

adnate stlpule stipules become concrescent during growth wilh theleafbase or petiole

amplexicaul lobes clasping the stem

apetalous when the corolla or inner whorl ot perianth is not present

apocarpous ail carpels being free when the gynoecium consists of morethan one carpel

anl major or minor outgroMhs of various kinds which developfrom any part of the seed, funicle, integuments, chalaza ormrcropyle

aunculate ear shaped; two lobes oJ a sessile leaf partially overlappingthe stem

axile placentation placentae on which the ovules are borne being on the axisin the centre of the ovary

basal ovules attached to the base of the ovary

basil ixed the connective being less prominent and the fi lamentattached to the base ol the anther

berry a fleshy fruit with usually a massive, soft and juicy pericarpwhich is difierentiated into an outer epicarp and a massivefleshy mesocarp

bicarpellary with two carpels

bi'oliate wilh iwo leaflets

biiabiate with two projecting l ips

394

bipinnate rachis is once branched and bears secondary rachis onwhich the leaflets are borne

bracteate Jlower with a bract

bracteolate flowerwithbracteoles

bulbils small axil lary bulbs which become fleshy due to storage offood materials

caducous lall ing away early

carnpanulate bell shaped

capsule a dry dehiscent frui't lormed from a multicarpellarysyncarpous gynoecium dehiscing in a variety of ways

caryopsis an achene in which the fruit wall and seed coat are tusedwith one another

cauline leaves arising on the stem

circinate rolled up spirally like a watch spring from the apex to thebase

cirrhose tendril led apex

cohesion union of similar Parts

conduplicate leaves folded lengthwise along the midrib with the upperface within

connate the lobes of two opposite sessile leaves united at the node

cordate heart shaped. The base is rounded in forming a notch orsinus where the stalk is attached.

coriaceous tough and rigid, leathery

corymb a raceme relatively shorter and broade( the lower flowersbearing longer stalks relatively to the upper ones so that allthe flowers reach the same level

cremocarp a bicarpellary bilocular capsule derived from an inleriorovary which splits into two indehiscent one-seeded partsor mericarps attached to the common axis, carpophore

crenate teeth on the leaf margin rounded

crustaceous hard and brittle

395

cuneate wedge shaped, broad above and tapering by straight lines

to an acute base

cuspidate apex ends in a hard spine

cyathium a special type of cymose inllorescence reduced to look like

a single flower

cypsela an achene that develops from a bicarpellary inferioruniovulate ovary with the pericarp and testa free from one

another

deciduous lasting only lor a single season

decompound a general name applied to much or irregularly branched or

dissected leaves

decurrenl leat extending to a wing on the stem

decussate the successive pairs of leaves stand al right angles to oneanother

dentate margin with teeth direcled outwards, not towards the ap€x

ot the blade

diadelphous stamens united into two bundles

dichlamydeous with two whorls of perianth or complete

didynamous an androecium of tour stamens in two pairs, a pair ot short

and a Pair ot long stamens

dioecious unisexual flowers. The male and lemale flowers are present

in different Plants.

dorsifixed tip of the filament attached to the back of the anther aboutthe middle of it

drupe a fleshy fruit having its pericarp differentialed into outerepicarp, middle mesocarp and inner endocarp

ebracteate flower without a bract

ebracteolate flowerwithoutbracteoles

elliptic oblong but ends tapering towards both the ends

emarginate with a terminal notch

epicalyx a collection of bracteoles on the outside of the calyx

396

epigynous flower

epipetalous

exstipulate

lascicle

fistular

foliaceous

foliaceous stipules

foll icle

free central'

gamopetalous

gamosepalous

gtaDrous

glaucous

glumes

gynoDasrc

gynophore

hastate

head (capitulum)

helicoid

The receptacle is cup shaped and the ovary of thegynaecium is sunk inside it and the ovary and thereceptacle wall become tused. Calyx, corolla andandroecium are inserted above the top of the ovary.

concrescent with the corolla

leaves without stipules

a clustered form ol an inflorescence in which the flowersare short and crowded

hollow

large green and leaf-like

green and expanded leaf-like stipules that do the lunctionof assimilation

a dry dehiscent fruit developed from a single carpel(superior ovary) which dehisces from the ventral suture only

