Index

advocacy, victim, 292-3,298-9 America, see USA Anttila, Inkeri, and conventional crimes,

5; on victim policy, 237-45 Antunes,G.E.,etal., 176 Aristotle, 198 Arthurs, Sheila, 261n Aquinas, S1. Thomas, see St. Thomas

Aquinas Ash,M., 297 Austin, John, 203 Australia, burglary rate in, 129

BCS, see British Crime Survey, the BJS (Bureau of Justice Statistics), 55,72,

74,249 BSSR (Bureau of Social Science

Research), 74,81,84 Bachrach, P. and M. Baratz, 308 Bailar, Barbara A., 100; etal, 101, 102,

104 Bailey, Leroy, etal., 101-2 Baltimore, 90,100--1,103,109 Baluss, M., 292 Balvig,F., 27 Banfield, E., 312 Baratz, M.,see Bachrach, P., and M.

Baratz Bard,M., 38 Batawia, 26 Baumer, T. L. and D. R. Rosenbaum,

174 Becker, T. M., see Dubow, Fred, andT.

M.Becker Bellagio, 267 Bentham, Jeremy, 203 Benyi, J.,see Ziegenhagen, E., andJ.

Benyi Berger, P., 37-8; andT. Luckman, 49

Bertrand, Francine, 261n Biderman, Albert D., 83,85,87,91,108,

246,251; and AlbertJ. Reiss, Jr, 66, 102;etal., 74,76,81, 84, 87,96,99, 119, 180; see also Crawford, Elizabeth T., and Albert D. Biderman

Bieck, William H., 71 Biles, David, see Braithwaite, John and

David Biles Black, DonaldJ. and Albert J. Reiss, Jr,

75 Block, Richard, 129 Blumstein, Alfred, and Gary C. Koch,

54 B!ildal, Kare, 25 Bottomley,A. K., andC. Coleman, 210 Boyte,H., 312 Bradburn, Norman M., see Sudman,

Seymour, and Norman M. Bradburn Brady,J., 312 Braithwaite, John, and David Biles, 147 Britain, Great, victim services in, 11-12,

223; in seventeenth century, 36; crime statistics in, 57,69; victimization surveys in, 96,210, 247; see also England; Scotland; Wales

British Columbia, 46 British Crime Survey, the (BCS), 38,62,

117-31,140,144,147 Brown, S. D. andM. Yantzi, 220 Buchenwald, 26 Buder,L., 306 Bureau of Justice Statistics, see BJS Bureau of Social Science Research, see

BSSR burglary, risk of, 141-2; victims of,

211-16, 220; NCS and, 251 Burns, P., 223 Bushery, John M., see Woltman, HenryF.

323

324 Index

CICB (Criminal Injuries Compensation Board), 223--7, 230

Cadek, Glenn, see Woltman, Henry F. and Glenn Cadek

Cahalan, Don, 102 Calgary, 272 Canada, fear of crime in, 6; and Justice

for Victims of Crime Initiative, 40-2, 46,261,263--4,279-80,284; victim movements in, 41-7,261-88; crime statistics in, 53--76, 129,247; recollection of victimization in, 86; victimization surveys in, 117,122

Cannavale, Jr, FrankJ., 55 Cannell, Charles F., etal., 97,101 capture-recapture statistical models, 67;

see also statistics, nature of Carothers, A. D., 67 Cantor, David, see Cohen, Lawrence E.

and David Cantor Carter, RonaldL. and Kim Q. Hill, 147 Castellano, Thomas C., see Sampson,

RobertI. and Thomas C. Castellano Catlin, Gary and Susan Murray, 86,100 Center for Research on Criminal Justice,

306,311 Chappell, D., 303 Chesney, S. and C. Schneider, 292 Chicago, 172 Chinkin, C. and R. Griffiths, 216 Christie, Nils, and victim groups, 6; on

the concept of victim, 17-29; on concentration camp guards, 26; and mediation programs, 299, 311; Limits to Pain, 29, 242

Christie, Vigdis, 17n Cicero, 198 Clarke, R. V. G. andM. J. Hough, 210 Clausen,AageR., 102 Cleveland, 144 Clinard,M. andR. Quinney, 301 Cloward, R., see Piven, F. and R.

