Index

1,2-Polybutadiene, II 0, III IA-RD, 843 1,4-polybutadiene, 110, 111, 112, 114 IA-polyisoprene, 110, 111 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), 766 129Xe_NMR, 228, 229, 235 13C-NMR, 228, 235 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 766 2-butyl styrene sulfonate isoprene copolymer,

438 2-mercaptoimidazole, 575 3A sanitary standard, 385 4,4' -diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI), 765

Abrasion, 334, 370, 427 resistance, 576, 730, 819

ABS, 269, 273, 301, 302, 346 Accelerated storage hardening, 44 Accelerators, 666 Acetone extraction, 49 Acetoxy cures, 652 Acid-coagulated rubber, 40 Acidic proteins, 39 ACM, 269, 301, 302,507,510,511,659,664 Acrylated chlorinated rubber, 22 Acrylic-based elastomers, 659 Acrylonitrile content, 787, 788, 791 Activators, 666, 861 Adhesion, 217, 219, 221, 346, 380,716,717

strength, 426 Adhesives, 341, 584, 675 Adiprenes, 727, 730 AFLAS, 547, 549, 551, 553, 559 AGE, 685

Age resisters, 667 Aging, 102,536,542,569, 578, 615, 616, 694,

717,778 natural rubber, 40

Air permeabilities, 85 Alcryn, 503, 504 Alkylation curatives, 901 Allophanate, 390 Alloprene (lCI), Parlon, 63 Alloys, 695 Allylglycidyl ether, 684 Alpex,66 Alumina. 740 Amino acids, 31, 35,39,40,56,57,58 Aniline point, 802 Anionic (living) initiators, 827 Anionic polymerization, 324, 328, 821, 824, 825 Anisotropy, 243, 246

ratio, 248 Annealing, 364 Antioxidants, 125, 333, 337, 575, 740, 792, 863,

889 Aramids, 242 Amitel, 354, 367, 370, 374, 379 Aromatic oil, 691 Ash, natural rubber, 37, 40, 44, 45 Aspect ratio, 242, 243, 256 Asphalt blends, 347 ASTM oil, 802 ATBN, 146, 306 Atomic absorption, 843 Atomic force microscopy/micrographs, 419, 420 Autoclave, 776 Auto-coagulated rubber, 40 Automobile exteriors, 346

909

910

Automotive, 674, 772, lHO, 902 Automotive application, 382 Autoxidation, 39, 56, 404 Azeotropic mixture, 789

Back pressure, 378 Bagasse, 22, 23 Balata, 29, 62, 65, 488 Banbury, 16l-1, 181, 185, 191, 192,337,406,

617,667,689,741,790 Bases, 861 Basic proteins, 39, 56 BDO,393 Belting, 902 Belts, 811 BimodaL 35, 36 BI~S, 881, 896, 897, 898, 899 Bin stability, 572 Biodegradable, 55 Biosynthesis, 33, 36, 56, 59 Bis-alkylation, 891 Bis-maleimide-sulfur, 670 Bisphenol, 543, 553

AF, 553,554 Biuret, 141,390 Blacks, 528, 533, 544, 573, 740, 748, 756, 757,

790, 792 Blend viscosity, 212, 213 Blending, 485, 497 Blends, 197,227,234,265,267,272,282,284,

287,309,341.345,358,406,468,498, 500,502, 503, 506, 521, 524, 529, 534, 538, 545, 559, 578, 579, 581, 582, 675, 707, 708, 714, 716, 790, 820, 893

of natural rubber, 95 with thermoplastics, 345 with thermosets, 346

Block,269 copolymer, 265, 321, 325 length distributions, 357

Blow molding, 314, 433 Blown film, 345

JSR RB820, 484 Bonding, 244, 718 Bond strength, 516 Bottom fraction, 39, 56 BR, 267, 269, 275, 290, 301,302 Brabender, 271, 272, 898 Branched block copolymers, 322 Branching, 34, 35, 37, 59,334, 789, 819, 821,

853.854,859 agents, 861

Index

Breathable film, 431 Brominated isobutylene/o-methylstyrene

elastomers, 895 Bromination, 118, 119, 862, 897 Bromo-(isobutylene-co-para­

methylstyrene)elastomers, 880 Bromobutyl, 888 Bulk density, 842 Bulk polymerization, 787 Burst strength, 246 Butadiene acrylic acid copolymer, 435 Butadiene rubbers, 268, 818 Butanediol-1,4,767 Butyl rubber, 877, 879, 885

applications, 885

Cable filling, 345 Calcined clays, 749 Calcium carbonate, 740, 792 Calendering, 246, 314, 406, 408, 409, 668, 776,

890 Cambium, 29, 30 Capillary extrusion, 50 Capillary number, 260 Capillary rheometer, 52, 54, 57,251, 261 Carbenation, 124 Carbene, I 21 Carbon black, 183,209,210,213,214,217,

219,220.221,230,337,407,611,689, 705, 845, 888

Carbon fiber. 242, 485 Carboxylated elastomers, 434 Carboxylated latices, 583 Carboxylated NBR, 581 Carboxylated rubber, 561 Cast elastomers, 765 Castable liquids, 753 Casting into open molds, 765 Casting machines, 768 Catalysts, 826 Cationic polymerization, 157, 878, 890 Caulks, 676 Cellobond, 69, 70 Cellulose fibers, 241,244,246,251,253,255,

257 reinforcement, 243

Cement, 675 Centrifugation, 47 Centrifuged latex, hevea rubber, 39 Chain cleavage, 160 Chain entanglement, 331 Chain extender, 390, 392, 652, 767 Chain extension, 136

