INDEXSr. No. Title Author Subject Page No.

1 The Balanced Scorecard: As A Performance Measurement System

Dr. Vinod K. Ramani Accountancy 1-2

2 Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions: Legal, Accounting and Strategic Issues

Mira J. Bhanderi Accountancy 3-4

3 Morphometric analysis of the Sisi river basin, North-East India and some geo-environmental implications

Dr. Uttam Goswami Applied Geology

5-6

4 Careful Evaluation of CARE’s Performance Dr. Bheemanagouda Commerce 7-8

5 Advertisements on Passenger Cars - An Innovative Idea for Outdoor Advertising

Dr. Sangapa Rampure Commerce 9-10

6 Knowledge Management And Knowledge Process Outsourcing

Dr.Santos Singh Bais Commerce 11-13

7 A Study on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Using Sms Marketing as a Tool

Dr.S P. Mathiraj, Mr Anil B. Malali

Commerce 14-16

8 Economic Value Added Dr. Kishor V. Bhesaniya Commerce 17-20

9 CHALLENGES IN COMMERCE DUE TO GLOBALIZATION

Mr. T. Kalimuthu, Dr. R. Ganapathi

Commerce 21-23

10 Estimating Reliability of Component Based Software Using Artificial Neural Network

Mr. Harish Rathod , Mr. Mahesh Parmar, Miss. Rekha Teraiya

Computer Science

24-26

11 Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi), Special Economic Zones (Sezs) And Economic Developments In India: An Empirical Study

M. Marimuthu Economics 27-29

12 Environmental Impact On Agriculture: WTO And Indian Economic Reforms

Dr.Shivasharanappa Dhaba

Economics 30-31

13 Study of regional rural water supply scheme-Kutch Niketa Patel Economics 32-34

14 An Overview of Indian economy of Unemployment in Depression

Dr. Dilip Arjune, Dr. Pawar Ashok S.

Economics 35-37

15 Kendriya Aarthsankalp 2011-12 and 2012-13 ke Tulnatmak Adhayan

Dr. Pawar Ashok S., Dr. Sunita J. Rathod, Shri. Budhwant R.G.

Economics 38-42

16 ADEPTS: Innovative Self-Evaluation Technique for Teachers

Dr. Pawar Ashok S., Dr. Vishal Tayade,Dr. Sunita Rathod

Economics 43-44

17 Bharatiya thet parikiy gunvantkiye dhoran Dr. Pawar Ashok S. Economics 45-48

18 European Euro Sankat and Vyaparchakrache Jagtik Parinam

Dr. Pawar Ashok S., Dr. Sunita J. Rathod, Umare Vilas Devchand

Economics 49-52

19 Higher Education in India: An Appraisal Dr. Sukhwinder Singh jolly

Education 53-56

20 An Investigation on test Anxiety In L2 Learners S. Gandhimathi , Dr. R. Ganesan

Education 57-58

21 Organizational Commitment and Self esteem of Faculty Members of Secondary Level Teacher Training Programme in Mysore

Mr. Moslem Cherabin, Dr. Praveena K. B.

Education 59-61

22 Comparative Analysis on Various Coded Cooperaative Networks

Pallavi Ingle Electronics and Communication

62-64

23 Effect of Plasma Arc Cutting Speed-voltage On the Unevenness of Hardox-400 Material

A. A. Darji, S. P. Patel, J.V.Desai

Engineering 65-67

24 Design and Simulation of High Speed,Low power Preamplifier Based CMOS Comparator

Gireeja Amin Engineering 68-70

25 Analysis of box culvert considering soil structure interaction

M.G. Kalyanshetti,S.V. Malkhare

Engineering 71-74

26 Soil erosion & Advance Techniques of Soil Conservation Manish Gujarati,Prof. H. M. Gandhi

Engineering 75-77

27 Cotton Crop Performance and Economics under Drip Irrigation at Various Water Application Levels

Jignesh. A. Shah Engineering 78-80

28 Cotton Crop Response to Thermal Regimes under Surface Irrigation at Stress Free Water Application Level

Jignesh A.Shah Engineering 81-82

29 Simulation of Line and Phase Voltages of Inverter Using Switching Function Concept

Prachi M. Palpankar, A.Y.Fadnis

Engineering 83-85

30 Microgrid : A Planning Based on Renewable Sources In Amravati District

Shweta. L. Tiwari, Dr.R.M. Moharil

Engineering 86-89

31 “Phenomenological Modeling of Four Stroke Compression Ignition Engine Processes”