Cloward Cohen, Lawrence E. and Marcus Felson,

135-9, 149; and David Cantor, 141-2;et al.,141

Coleman, C., see Bottomley, A. K. andC. Coleman

Commission on Victim Witness Assistance, 292-3

community, the, as a moral territory, 35-7; see also social control

Community service programs, 3 compensation, 291,297-8,304,306-8;

see also CICB

Conklin, J. E., and effects of victimization, 10-11; on fear of crime, 178--9,185

Cooley, c., 44 Cormack, R. M., 67 Corrado, Raymond, etal., 143,147 Cowan, Charles D., 107 Crawford, Elizabeth T. and Albert D.

Biderman, 251 crime, responses to, 156-65; fear of,

167-86 Crime Commission, the (US), 167 crime control, funding for, 4; see also

crime prevention; criminal policy crime prevention, funding for, 4 crime rates, 32,66-76,293,299; see also

statistics, nature of Crime Victims Compensation Board, 29~

Criminal Injuries Compensation Board, seeCICB

criminal justice, victims and, 191-232; and victim services, 290-313

criminal policy, and 'law and order' movements, 2-3; and punishment, 4; and victim policy, 237-45; see also offender

crisis intervention, 292,298 Crossley, 33 Current Population Survey, 77n Currie, E., 309-10 Curtis, L. , 305, 309

Dahl, Tove Stang, 17n Danzig, R., 299; andM. Lowy, 312 Davis, R., 293; andF. Dill, 297 Dayton, 83,106 Denmark, 241 Department of National Defence

(Canada), 41 deviance, and definition of crime, 31-9 Dewey,J., 31 Dijk,Jan van, and fear of injury, 6; Mike

Hough and, 117n; on response to crime, 156-65; and Karl Steinmetz,117, 125,247

Dill, F. see Davis, R. and F. Dill Dodge, Richard W., 90,92,107; and

Harold R. Lentzner, 101; see also Yost, Linda R. and Richard W. Dodge

Doerner, W. G., 298,304; andS. P. Lab, 225; see also Silverman, S. and W. G. Doerner

Douglas, J., 37 Dubow, Fred, 178; and Theodore M. ,

Index 325

Becker, 297 Duff, Peter, 210 Durant, H., 35 Durkheim, Emile, 178-9,185 Dussich, J., 292,295,297-9,305,312

Edelhertz, H. and G. Geis, 295 Edelman, M. 303 Edmonton, 100,272 education, as factor in victimization

definition, 95-6,119-21 Eisenstein, J. and H. Jacob, 297 El-Khorazaty, M. N. etal., 67 Elias, Robert, and 'law and order'

movements, 2-4; and victim services, 4,11-12,290-313

Elmila, 266 England, victim services in, 11-12,266;

violent victimization in, 117-31; lifestyle/victimization correlations in, 143; see also Britain, Great

Ennis, Philip, 83 Evans, John and Gerald Leger, 247

FBI (Federal Bureau ofInvestigation), 77n, 169,247

Falck, Sturla, 17n Farnworth, Margaret, see Thornberry,

Terence P. and Margaret Farnworth Fattah, Ezzat A., on victim movements,

1-14; Nils Christie and, 17n Feinberg, S. E., 67 Felson, Marcus, see Cohen, Lawrence E.

and Marcus Felson Ferracuti, F., see Wolfgang, Marvin E.

andF. Ferracuti Ferri,E., 203 Finland, 241-2 Foucault, Michel, 200 Fowler, F. J.,JrandT. W. Mangione,

177 Friedman, D., 292,297-9,312 Furstenberg, F. N., Jr 171,180-1 Fyfe, James, 70

Galaway,B., 291,298 Gallup Poll, 33,168,170 Gandhi, Mahatma, 194-5 Gaquin,D., 169 Garofalo, James, and offender/victim

stereo-typing, 8; on lifestyle/ victimization correlation, 135-52; and perceptions of crime, 150; and fear of crime, 174, 177; and

J. Laub, 175 Gattuso Holman, N., 298 Geis, G., see Edelhertz, H. and G. Geis Germany, 37,96,244 Gewirth, Alan, 287 Gottfredson, Michael R., 139 Graham, Dorcas, 104 Gray, Percy G., 91 Green, C., 172, 180-2 Griffiths, R.,seeChinkin, C. and R.

Griffiths Groves, Robert M., 97-9 Gutierrez, L., see Shapiro, C. and L.