911 Index

Chain scission, 38, 54, 120, 686 Chain-transfer, 878

agents, 861 CHDM,393 Chemical crosslinking effects, 400 Chemical crosslinks, 54 Chemical properties, 882 Chemical relaxation, 54 Chemical resistance, 371, 374, 378, 480, 558 Chicle, 29, 56, 59 Chin implants, 639 Chlorinated hydroxylated guayule rubber, 23 Chlorinated natural rubber, 62 Chlorinated polyethylene elastomers, 269, 500,

517,518,519 Chlorination, 22, 118,119,518,519,530,862 Chlorobutyl rubber, 516, 581, 888 Chlorocarboxylation, 564 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene elastomers, 516,

521,522, 523, 581 Chlorosulfonation, 522 Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), 538 Cis-1,4 polyisoprene, 4, 29,50,59 Cis-trans isomerization, 115 Classification, hevea natural rubber, 41 Clay, 740, 749, 792, 889 Clones, 30, 31, 35, 49, 59r Closed cell sponge weather seals, 867 Cluster formation, 462 CM,521 CO. 524,528 Coagulation, 46 Coalescence, 201, 266 Coating, 22, 344, 380 Co-continuous. 274, 279

phases, 337 Coconut fiber, 245 Cohesive energy density, 203, 672 Cold crystallization, 38, 49 Cold flow, 819 Cold mills, 337 Cold polymerization, 785, 788 Cold-feed extruders, 190 Colloidal stability, 31, 39, 49, 60 Comb-grafted natural rubber, 81 Commercial latices, hevea natural rubber, 34 Compaction factor, 178 Compactor, 179

unit, 185 Compatibility, 197,266 Compatibilizing agents, 231 Compatible, 265, 266, 337, 345 Composite, 241, 245, 247, 250, 254,

Compounding, 549, 573, 666, 689, 739, 758, 777, 792, 793, 888, 898

ingredients, 336 Compression molding, 190, 272, 314, 776 Compression set, 578, 801 Condensation, 429, 613, 654

polymerization, 159, 592 Constant viscosity CV, 35, 41 Construction adhesives, 343 Construction industry, 772 Continuous mixers, 170 Continuous vulcanization, 742 Cooling/cycle time, 378 COPE, 367, 370, 382 Copolyester thermoplastic elastomers, 312 Copolymerization, 499, 549 Copolymers, 321 Coupling elements, 771 Coupling reactions, 326, 327 Covulcanizability, 898 Covulcanization, 94, 517, 710, 714, 896 CPE, 301, 302, 511 CR, 178, 182, 186,269,301,302

powder, 174, 175 Creamed latex, 47 Creaming, 847 Creep, 39, 54, 55 Critical entanglement spacing, 270 Critical molecular weight, 331 Critical surface tension, 270 Crosslink, 331, 343, 684, 686

density, 673, 713 Crosslinked polyethylene, 739 Crosslinking, 136, 151,231,532,536,543,565,

568, 569, 613, 615, 737, 898 agents, 740

Crumb rubber, 847 Cryogenic grinding, 837, 838 Cryogenically ground rubber, 840 Crystal melting point, 337 Crystalline, 206, 210, 274, 303

polyolefins, 288 Crystallinity, 266, 268, 302, 361, 363, 397,479,

488, 489, 684, 702, 710, 711, 735, 821, 847, 851, 864

Crystallites, 702 Crystallization, 206, 218, 221, 231, 234,274,

521, 532,620 rate, hevea natural rubber, 38, 49, 50, 56, 57,

58 CSM,521 CTBN,146 Cuplump, 41, 42

912

Curatives, 295, 892 Cure rate, 572, 892 Cure systems, 330, 892 Curing, 794, 817

reaction, 138, 162 Custom mixing, 189 CV,742

steam, 869 CVJ boots, 381, 383 Cyanaprene, 410 Cyclatex, 66 Cycle times, 181 Cyclic siloxanes, 607 Cyclite,66 Cyclization, 115, 116, 117 Cyclized natural rubber, 61, 65,68 Cyclooctene, 698

Damping coefficient, 781 DCPD,853 Deformation resistance, 740 Degradation, 272, 330, 343, 348, 371, 402, 406,

536, 702, 747, 756, 761, 898 Degree, 253 Dehalogenation, 519 Dehydroha1ogenation, 520 Depolymerization, 92, 115 Depolymerized natural rubber, 91, 93, 94 Deproteinized, natural rubber, DPNR, 38, 39,

42, 56, 58 Desmodur, 757 Desmopan, 410 Devulcanization. 571 Diamine, 516, 543 Dibloek, 328, 344 Die swell, 251, 331 Dielectric properties, 423, 489 Diene, 817 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 204,

227, 229, 360, 363, 672 Diffusivity, 882 Diisocyanates, 140,390, 391, 755, 765 Diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 754 Dipped articles, 340, 583 Dispersion

fiber, 241, 242, 243, 250, 251, 252, 253, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262

measurement, 176 Dispersive mixing, 206,207, 208 Distributive mixing, 206, 207, 208 Dithiocarbamate, 792, 901 Domain formation, 445 Domains, 322, 330, 397

Index

DOP,529 DOS, 519 Double pass mixing, 255 Draw ratio, 247 Dry blending, 338 Dry ruber content (DRC), 30,47,48 Dry-blended compound, 339 DSC, 398,497, 702, 703, 704,851 Dump mixing, 169 DVNR,99 Dynamic crosslinking, 97, 492 Dynamic mechanical properties, 283, 421, 458,

