index atoms and elements chemistry unit 02 honors unit 02 module 03: the structure of atoms1 based...

Index

Honors Unit 02 Module 03: The Structure of Atoms 1

Atoms and Elements

Chemistry Unit 02

Based on the PowerPoints by Kevin Boudreux.

Index


THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMSHonors Unit 02 Module 03

Index


The Atom and the Subatomic Particles

Index


Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes

• What makes elements different from one another is the number of protons in their atoms, called the atomic number (Z). All atoms of the same element contain the same number of protons.

• The mass number (A) is the sum of the number of protons (Z) and neutrons (N) in the nucleus of an atom: A = Z + N

• Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, but different #’s of neutrons. Isotopes of an element have nearly identical chemical behavior.

Index


Atomic Number (z) Summarized• Symbol = z

• Number of protons (+).

• On periodic table.

• # of protons determines the element• (Add a proton to oxygen it becomes fluorine –

nuclear reactions only)

• For a neutral atom, # electrons = # protons

Index


Mass Number (A) Abridged Version• Total number of protons and neutrons.

• Not on the periodic table.

• Determines the isotope.

• A = #neutrons + #protons

• #neutrons = A - #protons

• bigger number

• Close to the mass of the isotope.

Index


Index


Atomic Symbols

• The atomic symbol specifies information about the nuclear mass (i.e. the mass number), atomic number, and the charge on a particular element. Every element has a one- or two-letter symbol based on its English or Latin name.

Index


Sometimes referred to as nuclear notation or isotopic notation.

Index


Ions

• Neutral atoms have the same numbers of electrons as protons. In many chemical reactions, atoms gain or lose electrons to form charged particles called ions.

• For example, sodium loses one electron, resulting in a particle with 11 protons and 10 electrons, having a +1 charge:

• Positively charged ions are called cations.• Fluorine gains one electron, resulting in a particle with 9

protons and 10 electrons, having a -1 charge:

• Negatively charged ions are called anions.

Index


Hyphen notation of isotopes

“isotope” hyphen “mass number”

Isotope-A

Carbon-12

Oxygen-18

Index


Nuclear or Isotopic Notation of Isotopes

A= mass #

Z=atomic #

X=element

Carbon-14 Big number on top.

Index


Important Facts about Subatomic Particles

1. # of electrons determines the charge of the atom• #e- = #p+ Charge is zero (neutral)• #e- > #p+ (greater than) Charge is negative.• #e- < #p+ (less than) Charge is positive.

2. # of protons determines what element it is.3. # of protons and neutrons determines the mass of

the atom. (Since electron’s mass ~0)4. An electron and proton can combine to form a

neutron and vice versa. (nuclear reactions only)5. A neutron has the most mass.

Index


How to Determine the Number of e-, p+ & n

1. #p+ = atomic #

2. If charge = 0, then #p+ = #e-

3. #e- = #p+ - charge

4. #e- - reason it out – Who’s wining? By how much?

5. charge = #p+ - #e-

6. #n = A – Z (mass # - atomic #)

Index


ExampleHow many protons? Electrons?

Ca

Index


ExampleHow many protons? electrons?

Mg2+

Index


ExamplesHow many electrons?

F-

Index


ExampleHow many protons? electrons?

P3-

Index


Your TurnHow many protons? Electrons?

Mg

Index



Li

Index



Cu

Index


Your TurnHow many protons? electrons?

K+

Index


Your TurnHow many protons? electrons?

S2-

Index


Example

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does carbon-14 have? (A=14)

Index


#Neutrons

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does neon-22 have? (A=22)

Index


Your turn

How many neutrons does oxygen-18 have? (A=18)

Index


Your turn

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Silicon-30 have? (A=30)

Index


Your turn

Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of Boron-12.

Index


Hyphen notation examples

Put in hyphen notation

A nuclide of fluorine has 9 protons and 10 neutrons.

Index


Hyphen notation of isotopes

“isotope” hyphen “mass number”

Isotope-A

Carbon-12

Oxygen-18

Index




A nuclide of calcium has a mass number of 44 and an atomic number of 20.

Index




A nuclide of nickel has a 28 protons and 32 neutrons.

Index


Your turn


A nuclide of arsenic has an atomic number of 33 and a mass number of 75

Index


Your turn


An unknown nuclide has a 30 protons and 34 neutrons.

Index


Your turn


A nuclide has a 37 protons and 48 neutrons.

Index


Nuclear or Isotopic Notation of Isotopes

A= mass #

Z=atomic #

X=element

Carbon-14 Big number on top.

Index


Nuclear notation Examples

Put in nuclear notation.

A nuclide has 8 protons and 8 neutrons.

Index



Put in nuclear notation.

A nuclide has a mass number of 130 and an atomic number of 56.

Index



Determine the number of electrons, neutrons, and protons of:

Index


Your turn


Index


Your turn

Put in nuclear notation. Tin-113

Index


Your turn

Put in nuclear notation. A nuclide has 27 protons, 30 neutrons, and 24 electrons.

Index


Index


Tutorials EPN

• Tutorials on how to find the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4v1_Qj60a8&feature=youtu.be– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4WZ0-fItt8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4v1_Qj60a8&feature=youtu.be

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4WZ0-fItt8

Index


Tutorials - Isotopes

• Tutorials for writing the isotopes in hyphen notation or nuclear (isotopic) notation– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYiu0kIWd30– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oBedASNVxg

&feature=c4-overview&list=UUVdtS_cnwkNuP6fGs4efTEw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYiu0kIWd30

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oBedASNVxg&feature=c4-overview&list=UUVdtS_cnwkNuP6fGs4efTEw



index atoms and elements chemistry unit 02 honors unit 02 module 03: the structure of atoms1 based...

Documents