Gutierrez

HBM (Health-Belief Model), 182-3 Hague, The, 159,163 Harris Poll, 168-9 Health-Belief Model, see HBM Heinz, A. and W. Kerstetter, 298 Hill, Kim Q. , see Carter, Ronald L. and

KimQ. Hill Himelfarb,Alex, 177n Hindelang, MichaeIJ., 107,146; and

Travis Hirschi and Joseph G. Weis, 77n, 123;etal., Victims of Personal Crime: an Empirical Foundation for a Theory of Personal Victimization, 135-6,138,146,170-1

Hirschi, Travis, see Hindelang, Michael J. and Travis Hirschi and Joseph G. Weis

Hofrichter, R.,see Vaughn, J. and R. Hofrichter

Holmes, W., 203 Hough, J. M., see Clarke, R. V. G. and J.

M.Hough Hough, Mike, and offender/victim

stereotyping, 8; on BCS, 117-31,144, 147; and Pat Mayhew, 62,117,129,147, 247,256-7

Howley,J., 211-12,214-5,220

Iceland, 241 interviewer effects, on victimization

surveys, 100-2

Jacob, H., see Eisenstein, J. and H. Jacob John Howard Society, 44 Justice for Victims of Crime Initiative

the, 40-2,46,261,263-4,279-80,284

Kalish, Carol B., 83,106 Katosh, John P., see Traugott, Michael

W. and John P. Katosh Kelly, D., 211,214-15,220

326 Index

Kerstetter, W., see Heinz, A. and W. Kerstetter

Klecka, William R. and Alfred Tuchfarber, 99; see also Tuchfarber, Alfred and William R. Klecka

Knudten,R.D.,etal., 214 Kobrin, Solomon and Leo Scheurman,

256 Koch, Gary c., see Blumstein, Alfred and

Garyc. Koch Krasnich, M. R.,seeThorvaldson, S. A.

and M. R. Krasnick Krisberg, B., 305

Lab, S. P., see Doerner, W. G. andS. P. Lab

Lamborn, L., 301 Langworthy, Robert, see Sherman,

Lawrence and Robert Langworthy Laub, J. see Garofalo, James and J. Laub Lavrakas,PauIJ., 80n, 172-3, 177, 181-3 Law Enforcement Assistance

Administration, 265,270,306 Leger, Gerald, see Evans, John and

Gerald Leger Lehnen, Robert G. and AlbertJ. Reiss,

Jr, 110 Lentzner, Harold R. , see Dodge, Richard

W. and Harold R. Lentzner . Lewis, D. A., 178; and G. Salem, 176;

and M. Maxfield, 177 lifestyles, and victimization, 135-52 London, 90,109 London (Ontario), 272-3 Louisiana, 295 Lowy, M., see Danzig, R. and M. Lowy Luckman, T. see Berger, P. and T.

Luckman

MRA (Marriage Registration Area), 77n McCabe, S. and F. Sutcliffe, 211 McDermott, M. Joan, 146 McDonald, W., 297 McIntyre,J., 10 McKnight, D., 298 MacLeod, Linda, 261n Maguire, Mike, 210-12,214,220 Maitland, Frederic William, 204 Mangione, T. W.,seeFowler, F. J.,Jrand

T. W. Mangione Manning, Peter, 261n Mansfield, Lord, 203 Mawby,R., 211

Maxfield, Michael G., see Skogan, Wesley, G. and Michael G. Maxfield; Lewis, D. A. and M. Maxfield

Mayhew, Pat, see Hough, Mike and Pat Mayhew

measurement, difficulties of, 81-95 mediation, 293,299 Mendelsohn, H., etal., 177,182-3 Merry,S., 312 Miers, D., 224,303 Milgram,S., 26 Miller, Peter V. et al., 247 Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 77n Moody,S.andJ.Tombs,215 Moses, 202 multiple record systems, 67; see also

statistics, nature of Murray, Susan, see Catlin, Gary and

Susan Murray

N AS (National Academy of Sciences) Panel, 58

NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics), 77n

NCJISS (National Criminal Justice Information and Statistical Service), 58

NCS (National Crime Survey), development of, 56,58; application of, 64-5; nature of, 72-6; and recall, 85, 87; design of, 92-4, 96-8, 247,252-3,258; data in, 103-4, 106-10; scope of, 117-18; and 'education' effects, 119; comparisons with, 129-31; and lifestyle models, 141,143,145-6; and crime reports, 248-50; and commercial burglary, 251 ; and victims, 265

Nachmais,D., 294 Nader,L., 312 National Commission on Criminal Justice

Standards and Goals, 293 National Crime Survey, see NCS National Criminal1ustice Information

and Statistical Service, see NCJISS National District Attorneys Association,

223 National Opinion Polls (National Opinion

Research Center), 33, 170 National Organization for Victim

Assistance, 265, 268-9 National Research Council, 98 Neter, John, and Joseph Waksberg, 91,