In a syncarpous unilocular ovary the ovules are borne on amound or column in the centre, at the base of the commonlocule, iree from the ovary walls

petals united

sepals united

surface smooth without any hair

covered with bluish waxy gloss

specialised bracts characteristic of the inflorescence of thegrasses and the sedges

arising from the base of the ovary

internode between the androecium and the gynaecium

with the two pointed lobes at the base stretching outhorizontally

inflorescence with a common receptacle bearing sessileflowers in a dense mass with the youngest to the centre

branching regularly to one side only

39'l

hesperidium a fruit lhat develops from a superior multicarpellarysyncarpous ovary. The fruit wall has outer glandular skin orepicarp, a middle Jibrous mesocarp and an Innermembranous endocarp and has iuicy hairs or outgrowthsfrom the placentae.

hispid covered with rough bristly hair

hypanthodium inllorescence axis hollowed into a cavity bearing a numberof flowers and having a narrow opening at the top

hypogynous flower calyx, corolla and androecium arranged in sequence belowthe gynaecium; the ovary is said to be superior.

imparipinnate with an odd leaflet at the end

interpetiolar stipule stipules lying between the petioles of opposile or whorledleaves so that they alternate with the latter

intrapetiolar stipules of lhe two sides of a leaf unite in the axil of a leafstipule and become axillary

involucre a collection or clusler of bracts usually surrounding acondensed inflorescence

lanceolate lance shaped

legume a dry dehiscent fruit developed from a monocarpellarysuperior ovary which dehisces by both the sulures

lianes large woody climbing or twining plants

ligule a scale at the upper end of leaf sheath

linear long and narrow

loculicidal a capsule where the carpels split down along their dorsalsutures opening into their locules

lomentum a pod oonstricted between the seeds breaking into one-seeded Parts

lyrate divided with a large terminal lobe

marginal in single carpels, the ovules are arranged along the lengthof the margin

monadelphous stamens form only a single bundle

monocarpellary containing a single carpel

398

I

monochlamydeous: with one whorl ol perianth or incomplete--apetalous, if thecorolla is not Present

monoecious flowers unisexual and both male and female flowerspresent in the same plant

mucronate abruptly tipped with a small and short point on a nearlystraight edge

multicarpellary containingmanycarpels

multifoliate or with several leafletsdigitate

nut a large dry indehiscent achene having woody hard pericarp

obcordate heart shaped at the lop

oblong nearly ell iptical, with sides more or less parallel ' endsblunted.2-4 times as long as broad

obovate inversely ovate

obtuse blunt t ip ending in a blunt or roundish extremity forming anobtuse angle

offset a stout and short runner-like branch which bends at the tipand gives rise to rosette of leaves above and roots below

orbicular circular or round in outl ine

ovate egg shaped; broad at the base and narrow at the tip

panicle a compound raceme or any repeatedly branchinginflorescence

papilionaceous corolla consisting oJ vexillum (two laterals), alae (wings' twopartially tused structures) and keel or carnia

pappus reduced to bristles or hairs

parallel venation veins and veinlets parallel

paripinnate with an even number of leallets

pendulous anther fi lament l lexible and hanging, carrying the anther at the topof it

pentacarpellary containingfivecarpels

399

pepo a baccate lruit developed from a tricarpellary syncarpousinferior ovary with parietal placentation. The epicarp is hardand the mesocarp fleshy.

parietal ovules are borne on the inner walls ol the ovary inunilocular syncarpous gynoecia

perfoliate lobes ot the sessile leaf fused together round the stem

perigynous flower receptacle concave or cup shaped, gynoecium situated atthe bottom of the cup, calyx, corolla and androecium arisetrom the rim of ihe cup of the receptacle

perisperm Persasting nucellus.

