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India in the Making of Europe

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Page 1: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

India in the Making of Europe

Page 2: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Focus on the Practical

Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and

concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the Application in Europe of

Indian Mathematics, Science, technology and Socio-Political Ideas.

Page 3: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Geographical Definitions of India and Europe

India Easy Europe More Difficult

Page 4: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

‘Europe’ as Cultural Entity

Created by Islam. Byzantium and Western EuropeTwo largest fragments Fancy Name For Christendom

Page 5: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Three Gifts

Amir Khusro Chess Panchatantra (Fables) (Arabic)Numbers

Page 6: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Mathematics

Greek Disaster Mesopotamian and Egyptian superior

numbers, possibility of fractions and irrationals.

Platonic (Euclidian) geometry semi-religious, hostility to empiricism.

Cult of “Proof” axioms, deduction. Indian drew on Greek but also on

Mesopotamian “position.”

Page 7: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Indian (Arabic) Numbers

Indian invention of zero Al Khwarizim,780-850 Algebra Egypto-Greek Geometry, Arabic Algebra Aral Sea, Uzbekistan Fibonacci Christian Resistance to “Infidel” numbers

Page 8: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Indian Astronomy, Trigonometry Ptolemy 2nd Century ? Aryabhatta 3rd Century Bhaskara (I) 6th Century Origin of “sine” Sanskrit Jya-ardha (Chord half) Jya Arabic jiba/jaib “bay” Latin sinus

Page 9: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Indian Mathematical Tradition Bhaskara II 12th Century Decline After Muslim Conquest Kerala School Madhava Infinite Series Series of Inverse tangent, Power series of sine and cosine Suspicion of “proof”

Diffusion, Independent invention Complexity, Arbitrary nature,

Page 10: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Transmission from Cochin to Rome

Jesuit College in Cochin 1552 Sanskrit, Malayalam Christopher Clavius 1537-1610 Reformed mathematics Problems with Calendar Reform Navigation Vasco da Gama Mercator Matteo Ricci 1552-1610

Page 11: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

European mathematical breakthroughs of 17th century

Descartes, Co-ordinate geometry Fermat, Diophantos Infinite Series Bhaskara Calculus, Newton, Leibniz

Page 12: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Technology

12

Page 13: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Sun Kings

Akbar, (1542-1605) Mogul Louis XIV (1638-1715) Cardinal Mazarin 1602-1661

Page 14: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Politics 2 Caste and Race

Vrna Colour François Bernier, John Locke “New Division of the Earth by the

different species or races that inhabit it” 1684 Code Noir 1685

Page 15: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Politics 3 Religious Toleration

François Bernier, John Locke A Letter Concerning Toleration 1689 Pierre Bayle India/China

Page 16: India in the Making of Europe. Focus on the Practical Not on Spiritual Nor on straight exploitation and concentration of Wealth in Britain But on the

Politics 3 Religious Toleration

François Bernier John Locke Pierre Bayle

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