93

Index 327

Netherlands, the, crime statistics in, 57, 157-8,247; victimization surveys in, 117,125,129, 164; housing in, 160

New Jersey, 295-6,304 New York, 294-6,304 New Zealand, 266' Newark, 169 Newfoundland, 46 Nordic Council, the, 241 Norway, 26,241

Oberg, S., and E. Pence, 292 offenders, criminal process and, 2;

ostracization of, 8; studies of, 146-71; and restitution, 291-2, 298

Ogg,D., 36 Okihtro, N.,see Waller, Irvin and N.

Okihiro Olaussen,L.P.,27 Ontario, 266,275-6,287 opportunity theory, 183-4 O'Sullivan, E., 300 Otis, D. L., etal, 67 Ottawa, 46,271,274-5,279-80,283,

286-7 Owens III, Maurice E. B.,see Penick,

Bettye E. K. Eidson and Maurice E. B. Owens III

Pence, E., see Oberg, S. and E. Pence Penick, Bettye E. K. Eidson and Maurice

E. B. OwnesIII, 58,118 Piven, F., and R. Cloward, 307 Plato, 198 Plowman, G. 34 police agencies, 57,59-65,68-9,

76n-77n, 81, 92, 94; see also Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Pollock, Sir Frederick, 204 Pollock, K. H., 67 polls, public opinion, 169, 174-5; see also

Gallup Poll; Harris Poll; National Opinion Poll

Portland, 93-4 public opinion, 33-5

Quarterly Household Survey (US Census Bureau), 89,92,105

Quebec, 46 Quinney, R., 301,305, 307; see also

Clinard, M. and R. Quinney

rape, victims of, 211-16; see also Rape Crisis Centres; sexual assault

Rape Crisis Centres, 223,266,274,300 Reiman, J., 301-2,305,307-8,310--11 Reiss, AlbertJ., Jr, on crime statistics,

53-76,246-59; on telescoping, 93-4; on victimization surveys, 96, 99, 109-10, 248-9,251,256; and prosecution policies, 297; see also Biderman, Albert D. and Albert J. Reiss, Jr; Black, DonaldJ. andAlbertJ. Reiss, Jr

Restigouche, 272-3 Rich, R., 269-7,300,302,307 Rich,R.,andS.Salasin, 11 Riger,S., 176 risk, exposure to, 139-40; perceptions

of, 171-7 Rock, Paul, and victim-aid

organizations, 3; and victim stigmatization, 7; on society and the victim, 31-47; and victim movements, 261-88

Rogers, Theresa F., 98-9 Roncek,DennisW., 144-5 Roper, 33 Rosenbaum, D. R.,seeBaumer, T. L.,

andD. R. Rosenbaum Rosenstock, Irwin, 182 Royal Candian Mounted Police, 272 Royal Commission on Criminal

Procedure (1981), 211 Ryan, W., 307

Sachsenhausen, 26 St. Thomas Aquinas, 199 Salasin, S., see R. Rich and S. Salasin Salem, G., see Lewis, D. A. and G. Salem Sampson, Robert J., and Thomas C.

Castellano, 145 San Diego, 144 San Francisco, 107 San Jose, 83,85-6,89,103,106,108-9 Schafft, Anglika, 17n Schattschneider, E., 308 Scheurman, Leo, see Kobrin, Solomon

and Leo Scheurman Schneider, Anne L., 93-4,96, 108 Schneider, A. and P. Schneider, 293,

297-9 Schneider, C., see Chesney, S. and C.

Schneider Scheider, P., see Schneider, A. and P.

Schneider

328 Index

Schrager, L. A. and James F. Short, Jr, 248

Schwind, Hans-Dieter, et al. , 106 Scotland, 117,215; see also Britain,

Great Seattle, 266 Seber,G.A.F., 67 sexual assault, victims of, 220;

classifications of, 247 Shapiro, c., and L. Gutierrez, 310 Shapland, Joanna, and victims' needs, 3,

8; and victim services, 11-12,218-32; and criminal justice system, 210-16

Sherman, Lawrence, and Robert Langworthy, 70

Short, JamesF. Jr.,see Schrager, L. A. and James F. Short,Jr

Silverman, S., and W. G. Doerner, 304 Simon, Marlene B., 80n Singer,S.I., 162 Skogan, WesleyG.,andfearofcrime, 6,