V. M. Makwana Engineering 90-94

32 Designing Aspects of Cryogenic Attachment For Uv/Visible Spectrophotomer

Yagnesh B. Chauhan, Hardik B. Patel, J.M.Patel, Dr. U.S.Joshi

Engineering 95-98

33 Comparison Of Conventional 60/70 grade of Bitumen with CRMB60 for Roads

Zala Kartik S., Mandowara Nirajkumar P., Prof. C.B.Mishra, Dr. F.S.Umrigar

Engineering 99-100

34 Modelling And Analysis of Faults In Wind Based Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

K. Keerthi Deepika,A. Srinivasa Rao

Engineering 101-104

35 Multipoint Hand Gesture Recognition Using Robotic Arm Control

Nishant Madhukar Labhane, Prashant Harsh, Meghan Kulkarni

Engineering 105-107

36 Assessment of Sediment Distribution Hiral Shah, N. N. Borad, R. K. Jain

Engineering 108-111

37 Review and Analysis of Drought Monitoring and Management

Patel Jaydeepkumar J., Prof. G.V.Dihora

Engineering 112-114

38 Flow Forecasting of Tapi River At Mandvi Station By ANN Gajjar Kamleshkumar Hasmukhbhai,Prof. H.M.Gandhi

Engineering 115-118

39 Implementation of Digital Watermarking by Combined Transform Domain Algorithm for Copyright Authentication using Matlab

Raval Keta J., Mrs. Sameena Zafar

Engineering 119-121

40 Use of Rubber Dam In Tapi River Front Development At Surat City

Sagar D Patel, Kiran R.Shah, PROF.R.B.Khasiya

Engineering 122-124

41 Mahatma Gandhi's Ultimate to the Globalization Dr. Ashok Shankarrao Pawar

Engineering 125-129

42 Determination of Reservoir Operating Rules for A Single Reservoir - A case study (March 2012)

J.C.Solanki,B. K.P.Sthar, C. Prof.A.T.Motiai

Engineering 130-132

43 Flow Equation For Elliptical Weir Jigar H. Gamit Engineering 133-135

44 Reducing the Effect of Flood through River Training Work on Shedhi River at Khumarvada Village of Kheda District, Gujarat

Suthar Kandarp kumar P. , Solanki Jitendrasinh C.

Engineering 136-138

45 Case Studies in Community Initiated Rainwater Harvesting Dr Mahalaxmi Krishnan Environment 139-140

46 Impact of Human Activities on Mangroves Ecosystem Arvind A. Dhond Environment 141-143

47 Equator Principles an Innovative Tool for Environmental and Social Sustainability

Ashok R. Bantwa Finance 144-146

48 Investor Activism – The Icahn Effect Ch. Chaitanya Finance 147-149

49 Dividend policy – A fundamental signal Krunal K Bhuva, Dr. Vijay Vyas

Finance 150-151

50 Infrastructure Creation And Utilisation In Railways Mrs. K. Revathi,Dr. R. Ganapathi

General Management

152-154

51 Impact of Environmental Parameters on the Worker’s Work Capacity Involved in Organized Poultry Farm

Tulika Srivastava,Dr. Aditi Vats

Home Science 155-156

52 Impact of Electronic Communication Media on Consumers Sandhya Rani,Dr. Chhaya Shukla

Home Science 157-159

53 A Study On Employee’s Performance Appraisal With Reference To Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Tools Limited.

S.Ragothaman, D.Yuvaraj, S.Sridhar

Human Resource Management

160-162

54 Roles of the Expatriate Kapil Dev Upadhyay, Dr. (Prof.) Vijay Kumar Soni

Human Resource Management

163-164

55 English in Multicultural Society of Asia Bhaveshkumar Rana Literature 165-167

56 Need to Reform General English Syllabus at UG Level in the Affiliate Colleges of the University of Jammu: An Experimental Study

Dr. Wajahat Hussain Literature 168-169

57 A Study On Employee Retention for Sustaining the Talented Employees in Health Care Industry in a Private Multi-Speciality Organization

