india nuclear weapon programs ppt
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This is the powerpoint presentation for class of nonproliferation and weapons of mass destruction.TRANSCRIPT
India
Overview of India’s International
RelationshipsOverview of India’s Domestic Political StatusOverview of India’s Nuclear Programs
PastPresent
India’s Participation in International Nuclear Nonproliferation Programs and Arms Control Agreements
Key Nuclear Nonproliferation ProblemRecommendation
India’s Foreign Relations FRIENDS
The Russian Federation IsraelAfghanistanNepalBhutanThe United KingdomThe United States Japan ItalyTajikistan
QatarSouth AfricaBrazilMexicoSouth KoreaTaiwanThe Persian GulfMost of the African
Union
India’s Foreign Relations
ENEMIES
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Nepal
India’s Foreign Relations
ALLIENCES
Russia
Israel
The United States
India’s Foreign Policy
Cold War period
allies
Panchsheel-pragmatism
National interests
Domestic consensus
goals
The Look East Policy
India Form of Government
Union Government
Executive Branch- the President, Vice President, Prime
Minister, and the Council of Ministers
Parliament (Legislative)- two houses: Rajya Sabha
(Council of State), and Lok Sabha (House of the People)
Judicial Branch- the Supreme Court under the Chief
Justice of India, twenty-one High Courts, and many trial
courts
The Constitution of India
Stability of Government
Democracy
Indian National Congress (INC)
Political parties in India: the INC, the Bharatiya
Janata Party (BJP), and the Communist Party of
India (CPI)
India's Nuclear Programs
PAST
Foundation of India's nuclear program
August 1947- three stage nuclear program
May 18, 1974 (“Smilling Buddha”)
1977-79- program put on hold
1998 ("Operation Shakti")
Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement
India's Nuclear Programs
PRESENT-The most recent figures
Plutonium
Estimates of warheads
November 2008- 70 assembled nuclear warheads
(~50 fully operational)
end of 1999- 310 kilograms of weapon grade
plutonium
4,200 kg of reactor grade plutonium=ability to build
1,000 nuclear weapons
Purpose of the Nuclear Program
“Following the successful nuclear tests in May 1998 at
Pokharan, implementation of the program to meet the
national policy of credible minimum nuclear deterrence
in terms of necessary research and development as
well as manufacture, is being pursued.”
2005- India officially defensive
Bottom line- For defense and deterrence. Nuclear
weapons is a global not a regional problem.
India's Nuclear Doctrine
“possible Indian Nuclear Doctrine”- January 2003India “will not be the first to initiate a nuclear
strike, but will respond with punitive retaliation should deterrence fail.”
The doctrine calls for nuclear forces based on a “triad of aircraft, mobile, land-based missiles, and sea-based assets.”
May use weapons against a non nuclear weapons country if attacked by chemical or biological weapons.
Bottom Line: Peaceful, but real
Aircraft and Missile Capability
Ballistic missiles include the short-range Prithvi and the medium-range Agni.
Medium range Agni II has a declared range of 2,000 to 2,500 kilometers.
Despite ballistic missiles, its probable delivery platforms remain its fighter-bomber aircraft.
Options include Mirage 2000, MiG-27, MiG-29, Su-30, and Jaguar aircraft.
Bottom Line-until 2010 fighter-bomber aircraft only feasible option (confirmed by the Indian Air Force)
List of all their missilesSRBM
Agni-I Prithvi-I Prithvi-II Prithvi-III Dhanush
MRBM Agni-II
IRBM Agni-III
ICBM Agni-IV Agni 3SL Surya-I Surya-II
SSBM Shaurya
SLBM Sagarika
ASM Popeye
SAM Akash
Cruise Missile BrahMos-I (supersonic) BrahMos-II
(hypersonic) Nirbhay (subsonic) P-270 Moskit
(supersonic)
Agni II Agni III
Dhanush Shaurya
AkashBrahMos
Biological and Chemical Weapons Capability
India might conduct research on biological warfare defenses (stated by U.S. intelligence)
June 1997-India publicly admitted to pursuing an offensive chemical warfare capability for the first time
Under the chemical Weapons Convention, India has pledged to destroy all its chemical agents
Bottom Line- Because India has a sizable indigenous chemical industry, its activities and sales could remain a cause for concern.
Treaties and OrganizationsCHEMICAL WEAPONS
CONVENTION (CWC)BIOLOGICAL AND TOXICAL
WEAPONS CONVENTION (BTWC)
Partial Test Ban Treaty-October 1963
Nuclear Suppliers Group- September 2008
Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)
International Atomic Energy Agency (2008-2009)
Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement
Antarctic Treaty- August 19, 1983
Outer Space Treaty (Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies)
Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)
Treaties and Organizationscont.
India is not a member of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) or a signatory of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treat (CTBT).
It conducted a test of a “peaceful” nuclear device in 1974 and five tests of nuclear weapons in May 1998.
not signed the FMCT (Fissile Material Cutoff treaty)
Bottom Line: Peaceful, but not part of NPT or CTBT
India’s Key Nonproliferation Issue
The Problem:India is not willing to sign the Non-Proliferation
Treaty.
India, as a one of the member of the United Nations, after many decades in debates with different countries, still declines to sign the treaty. What would be a solution to convince India Government to sign the treaty?
Optional SolutionsOPTION #1:
Give India a seat in the Security Council
OPTION #2:Have China and India sign a bilateral arms
agreement
OPTION #3:Have India under the US nuclear umbrella