508,577,691,693,716,780, Dynamic relaxation, 672 Dynamic shear modulus, 267, 286 Dynamic viscosity, 849, 854, 855, 860 Dynamic vulcanization, 102,273,281,289,293,

508

E1 mechanism, 517 E2 mechanism, 517 Ear implant, 640 Ebonites, 93, 94, 711 Eedel, 354, 367, 369, 731 ECO, 524, 528, 683 Economics, powdered rubber systems, 188 EEC food approval, 384 Efficient vulcanization, 17, 18, 21, 83 Ejection, 377 Elastic fibers, 695 Elasticity, 265 Elastollan, 410 Elastomer segments, 328 Electrical properties, 466, 482, 626 Electron, 743

beam, 736, 738, 743, 744, 904 microscopy, 31, 59, 202, 249, 275, 330, 358,

450 Electron spin resonance spectroscopy, 450 Elitel, 354 Elvax, 435, 474 Emulsion, 531, 787

polymerization, 434, 562, 826 ENB,853 End uses, guayuIc, 21 ENE reactions, 120 Energy

dissipation, 213 savings, 182

Engage, 497 ENPCAF-modified NR, 61, 76 ENR, 83,90 Entanglement, 271, 303, 328, 709

913 Index

Environmental resitance, 333 Environmental stress cracking, 747 Environmental stress-crack resistance, 489 Environment-friendly, 29 Enzymes, 39, 59r EPDM, 242, 251, 252, 269, 273, 274, 275, 281,

283, 289, 290, 291, 301, 302, 336, 436, 460,511,582,777,845,846,859,865

polyolefin blends, 288 polypropylene TPV, 309

EPDMlPP, 311 EPDM-polyolefin TPV, 290 EPDM-polypropylene, 292, 315, 316 Epichlorohydrin

elastomer, 516, 524, 525 nylon TPV, 310, 311 rubber, 579

EPM,706 Epoxidation, 119 Epoxidized NR, 61, 82, 113 Epoxidized SBS, 120 Epoxy crosslinks, 570 Epoxy cure sites, 670 EPR,336 Estane, 410, 411 Ester plasticizers, 691 Esterification, 570 Ethylene, 736, 851 Ethylene-acrylic rubber-nylon TPV, 309 Ethylene glycol, 355 Ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer, 435 Ethylene methacrylic ionomers, 447 Ethylene-octene copolymer, 497 Ethylene propylene rubber, 500 Ethylene-styrene interpolymers, 499 Ethylene vinyl acetate, 269, 488, 495 EVA, 301, 302, 324, 489

blends, 495 Exothermic, 266 Extender oils, 848 Extensional flow, 245 Extruder, 178

barrel, 379 mixing, 337

Extrusion, 15, 178, 246, 314, 379, 408, 429, 668, 748, 776, 890

aids, 575 die, 245 rheometer, 399

Exxpro,878 EYPEL,596 Ezcure,666

Farrel bridge MVX mixing, 180 Fatigue, 370 FDA food approval, 385 FEMA specification, 12 Fenolac,66 Fiber, 361

orientation, 241, 245, 247, 248, 249 rubber bonding, 249 suspensions, 246

Field latex, 34, 37, 43, 47 Fill factor, 226, 253, 255, 261, 262 Filler, 336, 337, 520, 524, 528, 533, 537, 544,

573, 656, 667, 740, 748 Film, 340, 429, 497

blowing, 408 Fire retardants, 337 Flame retardancy, 526 Flammability, 188, 343 Flex resistance, 334 Flexibility, 735, 801, 802 Flexible automotive, 339 Floatation process, 9, 10 Flour filler, 243 Flow curve, JSR RB820, 483 Flow induced coalescence, 200 Flow orientation, 245 Fluid resistance, 523, 527, 532, 536, 687, 688 Fluorescent light exposure, 850 Fluoroelastomers, 539 Fluorosilicone elastomers, 534, 535, 537 FMQ,630 Foaming, 314 Foams, 736 Footwear, 586 Formwork mats, 773 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),

852, 854 Free energy, 266 Free radical polymerization, 154 Friction, 331, 334 Fuel resistance, 510, 526, 801, 802, 804, 812 Fume extraction, 381 Functional polybutadiene, 147 Fungus cracks, 405 Furanized NR, 82 FVMQ, 609, 630 FZ,593,596

Gaflex,354 Gamma radiation, 405, 736, 738 Gas permeability, 427, 805 Gas permeation, 761 Gas-phase polymerization, 828, 858

914

Gate location, 376 Gating system, 376 Gehman T 100, 399 Gel, 6, 14, 34, 35, 36, 55, 58, 59, 99, 795 Gel permeation chromatogrpahy (GPC), 36, 55,

399 Gelation, 34, 35 Geolast,95 Glass, 374 Glass fiber, 242, 243 Glass transition temperature, 83, 203, 266, 282,

333, 335, 343, 353, 518, 532, 549, 622, 672, 728, 761, 799, 800, 851, 853

Gloves, 340 Glycols, 729 Goldenrod, 2, 29 Gordon-Taylor equation, 360 GPC, 4, 5, 700, 704, 729,846,847 Grading, hevea natural rubber, 41, 42, 46 Graft, 269, 507 Grafted NR, 61 Grafting, 244 Graphite fibers, 485 Green strength, 35, 54, 57, 312, 847 Green tire, 818 Grinding, 837 Guayu1e rubber, 1, 2, 22, 23, 29, 36 Gutta percha, 29, 56, 62, 488