167-86; and recollection of victimization, 10; on views of crime, 32; on methodology of victimization surveys, 80-110, 118; and reporting of crimes, 108, 122; and Michael G. ~axfield,151,173,175-7,182

Smith,SusanJ., 139,143-4 Sobel, Michael E., 140 social control, 3,290-313 social services, and victim care, 8-9,

11-12,227,292,298 Sparks, Richard, 118,121; etal., 85, 90,

96,107,109,119 Spence,J., 312 statistics, nature of, 53-76; and

victimization surveys, 81-95 Statistics Canada, 99-100 Status of Women Canada, 43,274,286 Steer, D., 211 Steinmetz, Karl, 117n, 147; see also Dijk,

Jan van, and Karl Steinmetz Stephan, Egon, 83,96 Stinchcombe, A. L. et al. , 174 Strauss, A., 267 Stuttgart, 83 Sudman, Seymour and Norman M.

Bradburn, 91,95 Survey Research Center (U niversity of

Michigan), 97 Sutcliffe, F., see McCabe, S. andF.

Sutcliffe Sveri, Knut, 147 Sweden, 241-2

Task Force on Victim of Crime, 44 Taub,R.P.,etal., 177 telephone surveys, 97-8,100 Tennessee, 295 Thornberry, Terence P. and Margaret

Franworth, 146 Thorvaldson, S. A. and M. R. Krasnick,

223 Tombs, J., see Moody, S. and J. Tombs Traugott, Michael W., and John P.

Katosh, 102 Tuchfarber, Alfred, and William R.

Klecka, 99, 106--7; see also Kleck, William R. and Alfred Tuchfarber

Turner, Anthony G., 90,94,99,103, 106--9

Tyler,T.R., 177,173

U CR (Uniform Crime Reporting), 53-76,77n

US Census Bureau, 97,99-101, 107-9, 168-70, 177; see also Quarterly Household Survey

USA (United States of America), victim services in, 3,12; fear of crime in, 6; effects of victimization in, 11; criminal justice in, 12-13; concepts of, 39-40; crime statistics in, 53-76, 104, 160; victimization surveys in, 96, 117,135, 248; lifestyles in, 138; see also NCS

Uniform Crime Reports, 247

VSCP (Vital Statistics Cooperative Program), 77n

·Vancouver, 100,125,143,266 Vaughn, J. and R. Hofrichter, 295 victim, concept of, 17-29; identification

with, 160-1; in criminal justice system, 191-232; support schemes, 223; services, 290-313; definition of, 301-2; rights of, 317-22; see also victim movements; victimization

victim movements, dangers of, 1-14, in Canada, 41-7, 261-88

Victim-Offender Reconciliation Project (Ontario), 266

victim policy, 237-45 victimization, psychological effects of,

9-11,253-4; fears of, 27,32; and crime statistics, 54-6; police agency data systems, 57, 76n-77n; surveys of, 80-110,117-31,246--59; lifestyles and, 135-52; theories of, 191-216

Vietnam War, 26

Index 329

Waksberg, Joseph, see Neter, John and Joseph Waksberg

Wales, 117-31; see also Britain, Great Walker, Gordon, 275--6 Waller, Irvin, 44, 261n, 267-8, 270, 277,

281; and N. Okihiro, Burglary: the Victim and the Public, 267

Walzer,M., 37 Washington, DC, 83,87,90,92,94,109,

271 Weick,K., 276 Weis, Joseph G., see Hindelang, Michael

J. and Travis Hirschi and Joseph G. Weis

Weiss,CaroIM., 102 Weisstub, David N., on victims and

criminal justice system, 191-210; on vicams' rights, 317-22

welfare state, see social services 'Wergeld', 1 Willmore, Jon, 210 Wilson,J.Q., 176,312 witnesses, and victim-witness programs,

292-3,297-8

Wolfgang, Marvin E., 162;etal., 146; and F. Ferracuti, 305

Woltman, Henry F. and John M. Bushery, 99; and Glenn Cadek, 108-9

women, legal status of, 199--200; as victims, 201; and Canadian government policy, 274; and crisis intervention services, 292

Wood,D.S., 117 World Society of Victimology, 265, 268 World War II, 138 Wright, E., 305

Yantzi, M. , see Brown, S. D. andM. Yantzi

Yost, Linda R. and Richard W. Dodge, 90,92,103,107

Young, VernettaD., 146

Ziegenhagen, E. and J. Benyi, 297, 299--300