petaloid brightly coioured and serves to attract insects

pilose with soft scattered hair

pistillate only gynoecium is present

polypetalous petals free

polysepalous sepals tree

pome a fleshy faise fruit developed from a multicarpellarysyncarpous inferior ovary in which the receptacle alsodevelops along with the ovary to form fleshy edible part

pubescent covered with fine, soft hair

pulvinate swollen or cushion shaped

quadrifoliale with four leaflets

radical leaves all crowded together and springing from the level olthe ground

raceme a racemose inflorescence in which the main axis isunbranched and indefinite in growth, bearing pedicellateflowers

regular (actino- a llower In which the memb€rs in each whorl are similar tomorphic) one another, and can be divided in any plane into two

equal halves

reniform Jddney shaped

repano when the margin is wavy, slightly bending inward andoutward

400

III

reticulate venation ultimate branches of veins, forming a tine mesh or network

retuse broad tip and slightly notched

rugose ridged or wrinkled

sagittate arrow-shaped where the ear-like parts are acute and turneddownwards towards the stem, while the main body of thebiade tapers upwards to a point

samara a large winged achene

scabrous surface rough

scarious thin, dry, not green, stltf

scorpioid branching alternately to either side

septicidal a capsule that splits along the septa

septifragal a capsule may split either in a loculicidal or septicidalmanner but the septa break trom the outer walls of thecarpels and remain attached to the central axis with theseeds left in the centre of the fruit

serrale small and sharp teeth directed forward like the teeth of asaw, pointing to the tip of the blade

serrulate diminutive of serrate, and is equivalent lo minutely serrate

sheathing leaf base lorming a sheath round the stem

siliqua a dry dehiscent fruit developed from a bicarpellarysyncarpous superior ovary divided vertically into two loculiby a talse septum

simple pinnate a oice pinnate compound leaf possessing only a singleunbranched rachis on which the leaflets are borne

sorosis a multiple fruit that develops from a spicate inflorescence

spadix a tleshy spike usually enclosed by a spathe

spathe a large bract usually coldured and enclosing aninflorescence

spathulate spoon shaped

spike a raceme with sessile flowers

,101

ct inFl a chn'r le n{ 2 leaf let

stipulate leaves with stipules

stolon a prostrate or reclined branch which strikes root at its tipwhere it touches the ground and then develops anascending growth

succulent f leshy or spongy

sucker a short branch which arises commonly from a subterraneanstem from the axil of a scale leaf

superficial ovary multilocular and placentae spread over the surfaceof the partition walls bearing the ovules

syncarpous carpels united with one another

tomentose covered with cottony fell

tr icarpellary containingthreecarpels

trifoliate with three leallets

tripinnate secondary rachis of a pinnate compound leaf bearingtertiary rachii on which the leaflets are borne

truncate tip as if cut off by a straight transverse line

umbel a racemose inflorescence in which there is an extremereduction of the inflorescence axis

unifoliate a palmate compound leaf with a single leaflet joined to thepetiole

variegated multicoloured

versatile top of the filament delicate and the anther free to swing inall directions

verticillaster a special type of cymose inflorescence condensed andoccurring in the axils of a pair of opposite leaves forming afalse whorl at the node

whorled more than two leaves arise at a node

zygomorphic an irregular flower in which the members are so dissimilarto one another that the flower can be divided only into twoequal halves in one plane only

4m

APPENDIX B : GLOSSARY OF MEDICAL TERMS

abortifacient: an agent that induces abortion

abscess a localised collection of pus caused by suppuration in attssue

absorbent any agent which attracts and sucks up gases or secretionsfrom a wound

acne a term denoting an inflammatory disease occurring In oraround the sebaceous glands

acrid bit ing, pungent

agalactia absence or failure oJ secretiorfof milk

ague malaria

albuminuria the presence of serum albumin and serum globulin in theurine

alexipharmic antidote to poison

alexiteric proteclive to inJectious diseases

alopecia loss of hair - a malady in which the hair lalls from one ormore circumscribed round or oval areas, leaving the skinsmooth and white

alterative causing a favourable change in the disordered functions ofthe body or metabolism

amenorrhoea failureoJmenstruation

amenlia an arrest of the development of the mind from birth to earlyage

anaemia lack of enough blood causing paleness

analgesic an anodyne

anaphrodisiac having the power to lessen or inhibit sexual feeling

anasarca diffused dropsy in the skin and subcutaneous tissue

anodyne a medicine that allays pain

anorexia a condition of having lost the appetite for food

anthelmintic destroying or expell ing worms

403

antidote an agent which neutralises or opposes the action of apoison

antiemetic an agent that relieves vomiting

antil i thic an agent which prevents the formation of calculi orpromotes their dilution