Dr C Swarnalatha,TS Prasanna

Management 170-172

58 Present Status Of Women Self Hep Groups In Tamilnadu M.Gurusamy, P.Uma Maheswari, C.Sangeetha

Management 173-175

59 Volatility In Indian Stock Markets Mr. Santanu Kumar Das

Management 176-180

60 Women Entrepreneurs: Role, Development and Contribution in Indian Economy

Siddharth Raval, Yupal Shukla

Management 181-182

61 Talent Management: A Bird Eye View Kalaspathi Vishwakarma

Management 183-184

62 Efficient Positioning For Sustained Leadership Ms.Asha Anotny , Ms.S.Anbu Selvi

Management 185-188

63 “An Imperical Study on Women’s Approach Towards Equity Market”

Ritesh Hasmukhlal Amarsela

Management 189-193

64 A Study on the Role of Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Towards Insider Trading Practices in Indian Capital Market

V. Arockia Jerold Management 194-197

65 Profitability Of Commercial Banks With Special Reference To Indian Overseas Bank

Ms. R. Gokilavani,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 198-200

66 Brand Preference For Mineral Water With Reference To Pollachi

Dr. R. Ganapathi,G. Murali Manokari

Management 201-205

67 “ISO 9000 - Impact of Quality Systems on Business Performance”

Manisha Paliwal Management 206-207

68 Perceived Satisfaction of Mobile Prepaid Users and demographic factors

Dr. J. M. Badiyani Management 208-209

69 STUDY ON NPAs IN SBI WITH REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE

Ms. R. Gokilavani,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 210-213

70 Consumer Protection – Issues and Impediments In Rural Areas

Mrs. K. Revathi,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 214-216

71 Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Telecommunication Companies

Mr. Akshay Arora,Ms. Sujitha R

Management 217-219

72 To Study The Organizational Stress It’s Causes, Effects And Remedies of Private Banks At Bhavnagar Region

Mr. Vimal P. Jagad,Mr Mukesh .C Ajmera

Management 220-222

73 Case Study on Utilisation of ATM - With Reference To Erode Town

R. Gokilavani,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 223-226

74 Case Study Method – An Ideal Tool of Learning Mr. T. Kalimuthu,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 227-229

75 Ethics & Marketing: A Deep Connection Ashish Nathwani Marketing 230-232

76 The Emerging Role of HR in India Axaybharti N Goswami Marketing 233-234

77 Marketing Of Diamond Jewellery In Coimbatore – An Opinion Survey

Dr. R. Ganapathi, G. Murali Manokari

Marketing 235-237

78 A Study On Customer Satisfaction Towards Cable TV Services With Special Reference To Thirumangalam, Madurai District

K. Navarathinam,S. Anbu selvi

Marketing 238-240

79 Changing Consumer Behavior towards IPL Nirav R. Vyas,Dr. Vijay Vyas

Marketing 241-242

80 Q-Level Subnearring Of Q-Intuitionistic L-Fuzzy Subnearrings

M.M.Shanmugapriya, K.Arjunan

Mathematics 243-246

81 Effect of Selected Yogic, Aerobic Exercises and Combined Yogic and Aerobic Practices on Resting Pulse Rate

Dr. Shivarama Reddy. M , Dr. Manjappa. P

Physical Education

247-250

82 Analysis of Long Jump Performance T.Christopher Nallarasu Dr.V.Mahadevan

Physical Education

251-252

83 Panchayats and Women Self Help Groups: (A Study With Special Reference to Gulbarga District of Karnataka)

Dr. Pralhad Chengte Political Science

253-254

84 The Frustration among T.B.Patients-A Psychological study Dr.Kishor N. Mehta Psychology 255-256

85 Voice Activation Detection Algorithm for Estimating the Noise From Human Speech Signal

Kanu Patel,Sameena Zafar

Science 257-269

86 An Analysis of Changing Socio-Cultural Practices Among The Lambadas Of Andhra Pradesh

Dr. M. Sreedevi Xavier Sociology 260-262

87 Sociology of Art: A Theoretical Exploration Dr. Poonam Gandhi-Moirangthem

Sociology 263-265

88 Dalit Nari : Sthan, Paristithi avam Samsya Dr. H.L. Chavda Sociology 266-269

89 Ansuchit jatiyan me lagan sansthan bhal achal - jilla ahmedabad gujarat rajya ke vanshis sandarbhme

Dr. H.L. Chavda Sociology 270-272

90 Techniques of Steganography and Steganalysis Bhavsar Jaimin H, Imran Khan

Technology 273-276

91 Contributions of Tourism – An Analysis Dr. Bheemanagouda Tourism 277-278

Volume : 1 | Issue : 4 | April 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 83