Halobutyl elastomers, 517, 886, 887, 891, 892 Halogen reactivity, 515 Halogenated butyl rubber, 118 Halogenation, 118, 839, 877, 886 Hard segment, 765 Heat-aging, 898 Heat build-up, 801 Heat resistance, 519, 526, 532, 536, 541, 755,

801, 893 Heat-shrinkable film, 497 Heat stability, 380, 739, 848 Heat welding, 433 Herelor, 684 Hevea brasiliensis, 1, 2, 29, 55-60 Heveaplus, 71, 72 High density polyethylene, 324 Higher fatty acids (HFA), 38, 49, 56, 58 High-pressure process, 735 Hinge finger joint implants, 637 HIPS, 819, 820 HNBR, 785, 787, 790, 793, 796 Holding pressure, 378 Hose, 246, 586, 865, 810, 902 Hot dry gas, 869

Index

Hot melt, 341, 342, 343 HQEE,393 HRH, 242, 244, 245 HTBN,146 HTRI,854 Hybrid, 241 Hycar,435

PA,660 Hydin,683 Hydrated silicas, 889 Hydraulic fluids, 598 Hydroboration, 115, 126 Hydrocarboxy1ation, 123 Hydrofluorocarbon elastomers, 517 Hydrofonnylation, 126 Hydrogen bonding, 395 Hydrogenated epoxidised natural rubber, 90 Hydrogenated natural rubber, 61, 62 Hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), 785 Hydrogenated po1ybutadiene, 110 Hydrogenated styrene butadiene rubber, 502 Hydrogenating, 327, 328 Hydrogenation, 91, 109, 113 Hydrohalogenated natural rubber, 61, 63 Hydrohalogenation, 118, 119 Hydrolysis, 402

resistance, 755 stability, 403, 730, 770

Hydroperoxidation, 404 Hydrorubber, 62 Hydrosi1ation, 124, 612 Hydroxyl cure sites, 670 Hydroxyl number, 729 Hydroxylated polybutadienes, 142, 143 Hypalon,523 Hysteresis, 91, 92, 219, 220, 282, 399, 692, 693,

730, 819, 821 Hytre1, 354, 367, 369

I-B-I, 117 IcBIc, 117, 118 HR, 269, 290, 301, 823 Image analysis, 249 Impact resistance, 345, 346, 347, 371 Infrared spectroscopy, 445, 795 Injection mold, 180 Injection molding, 179, 190, 281, 314, 371, 377,

388,408,428,433,484,492,493,747, 776

Injection pressure, 378 Injection rate, 378 Inner liners, 891, 894 Inner tube, 882, 885

915 Index

Insert-molded, 339 INSITE catalyst, 497, 499 Insulation compound, 496 Interaction parameters, 203 Interfacial tension, 269, 283 Intermix, 168 Internal mixers, 169, 183, 272 International rubber quality and packing

committee, 43 Interpenetrating, 346 Interphases, 267 Intrinsic viscosity, 399, 796, 882 Iodine value, 795, 802 Ionic clusters, 567 Ionic elastomer, 123 Ionic polymers, 433

I Ion-ion interaction, 445 1 Ionomeric modification: 122

Ionomeric thermoplastic elastomers, 433 IR, 114,269 Irradiating, 244 ISO specification, natural rubber, 47 Isobutylene, 877

-isoprene rubbers, 825 Isocyanate chemistry, 389 Isocyanate crosslinked polyester, 757 Isoelectrical point, 39 Isomerization, 117, 118 Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, 3, 33 Isoprene rubbers, 822 Isotactic, 704 lzod impact strength, 98

Jectothane, 410 Jute fiber, 244

KOH number, 48, 49 Kopel, 367

LID ratio, 374 Ladder, 117 Latex, 9, 29-31, 37, 39, 42, 47, 56-60, 272,

847 concentrates, 37, 39, 42, 47-49, 57, 58, 60 handling, 48 particles, 29, 31, 39, 49 stability, 40, 49

LCM, 758, 776, 868 LCST, 198,229,231 LDPE, 489, 497 Leather finishing, 583 Levapren, 496 Lewis acids, 116, 517, 607, 878, 896

Light stability, 848 Lipids, 31, 37, 39, 49, 58 Liquid curing medium, 75 Liquid elastomers, 133, 135, 705 Liquid natural rubber (LNR), 61, 91, 94, 790 Liquid silicone rubber, 634 Lithium alkyls, 325 Living polymer, 324 Living polymerization, 818 LLDPE, 345, 735 Lomod,354 Low-density polyethylene, 110 Low-pressure process, 735 Low-temperature properties, 347, 519 LSR,606 Lube oils, 348 Lubricants, 598 Lubricating oil, 804

Macrocyclics, 710 Macrodiols, 754 Macroglyco1, 390, 391 Maleation, 863 Masterbatching, 189,258 Mastication, 35, 36, 46, 47, 50, 54, 57, 168 MDI,392 Mechanical goods, 870 Mechanical properties, 451, 458, 496, 502, 503,

509,510,626,672, 779 Mechanical stability time (MST), 48, 49, 56, 58 Medical, 675 Melt flow, 332, 509

index, 380, 427 Melt index, EVA, 489 Melt mixing, 272 Melt processable rubber, 503 Melt viscosity, 271, 328, 332 Mercerization, 244 Metal oxide crosslinks, 567 Metal sulfonated EPDM, 435, 454 Metallizing, 381 Metallocene catalyst, 826, 862 Metathesis, 697, 698, 775, 819 Methacrylic acid, 563 Methy1ene-bis-orthochloro aniline, 767 Metton,705 MFI,427 MG rubbers, 103 Microbial attack, 405 Microbial stability, 770 Microcellular PU elastomers, 772 Microdiols, 755 Microgel, 36, 59