antrpe(odic preventing the regular recurrence of a disease

antiphlogistic acting against heat or inflammation

antiprurit ic preventing or relieving itching

antrpyretic counteracting fever

antiscorbutic actingagainstscurvy

antiseptic a chemical steri l ising substance to kil l or controlpathogenic microbes

anuspasmodtc opposing spasms or convulsions

anuria complete cessation of the secretion and excretion of urine

aperient a laxattve or mild cathartic

aphrodisiac a drug which stimulates sexual desire

aphthae ulcer on the surface of a mucous membrane

apoplexy a sudden loss of consciousness

arthralgia pain in a joint

arthrit is inflammation ot a joint

ascites abnormal accumulation of f luid in the peritoneal cavity

aspnyxra inabil ity to breathe

atrophy wasting of a tissue or organ

balanitis a condition of inflammation ol the glans penis or of thegtans of clitoris

bechic anything which relieves or cures cough

beriberi a deficiency disease caused by imbalance of carbohydrateand vitamin B

104

blennorrhagia free discharge of mucus

bronchopathy any disease of the bronchi

bubo an rnflammatory swell ing of a lymph gland

cachexia depressed habit of mind

calculus a concretion formed in any part of the body usuall,compounds of salts of organic or inorganic acids

caletacient a remedy which gives rise to a sensation of warmth

calmative sedative

carbuncle an infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue byStaphylococcus aureus

caronoma a matrgnant epithelial tumour eventually becoming fatal

cardiodynia pain.in the region of the heart

cardiopalmus palpitation of the heart

cardiopathy a morbid condition of the heart

carmrnative drugcuringflatulence

cataplexy a conditron marked by abrupt attacks of muscularweakness

cataract opacity in the crystall ine lens of the eye which may bepantat or comptete

catarrh inflammation of a mucous membrane, usually associatedwith an increase in the amount of normal secretion ofmucus

cathadrc having the power of cleansjng the bowels - purgative

cephalalgia headache

cephalic a remedy lor disorders of the head

cephalopathy any disease of the head

cerebropathy any disorder of the brain

cholagogue a drug which causes increased iow of bile into theIntestine

405

cholera a severe infectious epidemic disease due lo Vibrio choleme

cirrhosis a general term meaning progressive fibrous tissue

overgrowth in an organ

colic a severe spasmodic griping pa'n

colit is inflammation ot lhe colon

collyrium an eye-salve or eye-wash

colonalgia Pain in the colon

colonitis inflammation of the colon

colonorrhagia haemorrhage from the colon

colonorrhea a mucous discharge from the colon

colpit is inflammation oi the vagina

colpoptosis prolapse of the vaglna

colporrhagia haemorrhage from the vagina

coma the state of complete loss of consciousness

conjunctivit is inflammationoftheconiunctlva

consumption pulmonary tuberculosls

contraceptive any agent or device used to prevent conception

convulsion a violent involuntary contraction of the skeletal musculature

corn a small circ,lmscribed painful horny growth

coxalgia Pain in the hip

coxitis inJlammation ot the hip joinl

croup any condition caused by respiratory obstruction

cystalgia pain in the urinary bladder

cystitis inflammation of a bladder' especially the urinary bladder

cystodynia cystalgra

cystorrhea mucous discharge from the bladder

406

dandruff dead scarf-skin separating in small scales and entangled in

the hair

demulcent soolnlng

dental caries decay of teeth

dentalgia toothache

dentifrice any l iquid, paste or powder used for cleansing the teeth

deobstruent relievingorremovingobstruction

deodorant removing the odour

depurative an agent that purif ies blood

dermatopathy any skin disorder

dermatophytosis a superficial infection ol the skin caused by a fungus

desiccating depriving of moisture

diaphoresis sweatlng

diaphoretic a drug which induces perspiration

diphtheria a specific infectious disease caused by virulent strains ot a

bacil lus

disinfectant havlng a lethal efJect upcn germs

diuretic promoting the flow ol urine

dizziness any sensation of imbalance of a stable relationship with the

immediate envlronment

dropsy an excessive accumulation of clear or watery fluid in any or

the tissues or cavities of the bodY

dysmenorrhoea diffrcultorpainfulmenstruation

dysopia defective vlsron

dyspnoea diff iculty in breathing

dyspepsia indigestron

dysphonia diif iculty or paln in speaKrng

dystocia diff icult Partu(tlon

107

dysuria diff iculty or pain while passing urine

eclampsia an attack of convulsion associated with hypertension inpregnancy

eczema a noncontagious inflammatory disease of the Skin withmuch itching and burning