Research Paper

*, ** Prof. Department of Electrical Engineering, YCCE, Nagpur, India

Keywords : Functional model; transfer function; sinusoidal pulse width modulation; switching function; voltage source inverter

Engineering

Simulation of Line and Phase Voltages of Inverter Using

Switching Function Concept

* Prachi M. Palpankar ** A.Y.Fadnis

In this paper, a functional model for voltage-source inverter (VSI) using switching function concept is studied. Proper converter design requires that maximum current and voltage ratings are known so that components with adequate safety margins can be selected. The switching functions are obtained using MATLAB simulink and are used to get line and phase voltages. The general switching function concept is reviewed in brief and the implementation using MATLAB Simulink are explained in detail.

ABSTRACT

I. IntroductionIn an industrialized nation today, Power electronics has al-ready found an important place in modern technology and has revolutionized control of power and energy. As the volt-age and current ratings and switching characteristics of pow-er semiconductor devices keep improving, the range of appli-cations continues to expand in areas such as lamp controls, power supplies to motion control, factory automation, trans-portation, energy storage, multi megawatt industrial drives, and electric power transmission and distribution.

The technological advances made in the field of power semi-conductor devices over the last two decades, have led to the development of power semiconductor devices with high power ratings and very good switching performances. Some of the popular power semiconductor devices available in the market today include Power MOS Field Effect Transis-tors (Power MOSFETs), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) and Gate Turn off Thyristors (GTOs). As a result of these rapid advancements in power semiconductor technol-ogy, substantial amount of research is being devoted to the area of static power converters. The input and output currents and voltages of static power converters are generally associ-ated with harmful low-order harmonics.

Three-phase voltage source inverters are widely used in vari-able speed ac motor drives applications since they provide variable voltage and variable frequency output through pulse width modulation control. Continuous improvement in terms of cost and high switching frequency of power semiconduc-tor devices and development of machine control algorithm leads to growing interest in more precise PWM techniques. The most widely used PWM method is the carrier-based sine-triangle PWM method due to simple implementation in both analog and digital realization.

Application areas of power converters still expand thanks to improvements in semiconductor technology, which offer higher voltage and current ratings as well as better switching characteristics. On the other hand, the main advantages of modern power electronic converters, such as high efficiency, low weight, small dimensions, fast operation, and high power densities, are being achieved through the use of the so-called switch mode operation, in which power semiconductor de-vices are controlled in ON=OFF fashion (no operation in the active region).

In this paper, the switching functions are obtained using si-

nusoidal PWM method and are used to get line and phase voltages of voltage source inverter.

II. General Theory of Switching FunctionThe static power converters inverters can be modeled as a black box with the input and output ports. The dc and ac variables can be input and output according to the operation mode. Then, the transfer function is obtained to describe the task to be performed by the circuits. Especially, the transfer function can be used to compute a dependent variable in terms of its respective independent circuit variable. Also, in Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), the waveform to be modu-lated is considered the independent variable and the resulting modulated waveform is the dependent variable. For example, in case of VSI, the output voltage is dependent variable and it depends on the input voltage, which is independent variable. Therefore, the general transfer function can be defined as

Fig. 1 Block diagram of static power conversion system

With the applied control strategy, each transfer function con-sists of the various particular switching functions. Using the switching function theory, the detailed relationship between the input and output variables can be obtained. Therefore, ob-taining the proper switching function is very important in order to describe the role of the static power Converters/inverters. The detailed theoretical explanation of the switching function is well addressed in the references.

III Proposed Functional Model for Three Phase Voltage Source InverterFig. 2(a) shows the circuit configuration of VSI and also Fig. 2(b) designates the input and output variables to be consid-ered in analyzing and designing the circuit. Based on the transfer function theory, in VSI, input current (Iin) and output voltage (vab, Vbc, Vca) are the dependent variables and input voltage

Volume : 1 | Issue : 4 | April 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

84 X PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

(Vd) and output current (Ia, Ib, Ic) are the independent vari-ables. Therefore, the relationship between the input and out-put variables can be expressed as

[Vbc, Vca Vab,] = TF .Vd

Iin = TF [Ia, Ib, Ic] T

Where TF is the transfer function of VSI. Generally, the trans-fer function is consisted of the several switching functions as

TF = [SF1, SF2, SF3 ...]