916

Microstructure, 531, 698, 819, 821 Microtomed, 250 Microwave, 776, 869 Milkweed, 2 Millable gum, 388, 753 Mil1able polyurethane, 753 Milling, 41, 43, 246, 250, 252 Mills, 406, 668 MIL-R-25988, 535 Mineral fillers, 889 Mining applications, carboxylated rubber, 585 Miscible, 204, 266, 267 Miscible blends, 198,206,215,220,229,231,

234 Miscible mixture, 228 Mixers, 170, 741 Mixing, 168, 250, 252, 520, 524, 528, 533, 537,

544, 667, 739 cycle, 181 efficiency, 256 time, 257

Modification, 563 Modulus, blend, 213 Moisture content 842 Moisture cure, 136, 738, 742, 745 Mold, 378

design, 375 flow, polyphosphazene elastomer, 595 shrinkage, 378

Molding, 406, 408, 758 Molecular weight, 5, 34-36, 39, 58, 59, 328 Mono-carbodiimides, 771 Monoga1actosy1 diglyceride (MGDG), 38 Monomers, 525, 540, 565, 661 Monosil, 742, 746 Monsanto rheometer, 667 Mooney scorch, 687 Mooney value, 702 Mooney viscometer, 667 Mooney viscosity, 35,44,45, 50, 60, 252, 262,

686.689,705,708,753,776,788,791, 800

Morphology, 281, 330, 331, 358, 509 Morthane, 410 Morton and Kro1 line, 86 Mossbauer spectroscopy, 449 m-phenylene bisma1eimide, 891 MQ, 609, 620 Multifunctional initiation, 326, 327 Multimodal distribution, 31 MVX, 179, 183, 193

direct, 185 strip, 185

MWD,854

Index

Natural rubber, 1,61,68, 70, 71, 73,244,268, 500, 817

Natural rubher latex, 340 NBAR,790 NBIR,790 NBR, 114, 174, 182, 184, 186,269,290,301,

302, 578, 580, 785, 786, 793, 798, 801 nylon, 295, 297, 298, 299, 311

TPV,309 polyolefin, 304 PP thermoplastic vulcanizate, 307, 308 powder. 175 PVC blends, 288

NOl,392 NEM,790 Nematic interaction, 212, 229 Neoprene, 253, 808 Neutron scattering, 204, 206, 232, 448, 568 Nitration, 126 Nitrile rubber, 69, 84, 244, 785 Nitromercuration, 126 NMR, 204, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232,233,236,

795, 854 spectrum, 550

Nonrubber in natural rubber. 37, 48, 49, 58 Norbornene, 698 Norsorex, 704, 775, 776, 777, 779, 782 Nouvelan, 369 NR, 290, 301, 302 NR-SBR powder, 175, 176

preblend, 174 Nuclear magnetic resonance, 204, 227, 447 Number average molecular weight, 399 N-vinylpyrrolidone, 863 Nylon, 311, 505

ACM swelling, 509, 510 Nylon-6, 243, 507 Nylon-6,9 (PA), 269, 273 Nylon-12,417

ODR,686 Oils, 845

alcryn, 506 drilling, 813 field applications, carboxylated rubber, 585 industry, 772 palm fiber, 244 resistance, 371, 510, 527, 755, 761,802 swelling, 523

One-shot, 768 Open mill mixing, 338 Open-mill mixers, 168 Optical properties, 468

917 Index

Organic fibers, 242 Organotransition metals, 113 Orientation, 246 O-rings, 811 Oxidation, natural rubber, 33, 34, 38, 56, 59,

882 Oxime cure, 654 Oxonium ion, 724 Ozone resistance, 578

PA, 301, 302, 368 PA80,75 Packing, 811 Pale crepe, 42 Pandex,410 Paper coating, 583 Paracril, 806, 807 Parallel-model, 285 Paraprene, 410 Parel, 684, 685 Parthenium argentatum, I, 29 Particle size and distribution, 31, 843 Partitioner, 172 PBT, 301, 302, 369 PC, 269, 301, 302 PCL,393 PE, 301, 302 PEA, 417, 429

block copolymers, 429 PEBAX,417 PEEA,429 Peel strength, 334 Pellethane, 410, 412 Pelletizing and chopping, 339 Pelprene, 354, 367 Perfluoroelastomers, 541 Pergut,63 Permanent set, 497 Permeability, 215, 216, 383, 624, 806, 893 Pharmaceutical closures, 895 Phase diagram, 234 Phase morphology, 274, 280, 328 Phase separation, 330 Phase transfer catalysis, 109, 119, 123, 126 PHC, 393 Phenol-formaldehyde resins, 66, 69 Phenylenediamine, 792 Phospholipid, 31, 33, 34, 37, 39 Photoresists, 117 Physical properties, 480,486,490, 747, 750,

758 Pibiflex, 354, 367 Pigments, 333, 337

Pineapple leaf fiber, 245 Pipeline pigs, 772 Plant maintenance costs, 181 Plant process equipment, 771 Plasma treatment, 244 Plasticity retention index, PRI, 35, 40, 44, 45,

56r, 58r Plasticization, 371,407 Plasticized PVC, 243 Plasticizer, 520, 524, 533, 538, 544, 575, 689,