elephantiasis gross lymphatic oedema of the l imbs leading tohypertroPhy

elixir a drug capable of prolonging l ife indefinitely

embrocate to morsten and rub

emetic causing vomiting

emmenagogue medicine intended to restore the menses

emollient softening

emphysema inflation, swell ing

empyema accumulation of pus in a body cavity

encephalit is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord due to infection

encephalopathy anydegenerativebraindisease

enuresis involuntary voiding of urine

epilepsy an atfection of the nervous system resulting from excesstveor disordered discharge of cerebral neurons

epistaxis bleeding from the nose

errhine an agent causing increased nasal discharge

erysipelas an inflammatory disease generally aftecting the facemarked by a bright redness of the skin

expectorant aiding the secretion of the mucous membrane of the atrpassages and the removal of f luid by spitt ing

febrifuge an),thing which reduces fever

fi lariasis inlection with fi larial nematode worms

tistula in ano an open channel from the anus or rectum to the skin nearthe anus

flatulence presence of excessive gas in the stomach or intestine

40tt

ltenzy violent temporary mentai derangement

galaclagogue medicine that promotes secreticn of milk

galactorrhea excessive or spontaneous flow of milk

gangrene necrosis and putrefaction of t issue due to lack of blood

suPPlY

gastralgia Pain in the stomach

gastrodynia gastralgia

gastroenteritis inflammation of the mucous coat of the stomach andintestine due to bacterial inJection

gastrohelcosis ulceration of the stomach

gastromegaly enlargement of the stomach

gastropathy any disease of the stomach

germicidal causingdestructionofmicro-organisms

qingivit is intlammation of the gingival margins around the teeth

accompanied by swell ing and bleeding

glaucoma a term signifying Increased intraocular pressure and its

consequences

gleet chronic discharge of thin mucus from the vagrna

glycosuria excrelion ol sugar in the urine

goitre enlargement of the thyroid gland

gonorrhoea an inflammatory disease of the genitourinary passages

characterised by pain and discharge

gout a disease of purine metabolism characterised by attacks of

arthritis with an associated raised level of serum uric acid

gripe a sharp Pain in the stomach

haematemesis vomiting of blood

haematuria the presence of blood in the urine

haemoptysis spitting of blood

haemorrhoid a bleeding Pile

409

haemostatic

ha l tos is

helminthiasis

hematorrhea

nemrcranta

hemiplegia

hepatit ls (viral)

hepatodynra

hepatomegaly

nepalopalny

neparosrs

neparargra

nernra

herpes

nyoragogue

nyorocere

hydrophobia

hyperadenosis

hyperdipsia

hyperdiuresis

hyperemesrs

hyperhidrosis

hyperorexra

hyperprax,a

4 1 0

sryprc

offensive odour of the breath

morbrd state due to infestation with worms

coprous naemorrnage

headache confined to one side

paralysis of one side of the body

inflammation of the l iver; jaundice

pain in the l iver

enlargement of the l iver

any disease of the l iver

downward displacement of the l iver

pain in the l iver

the protrusion of an internal organ through a defect in thewall of the anatomical cavity in which it l ies

intlammation of the skin or mucous membrane withclusters of deep seated vesicles

promoting expulsion of water or serum

a circumscribed collection of f luid in the tunjca vaginalistestis

exaggerated fear of water as in rabies

proliferation of glandular t issue

intense thirst of relalively brief duration

excessive secrelion of urine

excessive vomiting

excessrve persprratron

exceSsive appetite

abnormal activity; restlessness

it

It

iiI

hypertension high arterial blood pressure

hyperthermia a very high body temperature

hypochondriasis a state ol mind in which the sufferer is much preoccupiedwith his health

hypotension a {all in blood pressure below the normal level

hypothermia greatlydecreasedtemperature

hysteria a neurotic disorder wrth varying symptoms

impetigo an inflammation of lhe skin associated with discretevesicles due to streptococcal infection

impotence inability to perlorm the sexual act due to failure of the reflexmecnanrsm