Fig. 2 a) Circuit Configuration of VSI. b) Input and output vari-ables of VSI

(a) Carrier (Vtri) and control (cout_a) Signals

(b) Switching function SF1

(c) Switching function SF2Fig. 3 SPWM control strategy and switching function

In order to define the switching functions, a control strategy to be applied should be selected. In this paper, the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique as shown in Fig. 3(a) is considered as a control strategy. Based on the SPWM, Figs. 3(b) and (c) express the two switching functions (SFI, SF2). The switching function SF1 expresses the Vao, Vbo, and Vca and it is used to calculate the inverter line-to-line voltages (Vab,Vbc,Vca) and phase voltages (Van, Vbn, Vcn). On the other hand, the switching function SF2 designates the voltage across the switch and the load currents (Ia, Ib,Ic )are derived as ratios of voltages and respective impedances us-ing the switching function SF2. Mathematical representation SFl and SF2 are given

IV. Analysis MethodBased on the switching functions SF1and SF2 a functional model for VSI is built by using MATLAB Simulink. Fig. 4 shows the proposed overall functional model for calculating

the design parameters of VSI. As shown in Fig. 4, it consists of four functional blocks: SPWM generator, switching function block, load block, and pure switch and diode current generat-ing block. In the SPWM block, the carrier signal (Vtri) is com-pared with three different control signals (Vcont-a, Vcont-b, Vcont-c) and it inputs to the switching function block to gener-ate inverter line to line voltages and phase voltages.

Fig 4. Proposed model for calculating the inverter line-to-line voltages and phase voltages.

Each phase has two switching functions such as SF1_a, SF2_a, SF1_b, SF2_b, SF1_c, and SF2_c. Using the switch-ing function SF1_abc, the Vao, Vbo, and Vco can be obtained as

Then, the inverter line-to-line voltages (Vab, Vbc, Vca) can be derived as

Also, the inverter phase voltages (Van, Vbn, Vcn) And Vno is calculated asVno= 1/3(Vao +Vbo + Vco)

And the phase voltages asVan =Vao –Vno

Vbn =Vbo –Vno

Vcn =Vco –Vno

IV. Simulation Result and DiscussionThe simulation parameters are as follows; input voltage Vd=300V, R=5Ω, L=20mH, carrier signal frequency=l kHz, control signal frequency (fc) =50Hz, modulation index Ma=0.8.

Fig. 5, from the SPWM control strategy, the switching func-tions SFl and SF2 are obtained. Then, the inverter line-to-line voltage (Vab) and phase voltage (Van) can be successfully derived by the action of switching function block

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PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 85

a) Carrier signal and control signal in SPWM.

b) Switching function SF1

c) Switching function SF2

d) Inverter line-to-line voltage (Vab)

e) Inverter phase voltage (Van)

Fig. 5. Simulation voltage waveforms of VSI with SPWM Strategy

(Vd=300V, fs=lkHz, fc=50Hz, Ma=0.8)

Conclusion In this paper, a functional model for voltage-source inverter (VSI) using switching function concept is studied. The switch-ing functions are obtained using MATLAB simulink and are used to get line and phase voltages. The general switching function concept is reviewed in brief and the implementation using MATLAB Simulink are explained in detail.

REFERENCES

[1] Shingare,D., (2009).Satara Industrial and power electronics, (4th ed.), Electrotech publication,. [2] Mohan,N.,Undeland,T.,Robbins,W.(2006), Power electronics converters, applications and design (3rd Edition), John wiley and sons. [3] Lee,B.K.,& Ehsani,M.., (1999).A simplified functional model for 3-phase voltage source inverter using switching function concept”, IEEE,pp462-467. [4] Wiechmann,E.,p., Ziogas,P.,D.,& Stefanovic,V.,R., (1985)Generalized functional model for three phase PWM inverter rectifier converters”, in Proc. IEEE IAS’85 pp. 984-993. [5] Wood,P., (1981)Theory of switching power converter, New York. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, [6]. alazar,L., G. joos,(1994Jan.) PSPICE simulation of three-phase inverters by means of switching functions”, IEEE Trans, Power Electron., 9(1), 35-42 [7]. Ziogas,P.,D.. Wiechmann, E,. P.&,. Stefanovic, V., R.,(1985Sep/Oct) A computer-aided analysis and design approach for static voltage source inverter”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol., 21(5) 1234-1241 [8] EnjetiP.,N.,& Ziogas,P.,D.,(1990 Feb). Analysis of a static power converter under unbalance: A novel approach”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 37(1), 91-93.

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