691, 692, 756, 788, 793, 889 Plastoprene, 66 Pliofilm, 64 Plioform, 66 Pliolite, 66 PMMA, 273, 290, 301, 302 PMQ,630 PMS, 884, 896 PO, 683, 685 Poisson effect, 247 Poly PTHF, 727 Poly(a-methyl-styrene), 112 Poly(1-chloro-l-butenylene), 530 Poly(acrylate)s, 662 Poly(butadiene-co-N-vinyl pyridine), 113, 114 Poly(butadiene-co-sodium styrene sulfonate),

438 Poly(butylene terephthalate), 358 Poly(ester-ether) copolymers, 358 Poly(ester-urethane), 406 Poly(ether) diol, 354 Poly(ether-b-ester) thermoplastic elastomers, 359 Poly(ether-ester) copolymers, 363 Poly(ethylene ether) diol, 355 Poly(ethylene oxide), 354 Poly(ethylene-co-butylene), 110 Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomer, 439 Poly(ethylene-co-propylene), 111, 112 Poly(isobutylene-co-para-methylstyrene), 880 Poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted natural

rubber, 71 Poly(oxyethylene) diol, 354 Poly(oxypropylene) diol, 354 Poly(oxytetramethylene) diol, 354, 360 Poly(phenylene oxide), 345, 346 Poly(propylene ether) diol, 355 Poly(propylene oxide) elastomer, 683, 684 Poly(styrene-co-isoprene-co-butadiene)

terpolymer, 824 Poly(tetramethylene ether) diol, 355 Poly(tetramethylene oxide), 723 Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), 290 Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), 243, 324

918

Polyacrylic rubber, 581 Polyalkenylenes, 697, 699, 701, 704

based TPEs, 312 Polyarnides, 346, 417, 429, 507, 582

elastomers, 418 Polyaryloxyphosphazene, 600 Polybutadiene, 114, 579, 819, 820 Polybutylene, 111 Polybutylene terephthalate, 511 Polycarbodiirnides, 771 Polycarbonate (PC), 269, 273 Polychloroprene, 69, 84, 516, 531, 581

elastomer, 529, 530 Polydichlorophosphazene, 592 Polydimethylsiloxane, 606 Polyester, 242, 354, 723, 730, 766

esters, 373 thermoplastic elastomer, 353, 354

Polyether block amide, 417 Polyether block esters, 357, 372, 426 Polyethers, 140,683, 766 Polyethylene (PE), 111, 112, 253, 268, 269,

273,289,290,324,345,346,489,495, 500, 502, 519, 735, 736, 747

elastomers, 519 terephthalate (PET), 511,582

Polyfluoroalkoxyphosphazene, 595 Polyisobutylene, 879, 884 Polyisoprene, 80, 81, 112, 114, 823 Polymeg, 727 Polymerization, 526, 535, 540, 563, 564,606,

685, 697 Polymethylmethacrylate, 269, 273 Polynorbornene rubber, 775 Polyoctenylenes, 698,700, 703, 709, 710 Polyolefin resin, 291 Polyoxytetramethylene, 723 Polypentenamer, 114

ionomers, 439 Polyphosphazene elastomers, 591 Polypropylene, 96, 267, 268, 269, 273, 281,

283,290, 307, 316, 324, 336, 337, 340, 341, 345, 346

compatibilized, 346 Polystyrene (PS), 79, 112,268,269,273, 290,

324, 336, 340, 345, 346 grafted NR, 61 segment content, 328

Polysulfides, 135 Polytetrahydrofuran, 723 Polytetramethylene terephthalate, 269, 290 Poly-trans-pentenamer, 269

Index

II

I Polyurethane, 140, 141,311, 723, 729, 765

elastomers, 387 ionomer, 439 rubber-nylon TPY, 310

Postcure, 668, 768 Postpolymerization, 123 Powder NBR, 790 ~

~Powdered polymer technology, 171 Powdered reclaim, 172 Powdered rubber, 167 Powdering, 171 Power consumption, 181 Power law, 262 Power requirements, 379 PP, 114, 273, 274, 301, 302 PPG,393 Preblend, 177 Prepolymer, 768 Pressure-sensitive adhesives, 342 Prevulcanized, 74 Printing, 381 Process aids, 94, 520, 524, 528, 533, 537, 544,

666, 889 Processability, 337, 492, 595, 821, 824, 853 Processing, 9, 14,35,41,50, 52. 54, 58, 169,

311,312,336,370,407,427,469,506, 666, 667, 889, 898

condition, 339, 340 temperature, 380

Proofing, 190 Pro-oxidants, 40 Properties

alcryn,504 BIMS/halobutyl. 881, 887,897 EPDM,859 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, 457 ethylene-styrene interpolymers, 499 ethylene vinyl acetate ionomer, 459 NBRlHNBR, 793, 797, 801 norsorex, 777 PTHF,728 SBS,330,339 urethane composition, 145 vestarnid, 424

Propylene, 851 oxide, 684

Prorads, 738 Proteins, 7, 31, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 46, 49,

55, 58, 59 serum fraction, 39

PS, 301, 302 PTAd,393 PTMEG,369

919 Index

PTMO,393 PTMT,273 PTPR, 301, 302 Pulp fibers, 244 Pultrusion, 242 PVC, 243, 520, 580 PVMQ, 609, 620, 630 Pyrolysis gas chromatogrpahy, 795 PZ,593