insecticide any agent which kil ls or destroys insects

insanity mental disease of a grave kind

insomnia the condition of being unable to sleep

intoxication general condition which results following the absorptionand diffusion in the body of a soluble poison

lactifuge retarding or causing cessation of the secretion ot milk

laryngitis inflammation of the larynx

laxative having the action of loosening the bowel

lentigo a brownish or yellowish spot found on the skin, most oftenon the hands, arms or face often caused by exposure tosunlrght

leucoderma any white area on the skin

leucorrhoea an abnormal mucous discharge from the vagina

leukaemia blood cancer

lithiasis the lormation of calculus ol any kind

linthontriptic an agent that effects the dissolution of a calculus

lumbago pain in mid or lower back

malignant threatening l ife or tending to cause death

411

mammill it is intlammation ol the nipple

maturate to bring to maturlty

melalgia Pain in the l imbs

melancholia a mental i l lness in which the predominant symptom ismelancholy, depression ol spirits, unhappiness and misery

menolipsis temporarycessationofmenstruation

menorrhagia excesiveorprolongedmenstruation

menostasis amenorrhoea

metropathy any uterine disease

metroptosis prolapse of the uterus

metrorrhagia uterine bleeding, usuaily ot normal amount occurrrng atcompletely irregular intervals, the period of flow sometimesbeing Prolonged

metrorrhea abnormal uterine discharge

micturition the ac'l of passing urlne

migraine a periodic condition with localised headaches, frequentlyassociated with vomiting and sensory dislurbances

morbid belonging or relating to disease

mumps epidemic parotitis' an acute infectious disease caused by a

virus

myalgia muscular Pain

mydriasis dilatation of the Pupil

mydrialic a drug that dilates the pupil

myringitis inllammation of the tympanic membrane

narcotic a drug that induces sleep

nasitis inflammation of the nose

nauseanl an agent that causes nausea

nephralgia Pain in the kidney

412

nephrit is inflammation of the kidneys

nephrolithiasis presence of renal calcull

nephropathy disease of the kidneys

neuralgia a painful affection of the nerves due to functionaldisturbances or neurit is

neurasthenia nervous debrlity

notalgia pain in the back

nyctalopia night blindness

obesity an excessive accumulation of fat in the body

odontalgia toothache

odontopathy any disease ot the teelh

oleaginous oily, greasy

opacrty an opaque or non-Iransparenl area

ophthalmia a term usually applied to conjunctivit is

opthalmitis inflammation of the eye ball

cphthalmodynia pain in the eye

ophthalmopathy any disease of the eye

orchialgia pain in the testis

orchrooathy any drsorder of the testis

orchitis inflammation of the testjs characterised by hypertrophyand Pain

ostalgia pain in the bones

osteomalacia softening ot the bones, resulting from vitamin D deticiency

^ f , l d i . ^ . ' n ' ^ t h a a a r

otopathy any disease ol the ear

otopyorrhea purulent discharge from the ear

pancreatit is inflammation of the pancreas

413

paraplegia stroke affecting one side

parkinsonism Parkinson's disease - a disease characterised by rigidity olmuscles and tremor oI the hands

pectoral effective in diseases of the chest

pectoralgia Pain in the chest

pertussis whooping cough

pharyngitis intlammation of the mucous membrane and underlyingpart of the Pharynx

pharyngodynia pain in the Pharynx

pharyngopathy any disease of the pharynx

phthisis any wasting disease in which the whole body or part of thebody is involved

pneumonia a general disease in which the essential lesion is aninllammation ol the spongy tissue of the lung withconsolidation of the alveolar exudale

pneumonitis inflammation of lung tissue

pneumonopathy any disease oJ the lungs

pneumonosis any lung disorder

pneumorrhagia aseverehaemoptysis

poliomyelitis an acute intlammation ot the anterior horn cells ol thespinal cord due to an enterovirus inJection