Q-thane, 410 Quaternary phosphonium sulfonated EPDM,

437,470,471 Quebrachito1, 40, 58r, 59r Q values, 548

Radial (S-B)nx copolymers, 331 Radiation crosslinking, 738, 743 Raman spectroscopy, 450 Reactive butadiene, 142 Reactive plasticizers, 870 Reactivity ratios, 325 Rebound resilience, 770 Reciprocating screw, 427 Reclaiming, 837 Recycled rubber, 843 Recycling, 101, 835

methods, 837 Regrind, 380 Reinforcement, 133, 152,241,242,610 Reinforcing agent, 406 Relaxation models, 236 Reprocessibility, 495, 497 Reprocessing, thermoplastic natural rubber, 101 Resilience, 712, 819 Resin, 335, 336, 340, 341, 342, 344

modified natural rubber, 66 Resistance to chemicals, 761 Retarders, 667 RFS steelcord carcass, 720 Rheological behavior 1,2 po1ybutadiene, 480 Rheological properties, 211, 618, 854, 859 Rheology, 213, 231,251,257,312,464 Rhodium catalysts, 113 Ring opening polymerization, 160, 592, 607,

723 Riteflex, 354, 367 Road crack sealants, 348 Road surface, 348 Rocket propellant binders, 676 Roll compounds, carboxylated rubber, 585 Roller covers, 771 Rollers, 771

Rolling resistance, 88, 821 Roof mastics, 676 Roof sheeting, 870 Roofing, 348 Room-temperature vulcanization, 629 Rotational casting, 765 Rotational molding, 746 RPA-2000, 855 RTV, 606, 612, 615 Rubber, 346, 426

particle, 30, 31, 39, 47, 49, 57, 58 smoked sheet, RSS, 42, 43 specifications, guayule, 12

Rubber/nylon, 311 Rubbone, 92 Rucothane, 410 Runners and gates, 376 Russian dandelion, 29

SAE J, 200 811 Salt bath, 776, 869 S~, 269, 273, 290, 301, 302 Sandwich, 257 Santoprene, 95 Santoweb, 262 Sarlink,95 S-B,326 SBR, 242, 269, 301, 302, 823 S-B-S,324 Scorch, 170, 182

control, 571 safety, 572, 892

Scrap tires, 835, 836 Screens, 772 Screw design, 379 Screw extruder, 437 Screw plasticization, 371 Screw speed, 378 Sealants, 137, 344, 676 Seals, 811, 869

O-rings, 585 S-EB-S, 324, 368 Sec, 819 Seeding, 169 Segment compatibility, 341 Segmental relaxation, 230 Segmented copolymers, 753 Segmented poly(ester-ether) copolymers, 358,

360 Self-crosslinking, 789 Self-curing, 295, 298, 300 Semicontinuous mixers, 170 S-EP-S, 324, 327

920

Sequential extraction, 9, 10 Sequential polymerization, 325, 326, 327 Series-model, 285 Serum, 39, 47,49, 56 Service temperature, 331, 347 Shaft seals, 676 Shear flow. 245 Shear resistance, 334, 335 Sheet molding compounds (SMC), 346 Shoe, 339 Short fiber, 241 Shrinkage, EVA, 492 Shrink-wrap film, 736 S-1 diblock copolymers, 326 SIBR, 823, 824 Silane, 500. 501 Silanol-silylmethoxy condensation, 654 Silica, 537, 611, 631, 655, 740, 756, 757, 792 Silicone, 138, 507

rubber, 244, 346,605, 632, 649 sealant (RTV), 646

Silk, 242 Simultaneous extraction, 9, 11 Sioplas, 742, 745 S-I-S, 324 Sisal fiber, 243 Skypel,367 Slurry phase polymerization, 856 Slurry process, 858, 883 Small-angle light scattering (SALS), 358, 362 Small angle neutron scattering, 201, 205 Small angle x-ray scattering, 397 Soap-sulfur, 669 Soft segment, 765 Softeners, 667 Softening point, 347 Solubility, 806

and chemical resistance, 357 parameters, 341, 342

Solution behaviour, 342 Solution blending, 272 Solution grinding, 837, 839 Solution polymerization, 787, 826 Solvent affinity 551 Solvent resistance, 335, 337, 343 Sound deadening. 339

applications, 337 Spandex, 730 Specific interactions, 266 Specifications, hevea natural rubber, 43, 47 Spherulite models, 362 Spinning machines, 771 Sports track surfacing, 772

Index

Spreading, 190 Squeegee blade, 771 SSBR, 114 Stability, 371 Stabilizers, 789 Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR), 41, 42 Star-branched butyl, 880 Steel, 505 Stiffness, 242, 247, 248, 256, 330

modulus. 489 Stoneware pipes, 773 Storage, 668

hardening, 35, 36, 39, 56-58 stability, 571

Strain crystallization, 84 Stress relaxation, 242, 244, 401, 402. 578 Stress softening, 333 Stress-strain properties, 152, 267,400,422 Structure

EPDM.865 hevea natural rubber, 29, 33, 34, 50, 55-59 NBRlHNBR, 793. 795

Styrene, 71 acrylonitrile, 863 butadiene rubbers, 823

Styrenic triblock, 312 Sulfenyl chloride, 123 Sulfonated ethylene propylene diene terpolymer,

435,470,471 Sulfonation, 437 Sulfur, 901 Superior processing rubber, 61, 74, 75 Surface energy, 623

mismatch, 270 Surface treatment, 839 Surgical placement, 637 Surlyn, 435, 473 Suspension polymerization, 787, 826 Swelling, 242,247,248,496,510,519,717,

770 Syndiotactic, 704

poly(1-butene), 110 Synthetic cis-l,4 polyisoprene, 29, 46, 49

T50 test, 176, 177, 193 Table edging, 773 Tack, 121, 122, 217, 218 Tackifiers, 575

resins, 889, 899 Tackiness, 43 TAlC, 553 Talc, 740, 792, 889 Tangent delta, 849, 854, 856

921 Index

Tapered diblock copolymers, 321 Tapping, 30, 35, 36, 41, 58 Taraxacum kok-saghyz, 29 Tear, 370, 371

propagation, 770 strength, 576, 819, 824

Tearing, 427 Technically specified rubber, TSR, 41 Teknor apex, 100 Telechelic carboxylated elastomers, 438 Telechelic polybutadiene, 435 Telechelic polymers, 133, 153, 154 TEM,715 Tensile properties, GPO, 687 Tensile strength, 331, 628, 770 Terethane, 727 Terminally reactive liquid nitriles, 144 Termination reaction, 878 Tetrabutylphosphonium oxide, 649 Tetrafluoroethylene, 547

-propylene rubber, 547 Tetrahydrofuran, 724 Texin, 410, 412 Textile applications, 583 Textile fibers, 242 Textile industry, 771 r., 399 r; 360, 363, 395 TGA,795 Thermal analysis, 360 Thermal conductivity, 427 Thermal field flow fractionation, 37, 57, 58 Thermal properties, 467 Thermal stability, 511, 526, 536, 541, 556, 625,

759 Thermoforming, 314, 433 Thermoplastics, 735

derivatives of NR, 61 elastomer, 112, 117, 265, 322, 353, 479,495,

81 epoxidized natural rubber, 101 natural rubber, 94 olefinics, 312 1,2-polybutadiene, 479 polyamide, 417 polyurethane, 426 resins, 753 rubbers, 79 vulcanizates, 290,300,309,310,316

Thermoprene, 66 Thiazoles, 901 Thiokol, 807 Thiurams, 901 Tire components, 901

Tires, 585, 771, 836 Tolylene diisocyanate (TDl), 754 TOR, 702, 705, 706, 708, 709 Torsional analysis, 704 Torsional viscometer, 356 TOSCA,384 Toys, 345 TPENR, 102, 103 TPNR, 95,97,100,502 TPO,368 TPU, 367, 368, 387, 389, 390 TPV, 368, 505, 511 Trade names, styrenic block copolymer, 328,

329 Trans-l,4 polyisoprene, 488 Trans-esterification, 511 Transfer molding, 179,776 Transmission electron micrograph, 358 Transmission microscopy, 250 Transmission shaft seals, 645 Transportation, 772 Triads, 115 Triallyl cyanurate, 740, 756 Triallyl isocyanurate, 553, 740 Triazine, 543

diones, 121 dithiols, 670

Triblock copolymers, 326 Triblock ionomer, 439 Trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane, 609 Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 740 Trisiloxane, 535 Truck tubeless tires, 894 Tubes, 810 Twin-screw extruders, 272 Two roll mill, 272, 617

UBEPOL VCR, 485 Ucon oils, 742 UCST, 198,231 UL recognition, 384 Ultraviolet radiation, 404 Upside-down mixing, 169, 252, 257, 262 Urea group, 389 Urepan, 755, 762 Urethane, 389, 754

linkage, 395 US pharmacopoeia class VI, 385 UV degradation, 404 UV resistance, 427 UV stabilizers, 337

VDE0303, 427 Venting, 376

extruder, 180

922

Vestamid, 417, 420 Vestenamer, 700, 702, 703, 705, 706, 708, 710,

719 Vibrathanes, 727 Vicat softening, 372 Vinyl acetate, 737 Vinyl polybutadienes, 820 Vinyl silanes, 863 Vinylmethylsiloxane, 609 Virtual crosslink, 387, 395, 397, 399 Viscometry,704 Viscosity, 150,211, 212, 218, 221, 232, 258,

259,260,348,426,509 index improver, 120

Viscous damping, 334 Vitacom DVNR, 100 VLDPE,751 VMQ, 609, 620, 630 Volatile fatty acids, (VFA), 46, 48, 49, 58 VTBN,146 Vulcanizate properties, 20, 556, 687 Vulcanization, 150, 274, 387, 517, 523, 537,

549,554,565,611,613,633,666,668, 710, 758, 853, 890, 891, 900

rate and state, 16 Vulcanized NBR, 801

W series, 531 Wallace plasticity, 16 Waterproofing, 348 Waxes 345, 348 Wear 371, 821

characteristics, 755 resistance, 770

Weathering, 370, 801, 845

Index

Wet grinding, 839 Wet grip, 86, 87, 88 Wet process hydrophobic (WPH) silica, 632 Wettability, 127 Wetting, 270 White sidewalls, 894, 895 Wide angle x-ray diffraction, 358 Wire and cable, 868 Wire insulation, 339

XDI,392 Xenon NMR, 235 XG,393 XLPE, 736, 739, 741, 747, 748

applications, 750 XNBR, 575, 580, 789 XP-50, 880 X-ray diffraction, 447 X-ray scattering, 568 XSBR,566

Yield point, 333, 747 Yield stimulation, 30, 60 Yield strain, 505 Yield stress, 268, 747 Young's modulus, 247, 508

I,

Z-blade mixers, 91, 186 Zeospan, 354 Ziegler-Natta catalysis, 819, 826, 847, 851, 852,

854, 857, 858 Zinc maleated EPDM, 437 Zinc oxide cure, 890 Zinc peroxide, 572 Zwitterionomer, 440