poultice a soft mush prepared by various substances with oily orwatery fluids

procreant the drug which begets

proctalgia Pain in the rectum

proctitis intlammation of the rectum

proctoptosis prolapse of the rectum

prophylactic pertaining to the prevention of the development of adlsease

prurigo an eruption of the skin causing severe itching

41,4

pruritus

psonasls

psoriasis Plantaris

psychoPathY

ptyalrsm

pyrexia

pyorrhoea

rachralgra

radiculalgia

radiculit is

ramttrs

reclargra

rectitrs

refrigerant

renal calcull

renopathy

resolvenr

restorative

resuscllallve

retrnitrs

revulslve

rheumarthrit is

rheumatalgla

rhinalgra

rhinrtis

itchrng

a condition characterised by the eruption of circumscribed

discrete and conlluent reddish' silvery scaled lesions

psoriasis ol the sole

any disease ol the mlnd

excessive secretion of saliva

a condition characterised by the presence ol pus

a discharge ol PUS

pain in the vertebral column

neuralgia of the nerve roots

inflammation of spinal nerve roots

inflammation of a nerve root

proctalgia

Proctitrs

coolrng

calculi relating to kidneY

any disease of the kidney

causing resolution of a tumour or swell ing

having the power to restore or renew health

the act ot restoring to life

inflammation of the retina

causing revulsion in drawing away of blood fron' a

pathological area to anolner area

rheumatoid arthrit is

rheumatic Pain

pain in the nose

inflammation of lhe nasal mucous membrane

4 1 5

rhinodynia pajn in the nose

rhinopathy any disease of the nose

rhinorrhagia copious haemorrhage from the nose

rickels a disturbance of the calcium/phosphorus metabolismwhich occurs in lhe growing child as a result of vitamin Ddeficiency

roborant a strengthening agent

sarcocele tleshy swell ing or tumour of the testis

scabies sarcoptic infeslation of the human skin particularly acontagious skin disease caused by invasion of theePidermis

scald the lesion caused by contact with a hot l iquid or vapour

scalding of urine severe burning sensation during micturit ion

sclerit is inflammation ol the sclera

scrofula tuberculous cervical adenitis with or without ulceration

scurvy a deficiency disease due to lack of Vitamin C

sialogogue an agent that increases the flow of saliva

sinovii is inllammation of the synovial membrane of a joint

sinusitis inllammation affecting the mural epithelium ot a sinus

somatalgia body Pain

somnifacient causing sleep

somnolence sleepiness

soporif ic inducing sleep

spanomenorrhea scanlymenstruation

splenalgia pain in the spleen

splenitis inflammation of the spleen

splenohepato- enlargement of spleen and livermegalY

416

splenomegaly enlargement ot the spleen

sprenopathy any disease of the spleen

stomachalgia pain in the sromacn

Stomatalgia pain jn the mourn

stomatrtjs generalised inflammation ot the oral mucosa

stomatopathy any disorder of the mouth

stomatorrhagia haemorrhage from the mouth

sryptrc having the power to arrest bleeding

suppurattve pus forming

syphil js a contagious venereal disease

reranus an infective disease due to the toxins of Clostridium tetani

thermoplegia sun stroke

tonsil it is inflammation of the tonsil

toxaemia the condition of general poisoning caused by the enrranceof soluble bacterial toxins into the blood

trauma a pathological alteration of the supporting tissu€s ol atooth due to abnormal occlusion

trichogenous stimulating the growth of hair

ulemorrhagia bleeding from the gums

utttts inflammation of the gums

ulocace ulceratjon of the gums

urorrnagra free haemorrhage from the gums

urorrnea bleeding from the gums

urelcosis ulceration of the urinary tract

ureteralgia pain In the ureter

Llretentts lnflammation of the ureter

urethntrs inllammation of the urethra

417

urethrorrhagra

urethrorrhea

urocyst

urocystit is

urodynra

uro-oedema

urolithiasis

uropathy

urorrhagra

urorrhea

uroschesrs

urtrcana

ulerargra

uteritis

vagini't is

vaginodynia

vagrnoparny

vermituge

vermrnosls

vertigo

vestcal

vrscerome9aly

wart

flow of blood from the urethra

abnormal drscharge from the urethra

the urinary bladder

inflammation of the urinary bladder

pain on urination

oedema due to infi l lration of urine

urinary calculi

any disease ot the urinary tract

excessive secrelion of urine

involuntary flow of urine

retention of urine

nettle rash

pain in the uterus

in{lammation of the uterus

inflammation of the vagina

pain in the vagina

any disease of the vagina

a drug that expels worms

helminthiasis

dizziness

referring to the urinary bladder

abnormal enlargement of the viscera

a circumscribed cutaneous excrescence

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